Agricultural Machinery Market Research Articles

Leasing in Russian agricultural economy: current stage of development

The purpose of the study is to analyze leasing sustainable development as the main investment mechanism of the Russian agrarian sector technical re-equipment. The author uses general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical methods, graphical methods, etc.). The current state of the domestic agrarian sector technical equipment, the development of agricultural machinery leasing market development, issues and prospects for the use of agrarian leasing at the present stage have been considered. Considering the current situation in the domestic market, decreased prices for agricultural products and outstripping growth of prices for equipment, domestic agricultural producers need systemic state support to maintain the machinery and tractor fleet renewal pace. In conditions of agricultural machinery and investment resources for its reproduction deficit, leasing is one of the effective tools in solving the technical potential of the agricultural sector technical potential strengthening issues. The main promising areas of leasing mechanisms application, contributing to technical re-equipment acceleration in the agricultural sector have been proposed (sustainable development projects, national “green taxonomy”, “green” bonds; agricultural machinery market digitalization development; use of leasing mechanisms for the machinery and technology complexes development as a modern form of joint machinery use in agriculture). The proposed areas will ensure systemic development and acceleration of Russian agrarian sector technical re-equipment.

Factors of sustainable development for the agricultural machinery market

Factors of sustainable development for the agricultural machinery market

STUDY OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE POSITIONING MECHANISMS OF WIDE-GRIP MACHINE-TRACTOR UNITS

As stated in the humanitarian food program "Grain from Ukraine", launched by the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi: "The demand for agricultural products in the world is growing by 2-3% every year, and the shortage of grain on the markets of Africa and Asia may reach 10-15% already in 2024". Therefore, the issue of production of agricultural products is relevant today. As the analysis of the market of agricultural machinery shows, one of the directions of the development of the design of agricultural units is to increase the width of grip of tools for soil cultivation and plant care. The use of agricultural units with an increased working width has certain advantages: - reduction of the number of passes of equipment on the ground; - reduction of fuel consumption; - reducing the negative impact of the unit on soil density. Among the disadvantages of this type of aggregates should be attributed the increase in turning radii, as a result of the increase in width. It is possible to eliminate this shortcoming by quickly transferring the unit from the working position to the transport position and vice versa. To fulfill this task, a review of known designs of wide-grip aggregates was carried out. Known hydraulic drives for raising and lowering and folding and unfolding sections are considered. A kinematic diagram of the mechanism of rotation of the extreme section of the cultivator relative to the frame has been developed. Based on this calculation scheme, the reactions in the hinges were determined and the graphical dependencies of the mutual location of individual elements with respect to the angle of rotation φ were calculated. The existing hydraulic positioning mechanisms, which are equipped with chainless wide-grip machines and tools with articulated frames, do not provide the necessary maneuvering properties of MTA during their movement on the turning lane. Equipping hydroficated positioning mechanisms with follower stabilizing devices is a promising direction for improving hydraulic drives of machine-tractor units, which create prerequisites for reducing the turnaround time on the turning lane by selecting the parameters of the specified equipment. The most important factor affecting the stability of the positioning of the sections of wide-grip machine-tractor units is the variable load that occurs on the hydraulic cylinder rod at the moment of turning the sections around the horizontal hinges at an angle of more than 90⸰, which causes inconsistency in the flows of the working fluid entering and leaving the hydraulic cylinder , which leads to the interruption of the flow in the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, which is connected to the injection hydraulic line.

Влияние энергозатрат на формирование рационального машинно-тракторного парка

In the modern period, the structure of enterprises engaged in the production of agricultural products differs significantly from each other. The main differences include the presence, contour and condition of sown areas, as well as the composition and quality condition of the machine and tractor fleet. This can be explained by the fact that, along with enterprises that have large acreage and an energy-saturated machine and tractor fleet, small peasant farms (KFH) also participate in the production of agricultural products and the formation of the gross regional product in terms of the size of the acreage and the composition of the machine and tractor fleet. At the same time, they make a significant contribution to the production of gross domestic product. Thus, in the Amur region, the share of agricultural enterprises from all agricultural products produced in the region in the total volume accounts for up to 25 ... 28 percent. Thus, in the current production conditions, the issue of rational selection and formation of a machine and tractor fleet that would be optimal for both large agricultural holdings and small farms becomes particularly relevant. At the same time, when forming a machine and tractor fleet, the most responsible is the financial component, since the cost part, of course, is not comparable between large agricultural enterprises with high production volumes and small farms. If we analyze the market of agricultural machinery offered by manufacturers, it is very diverse both in price value and technological efficiency, and in energy saturation. Therefore, for the rational selection of the composition of the machine-tractor fleet and the train of machines, it is necessary to apply various methods based on the financial capabilities of a particular agricultural enterprise and other components of the production process. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting and forming a machine and tractor fleet, which is based on the use of energy consumption through the profitability coefficient, as an indicator that is most independent of market conditions. Keywords: MACHINE AND TRACTOR FLEET, ENERGY RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PROFITABILITY, PROFITABILITY COEFFICIENT, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY

Production as a link in the market of agricultural machinery for crop farming in Ukraine

The production of agricultural machinery and equipment in Ukraine is one of the main sources of supplying the market with resources and facilities for agricultural production, but as of 2023, it does not fully meet its needs. According to the relevance of the subject matter, the purpose of the study was to investigate the trends in the development of the agricultural engineering industry in Ukraine in dynamics, the impact of military operations on it, and to work out effective ways to overcome their negative consequences. The following methods were used: dialectical, statistical and economic, graphical, index, correlation and regression analysis, empirical, comparative analysis, analytical forecasting, abstract logical, etc. The principles of regional placement of agricultural engineering enterprises are defined, depending on the availability of raw materials, energy and labour resources. The structure of enterprises in the industry by category is determined – most of them are small enterprises (85.8-91.5%), but the majority are employed by medium-sized enterprises (59.1-79.3%). Due to military operations, the number of active enterprises in the industry has decreased by about 30 units. The trend of reducing the production of tractors, combine harvesters, and some types of tillage machines in Ukraine and the reasons for its occurrence are revealed. The prospects of production of sowing equipment in Ukraine are substantiated. The index of identified comparative advantages of different countries by individual types of machinery is analysed, and it is found that in Ukraine only tillage machinery has a high level of advantages – 1.802 and has optimistic prospects for development. The paper defines a close correlation between the export and production of tractors in Ukraine in 2010-2021 (the corresponding correlation coefficient – 0.8982). Problems that hinder the development of the agricultural machinery industry are identified: inflation, disruption of logistics links and loss of suppliers, high prices for energy resources, etc. Recommendations for overcoming them are proposed: creating favourable investment conditions; implementing protectionist customs and tax policies for industry enterprises; evacuating them from the war zone. The proposed measures will contribute to the restoration, preservation, and progressive innovative development of the potential of agricultural engineering un Ukraine

The agricultural machinery market for crop production and prospects for its development in the postwar period

Due to the hostilities, the largest losses in the agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy were caused by the loss of agricultural machinery – 20.9% of it was destroyed or damaged. Therefore, ensuring the effective functioning of the market for agricultural machinery is a key factor in restoring the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises. The research aims to investigate the current state of the agricultural machinery market and the impact of military operations on it and to identify effective ways of its development. The following methods were used in the study: dialectical method of scientific knowledge, monographic, statistical, and economic, economic and mathematical, expert evaluation, and graphical. The general trend towards a decrease in the share of households with certain types of machinery in 2015-2022 is determined. Disproportions between large and small forms of management in the provision of machinery, as well as restrictions on access to financial resources for small agricultural enterprises, have been identified. The study identified a general decline in the size of the Ukrainian machinery market due to the loss of production capacity in the east and south of the country. Imports of agricultural machinery – tractors by 57.0%, combine harvesters by 30.0%, seeders by 33.8%, disc harrows by 45.1%, and cultivators by 38.9% – also decreased significantly in quantitative terms. The analysis of state support for agricultural machinery and agricultural enterprises is carried out. A forecast of the development of the agricultural machinery market for crop production under positive and negative scenarios, including risks and challenges that may arise during and after military operations, is made. Recommendations for the development of the market of agricultural machinery for crop production have been developed, including implementation of the state’s protectionist policy; preservation of human resources; evacuation of agricultural machinery enterprises from the war zone; simplification of business to stimulate investment activity; state support for small farms, etc. The implementation of these recommendations will help restore the effective functioning of the agricultural machinery market and the logistics of agricultural production in Ukraine

European Green Deal: Study of the Combined Agricultural Aggregate

The modern world industry involves the use of innovative approaches and optimisations of the existing agricultural management methods, which contribute to the implementation of the sustainable development of related industries and economies of different countries. The use of mobile agricultural units with extended functional properties can have a steady demand in the agricultural machinery market and contribute to the practical implementation of the philosophy of the “European Green Deal”. The research results show that when assembling a unit for mowing agricultural crops with simultaneous grinding and placing their stubble in the soil, preference should be given to a self-propelled machine with rear swivel wheels. When using a wheeled tractor, it must have a reversible control post and a reversible transmission. A mathematical model of the collecting unit was developed, which allows for obtaining the corresponding amplitude and phase frequency characteristics and, with their help, the stability of the horizontal movement was evaluated. According to the results of field studies, the dispersion of the angle of directional oscillation of the tractor with front-steered wheels was 4.48 grad2. For the tractor with rear-steered wheels, the value of this statistical parameter was 2.90 grad2, which, according to the F-test at the level of statistical significance of 0.05, is naturally lower.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЫНКА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

With the intensification of sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation, the withdrawal of many manufacturers from the Russian markets, the policy of import substitution has acquired particular importance in the country.
 The purpose of the study is to assess the problems and prospects for the development of the Russian agricultural machinery market in the context of sanctions and import substitution policies, to make proposals for the establishment of domestic production of agricultural machinery.
 The authors of the work studied the market of agricultural machinery in Russia, highlighted its features and analyzed the indicators of its functioning, and also determined the impact of geopolitical instability on it. In addition, the study examined the factors that have a negative impact on the agricultural machinery market, developed and made multi-aspect proposals to accelerate the establishment of domestic production of agricultural machinery.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ РИНКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

The article considers and analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scholars on the theoretical definition of the market in general and the agricultural machinery market in particular, and forms a critical assessment of their statements. A detailed analysis of the place of each subject of market relations and their impact on the functioning of the market is carried out. The author emphasizes the special place occupied by financial institutions and agricultural producers in market relations. The author emphasizes the need to direct the efforts of agricultural machinery market participants to ensure the most favorable conditions for the activities of agricultural enterprises as the main source of effective activity of each of the participants. The essence of the market is defined through its functions and principles. In modern conditions, the market performs the following functions: intermediary, pricing, information, regulatory, stimulating, and health-improving. The principles on which the market economy is based are: the principle of freedom of economic and entrepreneurial activity of an individual, family, social group, enterprise in all spheres of life within the framework of the rule of law; the principle of state regulation of the market and market relations; the principle of market pricing; the principle of contractual relations; the principle of openness of the economy; the principle of competition. The development and formation of the agricultural machinery market is influenced by historical processes, as well as by socio-economic factors which define it as an integral system of interdependent components which are united for one purpose - to make a profit. Based on a critical assessment of the definition of the essence of the category “market”, analysis of research by classical and contemporary economists, both domestic and foreign, the concept of the agricultural machinery market should be interpreted as a set of relations between producers, sellers (dealers), financial institutions, logistics companies and the State, on the one hand, and buyers, on the other, regarding the purchase, operation and repair of agricultural machinery to maximize the economic effect of all parties to the relations.

A Study on the Relationship between “Managerial Decision Making” and “Factors Influencing Innovation Success” in Japanese Niche Top Firms

In Japan, there is a niche top company in the mower category of the agricultural machinery market, Company O, which has continued to grow by creating a series of new products that did not exist in the market. In this study, we report the results of our research on Company O, a niche top company, and how they have controlled the factors that affect the growth of the company in the innovation process and how the management has been involved in controlling these factors in order to create innovation in their products and market growth. We report the results of our research and discussion on how managers have been involved in the control of these factors and in decision making.

Analysis of the state of the machine and tractor fleet of Northern Kazakhstan

The article presents an analysis of the state of the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises in the North Kazakhstan region and the pace of its renewal for 2015-2021, which showed a positive trend. According to the literature review, the solution to the problem of achieving food security in Kazakhstan is directly related to the level of technical equipment of farmers, the modernization of agricultural machinery, and the formation and development of the agricultural machinery market. Despite the successful implementation of various government programs, there are still many unresolved problems in updating the agriculture infrastructure and developing the agro-industrial complex's material and technical base. The study of the fleet of the main types of agricultural machinery in Northern Kazakhstan made it possible to determine the positive dynamics. For 2015-2021, the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises in the North Kazakhstan region was updated with 15,517 pieces. Thus, the total number of main types of agricultural machinery for farmers in the North Kazakhstan region at the beginning of 2022 is 155,275 units.

EVALUATION OF ENERGY INDICATORS OF GRUNDING AGGREGATE

The analysis of tools for uncultivated and surface tillage shows that the market of agricultural machinery lacks universal units that can reliably and efficiently perform both types of tillage with one machine. To assess the validity of the unit baseline model, field studies were conducted, during which key agronomic indicators of tillage quality were identified. Studies have shown that the rate of uncultivated soil exceeds 6.5 km / h, and the degree of soil cracking - more than 80%. At small tillage to a depth of 12 cm at operating speeds over 7.0 km / h. The use of additional working bodies will allow to form on the basis of the basic model of the unit narrower options for a particular car. The optimal design parameters of the proposed plowing unit, in addition to the plow width of 4.5 m, include rollers of the same width to level the plow surface and the capacity of the fertilizer hopper 4 m3. Technical parameters in the process: plow depth α = 0.2 m, soil resistance coefficient Km = 30 kN/m2, working area Lp = 1000 m. surface treatment will reduce yields. The energy model of functioning of the agricultural subdivision is presented. Studies have shown that by optimizing the ratio of tractor weight to engine power, you can increase the productivity of agricultural units. For stubble cultivation with a normal humidity of 8 km / h, with a permissible slip of 10%, the optimal parameters for a class 1.4 wheeled tractor will be the working weight m = 4790 kg and engine power N = 69.0 kW. In this case, the thrust will correspond to the 2nd thrust class.

State Aid for Development of Manufacture of Agricultural Machinery: Economic and Statistical Aspect

The world practice of state support of agricultural machinery is studied. Features of dualistic agro-industrial policy of China are identified. It is substantiated that the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery, which has been implemented by the Chinese government since 2004, has also had an extensive impact on the promotion and development of agricultural mechanization, development of agricultural machinery and improvement of economic results, scaling up of services for agricultural sector; activation of related industries: the development of companies that specialize in construction and road equipment, the production of engineering products for agricultural sector. The evolution of state support is shown: changes in the priorities of industry development and the number of subsidies for the purchase of equipment, the development of which is encouraged. It is established that the support of decision-making on the implementation of state support is provided by scientific institutions, relevant associations, information and analytical agencies. It is shown that the generated statistical databases allow to analyze the scale and structure of sales of machinery to farmers with state subsidies (by categories, manufacturers, regions), calculate China's agricultural machinery market sentiment index (AMI), among the components of which - Agricultural Machinery Subsidy Index.
 It is stated that on the initiative of the National Committee for Industrial Development a mechanism of partial compensation of the cost of machinery and equipment for agro-industrial complex, which has a certain level of localization of production in Ukraine, was launched in Ukraine in 2017. Summing up the results of the implementation of this mechanism for the national economy are presented. The necessity of expanding state support is substantiated: introduction of incentives for technological innovations of enterprises and partial compensation of interest on loans for the purchase of Ukrainian made agricultural machinery. Following the example of China, it is proposed to improve the mechanism of partial compensation by adjusting the upper limit of aid intensity in accordance with the cost of machinery and equipment for farmers and its innovation. It is substantiated that the lack of multifaceted monitoring of the implementation of the partial compensation mechanism makes it impossible to assess its consequences for machine builders, farmers and the economy as a whole (primarily in terms of the effects obtained). The introduction of statistical and information-analytical support for the implementation of the state aid mechanism in Ukraine will facilitate both timely control and management decisions-making on future support by the state, and the strategic business planning of farmers and machine builders.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ТРЕНДИ НА РИНКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ТЕХНІКИ В УКРАЇНІ

The purpose of research: to substantiate regional trends in the sale of agricultural machinery by analyzing the current state of the agricultural machinery market over the past three years. Research methods: analysis of sales of agricultural machinery based on information and results of analytical research provided by the regional site for the sale of machinery. The site for the sale of agricultural machinery in Kyiv region with a share of about 30% of the market in this region was taken for analysis. Research results. The research was conducted for the last three years (2020-2022. During 2020-2021, the following results were obtained, in particular: - tractors - an increase of about 50 %; - combines - a decrease of 15 %; - sprayers - reduction by 5 %; - seeders - an increase of 30 %; - tillage equipment - a decrease of 5 %; - storage bunkers and trailers - an increase of 35 %. During the 1st half of 2022, sales of all types of equipment decreased from 50 to 100 % compared to 2021. Conclusion. The market of agricultural machinery in Ukraine developed rapidly until 2022 and despite the peak of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in 2021 in Ukraine, the market of agricultural machinery continued to grow significantly sales of machinery for various groups of machines. With the onset of a full-scale Russian invasion, Ukraine's economy declined significantly, which also affected the agricultural machinery market. Sales in some groups of machines fell to 0. Only some types of machines, such as tractors from 20 to 135 hp, and tillage equipment (3-5 plows and harrows) had better result than other equipment. Most of the equipment sold in 2022 was domestic (sprayers, plows 3-5 housings, harrows with a width of 2-3 meters), except for tractors where in the above segment significantly added and lead Chinese manufacturers, displacing other manufacturers. The novelty of the article is for the first-time comparative sales of agricultural machinery in three years during the peak of the pandemic and war, and the ratio was different for different types of equipment and the ratio for the share of imported and domestic equipment for different groups of machines. Key words: agricultural machinery, machinery market, trends of agricultural machinery.

CHOOSING A REASONABLE GRIP WIDTH OF ROTARY RAKES WITH CONTROLLED RAKES

It is advisable to use rotary rakes with controlled rakes for raking hay in the windrows. On the agricultural machinery market of Ukraine, foreign companies offer models of rotary rakes with controlled rakes, which differ in the width of the grip from 2.8 to 14.0 m, the number of rotors and other features. This creates difficulties in choosing a rake with a rational width of grip. It is possible to choose the rational width of the rake, based on the estimated volume of hay harvesting in the farm and operational costs of money for the performance of mechanized work. It is obvious that with a rational grip width of the rake, operating costs will be minimal. The purpose of the work is to reduce operating costs when harvesting hay by developing an algorithm for choosing a rational rake width with controlled rakes. It was established that the given operating costs for hay raking decrease as the width of the catch increases from 3 to 6 m. At a width of 5-7 m, the minimum values are taken, and with further growth, the width of the grip increases. This is explained by the fact that with a small grip width of rakes, they have low productivity, which leads to relatively high operating costs. The increase in specific operating costs with a width of more than 6 m is associated with an increase in the cost of the rake. In order to reduce the cost of hay, it is advisable to use a rake with a width of 5 to 7 m for its raking. The necessary width of the rake can also be selected based on the estimated amount of hay harvested. Graphical dependences of the change in standard rake production (product of productivity per standard annual loading) on the width of the grip were obtained. It has been established that under the condition of one-time use of a rake with a grip width of 7 m, it will allow harvesting from 2,500 to 2,800 tons of hay per year.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION TYPE GST-90

As you know, one of the areas of development of modern agricultural machinery is to expand their functionality, increase capacity and productivity. The solution to this problem is possible through the use of powerful small-sized drives - namely hydraulic drives. These properties of the drive of this type have become crucial for its widespread use in agricultural machinery. Today, the hydraulic drive is used to drive the working bodies of machines, and as the drive of the main movement of self-propelled agricultural machines. The main hydraulic unit that drives a self-propelled agricultural machine is a hydrostatic transmission. Significant competition in the market of self-propelled agricultural machinery has led to an increase in the level of technical requirements for both agricultural machinery in general and hydrostatic transmissions operating in their composition. At the same time, further increase of energy saving and economic efficiency becomes especially important. The solution of the set tasks is greatly facilitated by further hydrofication of the drives and working bodies of agricultural machines. The most successful solution to this problem is the use of a hydrostatic drive, a typical representative of which are hydrostatic transmissions such as GST-90. The analysis of theoretical researches is carried out, the design of the stand for carrying out experimental researches for the purpose of confirmation of results of mathematical modeling is offered. Measuring and recording equipment for conducting a physical experiment is described. The coincidence of the results of experimental studies of hydrostatic transmissions with the results of computer simulation based on the developed mathematical model confirms its adequacy and correctness of the assumptions. Due to this, it is possible to recommend using the results of mathematical modeling in the design of new designs of hydrostatic transmissions.

The use of small-sized tractors in agriculture

The most complex and expensive machines on the agricultural machinery market are tractors and combines. The number of agricultural tractors produced in Russia in 2019 amounted to 3,798 units, but only 38.7 of them are domestic, and 61.3% are foreign cars assembled in Russia. All tractors are classified according to purpose, type of propulsion unit and type of frame. By the type of mover, wheeled and tracked tractors are the most common. Wheeled tractors are easy to manufacture, operate, maintain, have a lower cost, and are more versatile. Caterpillar tractors, in turn, are more effective on waterlogged and loose soils, since, due to the larger support area, they have less impact on the ground. The share of small-scale enterprises in gross agricultural production in 2020 increased to 14.3% due to the implementation of state programs for the development of small agribusiness. This category of farms produces about a third of the total volume of grain - 39.4 million tons. Despite the significant role of small-scale enterprises in the agricultural economy of Russia, this category of farms is not sufficiently provided with the necessary agricultural machinery, such as small tractors with the necessary attachments. Moreover, the demand for domestically produced mini tractors is growing every year due to their versatility, operational reliability and ease of maintenance. The lack of mini-tractors in the consumer market forces farmers to use tractors of traction class 1.4 and 2 in the production of products, which leads to excessive pressure on the ground, its overcompaction and destruction of the structure. In addition, on small-area fields with difficult terrain for the operation of equipment, it is impossible to fully implement the efficiency of tractors of this traction class. These factors substantiate the need for further development and manufacture of mini-tractors, taking into account existing global trends, such as the use of artificial intelligence, which includes decision support systems, expert systems, autonomous robots and robotic systems, as well as unmanned units.

Study of structural imbalances in agricultural engineering

The authors emphasized that the development of the agricultural machinery industry is inextricably linked with the development of agricultural production, and consequently, changes in land use forms and the development of agricultural science, which, in turn, are conditioned by the current socio-political conditions and progress in the field of agricultural knowledge. It is proved that the impetus for the development of domestic agricultural machinery is the agricultural holdings. The authors focused on the fact that state support and regulation of the agricultural machinery market was proposed by stimulating the renewal of the technical park through the improvement of financial leasing, the reduction in the cost of medium- and long-term loans, and the improvement of the procedures for putting equipment into operation. It is noted that in order to preserve the process of updating the machine and tractor fleet and high-tech equipment in agriculture, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of state programs to support domestic agricultural enterprises, which will allow the restoration of their financial viability, and this in turn will serve as an impetus to the development of the market of agricultural machinery due to the growing demand for technical means.

МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОІГСТИЧНИЙ БІЗНЕС В СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The article analyzes the current trends of the international transport and logistics business in the system of international economic security. The development of the integration of the world economy and the globalization of business contribute to the creation of international logistics systems and global supply chains. The article highlights the main directions of increasing the efficiency of supply chain management and indicates the sources of increasing the efficiency of this process. The key negative aspects that prevent the effective functioning of international transport and logistics systems have been identified. A comparison is made between the traditional approach to production and the logistic approach, when the manufacturer starts production only when a specific order is received. The inventory management system of the seller is characterized. An overview of modern trends in the international transport and logistics business was carried out, in particular: increasing turnover while shortening delivery times, increasing investments in logistics startups by venture funds, customization, the use of multimodal transport and logistics centers, ecological logistics, etc. The main directions in which digital logistics centers can help logistics companies to achieve success are determined, in particular, it was determined that success will be achieved through the use of the method of «postponement» or «delayed product differentiation», the organization of e-commerce logistics, containerization, increasing the share of direct express deliveries from the producer to the consumer, bypassing intermediaries and intermediate warehouses, electronic exchange of data and various information, the growth of the agricultural machinery market, the use of multimodal transport and logistics centers, as well as clear planning of supply chains, flexibility, management of stocks and volumes. Also, a hypothesis was put forward about the emergence of a new term «logtech company», which includes not only the creation of new technologies, but also new logistics business models based on the joint use (shared use) of transportation.

Методичні підходи до формування програми забезпечення надійності сільськогосподарської техніки

Modern trends in agriculture involve the use of the latest reliable equipment. The specified requirements are met by samples of equipment manufactured by well-known global and domestic machine-building plants. A part of the agricultural machinery market of Ukraine is occupied by means for preparing and distributing fodder. The effectiveness of the use of agricultural machinery depends on the existing regulatory and technical documentation for its operation and measures to ensure reliability. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of the operation of agricultural machinery due to the formation and implementation of the Program for ensuring its reliability. The stages of the Program for ensuring the reliability of means for preparing and distributing fodder at the stage of operation and maintenance are presented. The main components of the implementation stages of the Reliability Assurance Program have been established. The need to study the operational reliability of machines as complex technical systems using quantitative calculation methods is confirmed. Recommendations for increasing the reliability of means for preparing and distributing fodder are defined: training of personnel engaged in their installation and operation, maintenance and repair; organization of the reliability information collection system; maintenance and repair system provision; research into the causes of failures of repaired objects; functioning of the automated control of the facility's technical condition.