Mannan Oligosaccharide Supplementation Research Articles

Mannan oligosaccharides improved growth performance and antioxidant capacity in the intestine of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

This study evaluates the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant capacity, as well as investigates its related signalling molecule mechanism in the intestine of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (215.85 ± 0.30 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of MOS supplementation (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1) for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that (1) appropriate dietary MOS supplementation improved growth performance and enhanced disease resistance (2) appropriate dietary MOS supplementation relieved oxidative damage by decreasing the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative damage biomarker protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). (3) appropriate dietary MOS supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing enzyme activities [except manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)] and corresponding gene expression (except MnSOD). (4) appropriate dietary MOS supplementation positively regulated antioxidant function related to MR/PKCδ/Nrf2/Keap1b (not Keap1a in the DI, not PKCα and PKCε in three intestinal segments) signalling pathway. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that dietary MOS supplementation could enhance fish intestine antioxidant capacity. Finally, based on the quadratic regression analysis for the percent weight gain (PWG), against enteritis morbidity, and the MDA, PC and ROS contents (in the DI) of on-growing grass carp, the MOS dosage was estimated to be 428.5, 499.1, 536.2, 561.7 and 550.9 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.

Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and immune-related gene expression of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and immune-related gene expression in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). A basal diet supplemented with MOS (0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.0% and 2.0%) was fed to juvenile hybrid grouper for 9 weeks. Results showed that there were no significant differences in feed intake, hepatosomatic index, spleen index or survival among all groups (P > .05). However, antioxidant analyses showed that hybrid grouper fed with MOS supplementation had significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Non-specific immunity evaluation showed that hybrid grouper fed with MOS supplementation had significantly enhanced respiratory burst activity (RB), acid phosphatase activity (ACP) and lysozyme activity (LZM) (P < .05). Moreover, dietary MOS supplementation also enhanced morphological integrity of intestine (muscle thickness, villus length and villus width) (P < .05). Furthermore, in the intestine and liver of juvenile hybrid grouper fed dietary MOS, expression of immune-related genes Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Target of rapamycin (TOR) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was upregulated, whereas Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), IκB kinase α (IKKα) and the apoptosis-related genes (p53 and Caspase-3) were down-regulated. After challenge with Vibrio harveyi, significantly higher post-challenge survival rate was observed in 0.6% MOS supplemented group than the control group (P < .05). These results indicate that dietary MOS supplementation does not improve growth performance or feed utilization of juvenile hybrid grouper; however, it can promote intestinal health and immunological status—by improving intestinal morphological integrity, enhancing antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity, increasing immune-related gene expression and decreasing apoptosis-related gene expression in the intestine and liver.

The modulatory effect of mannanoligosaccharide on oxidative status, selected immune parameters and tolerance against low salinity stress in red sea bream (Pagrus major)

The current study evaluated the effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on red sea bream (Pagrus major) performances. Fish fed five dietary levels of MOS at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 g/kg for 60 days. The results showed that MOS supplementation significantly increased the final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate with decreased feed conversion ratio especially in fish fed 1.5 g per kg diet (P < 0.05). The hematocrit level was significantly increased in fish fed dietary MOS at 1.5 g/kg while, total serum protein increased in fish fed MOS at 1 or 1.5 g/kg in comparison with the control. However, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was significantly decreased in fish fed dietary MOS at 0.5, 1 or 2 g/kg when compared to the other groups. The combined pattern of biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) indicated that fish showed improved antioxidative response with higher BAP value in fish fed MOS at 0.5, 1 or 2 g/kg than the control group. The activities of lysozyme, bactericidal and peroxidase in serum and mucus of fish fed MOS diets increased over the control. Additionally, blood nitro blue tetrazolium assay (NBT) and alternative complement pathway (ACH50%) were increased significantly in fish fed on MOS over the control regime. Interestingly, fish fed MOS at 0.5, 1 or 2 g/kg exhibited higher tolerance against low salinity stress as compared to the control group. In conclusion, MOS administered as feed supplement at 1.5–2 g/kg enhances the growth performance, rises the levels of serum and skin mucus immune responses and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in red sea bream.

Effect of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and inulin supplementation on the performance and certain physiological parameters of calves reared on milk replacer

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to examine the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) or inulin on fourty-five HF calves’ performance and certain physiological parameters. Next to the control group (15 calves, no treatment), 15–15 calves received 18.7 g/calf/day MOS or inulin supplementation with milk replacer from 1st day of age to weaning. Feed intake was measured daily. Body weight was monitored on days 1, 14, 21 and 60. Blood samples were taken on days 30 and 60 to determine clinicochemical parameters Total faecal counts of the main faecal bacteria contents were determined from faecal samples collected on days 15 and 30. Mean feed intake, body weight and daily weight gain were similar in the groups. Inulin caused lower total protein level of the blood. Faecal concentration of total anaerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus was significantly increased by inulin compared to MOS. Inulin caused higher total aerobic bacteria count in faeces compared to control. The germ count of Clostridium perfringens from calves fed inulin was higher than that of other treatments. It should be stated that higher (18.7 g/day/calf) dietary level of inulin or MOS had minor alterations in parameters and failed to significantly modulate performance and physiological parameters of calves.

The effectiveness of a dietary direct-fed microbial and mannan oligosaccharide on ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa of turkey poults infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter

Salmonella and Campylobacter are considered major public health burdens worldwide, and poultry are known to be one of the main reservoirs for these zoonotic pathogens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a commercial probiotic or direct-fed microbial (DFM) Calsporin (CSP), and prebiotic or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (IMW50) on ultrastructural changes and the villous integrity of intestinal mucosa in turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments including a basal diet (corn and soybean–based) nonsupplemented and uninfected as a negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM (CSP); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS (IMW50); and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female large white turkey poults aged 336 days were obtained from a local commercial hatchery and randomly distributed in electrically heated battery cages with 12 treatments of 4 replicates per treatment containing 7 poults per pen. The first 16 pens were not infected with bacteria, poults in pens 17-32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Salmonella Heidelberg, and the poults in pens 33-48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Campylobacter jejuni. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study. At day 21, ileal tissue samples from 1 bird per cage were collected for intestinal integrity and ultrastructural examination by scanning and electron microscopy. DFM and MOS supplementation was effective in both challenged and nonchallenged (not infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter) birds. Goblet cells and mucus were increased, with the presence of large numbers of segmented filamentous bacteria in DFM- and MOS-supplemented groups compared with birds in control treatments. The number and size of villi were reduced in poults exposed to Salmonella and Campylobacter. Results show that CSP and IMW50 provide protection of ileal mucosal integrity in poults exposed to Salmonella or Campylobacter.

Effects of Biofloc Technology (BFT) on Growth of Speckled Shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros)

The effects of biofloc technology (BFT) on growth and hepatopancreas histology of speckled shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros (initial weight: 8.32±0.69 g) were investigated for 30 days. The trial was conducted in fiberglass tanks (45 L) with biofloc (zero-water exchange) and without biofloc (water exchange 50% day-1). Different carbon sources (corn starch: CS and glycerine: G) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation (with and without BFT) were tested in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, better growth performances, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rates were detected in shrimps reared in BFT (CS, G, CS+MOS, G+MOS) groups. Measured water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, ammonium-NH4, and nitrate-NO3 ) did not differ between BFT and control groups. The total number of bacteria count of shrimp reared in the biofloc groups were higher (4.9x10-6±8.5x10-4 CFU mL-1) than that of in the without biofloc (3.7x10-6±5.4x10-4 CFU mL-1) groups. In this study BFT had no negative effects on hepatopancreatic tissue by histological assessment. It is suggested that corn starch as a carbon source in BFT with 3 g kg-1 MOS supplementation could be applied as healthy growth enhancer in speckled shrimp culture.

Effects of Biofloc Technology (BFT) on Growth of Speckled Shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros)

The effects of biofloc technology (BFT) on growth and hepatopancreas histology of speckled shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros (initial weight: 8.32±0.69 g) were investigated for 30 days. The trial was conducted in fiberglass tanks (45 L) with biofloc (zero-water exchange) and without biofloc (water exchange 50% day-1). Different carbon sources (corn starch: CS and glycerine: G) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation (with and without BFT) were tested in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, better growth performances, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rates were detected in shrimps reared in BFT (CS, G, CS+MOS, G+MOS) groups. Measured water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, ammonium-NH4, and nitrate-NO3) did not differ between BFT and control groups. The total number of bacteria count of shrimp reared in the biofloc groups were higher (4.9x10-6±8.5x10-4 CFU mL-1) than that of in the without biofloc (3.7x10-6±5.4x10-4 CFU mL-1) groups. In this study BFT had no negative effects on hepatopancreatic tissue by histological assessment. It is suggested that corn starch as a carbon source in BFT with 3 g kg-1 MOS supplementation could be applied as healthy growth enhancer in speckled shrimp culture.

Effect of a direct-fed microbial and prebiotic on performance and intestinal histomorophology of turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter

Salmonella and Campylobacter are leading human foodborne pathogens commonly associated with poultry and poultry products, and several methods to control these pathogens have been applied to poultry production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CALSPORIN, (CSP), a direct-fed microbial (DFM), and yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cervisiae, IMW50, a mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-based prebiotic, on performance, levels of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the feces, and intestinal histomorphometry in turkey poults. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments, including: an unsupplemented basal diet (corn and soybean-based) as negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM; basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS; and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female Large White turkey poults (n = 336) were randomly distributed in 6 electrically-heated battery cages with 4 treatments and 12 replicates per treatment (7 poults per replicate pen). The first 16 pens were not inoculated with bacteria, while poults in pens 17 to 32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Salmonella Heidelberg and the poults in pens 33 to 48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Campylobacter jejuni. Feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly and at the end of the experiment. At day 21, fresh fecal samples from each pen were collected for Salmonella and Campylobacter enumeration and ileal tissue samples were collected from 1 bird per pen for histomorphology examination. DFM and MOS supplementation was accompanied with reduced levels of Salmonella shed by the treated birds compared to the control group, and with increased body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The surface area of villi increased in the MOS-supplemented group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was a significant difference in V:C ratio between supplemented groups and control group (P ≤ 0.05). Based on these results, there is potential for CALSPORIN and IMW50 to reduce Salmonella shedding in feces, enhance ileal mucosal health, and improve growth performance of turkey poults.

Effects of phytogenic feed additives, probiotic and mannan-oligosaccharides on performance, blood metabolites, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and microbial population of Japanese quail

ABSTRACT1. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oils (AEO and DEO, respectively), probiotic (PRO) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microbial populations of Japanese quail.2. A total of 375 one-day-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated into five treatment groups with five replicates of 15 birds each for a 42 d feeding experiment. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with PRO (0.15 g/kg feed), MOS (2 g/kg feed), AEO (0.25 g/kg feed) or DEO (0.25 g/kg feed).3. AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation increased weight gain, while diets supplemented with AEO decreased feed intake (FI), and improved feed conversion ratio from d 1 to 21 (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the gizzard was higher in birds supplemented with AEO compared to control group, while the birds fed MOS diet had the longest intestine (P < 0.05). Ceca length was greater in control, MOS and PRO groups (P < 0.05). Both essential oils decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of breast meat and percentage of cooking loss in quail (P < 0.05). The villus length (VL) was greater in birds fed diet supplemented with MOS, AEO, and DEO (P < 0.05).The population of E.coli decreased in Japanese quail fed MOS, while Lactobacilli spp. count was increased in the MOS group (P < 0.05).4. In conclusion, AEO, MOS, and PRO supplementation exhibited a positive effect on growth performance, while lipid peroxidation of the meat decreased in birds fed AEO and DEO diets. The intestinal morphometric indices increased in quail fed the AEO, MOS, and DEO diets. Supplementation with MOS modulated intestinal microbial populations of the Japanese quail.

Effects of Mannanoligosaccharide Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Immunity, and Oxidative Status of Partridge Shank Chickens

Simple SummaryTo keep animals healthy and maintain sustainability, modern poultry production industry uses functional feed additives such as mannanoligosaccharides to minimize the potential threat of disease and protect the intestinal mucosa against invading microorganisms. However, most of them are obtained by chemical synthesis that may cause environmental pollution. Thus, we found a way to produce mannanooligosaccharides by an enzyme called β-mannanase to avoid pollution. This enzyme is produced by the fungus species Aspergillus niger. In the present study, we evaluated such enzymatic mannanooligosaccharide and found it can improve oxidative status and immunity in broiler chickens.Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) can be used in poultry production to modulate immunity and improve growth performance. So, we hypothesized that our enzymatic MOS could achieve the same effects in broilers. To investigate this, a total of 192 one-day-old Partridge Shank chickens were allocated to four dietary treatments consisting of six replicates with eight chicks per replicate, and they were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MOS per kg of diet(g/kg) for42 days. Treatments did not affect the growth performance of chickens. Dietary MOS linearly increased the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and jejunal immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) content, whereas it linearly decreased cecal Salmonella colonies at 21 days (p < 0.05). The concentration of jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and IgG at 42 days as well as ileal sIgA, IgG, and IgM at 21 and 42 days were quadratically enhanced by MOS supplementation (p < 0.05). Also, chickens fed MOS exhibited linear and quadratic reduction in jejunal malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this enzymatic MOS can improve the immune function and intestinal oxidative status of Partridge Shank chickens.

Mannan oligosaccharide supplementation in diets of sow and (or) their offspring improved immunity and regulated intestinal bacteria in piglet1.

The objectives of the current study were to explore the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation in the diets of sow and (or) their offspring on intestinal bacteria, intestinal and systemic inflammation in the piglet. A total of 60 multiparous sows (4 ± 1 parity; Landrace × Yorkshire) were fed either control diet (sCON, n = 30) or a diet containing 400 mg kg-1 MOS (sMOS, n = 30) from day 86 of gestation until weaning (day 20 of postpartum). On day 7 of age, offspring (Duroc × Landrace Yorkshire) were assigned within sow treatments and fed control diet (pCON) or diet containing 800 mg kg-1 MOS (pMOS) for 28 d (end at 35 d of age), resulting in four piglet diet groups (n = 15 litters per diet group): sCON-pCON, sCON-pMOS, sMOS-pCON, and sMOS-pMOS. Results found that piglet diet MOS increased or tend to increase Lactobacillus amount in the ileum digesta (P < 0.01) and jejunum digesta (P = 0.07), respectively; while tend to decrease Escherichia coli amount in jejunum digesta (P =0.06) and cecum digesta (P = 0.08). Both sow and piglet diets add MOS (sMOS-pMOS) increased Lactobacillus amount but decreased E. coli amount in jejunum digesta (P < 0.05) compared with the sCON-pCON diet group. In addition, sow diet MOS (rather than piglet diet MOS) increased sIgA content in piglet jejunum mucosa compared with control (P = 0.04). Sow diet MOS decreased toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA levels (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) mRNA level (P = 0.07) in piglet intestinal lymphatic. The interaction effects between sow and piglet diets were found on the mRNA levels of NF- κB p65 (P = 0.03) and IL-8 (P = 0.02) in piglet jejunum. Finally, the sow diet MOS decreased proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IL-4 (P < 0.01) concentrations in piglet serum. Piglets diet MOS decreased the contents of IL-2 (P = 0.03), IL-4 (P = 0.01) and interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.01) while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.01) content in serum. The interaction effects between sows and piglet diets on IL-4 (P = 0.02), IL-10 (P < 0.01), and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) were observed. In conclusion, sow and/or piglet diet MOS could improve intestinal microbiota, enhance intestinal mucosal immune competence, and suppress intestinal and systemic inflammation in the piglet.

Dietary mannan oligosaccharide ameliorates cyclic heat stress-induced damages on intestinal oxidative status and barrier integrity of broilers

This study investigated protective effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) inclusion on growth performance, intestinal oxidative status, and barrier integrity of cyclic heat-stressed broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were allocated into 3 treatments of 10 replicates each. Control broilers reared at a thermoneutral temperature were fed a basal diet, whereas broilers in heat stress and MOS groups raised at a cyclic high temperature (32 to 33°C for 8 h/d) were given the basal diet supplemented with 0 or 250mg/kg MOS, respectively. Compared with control group, heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio during grower, finisher, and entire periods, average daily feed intake during finisher and entire periods, and ileal superoxide dismutase activity at 42 D, whereas increased (P < 0.05) rectal temperature at 21 and 42 D and jejunal malondialdehyde content at 42 D. Dietary MOS increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio during finisher and entire periods, but decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal malondialdehyde concentration of heat-stressed broilers at 42 D. Heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height (VH) and claudin-3 gene expression at 21 D, and VH and VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in jejunum and ileum as well as mRNA abundances of jejunal mucin 2 and occludin, and ileal mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, and occludin, and claudin-3 at 42 D, whereas increased (P < 0.05) serum D-lactate acid content at 21 and 42 D, and serum diamine oxidase activity and jejunal CD at 42 D. The MOS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) jejunal VH at 21 D, VH and VH: CD of jejunum and ileum at 42 D, mRNA abundances of jejunal occludin and ileal mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, and occludin at 42 D, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) ileal CD at 42 D. These results suggested that MOS improved growth performance, and oxidative status and barrier integrity in the intestine of broilers under cyclic heat stress.

Effects of Mannan Oligosaccharides on Gas Emission, Protein and Energy Utilization, and Fasting Metabolism in Sheep.

Simple SummaryMannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are a promising feed additive to improve animal health, immune capacity, and antioxidation. Based on the previous studies, we carried out three experiments to investigate the effects of MOS on the gas emission, protein and energy utilization, and fasting metabolism of sheep. The results showed that 2.0% MOS supplementation led to the lowest in vitro CO2 production and lower CH4 production and decreased in vivo intake. However, it also decreased urine nitrogen excretion and energy released as CH4, and then improved the utilization of crude protein and energy of sheep. There were no differences in the parameters of respiration and energy metabolism of sheep under the fasting condition. The findings indicated that MOS slightly affected the gas emission and nutrients and energy utilization of sheep.This study investigated the effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on in vitro and in vivo gas emission, utilization of crude protein (CP) and energy, and relative parameters of sheep under fasting metabolism conditions. In vitro gas productions were evaluated over 12 h in sheep diets containing different amounts of MOS (from 0% to 6.0%/kg, the increment was 0.5%). A control experiment was used to assess the gas emission, utilization of CP and energy, and fasting metabolism in control sheep and sheep treated with 2.0% MOS over 24 days (d). The results showed that 2.0% MOS supplementation led to the lowest in vitro CO2 production and less CH4 production, while also leading to decrease in vivo nutrients intake, CP and energy excretion, digested and retained CP, and energy released as CH4 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 2.0% MOS supplementation appeared to decrease in vivo O2 consumption and CH4 production per metabolic body weight (BW0.75), and increase the CP retention rate of sheep (p < 0.074). MOS did not affect other parameters, along with the same parameters of sheep under fasting metabolism conditions (p > 0.05). The findings indicate MOS has only slight effects on the gas emission and nutrients and energy metabolism of sheep.

Influence of mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on haematological and immunological responses and disease resistance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) juveniles

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of mannan oligosacharide (MOS) as dietary supplement on haematological parameters, immune response and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) juveniles. Triplicate groups of juvenile striped catfish (initial weight 20.41 ± 1.64 g) were fed twice per day at 2.5% of body weight for 12 weeks, with 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8% MOS diets. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were intraperitoneally challenged with 1 × 106 CFU ml−1of A. hydrophila and mortalities were recorded over 21 days. The haematological and immunological parameters were assessed both in pre- and post-challenged fish groups. Dietary inclusion of MOS did not show any significant influence on the majority of the haematological parameters of striped catfish when they were not infected. But it showed a significant positive influence on some of the most important parameters, namely RBC, WBC, lymphocyte, granulocyte and lysozyme activity and survival, after a 2-week challenge with A. hydrophila. After 2-week infection with A. hydrophila, a better concentration of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), granulocyte, total Ig content, lysozyme activity and survival were observed when striped catfish were fed with MOS at 0.4% and above, with significantly highest at 0.6% MOS diet than the control diet. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that supplementation of MOS at least 0.4% is sufficient to activate the immune response and makes the striped catfish more resistant to A. hydrophila infection.

Effect of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and inulin supplementation on the performance of calves reared on milk replacer

The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of mannan-oligosaccharides or inulin on HF dairy heifers’ starter feed intake and daily weight gain in farm situations. We measured these parameters across two experiments. In Trial 1 (T1), next to the control group, 15-15 HF heifers received MOS or inulin supplementation from 1st day of age to weaning. The amount of the supplementations changed according the calves’ age and the amount of milk replacer from 12 g to 24 g/calf/day. We measured the individual feed intake daily, the live weight at 0, 14, 21 and 60 days. In the second experiment (T2) we used 30 HF heifers also in three group (Control, MOS, Inulin) but we gave more from the experiment materials (28 g/calf/day MOS or Inulin). We started dosing the supplements with the colostrums feeding, and gave up on 14th day of age. We also measured the individual feed intake daily and the live body weight (BW) at 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days. The treatments in T1 did not cause significant differences in average feed intake, body weight and average daily weight gain. When the calves got the supplementation with colostrum too, the ADWG was significant lower in the group fed inulin than control and group fed MOS (P&lt;0.05). We calculate the ADWG all of the experimental periods. From 0 to 14 day, and from 0 to 56 day the ADWG in inulin group was lower than control group, but the datas of group MOS did not differ from the others. Due to the distribution of the birth weights, the lower ADWG did not manifest in differences in body weight in other points of the experiments. We did not find an interaction between the treatments and the daily feed intake of calves. According with our measurements,

Dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal histology of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis)

Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) is a common prebiotics to improve health and immunity of animals in aquaculture. However, its optimum level and effects on the immune response in crab are currently unknown. The present study investigated the optimum level of dietary MOS supplementation and its effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal morphology of juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Crab juveniles (2.95 ± 0.05 g) were fed either a control diet or one of the six diets supplemented with MOS (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%) for eight weeks. The crabs fed 0.3% MOS showed greater weight gain, specific growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio than those fed the control diet. The acid phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the gut of crab fed 0.2% MOS than those fed the other diets except the 0.3% MOS diet. The lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities in the gut were higher in crabs fed the 0.1% and 0.3% MOS diets compared to those fed other diets. The antioxidant capacity was higher in crab fed the 0.2% and 0.3% MOS diets than those fed other diets. In addition, the mRNA expression of genes related to immunity (E. sinensis (Es)-Crustin, Es-Toll2, Es-Lech and Es-prophenoloxidase (proPO)) in the hepatopancreas of crabs fed the 0.2 and 0.3% MOS diets were significantly up-regulated compared with those fed other diets. Duplicature length and width increased significantly in the crab fed 0.3% MOS than other diets. The optimum inclusion levels of MOS were 0.32%, 0.20% to 0.30% and 0.27% to 0.29% based on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity, respectively. This study indicates that supplementing diets with MOS at 0.2% to 0.3% can improve growth performance and enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity in E. sinensis.

Effect of dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides on hepatic gene expressions and humoral and cellular immune responses in aflatoxin-contaminated broiler chicks

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on expression of hepatic immunological genes and immune responses in aflatoxin-contaminated broiler chicks. A total of 336 seven-day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 experimental treatments with 4 replicates and 12 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments consisted of 2 aflatoxin levels (0.5 and 2 ppm) and 3 supplemental MOS levels (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in comparison with a control group (unchallenged group). The chicks were challenged with a mix of aflatoxins during 7–28 d of age. Results showed that aflatoxin challenge resulted in the lower antibody titers against infectious bronchitis (IBV) and bursal (IBD) diseases viruses. In addition, aflatoxin-contaminated birds had a lower (P < 0.0001) lymphocyte percentage and a decline in (P < 0.01) interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA abundance. Likewise, heterophil proportion, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and gene expressions of hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C reactive protein (CRP) were raised (P < 0.001) by increasing dietary aflatoxin level. Dietary inclusion of MOS increased (P < 0.05) antibody titers against IBV, IBD and Newcastle disease virus. Lymphocyte proportion and hepatic IL-2 gene expression were greater (P < 0.0001) in MOS-supplemented birds. Furthermore, supplemental MOS decreased hepatic IL-6 and CRP abundances. Additionally, inclusion of 2 g/kg MOS resulted in the upregulation (P < 0.01) of hepatic IL-2 gene expression in birds contaminated with 0.5 ppm aflatoxin. The present results indicate that supplemental MOS could improve cellular immunity via the upregulation of hepatic IL-2 gene expression in birds challenged with aflatoxins.

Effect of Mannan Oligosaccharide Prebiotic Supplementation on Growth and Production Performance of Broiler Chickens

Effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth and production performance of broiler chickens was evaluated by distributing 180 unsexed Cobb-400 chicks of 7 days old to 18 floor pens (10 birds in each) following completely randomized design and assigning six pens to each of the three dietary treatments viz., M0 (control; basal diet without MOS supplementation), M0.5 (basal diet with 0.5% MOS) and M1 (basal diet with 1% MOS) and managed uniformly for next 5 weeks. The final body weight and weight gain was significantly higher (P

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide on Carcass Traits and Physico-chemical Attributes of Meat of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide on Carcass Traits and Physico-chemical Attributes of Meat of Broiler Chickens

Response of Egg-type Chicks to Mannanoligosaccharides Supplementation of Diets Varying in Energy and Protein

Response of Egg-type Chicks to Mannanoligosaccharides Supplementation of Diets Varying in Energy and Protein