Ukrainian Market Research Articles

Web Application “Taxi Service Search System” as Processes Digitalisation Element оn the Taxi Market

Information technology and its use have become an important factor in the development of various sectors of the economy, science, education, and transport. The taxi market is one of the industries that has experienced a significant impact of digitalisation. The introduction of digital (information) technologies, the emergence of web applications for ordering transport, changes in consumer preferences, and increased competition have led to significant changes in this sector. The purpose of the article is to analyse and study the problems of developing software for a relevant web application (as an element of digitalisation of processes in the taxi market) and its use to optimise the business processes of a taxi service and increase the level of satisfaction (comfort) of customers who make an online taxi order and receive the corresponding transport service. The research methods of the study are the main methodological approaches and technological tools for developing web applications. These methods include, in particular: systemic and comparative analyses to identify the features of creating scalable and high-performance web applications; the method of expert assessments, which involves analysing literature and information resources, conducting interviews and surveys of experts, as well as the processes of developing and testing scalable and high-performance web applications. The novelty of the study is the analysis of modern technologies for developing platforms for supporting business processes in the taxi market, the results of which can be used to develop an in-house software product for supporting taxi services, which can become a full-fledged assistant to the user in obtaining the appropriate transport service for passenger or freight transportation. The conclusion of the study is to determine the impact of digitalisation on the taxi market. The paper analyses the state of the taxi market in Ukraine, reviews the main modes of operation of taxi services, and highlights the main transformations that the taxi market has undergone as a result of digitalisation and the use of relevant information technologies. The paper identifies the main success factors and problems of the taxi market in the context of digitalisation and proposes solutions to increase the competitiveness of taxi services, including, in particular: improving existing or developing new digital platforms for the provision of services by taxi services; adapting existing web services to changes in consumer preferences; adapting business processes of taxi services to changes in consumer preferences. The author’s web application “Taxi Service Search System” is described as an element of digitalisation of the taxi market. Further ways to improve the web application “Taxi Service Search System” are identified.

STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES FOR DIGITISATION OF THE UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

The purpose of the paper is to identify the strategic imperatives of the pharmaceutical industry in the context of the development of the digital economy. Inclusion of the pharmaceutical industry in the list of priority sectors of the economy will help attract state investment support for production and increase the number of jobs. This will help to prevent a collapse in the supply of medicines and medical devices to the healthcare system and ensure their uninterrupted production and supply to the end consumer. The population of Ukraine will have access to quality medicines and medical products. Methodology. The article presents an analysis of the indicators of the pharmaceutical industry for the period 2019-2023. These include the volume of import and export of pharmaceutical products, the structure of the main marketing organisations in the pharmaceutical market, leading drugs in terms of sales volume on the Ukrainian market, the structure of sales of "pharmacy basket" products, and the volume of hospital supplies in terms of funding sources. This paper analyses the main trends of digitisation in the pharmaceutical industry at the global level and in Ukraine in particular. A SWOT analysis was conducted to assess the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine. The analysis focused on identifying the key factors that contribute to the successful development of e-commerce in the pharmaceutical industry. Results. The publication identifies the main positive and negative manifestations of digitalisation of the pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine and the factors that hinder its development. Practical implications. Thus, the introduction of digitalisation tools in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry is an important step towards improving its competitiveness. The deployment of smart manufacturing systems makes it possible to produce medicines faster and more accurately. Such technological solutions can help to optimise the supply chain, which is important for the pharmaceutical industry, where the accuracy and speed of supply of medicines is critical. The use of digital technologies improves control over the safety of pharmaceutical products and increases production efficiency. Automation of business processes through the use of AI, VR, AR, cloud computing, big data, etc. can help reduce production costs and improve product quality. However, the implementation of digitalisation technologies in the pharmaceutical industry also requires significant investments and qualified personnel, which may temporarily reduce competitiveness due to higher prices for finished products.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES MARKET DEVELOPMENT

The article studies the problems and prospects of the financial derivatives market development. Globalizing the economic space contributes to transforming the stock market into the principal source of capital allocation. Still, the current conditions of the derivatives market in Ukraine do not correspond to the needs of the national economy, which requires strengthening the regulation of their activities to ensure the hedging of risks of market participants. The article analyses the dynamics of derivatives trading in the global exchange market, assesses the dynamics of world exchange trading in financial derivatives, and analyses the turnover of OTC derivatives in the EU. It also studies the dynamic changes in the amounts paid under the terms of contracts for derivative securities in the world by maturity, region and industry sector; the dynamics of options and futures trading in the global exchange market. In this analysis, we examine the trading volumes of derivatives within the financial market of Ukraine. We estimate the volume of trading within both exchange and over-the-counter markets, and present the dynamics of exchange contracts as well as the share of financial instrument trading in the securities market. The factors hindering the development of the derivatives market in Ukraine are identified. These factors include legislative shortcomings, the current level of derivatives market infrastructure, and the current state of development of the underlying asset markets. The article also analyses the derivatives market and provides prospects for its development. To ensure the future development of the financial derivatives market in Ukraine, it is essential to take certain measures. These include comprehensive regulation of the derivatives market, ensuring the operation of regulated markets and building their infrastructure, and introducing appropriate instruments to protect participants and hedge risks.

Stone fruit crops market development in Ukraine and throughout the world

he current state of the stone fruit market in Ukraine, the price situation, and the development of foreign trade are analyzed. The issue of production and sale of fruits in the world is considered. It has been established that peaches and nectarines occupy the first place among stone fruits in terms of world production. China is the leader among world producers of stone fruits. It was determined that the needs of the population of Ukraine in stone fruits relative to the consumption rate, due to its low paying demand, are met by only 70%. Due to the concentration of the main production of these fruits in households, there is differentiation in the level of consumption. After all, the chaotic nature of their production and sale cannot ensure uniformity and sufficiency. In our opinion, Ukrainian stone fruits remain less competitive in terms of prices than imported ones due to undeveloped infrastructure and insufficient government support for the horticulture market. The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of the formation of the conjuncture of the global and domestic stone fruit market and further development prospects. The variability of the market of stone fruits is manifested in the change of its conjuncture. The study of the latter was carried out based on a set of economic indicators divided into groups: production, internal turnover, foreign trade, price. In the process of research, the dialectical method of understanding market processes and the systematic approach, analytical generalizations, statistical comparison, constructive-calculation, abstract-logical method were used. It was established that the structure and saturation of the stone fruit market is insufficiently efficient and requires an additional expansion of the quality product offer to meet the needs of consumers. The basis for this should be an increase in production volumes by horticultural enterprises. This requires additional state support, in particular for solving pricing, investment, lending and insurance issues. The problem of selling stone fruits remains acute. This is due to the insufficient development of the processing industry and the lack of storage facilities for enterprises. This limits the formation of marketable batches of fruits for export. We believe that in the near future, in order to optimally meet the needs of consumers with fruits, it is necessary to develop a long-term program for the development of the internal market of stone fruits. It is necessary to take into account the possibilities of financial state support of the horticulture industry and forecast indicators of demand provision. Key words: market, stone fruits, consumption, supply, demand, export, import, price.

OTT Platforms as a Means of Distributing Cultural and Entertainment Content in Ukraine

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of developing Over-The-Top platforms, which provide access to digital content via the Internet, bypassing traditional cable and satellite television and play an important role in the distribution of cultural and entertainment content to society. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and practical recommendations for organizing OTT platforms as a means of distributing cultural and entertainment content on the Internet. The methodological basis of the study is the systematic, interdisciplinary and historical approaches to the study of information and communication processes in the socio-cultural sphere. Results. The history of the origin of OTT services and the experience of their use at the global level are studied. The main OTT platforms in the Ukrainian market are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are identified. The trends and prospects for the development of OTT in Ukraine are studied and the factors influencing their popularity are identified. The most popular and convenient platforms that provide the highest quality content in accordance with its cost are highlighted. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the generalization, systematization and development of the main theoretical provisions on the organization of OTT platforms in Ukraine, taking into account the factors of modern influence. The significance of the study is manifested in the development of scientific and practical recommendations that will contribute to the development of ways to distribute cultural and entertainment content through OTT services. The obtained results identify and analyze the main trends in content distribution, indicate the directions of modernization and adaptation of services for their owners.

Analysing the Nexus: Stock Indices and Cryptocurrencies During the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine

Background: The global economy faced increased instability due to the simultaneous occurrence of two major events, the global pandemic in 2020 and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2022, which impacted the financial markets. Purpose: This paper aimed to evaluate the comovements between the USA (S&P 500), Germany (DAX 30), France (CAC40), Japan (Nikkei 225), Canada (TSX), Russia (MOEX) and Ukraine (PFTS) stock markets and the cryptocurrencies Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Litcoin (LTC) Dash (DASH/USD), Ripple (XRP) DigiByte (DGB) and Nem (XEM), from February 24, 2022, to April 12, 2023 Methods: The approach to our research question will involve using the causality econometric model, Granger SVAR (Vector Autoregressive). Results: The results showed that stock indices and digital currencies show sharp structural breaks, and not all markets influence cryptocurrencies. The MOEX stock market affects the price formation of BTC, ETH, DGB, XEM, and XRP, while the DAX 30 stock index impacts ETH, LTC, DASH, DGB, and XEM. The Ukraine market (PFTS) influences ETH, but the other stock markets do not influence any of the cryptocurrencies analysed. Conclusion: Investors, policymakers, and other participants operating in the digital currency markets can find valuable information in the study's conclusions when seeking to rebalance their portfolios.

ЧИ ПОТРІБНЕ УКРАЇНІ СПЕЦИФІЧНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ РИЗИКІВ У СТРАХУВАННІ?

Introduction. The article examines the specifics and role of genetic information for insurance risk assessment in the life insurance market in Ukraine. Problem Statement. The insurance market developments of different countries are increasingly characterized by the adoption of specific regulations regarding the features and conditions of use of genetic information. Therefore, the issue of regulating the rights and obligations of all participants in insurance relations regarding the use of such information of future owners of insurance policies for underwriting in insurance requires a comprehensive solution taking into account the interests of all parties. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the necessity of application of specific regulations on the insurance market, specifically in the field of using genetic data for insurance purposes. Methods. The sources of materials were scientific publications, analytical studies, as well as legislation in the field of regulation of the use of genetic information for the assessment of insurance risks. The research paper used the following empirical methods, such as analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization. Results. The results show that currently some risks exist in Ukraine: firstly, the genetic discrimination, since most life insurance companies are interested in the genetic information of policyholders, and can request it from any third parties: therefore, there is a possibility of using it to assess insurance risk; secondly, an information asymmetry, which is a consequence of greater awareness of insurance companies about the insurance risks than that of the policyholders. After all, policyholders may not inform the insurance company about all the genetic data (for example, the results of genetic studies) that describe their genetic predisposition to future changes in health. Conclusions. This study substantiated factors which confirm the relevance of introducing legislative regulation regarding the use of genetic information (including the results of genetic analyzes) for underwriting in insurance.

SAFETY OF TETRACYCLINES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products of the tetracycline class have been most widely used for many years in the veterinary practice, both in Ukraine and in European countries, the USA, Canada, etc. Teteracyclynes have a wide-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia and protozoan parasites and are successfully used for the treatment of infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, skin and urogenital infections. Antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products of this class belong to AMEG category D, which is the safest in terms of impact on public health. Tetracyclines are low cost agents, are not high toxic when used in animals, which justifies their frequent choice for empirical treatment. During the monitoring of sales volumes for 2016-2021, antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products of the tetracycline class occupied the largest share among all antimicrobials entering the market in Ukraine (25.9-39.4)%. Most frequently, these veterinary medicinal products are intended for oral administration, but since their low bioavailability (5-15)%, they are excreted from the body almost unchanged. However, there is a danger of the development of tetracyclines resistance and a hazard to the environment and public health, which is explained by the frequent use of this class substances, the permission of large amounts into the soil with manure and water following drinkers washing after the treatment. Tetracyclines are poorly metabolized, and their long-term use in veterinary practice contributes to the bioaccumulation of significant amounts in soil and water. The main goal of this study were the analysis of veterinary medicinal products containing tetracyclines which were authorized in Ukraine by the category of active substances and route of administration. Another problem of this article was to substantiate the impact of tetracycline class antibiotics on the environment and the acquired antimicrobial resistance in the view of the necessity of their reasonable and safety use for the animals treatment, taking into account the requirements of the current legislation in Ukraine and EU member states. The results of the study proved that antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products containing chlortetracycline, mainly for oral administration, prevail in Ukraine. The bias of this monitoring is the lack information on the volumes of their use in farms and for individual animal species. Although the tetracycline class antibiotics do not belong to persistent bio accumulative toxic substances (PBT), their long-term and widespread use causes concern in view of the possible acquiring antimicrobial resistance and harmful effects on the environment, which will have an impact on public health. It is necessary to introduce regulatory measures to limitation and optimal use of these compounds in veterinary medicine. It is also necessary to deliver information among stakeholders about the possible negative impact on the environment and plan activities to prevent the development of acquired antimicrobial resistance to the tetracycline class antibiotics.

PROCESS OF UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL SECTOR INSTUTIONALIZATION AND ROLE OF CORPORATE SECURITIES MARKET

This article deals with the characteristics of the institutionalization process of the financial sector in Ukraine and the role of the corporate securities market in it. It is determined that the modern domestic financial sector is characterized by significant institutional imbalances, primarily due to the insufficient effectiveness of state policy in this area. For many years, banks have been the key players in the domestic financial sector, which significantly reduced the level of financial inclusion. The development of non-banking financial institutions has been fragmentary, significantly undermining public trust in the financial sector. In particular, this concerns the activities of credit unions in Ukraine, where the market volumes of private pension provision have been minimal for a long time. Some existing institutional imbalances were overcome through the rapid digitalization of certain segments of the financial market, but the overall level of financial inclusion remains low. The process of institutionalization of the domestic financial market occurred against the background of the weakness of the corporate securities market. The article notes that this situation was a consequence of the lack of interest from joint-stock companies in market methods of capital attraction. Along with this, domestic financial institutions are not interested in investing in corporate securities. Thus, the reluctance of public corporations to place their securities on the market coincides with a peculiar investment strategy of financial institutions. As a result, the volumes of the primary corporate securities market in Ukraine are minimal (especially in the stock market), and government securities dominate the secondary market for a long time. This situation poses a series of threats to Ukraine's economic development and requires appropriate actions from the state aimed at the activation of the corporate securities market. It can now be stated that domestic public corporations are non-competitive in the global financial space, which destructively affects their market positions.

Pricing in the medical sector: Theoretical foundations and practical aspects

Pricing is one of the components of ensuring competitive conditions in the market: it has its own specificity in the healthcare market, which is characterized by various forms of operation of enterprises, access to goods and services. The purpose of the study was to investigate the methods and approaches to this process in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the country’s development related to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. The methods used in the study were formal and legal (to form logical links between individual regulatory documents) and comparison (to assess the specifics of pricing in the medical sector in different countries). The study assessed the pricing process as such and described the factors that influence it in practice in general and in the medical sector. It was also concluded that understanding the role of this process for both the state and potential clients is important, as it affects economic stability, quality of medical services, social justice. Particular attention was paid to such approaches as “cost+markup” and “market-based”. Based on the models built in this paper, it was concluded that these approaches should be used in symbiosis (to focus on both market conditions and the company’s goals for forming a margin). Attention was also paid to the Value-Based Pricing approach: it was concluded that it is inherently different from the other two approaches, as it requires much more complex estimates, since it is based on the expected utility of the created product. The study also highlighted the problem of non-transparent pricing as one of the main ones that prevents the formation of effective market conditions. The results obtained in the study can be used both to formulate public policy and to create strategies for individual companies in the Ukrainian market of medical goods and services

Analysis of local anesthetics side effects and determination of ways for their minimization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the development of side effects of drugs is one of the serious medical problems.The relevance of this problem is proven by numerous statistical data obtained in different countries of the world. The aim of the study was to determine the assortment of local anesthetics (LAs) on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, to analyze the evidence base of the effectiveness and safety of modern LAs, to monitor the side effects (SEs) of LAs in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region for the period 2018–2021, and to provide recommendations for their minimization. The methods of passive pharmacovigilance, method of spontaneous reports, method of system approach and system analysis were used in the study. To analyze the clinical effectiveness and conditions of rational use of LAs, well-known data bases were used: Cochrane Library, Trip Database, and PubMed. These databases contain systematized primary or secondary information on a specific clinical issue: the effectiveness and safety of various medical technologies. The results of the analysis of the assortment of LAs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine showed that in 2023, based on 9 international non-patented names of LAs, 65 trade names were presented. Bupivacaine and procaine drugs (16 trade names each) and articaine drugs in combinations (13 trade names) are market leaders. The results of the analysis of notification cards with cases of SEs for 4 years revealed that the majority of them in the form of dizziness, weakness, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, edema, itching, hyperemia at the site of application were recorded when using lidocaine drugs, which are the most in demand and popular among doctors. According to the data of systematic reviews, the main directions for reducing the side effects of LAs have been established, such as administration under ultrasound control, the use of the least toxic modern anesthetics ropivacaine and levobupivacaine (not available on the Ukrainian market), the addition of substances with vasoconstrictive properties to the anesthetic solution, the use of combinations of long-acting and short-acting anesthetics. The results obtained can be used by practicing doctors and health care organizers to optimize LAs.

Legal terminology in environmental and land law: theoretical-legal analysis

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law and proves the feasibility of its improvement in connection with the adaptation of the norms of national law to the law of the European Union. The article states that today in Ukraine there is significant environmental pollution, climate change, land deterioration, which significantly worsened in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation and caused a particularly dangerous ecological situation in the country. The article proves that the implementation of the principles of the right of citizens to a safe environment, ensuring human safety, protection and rational use of land, forest, water and subsoil resources is not possible without a clear definition of legal prescriptions enshrined in the law. The article states that one of the important aspects of the language of law is legal terminology, which makes it possible to formulate the content of a legal document. The article defines the concepts of “terminology”, “terminology”, “legal terminology”. It is noted that it is not appropriate to equate the concepts of “terminology” and “terminological system”. It has been investigated that despite the presence of established terminology in environmental law, the presence of terms in need of improvement is observed in this field, namely: “ecological law” and “environmental law”. It has been proved that for the purpose of further codification of environmental law, it seems appropriate to use the term “environmental law” as an established term of EU legislation. It has been analyzed that today the language of the law in the field of land relations is gaining importance, which is due to the formation of the land market in Ukraine and the need to adapt the norms of land law to EU law. It is noted that in land law there is a problem of identifying the terms: “land”, “land plot”. It was noted that the legal terms related to the formation of the land market in Ukraine need improvement and detailing. It was concluded that legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the important aspects of the development of the language of law. The issue of improving legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the necessary steps that will contribute to the unification and harmonization of the legal norms of the specified fields in the context of adapting the norms of national law to EU law.

LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A YEAR OF FULL-SCALE WAR

The main purpose of this research article is a comprehensive study of the transformational impact of a full-scale war on the labour market, with a special focus on the challenges posed by labour force dynamics in the context of the Ukrainian economy. Through rigorous analysis and empirical research, the paper aims to identify and highlight the multifaceted changes that occur in the labour market during conflict, shedding light on the complex relationship between war-induced factors and the composition of the labour force. By examining these dynamics, the paper aims to make a valuable contribution to policy and strategic decision-making aimed at mitigating the negative effects of war on the labour market, which will ultimately contribute to sustainable economic recovery and development after the conflict ends. Methodology. This research article uses secondary analysis of data from the State Employment Service, as well as the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The practical implementation of the conclusions outlined in this article involves the formulation of targeted recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of state policy on the labour market in Ukraine, in particular, with a focus on the restoration of human resources in the post-conflict period. Drawing on the findings of a comprehensive analysis of war-induced labour market changes, these practical recommendations aim to offer actionable strategies for policy makers and stakeholders. Emphasising the need for rapid and adaptive interventions, the authors call for evidence-based decision-making to address the identified challenges. The practical implementation of these recommendations aims to guide the development and implementation of policies that will not only mitigate the immediate impact of the war on the labour market, but also contribute to the long-term sustainability and stability of the Ukrainian labour force. Value/Originality. Current trends in the labour market are analysed. The main threats to the labour market of Ukraine and the impact on the supply and demand of labour under martial law are identified. The author proposes to regulate the professional and qualification imbalance in the labour market through the system of advanced training or retraining of employees seeking employment in a profession in demand in the economy; spreading new forms of employment and supporting self-employment; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent conditions and remuneration.

MACROECONOMIC DIMENSION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Information technologies play a crucial role in the modern economic system, acting as a driver for the development of the state. Information technologies are not only one of the most important factors stimulating economic growth but also contribute to the development of society, employment stimulation, and competition enhancement. The information technology market generates a significant portion of the GDP and export revenues. The analysis of the formation and development of the domestic information technology market is a key factor in understanding its importance in shaping the prospects of Ukraine as a digital state. The study analyses the dynamics of the development of the national information technology market, providing a comparative analysis of indicators between the Ukrainian market and several other countries.The article aims to analyse the macroeconomic impact of the information technology market on the development of the national economy, investigating correlation relationships between the rates of economic growth and various indicators both in Ukraine and in EU countries.The article explores the directions of the influence of the national information technology market on the dynamics of economic growth. Based on the conducted analysis, conclusions are drawn about the existence of a direct correlation between the growth of information technology export and GDP growth both in Ukraine and in European Union countries. The correlation between the increase in GDP and the growth of other important indicators in the information technology market, including the number of specialists and investments in scientific research, is analysed. Statistical methods reveal a relatively strong connection between the growth rates of investments in scientific research in the field of information technology and the GDP growth rate. At the same time, the correlation between the growth of the workforce in the information technology market and GDP is somewhat weaker.

Regulatory and legal ensuring the quality of sugar products in Ukraine

Sugar is one of the most important elements of the consumer basket in every country, and the volume of its production is considered as an indicator of the level of its development. Therefore, research and analysis of the current state of the sugar market in Ukraine and the development and application of an adequate legal framework in the sugar industry that meets international requirements is important and relevant. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of effective development of sugar production due to the development and implementation of effective regulatory and legal support, built on the compliance of the quality indicators of sugar products with the requirements of E.S. The article examines the main regulatory and legal documents regarding the determination of compliance of the quality of sugar products in Ukraine with the EU requirements, as well as identifies shortcomings in the legislative base of Ukraine regarding the use of modern methods and means of assessing the quality indicators of sugar products. Prospects for further development of sugar production in Ukraine are considered. It was established that the main ways to increase the economic efficiency of sugar production are to improve its quality, reduce production costs, increase energy efficiency of production and improve sales channels. The main criteria of competitiveness of sugar products in developed countries are considered. Based on the analysis of the main problems, the main production processes were determined, which make it possible to adjust the quality indicators of sugar products not only at the final stage of production, but also throughout the entire technological process of sugar production. At the same time, the problems of defining and unifying requirements for methods and means of determining the quality indicators of sugar products throughout the entire stage of sugar production in the countries with the largest weight in the sugar market were considered. Keywords: standard, regulatory framework, competitiveness, color, sugar quality, sugar factories.

Grain wholesale in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the EU

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of grain wholesale trade in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU. It is determined that the wholesale trade in Ukrainian grain occupies a leading position in the production and export of agricultural products in the world market, and the critical direction of development is Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of Ukraine's grain wholesale trade in the EU market is determined, the volume of grain exports to the EU countries is estimated, fundamental problems are identified, and directions of development of grain wholesale trade in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU are generalized. The article analyses the volumes of grain exports by Ukraine to the EU countries in 2022, including more than 53 million tons of grain: wheat - 20.7 million tons, corn - 26.1 million tons, rye - 314 thousand tons, and 6.6 million tons of other grains. The most significant Ukrainian grain exports were to the EU countries: Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Romania, Poland, Portugal, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, and others. The potential of the grain market in Ukraine is substantiated, and its place in the world rankings of production and export of wheat and corn as the main types of Ukrainian grain is determined. It is determined that the most significant export potential in terms of wheat is in such countries as: Australia with an export-to-production ratio of 79.6%, Argentina - 58.4%, Ukraine - 54.1%, the USA - 46.5%; in terms of corn, it is Ukraine - 96.2% and Argentina 60%. It is outlined that the quality of Ukrainian grain and its adaptation to the requirements of the EU countries remains a problem. It is noted that in developed European countries, the protein and gluten content is not the basis for classifying grain quality and is taken into account only when determining the price of high-quality milling wheat, especially durum wheat. The critical issues in the grain wholesale trade are as follows: assessing the quality of Ukrainian grain and adapting it to the requirements of the EU countries; integrating the Ukrainian transport system into the European one; ensuring compatibility of the transport systems of Ukraine and the EU; strengthening cooperation with European transport companies; and developing governmental decisions between Ukraine and the EU countries to address grain export issues. One of the most promising areas of grain wholesale development is the establishment of grain transportation between Ukraine and the EU countries using modern information support. Keywords: wholesale trade, grain, production, export, transportation, Ukraine, European Union, integration, martial law, problems, ways of development.

Development of agricultural competences as a priority factor of the sustainable development of Ukraine’s economy

Statement of the problem and its relevance. The intensification of crisis phenomena in the modern labor market in Ukraine is characterized by the insufficient level and number of specialists in the agricultural sector trained by the higher education system, the strengthening of the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor in Ukraine and abroad, large-scale destruction and risks, low labor efficiency and an insufficient and unstable level its payments in the agricultural sector. The current state, problems, and prospects of strengthening agro-economic competencies are studied. The purpose of providing modern educational services is to train future personnel capable of managing a modern enterprise based on environmental friendliness and circularity, to carry out the production and sale of environmentally safe food products that meet the needs of consumers, considering force majeure circumstances, changes in the culture of consumption and projected needs for strengthening the sustainability of business processes for future generations. Education for sustainable development requires the immediate development and implementation of a comprehensive program of continuous training and education of students in ecology, environmental protection, and rational nature management. Recently, as a result of the war, Ukraine has suffered significant losses of economic, ecological, social, and educational potential. This hurt the socio-economic indicators of the country's development, living standards, and population size. Changes to the legislation on several educational measures for adapting young people to new conditions and post-war reconstruction are proposed, and the main elements and competencies adapted to the modern risk conditions of economic development in the agrarian sphere are substantiated. Ukrainian agriculture can realize significant potential only by training young people with a high moral and ethical level who share the world values of sustainable development and care for the environment, an environment important for full entry into the global food market. Knowledge is of excellent importance for recovery and further sustainable socio-economic development in the information society's formation conditions. Their formation takes place as a result of the educational sector fulfilling its mission of socio-economic upliftment. Keywords: sustainable development, agrarian education, competitiveness, sustainable development strategies, post-war competences of the growth of the agro-industrial sector, efficiency of agricultural enterprises, modernization of institutions of higher agrarian education, agrarian economy.

MANAGEMENT OF IT PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF GAMEDEV

In the work, an analytical review of the most relevant state in the field of IT project management in the game studio, which releases its products on Microsoft Windows and Android OS platforms, is carried out. The data was collected between the last quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024 by an employee of this company and is reliable at this time. The company that provided the data for writing the article has been on the Ukrainian market for more than six years and is well-known on digital distribution platforms such as Steam and Epic Store. Information from periodicals devoted to business analytics, finance, and project management was also used.

Investigation of technological parameters of manufacturing meat products from chicken fillet

Compliance with the technological process and production parameters is the key to obtaining a high-quality product. Given the rapid development of the food industry and the needs of consumers for products that have not been subjected to repeated technological processing, where their nutritional value is preserved as much as possible, there is a need to investigate meat products that can meet such requirements. The purpose of the study was to determine and establish the technological parameters of the production of chicken jerky. The study involved experimental research, organoleptic evaluation of finished products, determination of the amount of waste after dressing meat, physicochemical parameters of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products: moisture content, pH, fat content by the Soxhlet method and protein content by the Kjeldahl method. Four methods of production of chicken jerky were investigated, namely: marinating with convective drying with a change in temperature conditions during the drying process; marinating with subsequent cooking using sous-vide technology to a temperature in the thickness of meat not less than 72ºC and convective drying until ready; pre-salting of chicken meat with a ratio of raw materials to salt of 1/1, followed by marinating and convective drying with a change in temperature conditions during the drying process. The final moisture content of the finished jerky was determined to be between 20.8% and 37%, depending on the production method. The study calculated capital (2.33% ± 0.5%) and technical (12.53% ± 1.32%) waste from the preparation of raw materials for the production of jerky, and provided a method for calculating the gross weight of chicken fillet from the required net weight of meat raw materials. Waste after drying for each of the studied methods are shown, which ranged from 46.7%, to 65.03%, 68%, and 74.77%. The results of the study can be used by meat producers and restaurant establishments when planning and developing their own products, improving existing production technologies, and understanding trends in the production of meat delicacies on the Ukrainian market

Prospects for the introduction of a green economy in the agricultural sector of Ukraine for the next 10 years

The relevance of the study is due to the deterioration of the environment and the low level of application of green technologies in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The aim was to outline the current problems for farmers in the use of green farming methods and to find solutions. The study assessed the level of use of certain green technologies in agricultural production in Ukraine. The main results obtained in this work are: determining Ukraine’s place in the Green Future Index ranking in various areas during 2021-2023 and comparing it with Iceland, Finland, and Norway; identifying areas of green technologies that need to be developed in Ukraine during martial law and after the war (precision and organic farming, the introduction of biotechnology to create genetically modified organisms and the transition to alternative energy sources). The study of the dependence of farmers’ propensity to use green technologies on the size of farming confirms its undeniable presence. The analysis of foreign experience in precision agriculture allowed formulating recommendations for foreign companies entering the Ukrainian market to promote the use of precision agriculture in Ukraine. The findings on the growing electricity shortage helped to justify the further use of alternative energy sources in the context of the conflict. A study of the negative impact of the hostilities on Ukrainian land allowed classifying such types of impact and developing measures to restore the soil. The assessment of the use of technologies in agriculture helped to identify areas for the introduction of a green economy in the agricultural sector in Ukraine, which will help to increase agricultural yields without harming the environment and increase its competitiveness. The results and conclusions have practical implications for the Government in developing agricultural policy and for farmers in managing their farms