Development Of Marketing System Research Articles

The Enlightenment on Beijing from Development Experience of Renewable Energy Sources in World Cities

New York, London, Paris and Tokyo, as the leading cities in utilizing new and renewable energy, has worked out a variety of policy measures and incentive mechanism on the aspects of market development, technological development and market development. We should learn from those world cities to identify renewable energy development goals and detailing development strategies, improve legal system and standardize the development of market and tax system, increase capital investment to strengthen existing technologies and developing new technologies.

Regional institutional development, political connections, and entrepreneurial performance in China’s transition economy

While previous research emphasizes the role of political connections in facilitating entrepreneurial performance during China’s early reform period (1978–1999), this study argues that regional institutions were increasingly conducive to entrepreneurial activities and, thus, also played a key role in China’s entrepreneurial success during that period. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to demonstrate how regional institutional development facilitated entrepreneurial performance in China. Second, it aims to understand how formal institutional development among Chinese regions affected the role of political connections. Using a two-level hierarchical dataset on Chinese private enterprises, this study finds that not only legal protection of property rights but also the development of market systems mattered for entrepreneurial performance. In addition, it shows that political connections played a diminishing role during regional institutional development in China.

Analysis Of Traditional Market Development Strategy In The District Sidoarjo.

The purpose of this study was to identify potential products - products and find local internal and external factors that influence the development and design tradicional market system development and structuring tradicional market in Sidoarjo. The method used is descriptive analyzes of trend analysis by the method of least squares linear least square. SWOT analysis results indicate uncontrolled parties are not relevant to the activities in the urban market, while the SMART analysis shows the effectiveness of diversity is far below the average rate comparable institutions close to 40% below. So externally tradicional market under pressure from the modern market growth started to besiege the cit

Sustainable Development of Markets and Marketing Systems in a Globalized World

Macromarketing has become an established domain of marketing science. But still little is known about the linkages between the practices of individuals and organizations as actors in markets on the one and the market process as an overall coordination mechanism on the other hand. Furthermore, modern marketing systems are characterized by an increasing importance of consumer and business services as well as of global supply chains. Accompanied by a growing weight of emergent markets new challenges for the sustainable development of markets and marketing systems in a globalized word arise.

Sustainable Development of Markets and Marketing Systems in a Globalized World

Macromarketing has become an established domain of marketing science. But still little is known about the linkages between the practices of individuals and organizations as actors in markets on the one and the market process as an overall coordination mechanism on the other hand. Furthermore, modern marketing systems are characterized by an increasing importance of consumer and business services as well as of global supply chains. Accompanied by a growing weight of emergent markets new challenges for the sustainable development of markets and marketing systems in a globalized word arise.

Improving the Efficiency of Domestic Vegetable Marketing Systems in East Africa

The majority of smallholders growing vegetables in East Africa market their produce domestically. It is an important source of income for many poor smallholder households and those involved in vegetable value chains. This paper highlights the major constraints of and identifies potential opportunities for improving the efficiency of domestic vegetable marketing systems in two countries – Kenya and Tanzania. Emphasis is given to tomato and onion as commonly marketed and consumed vegetables throughout the region. The authors also look at indigenous vegetables marketed domestically. Finally, they consider the importance of the export vegetable subsector as a role model for improving the efficiency, growth and economic value of domestic vegetable marketing systems in East Africa. This analysis should guide policy makers towards key interventions to facilitate the development of efficient vegetable marketing systems, contributing to poverty reduction and fostering economic growth in East Africa.

POVERTY, POLICY REFORMS FOR RESOURCE-USE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY: NEGLECTED ISSUES

It is widely believed that in developing countries, open-access to natural resources, inadequate private property rights, and lack of development of market systems add to the incidence of poverty. Increased economic efficiency is seen as a powerful force for reducing the extent of poverty in developing countries in the long run. While this may be so, it ignores the depth and incidence of poverty that can be generated during adjustments to policy reforms. This possibility constrains policy choices as shown theoretically on natural resource policies and agricultural adjustment policies with Asian examples. Social, behavioral, and institutional features are also considered as they may result in the poverty lock-in of some groups. It is essential to consider dynamic processes and not to rely solely on comparative statics when assessing economic policies to reduce poverty and increase economic efficiency. It is also important to take into account the institutional constraints on policy choices.

Probe into the Rent-Seeking Issue in China’s Security Issuance

The security market has developed fast in China. It has spent ten years in completing the course that was completed by countries with perfect capitalism market economy in one hundred years. Because the development of market system fails to catch up with the fast development of security market, lots of issues appear. Focusing on the imperfection of security issuance market, this paper tries to probe into the relatively severe rent-seeking issue and tempts to provide with suggestions for reform.

Merging Lines

This article explores both the character and the implications behind Japan nationalizing its railway system, beginning in 1906. The author shows how early 20th century government leaders, in order to achieve both political and managerial ends, caused a de facto merger between various publicly and privately owned railway properties to effectively create a national railway system. The author further examines the development of railroad policies and programs designed to coordinate the growth of the national system, especially as it relates to restructuring the organization to create a new corporate culture. The result of these efforts formed Japan's national infrastructure, which evolved into the national market system and large-scale industrial development that continues today.

Issues in Development of Government Bond Markets

Developing a government securities market is a complex undertaking that depends on the financial and market system development of each country. For many governments, this involves immense challenges as the problems that inhibit securities market development run deep in the economy. For example, some governments rely on a few domestic banks for funding, which makes competition scarce and transaction costs high. In addition, a proliferation of government agencies issuing securities can fragment national government securities markets. Absence of a sound market infrastructure may make specific actions to develop a government securities market premature. A paucity of institutional investors, low domestic savings rates, and lack of interest from international investors can result in a small, highly homogeneous investor group, contrary to the heterogeneity needed for an efficient market. Furthermore, economic instability, often fed by high fiscal deficits, rapid growth of the money supply, and a deteriorating exchange rate, can weaken investor confidence and increase the risks associated with development of a market for government securities. This paper presents a brief overview of the key policy questions that arise for policymakers seeking to further develop their domestic government securities market.

Coupling of image analysis and tenderness classification to simultaneously evaluate carcass cutability, longissimus area, subprimal cut weights, and tenderness of beef.

The present experiment was conducted to determine whether image analysis of the 12th-rib cross-section used for tenderness classification could accurately predict carcass cutability, longissimus area, and subprimal cut weights. The right side of crossbred steer and heifer carcasses (n=66) was fabricated, and the yield of totally trimmed retail product was determined. Following procedures that we have described for tenderness classification, a 2.54-cm-thick steak was removed from the 12th-rib region of the left side of each carcass, and image analysis was conducted using off-the-shelf technology. Image analysis accounted for more of the variation in retail product yield (RPYD; 89 vs 77%) and retail product weight (95 vs 90%) than did calculated yield grade. Also, image analysis accurately predicted longissimus area (R2=.88). For most subprimals, the combination of image analysis-predicted RPYD and hot carcass weight (HCW) accounted for more of the variation in subprimal weight than did the combination of calculated yield grade and HCW. Whereas HCW, by itself, accounted for only 30 to 34% of the variation in weights of round cuts, the combination of image analysis-predicted RPYD and HCW accounted for 78 to 82% of the variation in weights of round cuts. Hot carcass weight, the combination of calculated yield grade and HCW, and the combination of image analysis-predicted RPYD and HCW accounted for 54, 83, and 91% of the variation in the weight of 80% lean trimmings. Thus, image analysis could be used by the beef industry to more accurately predict individual subprimal weights. In turn, that information and appropriate price extensions could be used to more accurately estimate carcass value. Thus, image analysis could be used by the beef industry in combination with tenderness classification to accurately characterize beef carcasses for cutability and tenderness. These tools should help facilitate the development of value-based marketing systems.

Some issues in developing expert marketing systems

Formal planning can yield many benefits for all types of companies but many companies are experiencing difficulties with marketing planning. It has been recognized that expert systems would bring benefits to companies by helping them make better strategic plans, but the development of expert marketing systems is difficult and time consuming. Discusses some important issues related to the development of expert marketing systems. These issues are associated with understanding the domain, identifying users’ problems, knowing the limitation of expert systems and designing user‐friendly interface. These issues seem to have not been addressed adequately from expert system developers. It is hoped that discussions herein would help others to understand these issues better and to develop more successful expert marketing systems.

Architectural aspects for the evolution of mobile communications toward UMTS

The transition from second- to third-generation mobile systems and the evolution paths of the relevant radio/network configurations are driven by technical and market considerations. In fact, these are affecting the standardization and research process ongoing at the regional level (ETSI, ACTS Program, US Joint Technical Committee, Japanese ARIB) as well as the global level (ITU). The related discussion is becoming more and more meaningful for operators and manufacturers who are perceiving, on the one hand, the new perspectives associated with service, features, and bandwidth management evolution, and on the other hand, the great impact that such an evolution could have on the existing market scenario and system development plans. In addition, due to the widespread usage of GSM worldwide, this system should also be considered within the evolution scenarios toward third generation. This paper analyzes the situation emerging from the standards context, identifies some key characteristics associated with current proposals, and tries to define a possible third-generation systems architecture based on the most encouraging propositions, e.g., the separation of radio-dependent and independent functions and the integration with B-ISDN. The paper rationale and the identified solutions reflect the research activities within the ACTS project RAINBOW (radio access independent broad band on wireless), addressing architectural solutions for UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system), the European developing standard for third-generation systems.

Comparative property values in the USA and Ukraine

Reviews the history of privatization of residential real estate and the development of an embryonic real estate marketing system in Kiev, Ukraine. These changes since the fall of communism partially explain reported differences and similarities in rents and values in Kiev when compared with Philadelphia in the USA. In general, residential values are very high in central Kiev, an area influenced by substantial inflows of Western governmental and business demand. On the other hand, prices and rents per square foot are very low by Philadelphian standards in all other areas of Kiev. An inefficient marketing system may explain the much larger variations that seem to exist in all ratios studied in Kiev compared with Philadelphia.

The Polish agricultural marketing system: A policy perspective on developments

Polish transition to a market agriculture has in many respects been rapid. Following initial liberalisation, strong political support for farmers has resulted in increasing protection in the form of state price intervention, import barriers and subsidised credit. Poor financial performance in farming and processing persists, and the full independent development of a dynamic food marketing system continues to elude Poland. Further developments require commitment on behalf of profit-seeking agents to investment in the functions of the market. This commitment will be occasioned by a clear policy stance. Government must recognise the role and importance of this development, and channel it effectively by removing existing distortions to investors' incentives. A role for government remains in provision of public goods and in attention to specific problems of transition.

The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy: Merchant Capitalism and Labour Market.

An economic theory of merchant capitalism the rise of Holland in the late Middle Ages and early modern period immigration and the labour market in Amsterdam in the 17th century forced labour in the periphery - the VOC in the Moluccas the slave trade, slavery and the plantation economy in Surinam an economic interpretation of proto-industry wages and the cost of living, 1600-1850 the economic structure of merchant capitalism and the development of the Dutch economy between 1825 and 1855 seasonal migrant labour and the development of Holland's labour market system.

Development of Agricultural Production and Marketing Systems at Al-Qassim Region in Saudi Arabia

Development of Agricultural Production and Marketing Systems at Al-Qassim Region in Saudi Arabia

Intrapreneurship and agricultural market development in small developing economics

The importance of entrepreneurship in the development of agricultural marketing systems in developing countries has long been recognised, if poorly defined. Market structure in small developing countries such as those in the South Pacific region, however, is seldom conductive to the emergence of an independent and indigenous entrepreneurial class, nor to the expansion of entrepreneurial initiatives. This is because of the major role attributed by governments to public institutions in agricultural marketing and the persistent influence of village organisation on rural market participants. In this paper, an alternative to entrepreneurship—intrapreneurship—is assessed as a means of promoting agricultural market development. The difference is that intrapreneurship involves internalising the entrepreneurial functions within large institutions. Some major potential benefits are outlined, but policy makers must overcome many obstacles in attaining these benefits.

A Comparative Analysis of the Domestic Retailing Systems of Canada and Sweden

This article relates the structural developments of retail systems in Sweden and Canada to the comparative distribution and retailing literature. The two countries have similar types of market and marketing system development. The emergence of strong consumer markets has brought about corresponding structural changes in the distribution systems of both countries. Similarities and differences in the retailing systems of the two countries are examined systematically in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors of the environment. The differences in the retail systems indicate that each country's retail industry is at a different stage of development. Canada has higher total retail turnover (retail turnover as percentage of personal expenditures) and a higher total number of retail stores, but Sweden has higher per capita sales and per store retail turnover, and a larger population per store. These comparisons pinpoint the nature and structure of the prevailing Swedish and Canadian consumer markets and the emerging retail distribution systems of the future. The study also offers certain important policy implications to both marketing practitioners and marketing scholars with regards to the workings of retail systems in multiple environments.

The development of small scale marketing systems: Some observations on intermediary activities in the perishable trade

The development of small scale marketing systems is a relatively neglected research area in the less developed economies of the world. This applies in particular to the perishable trade where intervention and the creation of new institutions is often based on a limited understanding of the existing system. This paper concentrates on establishing a framework for analysing the role of the intermediaries in order that the priorities for governmental involvement may be more objectively established.