Abstract
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of polymorphic genetic systems of blood proteins and their application as indicators of the most objective assessment of breeding qualities of farm animals. Specification of blood groups of Russian and Lithuanian heavy breed mares was carried out according to the methodological recommendations developed by R. Μ. Dubrovskaya and I. Μ. Starodumov. The erythrocyte antigens of Α and D blood groups of horses were typed with the help of monospecific sera. By the method of family analysis, the alleles and genotypes of mares were determined according to the D blood group system. Using the Hardy-Heinberg formula, the frequencies of genes were determined by simple counting. An AM-2 analyzer was used to analyze mare milk for total protein content. The studied breeds of mares are characterized by a high occurrence frequency of Dad, Dde, Ddghm alleles. Great significance of antigenic similarity in D blood group system between the Lithuanian and Russian heavy breeds indicates genetic similarity of these breeds. The relationship between total protein content and immunogenetic parameters was determined. High protein content of Lithuanian heavy breed mares is associated with the presence of DdkDcgm genotypes; as for Russian heavy mares - genotypes DbcmDdghm. Taking into account the revealed positive relationships of immunogenetic indicators with the milk protein content of mares of heavy breeds, it is possible to recommend application of the results obtained to adjust the selection for breeding work.
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