Ukrainian Market Research Articles

PROCESS OF UKRAINE'S FINANCIAL SECTOR INSTUTIONALIZATION AND ROLE OF CORPORATE SECURITIES MARKET

This article deals with the characteristics of the institutionalization process of the financial sector in Ukraine and the role of the corporate securities market in it. It is determined that the modern domestic financial sector is characterized by significant institutional imbalances, primarily due to the insufficient effectiveness of state policy in this area. For many years, banks have been the key players in the domestic financial sector, which significantly reduced the level of financial inclusion. The development of non-banking financial institutions has been fragmentary, significantly undermining public trust in the financial sector. In particular, this concerns the activities of credit unions in Ukraine, where the market volumes of private pension provision have been minimal for a long time. Some existing institutional imbalances were overcome through the rapid digitalization of certain segments of the financial market, but the overall level of financial inclusion remains low. The process of institutionalization of the domestic financial market occurred against the background of the weakness of the corporate securities market. The article notes that this situation was a consequence of the lack of interest from joint-stock companies in market methods of capital attraction. Along with this, domestic financial institutions are not interested in investing in corporate securities. Thus, the reluctance of public corporations to place their securities on the market coincides with a peculiar investment strategy of financial institutions. As a result, the volumes of the primary corporate securities market in Ukraine are minimal (especially in the stock market), and government securities dominate the secondary market for a long time. This situation poses a series of threats to Ukraine's economic development and requires appropriate actions from the state aimed at the activation of the corporate securities market. It can now be stated that domestic public corporations are non-competitive in the global financial space, which destructively affects their market positions.

Pricing in the medical sector: Theoretical foundations and practical aspects

Pricing is one of the components of ensuring competitive conditions in the market: it has its own specificity in the healthcare market, which is characterized by various forms of operation of enterprises, access to goods and services. The purpose of the study was to investigate the methods and approaches to this process in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the country’s development related to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. The methods used in the study were formal and legal (to form logical links between individual regulatory documents) and comparison (to assess the specifics of pricing in the medical sector in different countries). The study assessed the pricing process as such and described the factors that influence it in practice in general and in the medical sector. It was also concluded that understanding the role of this process for both the state and potential clients is important, as it affects economic stability, quality of medical services, social justice. Particular attention was paid to such approaches as “cost+markup” and “market-based”. Based on the models built in this paper, it was concluded that these approaches should be used in symbiosis (to focus on both market conditions and the company’s goals for forming a margin). Attention was also paid to the Value-Based Pricing approach: it was concluded that it is inherently different from the other two approaches, as it requires much more complex estimates, since it is based on the expected utility of the created product. The study also highlighted the problem of non-transparent pricing as one of the main ones that prevents the formation of effective market conditions. The results obtained in the study can be used both to formulate public policy and to create strategies for individual companies in the Ukrainian market of medical goods and services

Analysis of local anesthetics side effects and determination of ways for their minimization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the development of side effects of drugs is one of the serious medical problems.The relevance of this problem is proven by numerous statistical data obtained in different countries of the world. The aim of the study was to determine the assortment of local anesthetics (LAs) on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, to analyze the evidence base of the effectiveness and safety of modern LAs, to monitor the side effects (SEs) of LAs in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region for the period 2018–2021, and to provide recommendations for their minimization. The methods of passive pharmacovigilance, method of spontaneous reports, method of system approach and system analysis were used in the study. To analyze the clinical effectiveness and conditions of rational use of LAs, well-known data bases were used: Cochrane Library, Trip Database, and PubMed. These databases contain systematized primary or secondary information on a specific clinical issue: the effectiveness and safety of various medical technologies. The results of the analysis of the assortment of LAs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine showed that in 2023, based on 9 international non-patented names of LAs, 65 trade names were presented. Bupivacaine and procaine drugs (16 trade names each) and articaine drugs in combinations (13 trade names) are market leaders. The results of the analysis of notification cards with cases of SEs for 4 years revealed that the majority of them in the form of dizziness, weakness, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, edema, itching, hyperemia at the site of application were recorded when using lidocaine drugs, which are the most in demand and popular among doctors. According to the data of systematic reviews, the main directions for reducing the side effects of LAs have been established, such as administration under ultrasound control, the use of the least toxic modern anesthetics ropivacaine and levobupivacaine (not available on the Ukrainian market), the addition of substances with vasoconstrictive properties to the anesthetic solution, the use of combinations of long-acting and short-acting anesthetics. The results obtained can be used by practicing doctors and health care organizers to optimize LAs.

Legal terminology in environmental and land law: theoretical-legal analysis

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law and proves the feasibility of its improvement in connection with the adaptation of the norms of national law to the law of the European Union. The article states that today in Ukraine there is significant environmental pollution, climate change, land deterioration, which significantly worsened in connection with the military aggression of the Russian Federation and caused a particularly dangerous ecological situation in the country. The article proves that the implementation of the principles of the right of citizens to a safe environment, ensuring human safety, protection and rational use of land, forest, water and subsoil resources is not possible without a clear definition of legal prescriptions enshrined in the law. The article states that one of the important aspects of the language of law is legal terminology, which makes it possible to formulate the content of a legal document. The article defines the concepts of “terminology”, “terminology”, “legal terminology”. It is noted that it is not appropriate to equate the concepts of “terminology” and “terminological system”. It has been investigated that despite the presence of established terminology in environmental law, the presence of terms in need of improvement is observed in this field, namely: “ecological law” and “environmental law”. It has been proved that for the purpose of further codification of environmental law, it seems appropriate to use the term “environmental law” as an established term of EU legislation. It has been analyzed that today the language of the law in the field of land relations is gaining importance, which is due to the formation of the land market in Ukraine and the need to adapt the norms of land law to EU law. It is noted that in land law there is a problem of identifying the terms: “land”, “land plot”. It was noted that the legal terms related to the formation of the land market in Ukraine need improvement and detailing. It was concluded that legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the important aspects of the development of the language of law. The issue of improving legal terminology in the field of environmental and land law is one of the necessary steps that will contribute to the unification and harmonization of the legal norms of the specified fields in the context of adapting the norms of national law to EU law.

LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A YEAR OF FULL-SCALE WAR

The main purpose of this research article is a comprehensive study of the transformational impact of a full-scale war on the labour market, with a special focus on the challenges posed by labour force dynamics in the context of the Ukrainian economy. Through rigorous analysis and empirical research, the paper aims to identify and highlight the multifaceted changes that occur in the labour market during conflict, shedding light on the complex relationship between war-induced factors and the composition of the labour force. By examining these dynamics, the paper aims to make a valuable contribution to policy and strategic decision-making aimed at mitigating the negative effects of war on the labour market, which will ultimately contribute to sustainable economic recovery and development after the conflict ends. Methodology. This research article uses secondary analysis of data from the State Employment Service, as well as the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The practical implementation of the conclusions outlined in this article involves the formulation of targeted recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of state policy on the labour market in Ukraine, in particular, with a focus on the restoration of human resources in the post-conflict period. Drawing on the findings of a comprehensive analysis of war-induced labour market changes, these practical recommendations aim to offer actionable strategies for policy makers and stakeholders. Emphasising the need for rapid and adaptive interventions, the authors call for evidence-based decision-making to address the identified challenges. The practical implementation of these recommendations aims to guide the development and implementation of policies that will not only mitigate the immediate impact of the war on the labour market, but also contribute to the long-term sustainability and stability of the Ukrainian labour force. Value/Originality. Current trends in the labour market are analysed. The main threats to the labour market of Ukraine and the impact on the supply and demand of labour under martial law are identified. The author proposes to regulate the professional and qualification imbalance in the labour market through the system of advanced training or retraining of employees seeking employment in a profession in demand in the economy; spreading new forms of employment and supporting self-employment; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent conditions and remuneration.

MACROECONOMIC DIMENSION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Information technologies play a crucial role in the modern economic system, acting as a driver for the development of the state. Information technologies are not only one of the most important factors stimulating economic growth but also contribute to the development of society, employment stimulation, and competition enhancement. The information technology market generates a significant portion of the GDP and export revenues. The analysis of the formation and development of the domestic information technology market is a key factor in understanding its importance in shaping the prospects of Ukraine as a digital state. The study analyses the dynamics of the development of the national information technology market, providing a comparative analysis of indicators between the Ukrainian market and several other countries.The article aims to analyse the macroeconomic impact of the information technology market on the development of the national economy, investigating correlation relationships between the rates of economic growth and various indicators both in Ukraine and in EU countries.The article explores the directions of the influence of the national information technology market on the dynamics of economic growth. Based on the conducted analysis, conclusions are drawn about the existence of a direct correlation between the growth of information technology export and GDP growth both in Ukraine and in European Union countries. The correlation between the increase in GDP and the growth of other important indicators in the information technology market, including the number of specialists and investments in scientific research, is analysed. Statistical methods reveal a relatively strong connection between the growth rates of investments in scientific research in the field of information technology and the GDP growth rate. At the same time, the correlation between the growth of the workforce in the information technology market and GDP is somewhat weaker.

Regulatory and legal ensuring the quality of sugar products in Ukraine

Sugar is one of the most important elements of the consumer basket in every country, and the volume of its production is considered as an indicator of the level of its development. Therefore, research and analysis of the current state of the sugar market in Ukraine and the development and application of an adequate legal framework in the sugar industry that meets international requirements is important and relevant. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of effective development of sugar production due to the development and implementation of effective regulatory and legal support, built on the compliance of the quality indicators of sugar products with the requirements of E.S. The article examines the main regulatory and legal documents regarding the determination of compliance of the quality of sugar products in Ukraine with the EU requirements, as well as identifies shortcomings in the legislative base of Ukraine regarding the use of modern methods and means of assessing the quality indicators of sugar products. Prospects for further development of sugar production in Ukraine are considered. It was established that the main ways to increase the economic efficiency of sugar production are to improve its quality, reduce production costs, increase energy efficiency of production and improve sales channels. The main criteria of competitiveness of sugar products in developed countries are considered. Based on the analysis of the main problems, the main production processes were determined, which make it possible to adjust the quality indicators of sugar products not only at the final stage of production, but also throughout the entire technological process of sugar production. At the same time, the problems of defining and unifying requirements for methods and means of determining the quality indicators of sugar products throughout the entire stage of sugar production in the countries with the largest weight in the sugar market were considered. Keywords: standard, regulatory framework, competitiveness, color, sugar quality, sugar factories.

Grain wholesale in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the EU

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of grain wholesale trade in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU. It is determined that the wholesale trade in Ukrainian grain occupies a leading position in the production and export of agricultural products in the world market, and the critical direction of development is Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of Ukraine's grain wholesale trade in the EU market is determined, the volume of grain exports to the EU countries is estimated, fundamental problems are identified, and directions of development of grain wholesale trade in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU are generalized. The article analyses the volumes of grain exports by Ukraine to the EU countries in 2022, including more than 53 million tons of grain: wheat - 20.7 million tons, corn - 26.1 million tons, rye - 314 thousand tons, and 6.6 million tons of other grains. The most significant Ukrainian grain exports were to the EU countries: Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Romania, Poland, Portugal, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, and others. The potential of the grain market in Ukraine is substantiated, and its place in the world rankings of production and export of wheat and corn as the main types of Ukrainian grain is determined. It is determined that the most significant export potential in terms of wheat is in such countries as: Australia with an export-to-production ratio of 79.6%, Argentina - 58.4%, Ukraine - 54.1%, the USA - 46.5%; in terms of corn, it is Ukraine - 96.2% and Argentina 60%. It is outlined that the quality of Ukrainian grain and its adaptation to the requirements of the EU countries remains a problem. It is noted that in developed European countries, the protein and gluten content is not the basis for classifying grain quality and is taken into account only when determining the price of high-quality milling wheat, especially durum wheat. The critical issues in the grain wholesale trade are as follows: assessing the quality of Ukrainian grain and adapting it to the requirements of the EU countries; integrating the Ukrainian transport system into the European one; ensuring compatibility of the transport systems of Ukraine and the EU; strengthening cooperation with European transport companies; and developing governmental decisions between Ukraine and the EU countries to address grain export issues. One of the most promising areas of grain wholesale development is the establishment of grain transportation between Ukraine and the EU countries using modern information support. Keywords: wholesale trade, grain, production, export, transportation, Ukraine, European Union, integration, martial law, problems, ways of development.

Development of agricultural competences as a priority factor of the sustainable development of Ukraine’s economy

Statement of the problem and its relevance. The intensification of crisis phenomena in the modern labor market in Ukraine is characterized by the insufficient level and number of specialists in the agricultural sector trained by the higher education system, the strengthening of the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor in Ukraine and abroad, large-scale destruction and risks, low labor efficiency and an insufficient and unstable level its payments in the agricultural sector. The current state, problems, and prospects of strengthening agro-economic competencies are studied. The purpose of providing modern educational services is to train future personnel capable of managing a modern enterprise based on environmental friendliness and circularity, to carry out the production and sale of environmentally safe food products that meet the needs of consumers, considering force majeure circumstances, changes in the culture of consumption and projected needs for strengthening the sustainability of business processes for future generations. Education for sustainable development requires the immediate development and implementation of a comprehensive program of continuous training and education of students in ecology, environmental protection, and rational nature management. Recently, as a result of the war, Ukraine has suffered significant losses of economic, ecological, social, and educational potential. This hurt the socio-economic indicators of the country's development, living standards, and population size. Changes to the legislation on several educational measures for adapting young people to new conditions and post-war reconstruction are proposed, and the main elements and competencies adapted to the modern risk conditions of economic development in the agrarian sphere are substantiated. Ukrainian agriculture can realize significant potential only by training young people with a high moral and ethical level who share the world values of sustainable development and care for the environment, an environment important for full entry into the global food market. Knowledge is of excellent importance for recovery and further sustainable socio-economic development in the information society's formation conditions. Their formation takes place as a result of the educational sector fulfilling its mission of socio-economic upliftment. Keywords: sustainable development, agrarian education, competitiveness, sustainable development strategies, post-war competences of the growth of the agro-industrial sector, efficiency of agricultural enterprises, modernization of institutions of higher agrarian education, agrarian economy.

MANAGEMENT OF IT PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF GAMEDEV

In the work, an analytical review of the most relevant state in the field of IT project management in the game studio, which releases its products on Microsoft Windows and Android OS platforms, is carried out. The data was collected between the last quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024 by an employee of this company and is reliable at this time. The company that provided the data for writing the article has been on the Ukrainian market for more than six years and is well-known on digital distribution platforms such as Steam and Epic Store. Information from periodicals devoted to business analytics, finance, and project management was also used.

Investigation of technological parameters of manufacturing meat products from chicken fillet

Compliance with the technological process and production parameters is the key to obtaining a high-quality product. Given the rapid development of the food industry and the needs of consumers for products that have not been subjected to repeated technological processing, where their nutritional value is preserved as much as possible, there is a need to investigate meat products that can meet such requirements. The purpose of the study was to determine and establish the technological parameters of the production of chicken jerky. The study involved experimental research, organoleptic evaluation of finished products, determination of the amount of waste after dressing meat, physicochemical parameters of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products: moisture content, pH, fat content by the Soxhlet method and protein content by the Kjeldahl method. Four methods of production of chicken jerky were investigated, namely: marinating with convective drying with a change in temperature conditions during the drying process; marinating with subsequent cooking using sous-vide technology to a temperature in the thickness of meat not less than 72ºC and convective drying until ready; pre-salting of chicken meat with a ratio of raw materials to salt of 1/1, followed by marinating and convective drying with a change in temperature conditions during the drying process. The final moisture content of the finished jerky was determined to be between 20.8% and 37%, depending on the production method. The study calculated capital (2.33% ± 0.5%) and technical (12.53% ± 1.32%) waste from the preparation of raw materials for the production of jerky, and provided a method for calculating the gross weight of chicken fillet from the required net weight of meat raw materials. Waste after drying for each of the studied methods are shown, which ranged from 46.7%, to 65.03%, 68%, and 74.77%. The results of the study can be used by meat producers and restaurant establishments when planning and developing their own products, improving existing production technologies, and understanding trends in the production of meat delicacies on the Ukrainian market

Prospects for the introduction of a green economy in the agricultural sector of Ukraine for the next 10 years

The relevance of the study is due to the deterioration of the environment and the low level of application of green technologies in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The aim was to outline the current problems for farmers in the use of green farming methods and to find solutions. The study assessed the level of use of certain green technologies in agricultural production in Ukraine. The main results obtained in this work are: determining Ukraine’s place in the Green Future Index ranking in various areas during 2021-2023 and comparing it with Iceland, Finland, and Norway; identifying areas of green technologies that need to be developed in Ukraine during martial law and after the war (precision and organic farming, the introduction of biotechnology to create genetically modified organisms and the transition to alternative energy sources). The study of the dependence of farmers’ propensity to use green technologies on the size of farming confirms its undeniable presence. The analysis of foreign experience in precision agriculture allowed formulating recommendations for foreign companies entering the Ukrainian market to promote the use of precision agriculture in Ukraine. The findings on the growing electricity shortage helped to justify the further use of alternative energy sources in the context of the conflict. A study of the negative impact of the hostilities on Ukrainian land allowed classifying such types of impact and developing measures to restore the soil. The assessment of the use of technologies in agriculture helped to identify areas for the introduction of a green economy in the agricultural sector in Ukraine, which will help to increase agricultural yields without harming the environment and increase its competitiveness. The results and conclusions have practical implications for the Government in developing agricultural policy and for farmers in managing their farms

Business diversification and changes in perspective strategies for managing innovation activities during martial law

The purpose of this article was to study the changes in the directions of entrepreneurial activity and approaches to managing innovation in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The analysis shows that during the Russian-Ukrainian war, the Ukrainian market for innovation and development suffered significantly. This is evidenced by both the global innovation index of Ukraine and the European innovation index. This deterioration has had a significant impact on the development of innovation at Ukrainian enterprises. In order for an enterprise to function effectively in the context of war, more effort and attention should be paid to innovation and changes in the long-term strategies for managing such activities. The author identifies ten areas that should be implemented by Ukrainian enterprises in the context of war: the development of a “business core”, the introduction of artificial intelligence, machine learning, augmented and virtual reality, blockchain technologies, the introduction of “smart solutions” using the Internet of Things, as well as the implementation of “green reconstruction”, genetic engineering or biotechnology, quality improvement, and the creation of their own ecosystem. The study found that the main role in this process is played by the effective management of innovation activities, so it is important for Ukrainian enterprises to change their long-term management strategies. The process of changing the strategy of innovation management and choosing a new way of business diversification for Ukrainian entrepreneurs should take place in five consecutive stages: formation of an individual innovation process, increasing attention to research and development, internal sources of innovation, promoting the interaction of internal and external sources of innovation, combining various components into a single innovation system, and effective management of the created innovation ecosystem. The study identifies the main aspects that should be present in the changed strategies to enable enterprises to function as efficiently as possible during martial law. These aspects include accelerating the emergence of innovations, creating motivation to invest, and developing partnerships in the investment process

Market transformations in the development of land relations (experience of Canada and Scotland)

The development of land relations today remains one of the most important tasks of Ukraine. The priority directions for the development of such relations are the creation of conditions for the inclusion of land to the economic circulation and the regulation of land relations in combination with the increase of budget revenues of all levels from the use of land.
 In modern conditions, the land policy of developed countries creates mechanisms for regulating the land market with a multifaceted socio-economic content. This complex process is accompanied by the reform of land relations. Effective management of land resources ensures the development of the land market. Discussions regarding the creation of a full-fledged land market in Ukraine are still ongoing. Analysis of foreign experience will allow to transform land relations in Ukraine.
 Natural resources are diverse, but land is becoming an increasingly valuable resource for most countries. They are trying to achieve high rates of economic growth, which, in turn, are related to the development of land resources. It often turns out that such «development» is connected with the seizure of a million hectares of agricultural land by rich corporations or even foreign states. Deprivation of rights to land claims the status of the most famous and, at the same time, little-researched form of deprivation of rights not only in modern literature devoted to «land grabbing», but also in classical theory in general. The article discusses the factors contributing to «land grabbing». Global factors causing similar processes in Canada and Scotland, current consequences, future risks are identified. It was established that the factors of «grabbing of land» for agricultural purposes are of different nature. This is a significant price differentiation on the land market, and the increase in the investment attractiveness of agricultural land, the consequences of privatization and land consolidation. The leading role of the state in the investment process and the existence of a strategy for spreading the influence of the countries in question, which is implemented in parallel with the purchase of land, are shown.

International practice of preventing illegal drug trafficking

The scientific article examines issues related to the international practice of preventing the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs. Studying this topic, it was found that currently a significant number of organized criminal groups involved in the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs are international. Raw materials for the production of drugs can be grown in one country, processed in another, transported in transit through a third, and settled in a fourth.Even members of such criminal groups or organizations may have different origins and nationalities, and may speak different languages. That is why the investigation of such crimes becomes much more complicated. It was established that with close and coordinated interaction of the relevant law enforcement agencies of different states, it is most expedient to detain the entire criminal group or organization, and not just a small part of it, which in itself would not be able to stop its criminal activity, and therefore protect the population from the negative influence of narcotics means. It was found out that it is necessary to carefully monitor the state of illegal drug trafficking in neighboring states, as the distribution of narcotic substances and precursors in Ukraine may depend on it, and to take appropriate measures to combat such crimes. We also agree with the opinion of the United Nations, which was published in the World Drug Report 2023, that corruption and drug trafficking are related, mutually reinforcing and complementary crimes. It was established that international experience must be adapted to the specifics of an individual country.External factors affecting the drug market in Ukraine were outlined (war, internally displaced persons, the state of combating illegal drug trafficking in neighboring countries, interaction with foreign law enforcement agencies to prevent illegal drug trafficking). Statistics presented in the United Nations World Drug Report 2023 have been studied and highlighted. Especially vulnerable groups of people for drug addiction have been singled out.

The feasibility of using soybean raw materials

The most important determinant of public health is a balanced, nutritious diet that ensures normal human growth and development, life expectancy, increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions, and leads to progress and improvement of the quality of life. The article presents the reasonable reasons for the expediency of using soybean raw materials, which led to the emergence of mass consumption products available to all groups of the population, which can be used regularly in everyday, dietary, therapeutic or preventive nutrition with a high degree of digestibility and assimilation of food, in accordance with the recommendations, while maintaining an adequate level of energy intake per day. Given the difficulties our country is experiencing due to martial law, there is a problem of expanding and, in some regions, providing a sufficient range of domestic food products that include energy components: proteins, fats and carbohydrates. There is a decrease in the production of domestic meat raw materials due to the problems faced by farms in today's difficult conditions. The article investigates the chemical composition and energy value of soybeans and soy products. The comparative characterization of soybeans and soybean products is also carried out. The proposal to enrich the range of food products with soybean processing products is also substantiated. With the further prospect of developing technologies for adding and enriching soybean processing products to raw materials of animal origin. The feasibility of these technologies is based on the chemical composition of soybeans. After all, soybeans and soy products are protein components, the value of which is primarily represented by polyunsaturated fatty acids, isoflavonoids, phospholipids, enzymes, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, as well as vitamins E, B, PP and other physiologically valuable nutrients. It is clear that in order to maximize the extraction of native nutrients, it is important to use special methods and economical modes of technological processing of raw materials. The article also describes the main types of soybean seed processing products with high nutritional and biological value available on the Ukrainian market.

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF DETERMINING FIRE PROTECTION OF WOOD

Annually, fires inflict huge losses to both business entities of various forms of ownership and the state overall. According to analytical data for nine months of 2023, 2212 fires occurred in Ukraine at objects of different forms of ownership subject to state supervision (control) in technogenic and fire safety. Many researchers confirm that fire protection of wood is an effective prophylactic measure. However, there are significant factors influencing the reduction of its efficiency directly and also factors that do not affect the efficiency of fire protection directly but provide an objective determination of the quality of fire protection. One of the factors in objectively determining the quality of fire protection is verifying the fire protection compliance. This study aims to determine the causes and patterns of improper fire protection of wooden building structures with fire-retardant solutions (lower than stated in the manufacturer’s regulations). The analysis of recent research and publications shows that the issue of verifying the compliance of fire protection of wooden structures directly after the works in Ukraine has not been studied. Many modern fire protection solutions on the Ukrainian market require improved quality control methods. The existent system of verification of the compliance of fire protection has substantial defects and does not give a possibility to define objectively the quality of fire protection. Precise terminology is absent in normative acts, the methods described for verifying fire protection are not up-to-date, and the regulatory documents for fireproof solutions, in most cases, do not contain the necessary information for quality control. Improvement of verification of the compliance of fire protection of the exploited wood is a necessity at all stages, beginning from determining correct terminology and actualisation of the Rules of fire protection to developing effective methods of verification taking into account the features of modern fireproof solutions. Keywords: fire protection of wood, fire protection compliance verification, fire protection rules, wood impregnation.

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INCLUSIVE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

The article examines the modern determinants of the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine, which are determined by a complex of specific factors that affect the process of integration of people from socially vulnerable population groups. It has been proven that one of the key components of the inclusive labor market are socio-economic conditions that form the foundation for the development of an inclusive economy. It was determined that the degree of economic development, the level of unemployment and the availability of financial resources directly affect the formation of an inclusive labor market. In addition, an important role in the formation of an inclusive environment is also played by legal regulation, including the interaction of national public administration bodies with the international labor organization. It has been proven that normative acts aimed at protecting the rights of socially vulnerable persons create the necessary conditions for their active participation in economic activity on the labor market. It was determined that the development and improvement of such normative legal acts is a strategic task for ensuring the sustainable development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine. Socio-cultural factors that determine society's attitude towards socially vulnerable persons and shape openness and tolerance in the working environment are considered. It was determined that an effective policy of differentiation and acceptance of diversity can contribute to the creation of a positive climate for inclusive employment, promoting the development of diverse talents and skills among employees in order to strengthen the relevance of their qualifications to the demands of employers. It has been proven that educational opportunities for persons with disabilities play a key role in their integration into the inclusive labor market. It was found that the system of providing high-quality education and professional training, as well as the implementation of special support programs in general, contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of this group of workers in the labor market. It was determined that organizational aspects, such as the creation of specialized employment centers, functional support of enterprises that implement inclusive practices, as well as the development of corporate responsibility, contribute to the effective solution of the problems of integration of socially vulnerable persons in the field of work. It is proved that all the mentioned determinants are closely interrelated and interact with each other, forming a complex system of factors that influence the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine.

ДИДЖИТАЛ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

Introduction. The article is devoted to studying the essence of the digital transformation of banking in Ukraine, key trends, and changes in the market arising from the digitalization of banks' products and services, including changes and trends under martial law.
 The purpose of the article. The article aims to study the current trends and prospects of digital transformation of banking in Ukraine, particularly under martial law.
 Results. The authors consider an approach to defining the main aspects of the essence of "digital transformation" of banking institutions in the context of comparison with "digitization" and "digitalization".
 The authors analyze the main trends in the digital transformation of banking activities in Ukraine and identify significant market changes resulting from the digitalization of banking products and services.
 The authors also consider the critical steps of the National Bank of Ukraine as a market regulator concerning digital transformation. In particular, the authors analyze essential legislative changes that contribute to developing the digital transformation of banking in Ukraine.
 The authors also showed that digital transformation is one of the drivers of the banking market development, which creates an urgent need for banks to modernize their business strategies with a focus on digitalization.
 Conclusions. It is concluded that today, the use of innovative technologies in banking significantly changes the payment infrastructure. Despite the daily challenges and threats, the Ukrainian market shows significant steps and prospects in using and developing financial technologies and innovations. Therefore, for traditional banking institutions to remain competitive in the market and provide services that will meet customers' growing needs, banks need to completely rethink their business strategy with a focus on digital transformation.

The analysis of dynamics of physical accessibility of pharmaceutical aid in Ukraine

The level of development of the country's health care system can be assessed in different ways, in particular by the level of pharmaceutical aid provision to the population. The quality of pharmaceutical aid for the population depends on many factors, including physical accessibility and the number of pharmacies located in a certain area. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the physical accessibility of pharmaceutical aid provision for the population and changes in the number of pharmacies in Ukraine during 2017–2022. Annual reports of the State Service of Ukraine for medicinal products and drug control, regarding licensees in the field of economic activity in the production of medicines, wholesale and retail trade of medicinal products, circulation of drugs have been used for the analysis of dynamics. It was established that the pandemic of the coronavirus disease, which was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus, and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation had a significant impact on the development of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine according to the results of the study. There is a general tendency to decrease the number of economic entities conducting their activities in the retail trade of medicines, while simultaneous increasing the places of activity, which may indicate the globalization of the pharmaceutical market. However, it can also cause a reduction in the quality of the competitive environment and limit the choice of pharmaceutical aid providers by patients. Thus, in the studied period, the number of economic entities decreased by more than 1,400. The number of pharmaceutical establishments engaged in the compounding of medicinal products also decreased significantly, by 23.5%. The total number of economic entities engaged in activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors also decreased significantly, which definitely worsened the physical availability of this group of drugs.