Aggressive Manifestations Research Articles

Perfectionism Classes and Aggression in Adolescents.

Some of the components of perfectionism produce a variety of problems, such as interpersonal hypersensitivity and hostility, that may be associated with aggression behavior during adolescence. This study aims to identify classes of adolescents depending on their levels of Perfectionistic Strivings (PS) and Perfectionistic Concerns (PC) as well as to examine whether there are significant differences in the manifestations of the four components of aggression behavior (i.e., anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) between them. A total of 1,074 high school students from various educational centers participated in this study (M = 14.78, SD = 1.84). The Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire short form were used. The Latent Class Analysis identified three classes of adolescent perfectionism: (a) Non-Perfectionists (low PS and PC), (b) Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and (c) Adaptive Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). Results revealed significant differences between classes regarding the different manifestations of aggression. Maladaptive Perfectionists and Adaptive Perfectionists reported, respectively, the highest and lowest levels of aggression behavior. This study assists in educational programs to prevent conflicts related to school violence through emotional adjustment.

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS IN CHINA

Living conditions in an information society make their own adjustments to such a process characteristic of "real life" as socialization. Conditions for the emergence of "hybrid socialization" have formed in social networks. It differs from the process of socialization in ordinary conditions of human life and brings its own characteristics to this process and to socialization itself. If we talk about adolescents, their socialization is formed rather in the virtual world than in the real one. The influence of the virtual world can be defined as multifaceted, and the virtual world itself (internet space and social networks) creates conditions for implementation of various forms of socialization. Hybrid socialization brought many inevitable problems with it: the popularity of the internet weakens traditional socializing authorities; the release and dissemination of networked information is controlled by several developed countries; universal values ​​are being "revised". In the virtual world, the phenomenon of ressentiment has become a widespread phenomenon and is actively manifested in the form of envy, an outright desire to offend interlocutors, offend completely unfamiliar network users in the form of frequent manifestations of aggression, resentment, inappropriate behavior, etc. These processes undermine traditional morality and at the same time contribute to the formation of socialization in the online environment. Such mechanisms of socialization as imitation, trying on roles, etc., began to "break" and "deviate" from their classical standards. The network breaks boundary between ages: the younger generation begins to contact the adult world in new conditions and at new rates, becoming an "adult child" much earlier than their real age. Video information widely disseminated on the internet is full of such phenomena as “flaunting oneself”, constant human comparison with “internet stars”, “worship of money”, which seriously influenced traditional moral concepts and values ​​and threatened traditional human standards of life.

Forest Manners Exchange: Forest as a Place to Remedy Risky Behaviour of Adolescents: Mixed Methods Approach.

This paper evaluates the impact of the forest environment on aggressive manifestations in adolescents. A remedial educative programme was performed with 68 teenagers from institutions with substitute social care with diagnoses F 30.0 (affective disorders) and F 91.0 (family-related behavioural disorders), aged 12–16 years. Adolescents observed patterns of prosocial behaviour in forest animals (wolves, wild boars, deer, bees, ants, squirrels and birds), based on the fact that processes and interactions in nature are analogous to proceedings and bonds in human society. The methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative research. Projective tests (Rorschach Test, Hand Test, Thematic Apperception Test) were used as a diagnostic tool for aggressive manifestations before and after forest therapies based on Shinrin-yoku, wilderness therapy, observational learning and forest pedagogy. Probands underwent 16 therapies lasting for two hours each. The experimental intervention has a statistically significant effect on the decreased final values relating to psychopathology, irritability, restlessness, emotional instability, egocentrism, relativity, and negativism. Forest animals demonstrated to these adolescents ways of communication, cooperation, adaptability, and care for others, i.e., characteristics without which no community can work.

Gut microbiome modulates Drosophila aggression through octopamine signaling

Gut microbiome profoundly affects many aspects of host physiology and behaviors. Here we report that gut microbiome modulates aggressive behaviors in Drosophila. We found that germ-free males showed substantial decrease in inter-male aggression, which could be rescued by microbial re-colonization. These germ-free males are not as competitive as wild-type males for mating with females, although they displayed regular levels of locomotor and courtship behaviors. We further found that Drosophila microbiome interacted with diet during a critical developmental period for the proper expression of octopamine and manifestation of aggression in adult males. These findings provide insights into how gut microbiome modulates specific host behaviors through interaction with diet during development.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ АНТИЦИТОКИНОВЫХ СВОЙСТВ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО ГЕМОСОРБЕНТА «ГЕМО-ПРОТЕАЗОСОРБ» ПРИ «ЦИТОКИНОВОМ ШТОРМЕ» У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ТЯЖЕЛЫМ ТЕЧЕНИЕМ COVID-19

Background: The urgency of the problem of treating a severe form of COVID-19 is due to the high mortality rate among patients in intensive care units (more than 25.8%). One of the main contributors to the severe course of the disease is the cytokine storm caused by the release of a large concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the bloodstream. In addition to the drug-induced blockade of this condition, extracorporeal elimination can also be considered as an effective method for suppressing the clinical manifestations of cytokine aggression. Purpose: To assess the possibility of extracorporeal removal of cytokines by hemosorption through the Hemoproteasosorb sorbent in patients with severe COVID-19 accompanied by cytokine storm. Material and methods: A clinical and laboratory assessment of the course of the disease was made in 12 patients with a severe form of COVID-19 who developed the cytokine storm associated with hemosorption. Results: After hemosorption, a statistically significant decrease in the level of IL-6, neutrophils, procalcitonin and D-dimers was established. There was also observed an improvement in the oxygen transport function of the blood represented by an increase in the respiratory index. Conclusion: Hemisorption through the Hemo-proteasosorb sorbent can be effectively used to suppress the cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19.

Prevention of aggressive behaviors from the educational process

Teacher training to prevent aggressive behavior by schoolchildren is a topical issue. This descriptive case study with a quantitative-qualitative approach was carried out with the aim of proposing a set of methodological guidelines that contribute to the training of socially committed teachers, to face the violent attitudes of students and to achieve the training of a capable citizen to live in harmony with others. The study is based on the methods: scientific observation, bibliographic and documentary review, analysis-synthesis and statistics, as well as survey and interview techniques. The main result is given in the methodological guidelines developed from the diagnosis, in which the situation of the High School in El Cobre town of was characterized, marked by few and ineffective ways to carry out prevention and reduce the aggressive manifestations of students, being the most frequent verbal aggression, indiscipline, physical violence, bullying and carelessness of the school infrastructure and facilities. In addition, there are cracks in the relationships of students and their families with the social and school environment, consumption of alcoholic beverages and shortcomings in hierarchical relationships, being the possible causes of aggressive behaviors.

Struma ovarii and peritoneal strumosis during pregnancy

BackgroundStruma ovarii is a special type of ovarian dermoid cyst and accounts for approximately 2–3 % of all dermoid tumours. Benign struma ovarii may manifest as distant metastasis, called peritoneal strumosis, which makes it biologically similar to malignancy, and has been reported in limited cases but never discovered during pregnancy.Case presentationWe report a patient with a history of right struma ovarii cystectomy. During pregnancy, pelvic masses with non-specific clinical presentation were found again. During the caesarean section, contralateral struma ovarii with dissemination of nodules in the peritoneal cavity was found, and pathology revealed that the masses were thyroid follicle ovarian goitres.Discussion and conclusionsRecurrent benign struma ovarii with extraovarian dissemination is a rare aggressive clinical manifestation different from malignancy. It is emphasized that adequate assessment and complete resection of suspicious masses are of great importance.

EXISTENTIAL FULLNESS OF EMPLOYED RETIREMET-AGE WOMEN AND MEN

The role of adaptability and harmonius interpersonal relations on achievement of existential fullness by retirement age people was analyzed with the performed empirical study. The Existence Scale (ESK) (Längle, Orgler), S. Dukhnovsky’s method examining disharmony in interpersonal relations and the Social and Psychological Adaptation Questionnaire (C. Rogers and R. Diamond) were used. The study involved 100 employed people of retirement age (59-75 years), of which 46 women (average age was 63.6 years) and 54 men (average age was 64.9 years). Employed people of retirement age were characterized by moderate understanding of life meaning, women and men did not have significant differences in their existential fullness. Interpersonal relationships were mainly harmonious; women had a greater tendency to compromise and to control aggressive manifestations in comparison with men. Both women and men were moderately adapted to the social environment. Also, men and women showed a close link between existential fullness and retirement-age people’s tendency to adaptation, especially with regard to such characteristics as self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internality. An important condition for employed retirement-age people’ existential fullness and understood life meaning was their self-confidence and positive self-attitude, friendly attitude to others and expectation of positive evaluation from them, as well as self-perception as an active subject of their activities. Adaptation and acceptance of others contributed to harmonious interpersonal relationships, and vise versa, if employed retirement-age people had harmonious relationships with others, they were better adapted. The link between harmonious interpersonal relationships and existential fullness is mainly mediated by an individual’s adaptive abilities, but this link can be direct at men. Women showed a wider range of links between harmony and adaptability, but men showed a wider range of links between harmony and existential fullness. If women tended to dominate in interpersonal relationships, demonstrating their superiority over others, they were likely to narrow their inner distance from themselves and their ability to assess a situation from the outside became worse, but their tensions decreased markedly. As for men, the role of dominance increased with age, but its effect on the existential fullness and harmony of relationships was not revealed. Women who avoided problems had increased tension and aggressive intentions, but it was unlikely to affect their existential experiences; on the contrary, as for men, problems avoiding reduced their ability to self-transcendence and freedom and was unlikely to affect the harmony of relationships with others. Women’s acceptance of others and emotional comfort were more closely linked to existential fullness in comparison with such characteristics at men.

Mediation analysis of social deficits between self-criticism and aggression in adolescents.

This research aims to determine the mediating role of social deficits in self-criticism and aggression using a sample of 695 adolescents (girls = 49%, boys = 51%), aged 12 to 19 years (M = 14.97, SD = 1.30) from an urbanized city of Pakistan. Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, Self-Criticism Scale, and Aggressive Behavior Scale were used in the present study. Results indicated a significant positive association of social deficits with self-criticism and aggression (p < .001). Furthermore, findings also suggested a significant positive association between self-criticism and aggression. Mediation analysis revealed that self-criticism partially mediated the relationship between social deficits and aggression. Findings are discussed in terms of the expression and manifestation of self-criticism, social deficits, and aggression in adolescents in collectivistic cultures.

Dynamics of aggressive manifestations in eating disorders

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are often accompanied by aggressive manifestations that undergo typical dynamics at different stages of the disease. The presence of aggressive phenomena in eating disorders can cause severe maladaptation of patients, cause difficulties in diagnosis, establishing compliance, and prevent the normalization of family relations.ObjectivesTo study the varieties of aggressive manifestations and their changes in the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia.MethodsPsychopathological, anamnestic, psychological.ResultsThe most pronounced aggressive symptoms in typical anorexia nervosa are verbal and physical aggression against relatives and close people; feeding younger siblings, parents; threats and suppression of the opinion of relatives in relation to patients. The above aggressive statements and actions occur at the stage of correction and in the initial period of the stage of exhaustion. With deep exhaustion (pronounced cachexia) and in the process of food rehabilitation, aggressive behavior is significantly reduced. In the future, there is criticism of their own aggressive symptoms. In bulimia nervosa, only verbal aggression toward loved ones is noted, especially when they interfere with purifying behavior and massive compulsive overeating. The degree of aggression in bulimia nervosa is significantly less.ConclusionsAggressive manifestations in eating disorders depend on the stage of the disease, the degree of exhaustion and undergo reverse development in the course of therapy. Aggressive phenomena in eating disorders have a significant impact on the clinic, dynamics, outcomes of diseases and the effectiveness of treatment tactics.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.

Features of emotion recognition in deviant adolescents

IntroductionSome researchers believe that an increased level of aggression and cruelty towards others in delinquent adolescents is due to impaired recognition of emotions and empathy.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to study the recognition of emotions in deviant adolescents.MethodsAs a material, 156 juvenile offenders from 13 to 19 years old were selected who were in the camp for delinquent adolescents “Sibextrem”. All of them committed any offenses, they were registered with the social welfare authorities and the police. The adolescents were trained to reduce aggressiveness. During the training, several exercises were carried out. In the first exercise, the teenagers were asked to identify the emotions depicted in the photographs. In the second, determine what emotional state their peers portrayResultsDuring the training process, 78% of adolescents could not identify the emotions presented. This was typical not only for the recognition of standard images, but also for the presentation of emotions by peers. As a result of the training, most adolescents, 64.2%, learned to quite accurately recognize nonverbal emotions. As a result, the number of aggressive manifestations decreased by 31.6%. Mutual understanding and communication improved.ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that deviant adolescents have impaired emotional perception of others. Difficulty in assessing emotions creates tension in interpersonal relationships and can contribute to the manifestation of various forms of aggressive behavior. The vector of research we have chosen shows the need for further study of the emotional sphere of adolescents and its relationship with deviant forms of behavior.

THE APPROVAL OF COMPLEX TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS FOR THE PATIENTS AFTER TRANSMITTED CORONAVIRUS DISEASE AND REMAIN ON REHABILITATION

THE APPROVAL OF COMPLEX TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS FOR THE PATIENTS AFTER TRANSMITTED CORONAVIRUS DISEASE AND REMAIN ON REHABILITATION

A subcentimeter duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasm with a liver metastasis upgraded to G3: a case report

BackgroundAlthough duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms (DuNENs) usually have indolent phenotypes, some DuNENs exhibit aggressive clinical manifestations. Tumor size > 1 cm, lymph node metastasis, and high grade have been associated with poor prognosis. However, preoperative risk evaluation is often difficult, because Ki-67 index on biopsy is frequently underestimated due to the intratumor heterogeneity. Here, we present a case of a subcentimeter DuNEN with a low Ki-67 index on endoscopic biopsy, who developed lymph node metastasis and high-grade liver metastasis.Case presentationThe patient was a 52-year-old female who presented an epigastric pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a duodenal submucosal lesion with a size of 8 mm. The endoscopic biopsy showed DuNEN with a Ki-67 index of 3.3% (G2 categorized by the World Health Organization 2019 classification). We performed an open partial duodenectomy with adjacent lymph node dissection. Pathological examination of the resected specimens revealed a Ki-67 index of 13.5% (G2) in the “hot spot” and lymph node metastasis. A hepatic low-density area detected on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography appeared to be a liver metastasis on postoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, we performed a laparoscopic partial hepatectomy. Pathological examination of the liver specimen showed a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor with a Ki-67 index of 27.5% (NET-G3). The patient has been alive for 14 months since the hepatectomy.ConclusionsThis case shows the possibility of high malignant potential of DuNEN even if the primary lesion is < 1 cm and has a low Ki-67 index on biopsy.

Internalizing and externalizing symptoms and aggression and violence in men and women.

Literature linking aggressive behavior across internalizing and externalizing disorders support the co-occurrence of aggression and various mental health diagnoses. However, research has yet to examine relationships between aggression and dimensional psychopathology models that cut across diagnostic boundaries (e.g., internalizing, externalizing composites) and capture shared liability across common disorders. The role of gender has also been largely ignored in prior work, despite evidence that men and women manifest psychopathology differently. The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between psychopathology composites (i.e., Internalizing, Externalizing) and different manifestations of physical aggression (i.e., aggressive traits, general violence, physical intimate partner violence, and self-directed aggression), as well as moderation by gender. Internalizing (INT) and Externalizing (EXT) lifetime symptoms and various physically aggressive behaviors were assessed at baseline and at 6 months and 1 year follow up in a sample of 319 adults with violence and/or substance use histories. Cross-sectional results showed that INT was associated with all forms of aggression, and women showed stronger relationships between INT and both physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and self-directed aggression. EXT was specifically linked to general violence, and a stronger relationship between EXT and self-directed aggression emerged in men compared to women. Longitudinal relationships were mostly small and nonsignificant. Results support the co-occurrence of aggression with distinct forms of psychopathology, as well as gender-dependent relationships, but do not support the predictive validity of symptom composites in aggression risk. Findings implicate the need for aggression interventions tailored within gender.

Differential expression of 10 genes in the hypothalamus of two generations of rats selected for a reaction to humans.

Individual behavioral differences are due to an interaction of the genotype and the environment. Phenotypic manifestation of aggressive behavior depends on the coordinated expression of gene ensembles. Nonetheless, the identification of these genes and of combinations of their mutual influence on expression remains a difficult task. Using animal models of aggressive behavior (gray rats that were selected for a reaction to humans; tame and aggressive rat strains), we evaluated the expression of 10 genes potentially associated with aggressiveness according to the literature: Cacna1b, Cacna2d3, Drd2, Egr1, Gad2, Gria2, Mapk1, Nos1, Pomc, and Syn1. To identify the genes most important for the manifestation of aggressiveness, we analyzed the expression of these genes in two generations of rats: 88th and 90th. Assessment of gene expression levels was carried out by real-time PCR in the hypothalamus of tame and aggressive rats. This analysis confirmed that 4 out of the 10 genes differ in expression levels between aggressive rats and tame rats in both generations. Specifically, it was shown that the expression of the Cacna1b, Drd2, Egr1, and Gad2 genes does not differ between the two generations (88th vs 90th) within each strain, but significantly differs between the strains: in the tame rats of both generations, the expression levels of these genes are significantly lower as compared to those in the aggressive rats. Therefore, these genes hold promise for further studies on behavioral characteristics. Thus, we confirmed polygenic causes of phenotypic manifestation of aggressive reactions.

Dog Tethering in Slovakia: Legal, Ethical and Behavioral Aspects and Dog Welfare Implications.

Simple SummaryOn the basis of legislative provisions and the behavioral needs of dogs, the authors describe the potential consequences and negative impacts of the long-term tethering of dogs. Dogs should be kept under conditions that allow them, with respect to their size, temperament, stage of their development, and degree of adaptation, to maintain good health and meet their physiological, ethological, and social needs. Despite the adoption of new legislative provisions, this issue has not yet been resolved and we are still coming across various cases involving cruelty to animals of various character and intensity. The current situation can be changed by adopting legislative regulations that explicitly define the responsibilities of owners/keepers including a ban on the tethering of dogs in order to prevent potential circumvention of the legislative rules.Long-term tethering of dogs, or their keeping under unsuitable conditions can result in issues related to changes in their behavior as they may not satisfy their basic needs of life. These needs are discussed in this paper, along with cases when dogs unnecessarily have to endure cruelty and pain. The unavoidable tethering of a dog must not cause trauma and must be arranged in a way that it guarantees physical comfort. Failure to meet the basic needs of an animal may result in manifestation of fear and subsequent aggressiveness. Owners of animals are responsible for their life and health, and their obligations include eliminating the possibility of them hurting themselves or other beings. The relevant adopted legislative provisions should provide protection to animals and be enforceable, which currently appears rather difficult. Controlling and observation of the legislative provisions related to the tethering of dogs raises some difficulties for animal protection inspectors. It is necessary to focus on the specificities of keeping conditions of various dog breeds and on their individual features. Based on research and the relevant Slovak legislative provisions, this paper discusses various views on the practice of tethering dogs from the point of view of public safety and the ethical consequences of permanent dog tethering. Data on dog tethering in Slovakia were evaluated based on a survey and Slovak legal rules governing this issue were analyzed along with various views of public safety and the ethical consequences of permanent dog tethering.

COVID-19 NA INFÂNCIA: uma revisão

Objective: To review all pre-selected publications on COVID-19 cases in the pediatric population and to formulate an organized synthesis addressing fundamental and specific points of the disease performance in children. Data sources: We used a crossover of keywords “COVID-19” and “child care", to search scientific publications in the Virtual Health Library in the data bases: LILACS, BVS, PubMed, and Scielo. Wethen selected publications that: 1) relevance, 2) addressed the theme of coronavirus infection mainly in childhood; 3) elucidated clinical particularities of COVID-19 in the child population; and 4) were published either in English or Portuguese. We excluded all publications that had conflicts of interest and those that were not available in full. Summary of the data: We identified 2,262 publications based on our keywords search which only 38 of them met the selection criteria for our analyses. Studies registered different patterns of COVID-19 infections in childhood when compared to adults, with less aggressive manifestations. However, studies report that infected children and young people symptoms can have serious complications with manifestation of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome, characterized by the late occurrence of vasculitis similar to Kawasaki's syndrome, incomplete Kawasaki's and / or toxic shock syndrome. Conclusions: Overall, epidemiology indicates a lower rate of contamination and a lower number of cases with severe outcomes in the pediatric population. However, the potential for transmissibility and the factors that determine serious outcomes in the pediatric population are still uncertain, which calls for greater investments so we can best protect and serve our upcoming generations.

Psychological features of the manifestation of aggression in adolescents

The article shows the features of the manifestation of aggressive behavior in adolescents; groups of adolescents with direct, indirect, verbal and expressive (non-verbal) aggression, forms of manifestation of aggression, causes of manifestation of child aggression are named. The growth of aggressive tendencies in adolescence is one of the most acute social problems in our society. Adolescence is one of the most difficult periods of human development. Despite the relative short duration (from 14 to 18 years), this period practically largely determines the entire further life of an individual. It is in adolescence that the formation of character and other foundations of personality predominantly occur.

Problemi agresije kod autoritarnog vođstva u velikim grupama - psihoanalitički i grupnoanalitički pogled

Man is a being of a group that spends most of his life in groups distinguished by leadership, structure, type and organization. The human individual moves in the range between opposite tendencies: to belong to a group and be "invisible" in it or to be visible and become a leader. In this paper, our goal is theoretical research of the problems of sociodynamics and psychodynamics of aggression in large groups depending on the type of leadership. Research methods are: psychoanalytic and group-analytic methods. Our findings are that the occurrence of aggression in large groups is inevitable, but types and manifestations of aggression in large groups differ significantly, depending on the type of leadership in a large group (democratic or authoritarian), group cohesion, establishment or non-establishment of group identity and selection of group members.

Исследование уровня социально-коммуникативного развития дошкольников (эффективность программы «Сила народной игры» (Folkskills))

The game is considered as a professional correctional and preventive resource in working with de-viant behavior of children and adolescents. One of the reasons for the deviant behavior of preschool children is recognized as an insufficient level of social and communicative development. Folk game has features that affect the parameters of social and communicative development of children (the ability to follow the rules, adequately evaluate themselves, and establish friendly relations with peers). The game program, which is attractive for children, proposed in the study, includes a variety of games with strict rules, which, however, provide great opportunities for improvisation and the manifestation of children’s individuality. Psychological diagnostics of the parameters of social and communicative development experimentally showed the effectiveness of the program. The socio-metric status at-risk kids has also increased. Aggressive manifestations in behavior have significant-ly decreased, indicators of the emotional and volitional sphere have improved.