Development Of Marketing System Research Articles

The impact of sub-national institutions on SMEs’ diversification into new businesses: evidence from China

ABSTRACTThis study explores how sub-national institutions affect the diversification of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into new businesses. Using a sample of 3240 SMEs in China, we found that the dominance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and the development of market systems in a province were related to local SMEs’ diversification. Specifically, in provinces dominated by SOEs, SMEs were less likely to diversify into new businesses. The development of market systems tended to reduce the odds of diversification for SMEs that primarily served local markets, and lower the likelihood of unrelated diversification. As a rare attempt to examine the impact of sub-national institutions on SMEs’ diversification, this study contributes to the research on diversification, institutions, and SME management.

Traditional thinking: the impact of international aid on social structures and cultural traditions in agrifood chains in Tonga and Solomon Islands

Aid agencies provide significant funding for the development of modern market systems in subsistence societies. Despite the advantages generated by aid partnerships, aid agencies are often unsuccessful in producing the market changes they aim to realise. This project investigates barriers to the development of demand-driven agrifood market systems at the local level in Solomon Islands and Tonga. We demonstrate that performances that imply a readiness to expand into a capitalist market economy elide the everyday social relations and cultural traditions of local village actors. These villagers would need to move away from their own traditional thinking about food production, and deny their customary subsistence and market narratives, to meet the requirements of externally imposed, modern market systems that drive the modern market development thinking of aid donors. The reality is that village-based socio-cultural, economic and religious obligations obstruct the basic demand-driven market practices required for a successful formal market environment. We conclude that a critical anthropological understanding of local market systems is essential to the generation of modern market opportunities at village levels.

THE ROLE OF FISH COOPERATIVES IN DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING FISH SYSTEMS

In view of the role of fisheries cooperatives in the development of fish production and marketing systems, the fisheries sector is an important sector in the national economy, accounting for 6.7% of the total value of agricultural production, 19% of the total value of animal production in the period 2004-2015 ), The study aimed to identify the role of cooperative societies as one of the cornerstones of the fisheries sector development strategy. It is one of the civil society organizations that has increased interest in it to participate in the development process. Egypt is one of the developing countries suffering from increasing population. Energy The statistics indicate that Egypt is one of the most important fish producing countries from fish farming activity. The output of this activity in 2015 is estimated at 1,175 million tons. The study includes six sections , The study relied on following the extrapolation method in the economic analysis in terms of descriptive, quantitative approach and quantitative analysis, while the results of the study to many of the results and therefore the study recommends the following recommendations.

Fish Marketing System in Nepal: Present Status and Future Prospects


 Efficient fish marketing needed for the growth of fish production as well as development of fishery sector. Domestic fish markets development in the Nepal will plays a very crucial role in the development of fisheries sector. Fish marketing system development in Nepal is in infant stage. Fish marketing channel has not been systematic in Nepal. The fish marketing infrastructure and the facilities for the fish market should be developed by identifying the possible production and collection centers in the country. Live fish have getting higher price in the market and fish imported from India price is lesser than fresh wet fish of Nepal. Government policy needed to upgrade the existing fish marketing system to ensure supply of hygiene fresh fish and processed fish for consumers.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 1-5

RESEARCH OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ZS "PĒRLES" MARKETING COMPLEX

In order for enterprises to be more competitive and to develop more successfully, entrepreneurs have to understand the desires and needs of consumers. The main task of an entrepreneur is not only to produce and sell products, but also to analyze the business environment he/she is acting within, in order to be able to adapt to it and to continue successful activity without incurring losses. The article studies and analyzes factors, influencing marketing environment and development of marketing system. The factors impacting development of marketing system especially at ZS “Pērles” were studied.

Analyzing the effect of financial development on economic growth – the Jordanian experience

This study came to inspect the impact of the development of both financial market and banking system on the economic growth of Jordan based on the annual data covering the period 1993–2017. Through the use of many methodologies: Johansen cointegration test, (VECM), and Granger causality test, where real GDP was used as an indicator of economic growth, the real market value of stocks (Market Capitalization) (LCAP) and Share Turnover (LTURN) are indicators for the financial market, Money supply in the broad concept (LM2), and Local domestic credit (LCR) are indicators for the banking sector.The results of this study reported that the study variables are stationary, and in the level of order 2, they are integrated, and a long-run relationship between the study variables existed according to the Johansen co-integration test. VECM model result and the target model result confirm a short-run causality running from the all variables toward GDP. Granger causality test underline a single directional causality running from variables of our study to GDP and denote the short-run impact between LCAP, LTURN, LM2, LCR, and LGDP. The analysis of the variance decomposition shows that the development of the banking system affects economic growth almost equally with the impact of the development of the financial market. The results go to the same line of supply-leading hypothesis.

THE INNOVATIONS EFFECTS AT COMPANY’S LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY

The paper deals with the analysis of innovations effects on labour productivity, work quality, work contracts. Innovations are the basic factors in the growth of labour productivity. The innovations growth provides the release of labor force in low-tech sectors of the economy, the redistribution of workers in favor of high -tech sectors of the economy with high value added, and a major source of improving the welfare of the population and development of society. The methodology includes the interdisciplinary approach application based on institutional analysis, human resource management and comparative economics methods. The systematization of the basic approaches including systemic innovation system, the permanent organizations, innovation diffusion concept and etc. expand the object of study, and allows finding new directions in the study of the interdependence between innovations and labour productivity. The study of Ukrainian economic performance indicators of public R&D expenditures, innovation expenditures, employment in medium to high-tech manufacturing and high-tech services confirms decrease in public spending. The recent studies emphasize the main transformation in the world of work in terms of the labour market, social dialogue, and conditions of work, wages and incomes, and effects on the middle class. The strong institutions play significant role in the process of knowledge accumulation, creation well-functioning market system, institutional and infrastructure development. They are fully consistent with high employment and dynamic labour market functioning. The information technologies development contributes into the average annual growth of labour productivity in a range of the developed countries. The directions of preconditions for innovative development and the formation of partnerships and links between education, business, science, and innovation are proposed.

Analysis of Maize Marketing; The Case of Farta Woreda, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Maize is widely grown as a major food and cash crop in Southern Gondar zone, faces with problems as seasonal supply, price fluctuations, and inadequate information on production, marketing and consumption. These problems are more acute in urban areas too. Effective crop marketing is essential for efficient agricultural and rural development, particularly with regard to continued increase in crop production and producer’s income. The research tried to analyze the marketing system of maize in farta woreda with specific objective of identifying determinant factors affecting house hold participation decisions of maize market and determining volume of maize market supply in the study area. Primary data was collected from 154 maize producers. Based on multi-stage random sampling procedures both probability sampling and non-probability sampling procedures were followed to select six Peasant Associations. Structured interview schedule and questionnaire was used for collecting the essential quantitative and qualitative data from the sampled farmer respondents. To generate qualitative data, field observations and informal interview with key informants were conducted. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and Tobit model was employed to estimate the factors jointly affecting maize market participation decisions’ and determinants of volume of maize supply of households. Farmers’ decision to participate on maize market in Farta woreda was significantly but negatively influenced by sex whereas age, time of sale, area of maize, oxen number, access to market information, credit access and membership in primary cooperatives positively influenced maize market participation & extent of participation. Generally, maize marketing system in the study area observed to be inefficient and underdeveloped. Thus, marketing system development interventions should be aimed at addressing both maize production technological gaps and marketing problems.

Application for Marketplace Agricultural Product

Farmers empowerment is an effort to improve farmers' ability to conduct better farming through education and training, counseling and mentoring, development of Agricultural products and marketing system, consolidation and guarantee agricultural land area, ease of access of science, technology and information, and institutional strengthening. Support Information Technology is not only making it easier regarding resources but become media marketing agricultural products for farmers in Indonesia. Currently, the chain of commerce for the sale of agricultural products is still very long. That causes the price of agricultural products is quite high. However, when the farmers sell the product, the hat price is still relatively low. To reduce the chain of commerce is needed a system that can provide information as well as a marketing place for agricultural products and can also use for direct purchase by consumers. The system that can meet those needs is e-commerce that built Marketplace based. Based on the findings of e-Marketer, the business to consumer (B2C) e-commerce market in Indonesia has the largest growth record in the Asia Pacific through 2017. There is potential to improve the welfare of farmers in Indonesia using information technology for marketing as well as direct transactions with consumers. In this paper will be proposed Android Application for Marketplace Agricultural Product Base Android. This Application will development by Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Prototype method with Java and XML programming languages and database management will be used MySQL. This Application will provide information on agricultural products, facilitate farmers to market their agricultural products, and facilitate farmers to conduct direct transactions with consumers.

Participatory Octopus Market System Development strengthens community management of marine resources on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Participatory Octopus Market System Development strengthens community management of marine resources on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Factors impeding citrus supply chain in Central Punjab, Pakistan

Pakistan is one of the largest citrus producer and leading exporter of Kinnow in world. Average production of this vital fruit comparatively lower than potential and in result, minor contributions comes to national economy and livelihoods of the growers. Present study was designed to analyze factors impeding citrus supply chain in Toba Tek Singh District of the Punjab province. Through multistage sampling technique 120 citrus growers were selected. Data were collected through face to face interview technique with the help of structured, validated, reliable and pre-tested questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings unveiled that black marketing of fertilizers, shortage of labor; lack of technical knowledge and shortage of finance were major factors impeding production of citrus crop. Monopoly of middle-man; late payments by the dealers; lack of storage facilities; high storage cost and less price of citrus set by the government were leading barriers of marketing. Study recommended that development of effective marketing system, subsidies on inputs and initiation of direct marketing for small farmers in particular. Study further urges development of affordable machinery for growers to encounter labor shortage problems.

Potential contributions of market-systems development initiatives for building climate resilience

Market systems interventions are an increasingly common approach to agricultural development. While the impacts of these interventions on poverty reduction and market participation by smallholders has been studied, little is known about their contributions to building climate resilience. This paper analyzes the compatibility of market systems and climate resilience approaches to agricultural development, using the United States government’s Feed the Future program as an empirical case study. Drawing on case studies in Ethiopia and Honduras, the paper examines the synergies and tensions between market systems and climate resilience approaches. The study finds that the market systems interventions have contributed to climate resilience, but also evidence of significant limitations due to fundamental tensions between market system and resilience approaches in terms of what their goals are, who they target, and how they approach their objectives. This study has important implications for the design and implementation of climate resilience programs and policies, as well as the expectations that agricultural development programs will be able to build climate resilience. Recognizing the inherent tensions that exist between market systems approaches and resilience approaches and explicitly discussing the trade-offs between the goals, target audiences, and primary mechanisms of each approach would represent an important step forward if market systems programs are going to contribute to climate resilience.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPALS OF THREE-LEVEL SYSTEM OF COOPERATIVE MARKETING IN THE UKRAINIAN TOURISM

The task of this article is to work out methodical positions and practical recommendations for formation of the cooperative marketing system. This system is considered to be the preferred means of Ukrainian travel agencies for effective functioning in conditions of globalization. The subject of research is scientific and methodological issues and praxeological aspects of marketing activity of the tourism agencies, the prospects for effective implementation of the cooperative marketing concept in tourism. The methodology of research includes such methods as: system analysis, morphological analysis, the historical method, desk review, methods of marketing research (desk and field). The foundation of cooperative marketing system development for tourism agencies has been accentuated. The way of organizing a general cooperative marketing system is proposed in the form of three-level closed cycle: macro-, meso- and micro-level. The article confirmed that the concept of balanced tourism is an important condition of development of the cooperative marketing system in Ukraine. The stages of organizing tourism centers have been highlighted. The development of those proses is a necessary requirement to create a cooperative marketing system for tourism agencies. The elements and logic for creating the infrastructure of information support have been worked out for the tourism agencies.

Marine Fish Marketing and Prices Changes in Different Levels of Market in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study Using Primary Data

Contribution of fisheries in the national economy of Bangladesh is substantial, particularly with reference to food consumption, nutrition, employment and export. The present study was designed to determine the changes of prices of marine fish at different levels of market and to determine various problems relating to marine fish marketing system in Bangladesh. This study used purposive sampling and data were collected from 168 stakeholders using interview schedule considering 10 major species of marine fish during 2014. Primary, secondary and consumer market were considered in the study. The study revealed that both marketing margins as well as marketing profit are relatively higher in consumer market followed by primary and secondary markets, where baparis and aratders are involved. Marketing costs for per kg of marine fish were estimated to be Tk 8.55, 1.10 and 4.50 for beparis, aratdars and retailers, respectively. Average marketing cost was lower in primary market (Tk 8.86/kg) compared to secondary market (Tk 9.99/kg) and consumer market (Tk 12.29/kg). The marketing system of marine fish in Bangladesh is yet to be developed and since this is facing a lot of problems including post-harvest losses, poor physical facilities, etc. Government and department of fisheries should take necessary action for development of marketing system of marine fishes.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 79-87

Inclusive value chain development: experience of participatory market system development approach in Bangladesh

The aim of this article is to reflect lessons learned in developing an inclusive value chain through participatory market system development (PMSD) by Practical Action in Bangladesh. PMSD contains 10 structured sequences of steps (called a roadmap). This article captures eight steps of PMSD, which are Market system selection, Preliminary mapping and analysis, Strategic design and planning, Empowering marginalized actors, Engaging key actors, Participatory market mapping (PMM), Participatory planning, and Facilitating changes. Through PMSD we are selecting viable market systems for small-scale farmers; developing preliminary market maps, interventions, and sales and service centres for their empowerment; engaging value chain actors; organizing PMM workshops with market actors; and facilitating farmers’ groups to develop production plans. The challenges we face are: analysis and preparation of reports on all subsectors; the short time duration for intervention design; unskilled staff members of partner NGOs and, at the beginning, less cooperation from public and private sectors; ensuring participation of local government representatives and government officers; organizing follow-up PMM workshops at Upazila and district level; and involving traders to aggregate input demand and supply of product.

Market systems development in education? An experimental case from Nigeria

Education is one of the most significant and persistent development challenges globally. Despite 65 years of investment of aid money into education in developing countries, the number of children emerging with key skills remains critically low. While enrolment has increased, there is evidence that this is the result of target chasing and has had limited impact on educational outcomes. The limited impact of aid on education should not be surprising. At best, aid to education has provided only a small supplement to an already broken system. This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of the motivations of aid programmes, and then employs this framework to examine different approaches to education and the parameters according to which they have succeeded or failed. Using the framework to explain why prevailing approaches have resulted in the outcomes realized, the paper then examines the possibility for an alternative approach to be taken to intervention in education, one which attempts to change the way the education system operates to create a sustainable, large-scale impact. This potential is explored through an innovative programme being implemented in Lagos, Nigeria, which attempts to adopt such an approach.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED COMMODITY MARKET

In the article author allocated four approaches to the interpretation of category �efficiency�, namely: (1) target (qualitative); (2) resource; (3) resultant; (4) degree of implementation of planned indicators. Grounded allocation two categories of efficiency of functioning systems and subsystems � of market and sector. Proposed author's definition categories �efficiency of integrated commodity market�, namely: productivity the usage and the balance of intersectored movement of material, financial, labor and information resources for reproduction development of market system and increasing its integration level with ensuring the priority of interests the state and society. This definition develops of a resource-targeted approach to category �efficiency�. Efficiency of sector the integrated market can be interpreted in context of the resultant approach as a ratio of result to costs, which ensured its receipt. Defined three types of integration links between subjects of different sectors and markets: (1) sectored links; (2) inter-sectored links; (3) inter-market links � internal and external. Identified four stages of formation of integration links in multi-level of market systems: (1) establishment of links between elements of system; (2) strengthening links; (3) increasing the number of links; (4) emergence of new relationships, new integrative properties of the system. Substantiated the integration function of commodity market in macro system. The author proposed a conceptual approach to evaluating the effectiveness of integrated commodity market based on convergence of reproduction, logistics, integration and regulatory approaches, what forms the foundation of methodical assessment basis.

A comparative study of shadow banking activities of non-financial firms in transition economies

Shadow banking activities in transition economies have drawn scant attention in the literature. This paper examines a particular form of shadow banking business embedded in the operation of non-financial firms in China and transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), in which firms borrow in order to lend. We verify its existence, especially in China and Russia, by two strategies to track the abnormal correlations between financial accounts. By exploring the national/regional variations, we find that a better development of financial market and legal system deters firms in both CEE and China from engaging in re-lending business. We also confirm that Chinese firms participate less actively in re-lending if they have better growth prospects and are located in cities with better development of high-tech industries.

Crop Diversification: Challenges of Switching Crops in Punjab

The cultivation of paddy wheat crops in Punjab over a prolonged period have led to decline in the ground water table, deterioration of soil quality and emergence of environmental problems. Crop diversification was suggested in various studies for sustained agricultural production in the state. With the help of Crop Diversification Index (CDI) it was concluded in the study that Punjab agriculture is moving towards specialization of crops in almost all the districts of Punjab during the period of1980-81 to 2011–12. Therefore, concentric efforts are required to stop the increasing adoption of paddy-wheat area. The cultivation of paddy crop is using lion's share of natural irrigation resources of Punjab as a result there is an overexploitation of underground water. Well-developed support system of government policies, innovative technologies, well settled production scenario and marketing system, socio-economic conditions of the farmers were main factors for specialization of paddy-wheat cultivation in Punjab. Strong institutional support in the form of new infrastructural development, research and extension strengthening, developments of cooperatives, development of marketing system of international standard backed by sound government policies is required for switch over to diversified crops and enterprises in Punjab.

Sensing of Audience Excitation and Boredom Emotion Based on the Synchrony of Sitting Body Sway

SUMMARYMore and more recent studies of emotion estimation have taken the approach of ambient sensing, where users are monitored without constraining their bodies and without being aware of the sensing system. Few of them, however, focus on audience emotions. We attempted to examine audience emotions, which are difficult to estimate when using only individual data, and which come to be estimated more easily when using ambient sensing of synchrony among multiple users. We developed an ambient sensing chair, which employs wireless sensors to determine the center of force of the seated user, and designed an experiment for an audience watching a soccer game on TV or a technical presentation in order to examine the relationship between audience body sway and emotional states in a natural situation. We found that synchrony could be well correlated with audience excitement and boredom, something not observable in the individual data. These results indicate the possibility of development of service marketing systems that evaluate TV content, and feedback systems that give notice of the emotional state of an audience to a presenter.