Mare's Milk Research Articles

Impact of different dietary regimens on the lipidomic profile of mare’s milk

Despite mare’s milk being highly nutritious and beneficial to human health, the effects of different dietary regimens on the lipid profile of mare’s milk remain to be completely understood. Herein we employed targeted multiple reaction monitoring-based lipidomics with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry to compare the milk lipid profiles of mares fed: pasture grass (P), corn stover and concentrate (H), or cornsilage and concentrate (S). Overall, 461 lipids belonging to 17 subclasses were identified; 261 significantly different lipids were identified on applying the following criteria: false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05, variable importance in projection ≥ 1.0, and fold change ≥ 2.0 or ≤ 0.5. The number of significantly different lipids decreased in the order of P > S > H. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis using differential lipids led to the identification of 34, 32, and 31 metabolic pathways on pairwise comparisons between the P and H, P and S, and S and H groups, respectively. The milk of mares in the P group showed significantly higher levels of specific lipids, including triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylserines, which are known to participate in polyunsaturated fatty acid and lipid digestion and absorption-related metabolic pathways. Altogether, our data provide comprehensive insights into the correlations between feeding systems and quality of mare’s milk in terms of bioactive profile.

Study of the qualitative composition of combined milk

The article presents the results of a study of combined milk. According to the organoleptic evaluation, combinations of cow's and mare's milk were selected in the ratio of 50:50 and 80:20, according to the revealed physico-chemical indicator, a positive evaluation of the combination of 80:20 was given. When determining the combined milk in a scanning electron microscope, an improvement in the mineral composition was observed. It was found that in the composition of combined milk, the sodium content increased by 7.38%; potassium 3.41%; chlorine 15.12% compared to natural milk.

Equine lactoferrin: Antioxidant properties related to divalent metal chelation

Lactoferrin is a minor whey protein known for its multifunctionalities, particularly for its rule in regulation of immune system and for its antimicrobial activities. Although bovine lactoferrin has been extensively studied, very few information exists on lactoferrin from mare's milk. This article studies the antioxidant properties via metal chelation of purified lactoferrin from Kazakhstan mare's milk. Equine lactoferrin shows free radical-scavenger activity when tested with radical DPPH and ABTS and has reducing capacities testing by FRAP. Moreover, the ferrous(II) and copper(II) ion-chelating power is highlighted by chemical colorimetric tests. Finally, the newly introduced biophysics switchSENSE® technology allowed to measure in real time the molecular interactions between equine lactoferrin and divalent cations. The order of magnitude of the KD values was tens or so μM for the four metal ions tested: Zn2+ (KD = 23.9 ± 4.0 μM), Ca2+ (KD = 28.2 ± 4.4 μM), Cu2+(KD = 43.5 ± 5.1 μM) and Fe2+ (KD = 54.1 ± 8.9 μM). According to these results, we can conclude that equine lactoferrin shows antioxidant activity by radical-scavenging mechanism, reducing capacities and divalent pro-oxidant metals chelation ability.

Development of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit for reliable detection of milk allergens in processed food

The inclusion of undeclared cow's milk proteins may cause health complications to milk-allergic consumers and is one of the leading cause of food recall in many countries all over the world. Therefore, to keep control on such incidences in processed products, we established a milk sandwich ELISA test kit by incorporating two polyclonal antibodies against milk proteins obtained from different species. Its analytical effectiveness in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, trueness, and precision were all analyzed. The limit of detection (LOD) of the test kit was 0.011 ppm, with high specificity for milk protein residues. The test kit was highly specific, apart from considerable cross-reactivity with goat milk and minor cross-reactivity with donkey and horse milk. The coefficient of variation of the test kit for intra-assay ranged from 4.02% to 14.62% and inter-assay ranged from 6.05% to 15.08% respectively. The sandwich ELISA was highly specific in detecting commercial food products. In a limited retail survey, 5/6 of the milk proteins declared on the ingredient labels tested positive for milk proteins. The study offers effective technical support for the sensitive detection of milk products both for food manufacturers and regulatory authorities.

MILK CLOTTING ACTIVITY OF RECOMBINANT CAMEL CHYMOSIN

One of the earliest biotechnological applications of enzymes is cheese production. The high specific milk-clotting activity of chymosin gives it an advantage over other proteases in the cheese industry. The action of chymosin is based on hydrolysis of the bond between the amino acid residues Phe105 and Met106 in the κ-casein molecule, which causes destabilisation of casein micelles, coagulation of milk and its separation into a clot and a whey. A recombinant chymosin of the camel Camelus Bactrianus was obtained using the yeast producer strain Pichia pastoris GS115/pGAPZαA/ProchymCB. The recombinant chymosin was purified by ion exchange chromatography. The milk-clotting activity of recombinant camelian chymosin against mare's milk was studied as a function of pH and temperature. It was found that the optimum value at which the maximum activity of recombinant camel's chymosin with respect to mare's milk is observed is pH 4.0 and the optimum temperature is 70°C. The activity of recombinant camel chymosin on mare, cow and goat milk was 123, 9605 and 4650 units/mg, respectively. Recombinant camel chymosin was shown to have high coagulation activity, sufficient to produce curd and cheese. The yield of cheese clot from 6 l of goat milk was 936 grams. Recombinant camel chymosin has prospects for use in cow's and goat's milk processing and cheese production technologies.

The Application of FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Authentication Analysis of Horse Milk.

Expensive milk such as horse's milk (HM) may be the target of adulteration by other milk such as goat's milk (GM) and cow's milk (CM). FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) was used for authentication of HM from GM and CM. Milk was directly subjected to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral measurement at midinfrared regions (4000-650 cm−1). Results showed that LDA could make clear discrimination between HM and HM adulterated with CM and GM without any misclassification observed. PLSR using 2nd derivative spectra at 3200-2800 and 1300-1000 cm−1 provided the best model for the relationship between actual values of GM and FTIR predicted values than PCR. At this condition, R2 values for calibration and validation models obtained were 0.9995 and 0.9612 with RMSEC and RMSEP values of 0.0093 and 0.0794. PLSR using normal FTIR spectra at 3800-3000 and 1500-1000 cm−1 offered R2 for the relationship between actual values of CM and FTIR predicted values of >0.99 in calibration and validation models with low errors of RMSEC of 0.0164 and RMSEP of 0.0336 during authentication of HM from CM. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy in combination with LDA and PLSR is an effective method for authentication of HM from GM and CM.

Steppes to Health: How the Climate-Kumys Cure Shaped a New Steppe Imaginary

This paper examines the rise of the “climate-kumys cure” in late imperial Russia and how it shaped perceptions of the steppes as a “curative place.” By positing that kumys (fermented mare's milk), a traditional food produced by steppe nomads, interacted with unique qualities of the steppe climate—including aromatic air, abundant sunshine, cool forest groves, rich feathergrasses, and brilliant wildflowers—to cure tuberculosis patients of their symptoms, the climate-kumys cure produced an imaginary of the steppes that contrasted with traditional Russian views of the steppes as barren, monotonous, and even dangerous. Knowledge about the steppe climate produced by proponents of the climate-kumys cure harmonized with Soviet medical professionals’ ideas about forging workers’ bodies and restoring their minds. An understanding of the steppes as healthy, however, did not stop the spread of disease, nor did it lead to preservation. Even as the climate-kumys cure rose in popularity, the steppes that had given rise to kumys were vanishing.

Орталық Қазақстан қымызының микробтық құрамын анықтау

Koumiss is a fermented milk product made from mare's milk. The Koumiss traditional drink is widely used in Central Asia. It contains vitamins, biologically active substances, and various microorganisms. Therefore it is considered beneficial for health. The main microorganisms responsible for the fermentation of kumis are lactic acid bacteria. Some LABs are used not only as probiotics but also as biological preservatives. In our studies, we isolated bacteria of the genus lactobacilli from koumiss. The authors carried out a microscopic examination of the studied strains according to Gram, the species was also determined by sequencing. Thus, the species of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus brevis, Acetobacter tropicalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecalis, Leuconostoc fallax, Staphylococcus hominis were identified using 16S rRNA.

Specialized food product for diabetic diet “Inullact-Fito”

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious medical, social and economic health problems in countries of all worlds. The incidence of diabetes mellitus on the globe doubles every 10 to 15 years, acquiring the character of a non-infectious epidemic. According to the latest data from The International Diabetes Federation the number of patients with diabetes among adults (20-79 years old) in the world in 2015 was 415 million, that is, about 9% of the total population, of which more than 90% are patients with type 2nd diabetes. According to forecasts, by 2030, their number will be up to 439 million. In recent years, the interest of scientists around the world to study the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants has increased. Extensive factual material has accumulated on the beneficial effects of various medicinal plants and fees in the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, as well as the possibility of correcting natural products, such as camel and mare's milk, containing ingredients that have a hypoglycemic effect. The aim of the study was to develop recipes and technologies for a specialized food product based on camel milk in combination with extracts of medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties and to evaluate the possibility of their use for the prevention and in the complex therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taking into account the medical requirements for diet therapy for type diabetes the recipes and technology of a specialized food product of diabetic nutrition "Inullact-Fito" have been developed. The possibility of using medicinal extracts in the development of a specialized fermented milk product was evaluated, and the concentrations of applying medicinal extracts to the food product were worked out. The technology of step-by-step mixing contributed to the uniform distribution of biologically active substances in the mass of the product. The absence of sucrose and digestible polysaccharides in the composition of the developed specialized food product of diabetic nutrition was established. The results of laboratory tests indicate an improvement in the quality characteristics without any stabilizers and preservatives. The humidity does not exceed the standard values for similar products, the values of the "milk acidity" indicator are characteristic of products with low acidity, along with improved organoleptic properties, which justifies the microbiological stability of the developed product during storage. The products are balanced in amino acid composition, have a high score of essential amino acids due to the introduction of a combination of proteins from medicinal plant extracts. The consumption of one serving (200 g) of the product in the form of bio-yogurt provides the average daily requirement for essential amino acids by 12-21%, polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 – by 10%, ω-6-by 20%, B vitamins – by 12-17%, C-by 33%, β-carotene-by 22%, E-by 10%, macro-and microelements-by 12-30%. The content of polyphenols is 48% of the adequate level of consumption. The inclusion of a specialized food product of diabetic nutrition "Inullact-Fito" in the hypocaloric diet shows an antioxidant, immunostimulating effect and leads to the stabilization of postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with type 2nd diabetes mellitus.

Detection of antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Sumba mare's milk, against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

Objective:The purpose of this research is to detect the antibacterial properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against pathogenic bacteria.Materials and Methods:Isolation and determination of Lactobacillus spp. Testing of the antibacterial activity of LAB was conducted using filtrate and nonfiltrate forms. The lactic acid bacterial isolates were confirmed to be identified through Gram staining, cell shape, catalase testing, and motility testing.Results:The results of the analysis of the LAB inhibition zone using filtrate and nonfiltrate forms against the bacteria Bacillus cereus were included in the very strong category. The results of the analysis of the LAB inhibitory zone using filtrate and nonfiltrate forms and the agar well method against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were classified into the very strong category. The results of the LAB inhibitory zone analysis using filtrate and nonfiltrate forms with the well method against Escherichia coli bacteria are included in the very strong category, whereas the results from the LAB inhibitory zone analysis using the filtrate and nonfiltrate forms with the agar diffusion method (disks) are included in the strong category.Conclusion:Based on the results, LAB isolated from Sumba mare’s milk displayed antibacterial activity in the strong and very strong categories against pathogenic bacteria such as B. cereus, S. aureus, and E. coli.

Fatty acid composition of yogurt drink based on mare's milk

In accordance with the local climatic conditions and folk traditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan, dairy horse breeding occupies a leading position. Mare's milk is a unique raw material for the production of a wide variety of highly nutritious, complete and easily digestible food products. Scientists recommend mare's milk as a medicinal and dietary product. The paper presents a yogurt recipe developed on the basis of a composition using mare's milk. The composition received patent No 2677219 ( Composition…, 2019 ). It is known that mare's milk fat is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are of particular physiological importance for the human body. There is a need to ration and ensure a constant intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family with food. The purpose of this work is to study the fatty acid composition of yoghurt. To obtain a fermented milk product, milk from Bashkir mares was used as raw material. The production and research of prototypes of yoghurt were carried out on the basis of the Faculty of Food Technologies of the Bashkir State Agrarian University. The determination of the fatty acid composition of the yoghurt sample took place in the accredited testing laboratory centre "Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology" (Moscow). The use of mare's milk allows one to change the fatty acid composition of the finished fermented milk product. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the sample has showed that it has a high content of oleic, γ-linolenic, α-linolenic and arachidonic acids.

The fifth stage of the research оn the project «Saumal-tour»: results and prospects

The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of the combination of saumal consumption, physical exertion and staying in the middle mountains on the human body. Saumal or fresh mare's milk is an excellent alternative to cow's milk when feeding children or the elderly. The therapeutic properties of mare's milk were used by the ancestors of the Kazakh people 5 thousand years ago. The article provides data on the dosed use of saumal in combination with physical exertion and staying in the middle mountains for 5 years in order to improve the health of older athletes. The research methodology is based on the analysis of tourist and medical literature, system analysis, and also includes a stating experiment. The project is based on a combination of the therapeutic and health-improving potential of the climate of the Middle mountains, technologies of sports and health tourism and ancient traditions of the peoples of Central Asia on the use of saumal. The accumulated experience allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1) as a person stays in mid-mountain conditions, the body's resistance to a lack of oxygen increases, people's well-being improves, body functions stabilize, and efficiency increases; 2) all participants in the collection significantly reduced their weight, blood pressure and heart rate leveled off to the age norm; 3) the working capacity has significantly increased; 4) the prophylactic efficacy of Saumal and the restorative potential for aged athletes who had suffered a stroke and heart attack were revealed; 5) in the process of using saumal, the intellectual activity of the participants increases.

UJI ORGANOLEPTIK PROBIOTIK BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT ASAL SUSU KUDA SUMBA DALAM KEMASAN BERBEDA

The purpose of this study was to examine the shelf life of lactic acid probiotics from Sumba horse milk in various packages. The study was conducted from August to November 2021. Lactic acid bacteria were cultured from Sumba horse milk, stored in MRS Broth. These lactic acid bacteria were diluted with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, and packaged in glass bottles, plastic bottles High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and plastic clips/ polypropylene standing pouch. Packaged probiotics were stored at room temperature for 14 days. The results showed that storage using High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and plastic clips was better than glass bottles. The study concluded that a concentration of 30% in plastic bottle High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) packaging was preferred in organoleptic testing

СВЯЗЬ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЖИРА В МОЛОКЕ КОБЫЛ ТЯЖЕЛОВОЗНЫХ ПОРОД С ГРУППАМИ КРОВИ, АЛЛЕЛЯМИ И АНТИГЕНАМИ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ

Studies on the influence of blood groups, alleles and antigens of erythrocytes on the fat content in the milk of mares of heavy draft breeds were carried out on the basis of the dairy farm of the Semyonovskiy breeding plant CJSC and in the laboratory of clinical diagnostics and biochemical research of the Gary State University, Department of Livestock Production Technology. The chemical composition of milk from mares of heavy draft breeds was determined in the laboratory of the breeding kumys complex of ZAO PZ "Semyonovsky". The analysis of milk for fat content was carried out on the device "Klever-1M". The allele pool was determined according to the D blood group system of the Lithuanian and Russian heavy draft breeds, bred in ZAO PZ "Semyonovskiy". According to the D blood group system, 19 out of 36 possible genotypes have been established in Russian and Lithuanian mares. The highest fat content was observed in Lithuanian heavy draft mares with DdkDcgm genotypes and Russian heavy draft mares with DcgmDdghm genotypes. The share of genotypic influence on the fat content in milk was 0.1227 (p&gt;0.95) and 0.1881 (p&gt;0.95), respectively for breeds. Taking into account the revealed positive relationships of immunogenetic parameters with the content of fat in the milk of mares, it is possible to recommend the use of the results obtained to adjust the selection in terms of selection and breeding work.

The Interventions for Sleep Disorders in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Narrative Review

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. Children with ADHD have more frequent comorbid sleep disorders than healthy children. The current methods of treating sleep disorders in ADHD children are still focused on pharmacological interventions which in fact only provide little benefit. AIM: This study aims to identify existing studies regarding the types of nonpharmacological and complementary interventions for sleep disorders in children with ADHD using a narrative review approach. METHODS: This was a narrative review. Inclusion criteria included articles in English and Bahasa, full-text articles, primary studies, and children with ADHD aged 18 years with or without comorbidities as the research sample, and the article having been published in the last 10 years. Searches were performed in several databases: PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: The result showed that programs for managing sleep disorder in ADHD are behavioral therapy, behavioral parent training (BPT), behavioral sleep intervention, neurofeedback, mind-body therapy, L-theanine supplementation, horse milk supplementation, and play therapy. The programs are found to be effective in improving sleep. CONCLUSION: The program most comprehensive with a high level of ease of implementation was BPT.

Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil-feed-milk-manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan.

Background and Aim:The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan. Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare’s milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan.Materials and Methods:Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare’s milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare’s milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low.Results:The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs.Conclusion:In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.

KARAKTERISASI FENOTIFIK ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT (BAL) DARI SUSU KUDA LIAR BIMA

The wild horse milk are milk result of pressing out from laktasi horse which its wild life in free nature. The horse milk do not destroy during depository at room temperature. In the wild horse milk of Bima have been identified six species Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)1.&#x0D; The aims of the research is to know phenotific characteristic from Lactic Acid Bacteria isolate result of isolation from wild horse milk of Bima. Examination of characteristic are done by phenotific characterization.&#x0D; The result of research showed that species Lactic Acid Bacteria pertained LAB species with homofermentatif ferment pattern. The LAB species can grow goodness at temperature 37oC, media with NaCl 3,5% and 6,5% and also can grow at low pH (pH 4,5) and high pH (pH 9,6), except Lc. lactis subsp lactis do not grow at pH 9,6.

Sumbawa Wild Horse Milk: Production, Usage, Chemical Compound, Microbial Community, and Probiotics Potency

&lt;p class="00-6Abstrak2Wtz"&gt;Wild horse milk of Sumbawa is a national commodity derived from the wild horse in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This product is well known to have health benefits for people. There have been studies related to milk’s characterization, chemical composition, microbial biodiversity, and probiotics effects by Indonesian academists since it is a local product produced only in Indonesia. This report objects to collect scientific documentation in Indonesia of wild horse milk of Sumbawa usage, its production, chemical compounds, microbial community, and potency as probiotics. Milk production of Sumbawa horse milk was 1-2 liters/horse/day. The usage of this commodity covered the health, medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. The main chemistry compound of wild horse milk was lactose 6.48%, protein 1.81%, and fat 1.67%, which will affect its microbial community. Lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus, were the dominant bacteria that have potency as probiotics. Thus, this article provides a reference for academists or researchers who are interested to explore this commodity.&lt;/p&gt;

Mare's Milk: Composition, Properties, and Application in Medicine.

Mare's milk is a highly valuable organic substance that has a great potential to replace cow's milk. Consumption of cow's milk causes digestive disorders in some individuals. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies among infants. Therefore, finding a protein substitute with the same nutritional value is a priority. Mare's milk can be a good substitute for cow's milk, especially for those suffering from CMA. Prerequisites for this study were the recent interest in mare's milk, as an ancient relic of the Turkic peoples which contains lots of nutrients. The present study aimed to systematize relevant information on the composition of mare's milk and its application in medicine. Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, Elsevier, CyberLeninka were employed for a comprehensive literature search. The searched keywords for this study were mare's milk, saumal, composition, properties, use in medicine. A total of 77 sources were selected for reviewing the literature. Most sources were in English, except for one of the bottom 40 sources published in the last 10 years. Among the milk of many mammalian species, mare's milk is chemically similar to human milk so it can be used as a substitute. It is also used to feed people with various health conditions, especially in patients at risk, or suffering from tuberculosis, hepatitis C, psoriasis, and various types of immunodeficiency. The present study describes the rich composition, antibacterial and antiviral properties of mare's milk. A review of the literature revealed that mare's milk is an excellent thirst quencher, and has valuable nutrients necessary for the human body which is by no means inferior to human milk.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ГРУПП КРОВИ, АЛЛЕЛЕЙ И АНТИГЕНОВ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЩЕГО БЕЛКА В МОЛОКЕ КОБЫЛ ТЯЖЕЛОВОЗНОЙ ПОРОДЫ

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of polymorphic genetic systems of blood proteins and their application as indicators of the most objective assessment of breeding qualities of farm animals. Specification of blood groups of Russian and Lithuanian heavy breed mares was carried out according to the methodological recommendations developed by R. Μ. Dubrovskaya and I. Μ. Starodumov. The erythrocyte antigens of Α and D blood groups of horses were typed with the help of monospecific sera. By the method of family analysis, the alleles and genotypes of mares were determined according to the D blood group system. Using the Hardy-Heinberg formula, the frequencies of genes were determined by simple counting. An AM-2 analyzer was used to analyze mare milk for total protein content. The studied breeds of mares are characterized by a high occurrence frequency of Dad, Dde, Ddghm alleles. Great significance of antigenic similarity in D blood group system between the Lithuanian and Russian heavy breeds indicates genetic similarity of these breeds. The relationship between total protein content and immunogenetic parameters was determined. High protein content of Lithuanian heavy breed mares is associated with the presence of DdkDcgm genotypes; as for Russian heavy mares - genotypes DbcmDdghm. Taking into account the revealed positive relationships of immunogenetic indicators with the milk protein content of mares of heavy breeds, it is possible to recommend application of the results obtained to adjust the selection for breeding work.