Mandibular Research Articles

Association of mandibular canine impaction and anatomical factors: A multicentre retrospective panoramic study in Latin America

Mandibular canine impaction is infrequent in dental eruption anomalies and treatment is very challenging. The aim of this multicenter retrospective panoramic study in Latin America was to evaluate panoramic radiographic imaging characteristics of mandibular canine impaction (impaction area, mandibular base contact, transmigration, impaction height and sex) and their associations. This cross-sectional study evaluated 212 digital panoramic radiographs from three radiological centres in Tingo Maria (Peru), Bogota and Tunja (Colombia). The study included children of both sexes with impacted mandibular canines. Mandibular alpha angle, contact with mandibular basal bone (MBB), impacted sector according to 10 sectors with an adaptation of the Ericson and Kurol method, presence of transmigration and the impacted height were measured and the relationship among these measures was analyzed. Fisher's exact test, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used. (P<0.05). The mandibular canine impaction showed contact with the MBB (32.08%), dental transmigration (36.79%), mainly located at an apical (40.09%) and sub-apical (36.79%) level. Transmigration mainly occurred in sectors 6 (33.30%) and 10 (25.60%) (P<0.001). It was found that for each year of increase in age, the possibility of contact with the MBB decreased (β=0.89, P=0.010), and as the alpha angle increased by one degree the probability of contact with the MBB decreased (β=0.97, P=0.001) and the probability of transmigration increased (β=1.05, P<0.001). One third of the impacted canines were in contact with the MBB, while another third presented dental transmigration and were mainly located apically and subapically of the incisor roots. These imaging features should be taken into account when planning orthodontic treatment.

Comparative analysis of two custom-made mandibular advancement devices with varied designs for treating moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea

IntroductionCustom-made titratable mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment can nowadays be considered a promising first-line treatment in patients with mild to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Specific manufacturing designs and titration mechanisms of MAD are on the market, characterized by their titration approach, vertical opening, and materials selection.The wing-designed MAD (SomnoDent® Flex™, SomnoMed Ltd, Sydney, Australia) has a lateral screw mechanism to advance the lower jaw in incremental steps of 0.1 up to 6.0 mm. The newer uniquely designed custom-made MAD with passive mouth closing (SomnoDent® Avant™ SomnoMed Ltd, Sydney, Australia) has a frontal exchangeable advancement strap of fixed lengths as a specific titration mechanism, all supporting freedom of lateral movement.We aimed to assess the associations between the type of MAD prescribed and OSA treatment outcome. MethodsData from 209 patients (165 male, mean age 53.9 (±10.9) years, median baseline BMI and AHI 27.02 [24.8; 29.7] kg/m2 and 22.8 [17.7; 31.6]/hour sleep, respectively) were collected.Of this cohort, 91 patients with the traditional, wing-based SomnoDent® Flex™ and 118 patients with SomnoDent® Avant™. All patients were diagnosed with a type 1 polysomnography demonstrating moderate to severe OSA (15 ≤ AHI ≤65 per hour sleep). The selected MAD was fitted in the so-called maximal comfortable protrusion.After 3 months of subjective titration until resolution of subjective symptoms and/or achieving physical limits, a checkup with validated home sleep monitoring was conducted. Treatment success was defined as “AHI reduction ≥50% with MAD compared to baseline AHI and AHI with MAD <10 events per hour”. ResultsThese real-world data set showed that 67% of patients achieved treatment success, with a statistically significant reduction in AHI from 22.8 [17.7; 31.6] to 7.45 [3.4; 15.0]/h sleep. The SomnoDent® Avant™ achieved 75% treatment success versus 56% for the traditional, wing-based SomnoDent® Flex™ (P < 0.05). Overall, AHI reduction was 70% for SomnoDent® Avant™ (P < 0.05) vs. 63% for SomnoDent® Flex™ (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThis study shows that choice of MAD design can impact the treatment outcome and could become an important consideration in selecting the type of MAD for personalized treatment for OSA patients. While the results of the traditional wing-based MAD design were comparable to the therapeutic outcome with other titratable, custom-made MADs, the MAD with the passive mouth closing feature showed significantly greater reduction in total AHI potentially due to encouraged nasal breathing, reduced mouth breathing and lesser vertical opening thereby decreasing the probability of tongue base collapse.

Revitalizing the lower face: Therapeutic insights and an innovative treatment guideline for jowl rejuvenation.

The intricate mechanisms of jowl formation, which ultimately lead to loss of lower jaw definition, skin laxity, and localized fat accumulation, involve interrelated factors such as skin aging, fat redistribution, muscle dynamics, and loss of support. To propose a structured approach to the treatment of the jowl area that is comprehensive and tailored to the needs of each individual patient. This integrative review combines a meticulous analysis of the literature with practical insights from real-world clinical settings. The authors draw on their extensive clinical experience to bridge research findings with practical clinical perspectives. This study presents a guideline for addressing jowl formation that starts with the major aging processes and, based on simple diagnostic questions, suggests minimally invasive interventions, including collagen stimulators, energy-based devices, lipolytic injectables, polydioxanone threads, and hyaluronic acid fillers. The guideline emphasizes the significance of personalized treatments while also acknowledging the need for comprehensive evaluation and recognizing the ever-evolving nature of aesthetic interventions in jowl management. This systematic approach can not only simplify diagnostic and treatment decisions for dermatologists but also enhance patient satisfaction by customizing treatment plans based on individual characteristics and expectations.

General Surgeon’s Challenge: Primary Reconstruction of High-Velocity Facial Trauma

Background: Facial wounds are often seen in the emergency department. Whether isolated or associated with cranial injuries or poly-trauma, they can have a significant impact on the patient’s facial aesthetics and consequently, their eminent psychological states.Case presentation: A 63-year-old man was referred to our emergency department with an extensive facial injury, which occurred when a grinder disc for working with metal broke, while he was working at home and hit him with high velocity in the face. The patient was hemodynamically stable with a disfiguring, profusely bleeding wound of the maxilla and mandible. One tooth in the lower jaw had been broken and one was missing. The wound was closed with synthetic, resorbable, interrupted sutures in two layers (the inner layer was buccal mucosa, and the other layer was only the skin).Discussion and conclusion: The extent of damage to soft tissue depends on the type and velocity of the object. Proper wound treatment is necessary, including thorough irrigation, removal of foreign bodies, tension-free closure, reconstruction of anatomical landmarks and correct follow-up. Wound healing starts shortly after the initial tissue trauma, and can take up to several months to complete. Disorder in hemostasis and uncontrolled inflammation can lead to an unfavorable outcome. Facial injuries are treated by general surgeons in only 0.5% of cases, with plastic surgeons, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and otolaryngologists/head and neck surgeons being the most common specialties. Anatomic, diagnostic, and handling considerations should be analyzed to achieve the best results and minimize late post traumatic deformities. Complex facial reconstruction is possible when treated by an experienced general surgeon.

A new Crocodyloidea from the middle Eocene of Zamora (Duero Basin, Spain).

The eusuchian crocodyliforms recorded in the Eocene levels of the Spanish Duero Basin belong to three lineages: Planocraniidae, with the species Duerosuchus piscator; Alligatoroidea, represented by several specimens of the genus Diplocynodon; and Crocodyloidea, which includes several specimens traditionally attributed to Asiatosuchus. The genus Asiatosuchus, established in 1940 based on a middle Eocene species from Mongolia, has subsequently served as a wastebasket taxon for Paleogene remains belonging to several species, not only from Asia but also belonging to the European and North American records. Many of these species are known by highly fragmentary remains, sharing the presence of characters such as a flat and triangular skull, and long symphyses in the lower jaw, recognized as characteristic for the crocodyloids. In addition to isolated cranial remains, among the material traditionally attributed to Asiatosuchus at the Duero Basin stands out a nearly complete skull and a left mandible, from the middle Eocene area of Casaseca de Campeán (Zamora Province). The present study analyses in detail these specimens, previously reported during the 1980s, but analyzed in a very preliminary way. They are included for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis to establish the systematic position of this Spanish form. The results confirm that it corresponds to a new species of basal crocodyloid, defined here as Asiatosuchus oenotriensis sp. nov.

Painless tumour in the lower jaw

Painless tumour in the lower jaw

Results of application of the IRIS dental implants with the surface modified by the method of plasma electrolytic oxidation

Surface modifications of dental implants to provide optimal conditions for osseointegration remains an urgent task in modern dental implantology. A few publications demonstrate that the surface of the dental implants modified by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) possess a combination of several important features that promote osteointegration: optimal micro roughness within 1-7 microns, high chemical purity, and mechanical strength [8,20].The aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of IRIS implants with a new surface modified by the PEO method (hereinafter referred to as IRIS PEO).Materials and methods. Based on the Patrice Lumumba RUDN Medical Center and the Center of Medical Care for Dental Diseases, FGBU «Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic» of the Presidential Affairs Department of the Russian Federation, 60 patients aged 27 to 52 years with partial tooth loss were examined and treated. The patients received 1 IRIS-PEO implant each on the upper or lower jaw. All implants were placed with the force from 35 to 50 N/cm2, with gingiva shapers. Prosthetics were performed after 2 months on the lower jaw and after 4 months on the upper jaw. Before taking impressions, the stability of implants was measured using the Penguin RFA (Integration Diagnostic Sweden AB, Sweden). One year after prosthetics, the neck resorption of the implants was evaluated.Results. Because of the treatment, all prosthetic constructions met the functional and aesthetic requirements. The stability indices of implants in ISQ units on the upper jaw averaged 75±3.4, on the lower jaw 79±2.4. Bone resorption in the implants’ neck area 1 year after the end of the treatment was not observed. The pilot clinical study of the IRIS-PEO implants allowed to optimize the terms of rehabilitation and to obtain high functional and esthetic result in the treatment of patients with tooth loss.Conclusions. Pilot clinical implementation of the implants of the IRIS system with the surface modified by plasma electrolytic oxidation demonstrated the possibility of open management of the implants with the gingiva shaper, to carry out prosthetics in 2 months on the lower jaw and 4 months on the upper jaw. No neck resorption was observed one year after prosthetics.

Automatic measurement of fetal anterior neck lower jaw angle in nuchal translucency scans

This study aims at suggesting an end-to-end algorithm based on a U-net-optimized generative adversarial network to predict anterior neck lower jaw angles (ANLJA), which are employed to define fetal head posture (FHP) during nuchal translucency (NT) measurement. We prospectively collected 720 FHP images (half hyperextension and half normal posture) and regarded manual measurement as the gold standard. Seventy percent of the FHP images (half hyperextension and half normal posture) were used to fit models, and the rest to evaluate them in the hyperextension group, normal posture group (NPG), and total group. The root mean square error, explained variation, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were utilized for the validity assessment; the two-sample t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland–Altman plot, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability evaluation. Our suggested algorithm outperformed all the competitors in all groups and indices regarding validity, except for the MAPE, where the Inception-v3 surpassed ours in the NPG. The two-sample t test and Mann–Whitney U test indicated no significant difference between the suggested method and the gold standard in group-level comparison. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant differences between our new approach and the gold standard in personal-level comparison. All points in Bland–Altman plots fell between the upper and lower limits of agreement. The inter-ICCs of ultrasonographers, our proposed algorithm, and its opponents were graded good reliability, good or moderate reliability, and moderate or poor reliability, respectively. Our proposed approach surpasses the competition and is as reliable as manual measurement.

Influence on marginal bone levels at implants equipped with blades aiming to control the lateral pressure on the cortical bone. An experimental study in dogs.

To avoid cortical compression, several implant systems have included in the protocol dedicated drills aimed at widening the cortical region of osteotomy. However, the manual execution of this operation does not guarantee the necessary precision. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the optimal size of the recipient site at the level of the alveolar crest in relation to the size of the coronal region of the implant to achieve the best healing result. Blades of different diameters were incorporated into the coronal part of the implant to prepare the cortical region of the mandibular alveolar bone crest in different dimensions in relation to the collar of the implant. The differences in diameter of the blades in relation to the collar of the implant were as follows: one control group, -175μm, and three test groups, 0μm, + 50μm, or + 200μm. The marginal bone loss (MBL) at the buccal aspect was 0.7mm, 0.5mm, 0.2mm, and 0.7mm in the - 175μm, 0.0μm, + 50μm, + 200μm groups, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between group + 50μm and control group - 175μm (p = 0.019), and between + 50μm and + 200μm (p < 0.01) groups. The level of osseointegration at the buccal aspect was more coronally located in the test groups than in the control group, whereas the bone-to-implant contact percentage was higher in the + 50μm and + 200μm groups. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The lowest bone crest resorption and highest levels of osseointegration were observed in the 0.0μm and + 50μm groups. The cortical region where the blades had performed their cutting action showed regular healing with perfect hard and soft tissues sealing in all the groups. Cortical blades gathered bone particles, particularly in the + 200μm group, which were incorporated into the newly formed bone. The results from the present experiment provide support to the use of blades that produce a marginal gap of 50μm after implant insertion.

3D-printed PCL framework assembling ECM-inspired multi-layer mineralized GO-Col-HAp microscaffold for in situ mandibular bone regeneration

BackgroundIn recent years, natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-inspired materials have found widespread application as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. However, the challenge of creating scaffolds that mimic natural bone ECM’s mechanical strength and hierarchical nano-micro-macro structures remains. The purposes of this study were to introduce an innovative bone ECM-inspired scaffold that integrates a 3D-printed framework with hydroxyapatite (HAp) mineralized graphene oxide-collagen (GO-Col) microscaffolds and find its application in the repair of mandibular bone defects.MethodsInitially, a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold was designed with cubic disks and square pores to mimic the macrostructure of bone ECM. Subsequently, we developed multi-layer mineralized GO-Col-HAp microscaffolds (MLM GCH) to simulate natural bone ECM's nano- and microstructural features. Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments were introduced to evaluate the ECM-inspired structure of the scaffold and to explore its effect on cell proliferation and its ability to repair rat bone defects.ResultsThe resultant MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited robust mechanical strength and ample assembly space. Moreover, the ECM-inspired MLM GCH microscaffolds displayed favorable attributes such as water absorption and retention and demonstrated promising cell adsorption, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The MLM GCH/PCL composite scaffolds exhibited successful bone regeneration within mandibular bone defects in vivo.ConclusionsThis study presents a well-conceived strategy for fabricating ECM-inspired scaffolds by integrating 3D-printed PCL frameworks with multilayer mineralized porous microscaffolds, enhancing cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration. This construction approach holds the potential for extension to various other biomaterial types.Graphical

Self-Recognition and Self-Preference Regarding Facial Profile and Its Association with A-Point-Nasion-B-Point (ANB) Angle in Orthodontic Patients.

To detect any association between the A-Point-Nasion-B-Point angle, self-recognition and self-preference, and to find the association of these variables with the skeletal class, age, and gender. Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Khyber College of Dentistry, from October 2022 to April 2023. A right-sided profile photograph of each participant was taken, and the lower jaw was moved 5mm backward and forward to produce 2 alterations. The participants were shown their 3 photographs, from which they picked the one they perceived to be their original photograph and the one they preferred for themselves. Chi-square tests for association and binary logistic regression were employed to find the associations between the variables. The alpha value was 0.05. Ninety-eight male and 109 female orthodontic patients, mean age of 17.08 +4.78 years, were recruited. A significant proportion of participants (51.2%) correctly identified themselves. Every degree increase in ∠ANB reduced the odds of correct self-recognition, and of self-preference for the original profile, by 1.1. There was self-preference for that profile which the participants believed was the original (57%). Skeletal class III were less likely to prefer a protrusive profile (p = 0.005). Patients aged between 15 to 22 years were able to correctly identify their profiles (63.9%, p <0.001). There is an association between facial profile self-recognition and self-preference. The ∠ANB negatively relates to self recognition. An increase in ∠ANB reduces self-preference for the original profile. Cephalometry, Dental photography, Self-perception, Corrective orthodontics.

Herbst Appliance for Adolescent Angle Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Long-Term Stability: A Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To conduct a systematic and comprehensive literature search to systematically evaluate and meta-analysis the long-term stability of treatment results obtained after treatment with Herbst functional appliance, and to provide scientific evidence. Methods: CNKI, WANFANG, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other literature databases were searched as comprehensively as possible. The two groups of researchers formulated inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria according to PICOS principles, screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the selected literature according to the MINORS evaluation table. Meta-analysis was performed using data extracted from Review Manager 5.3 software. Results: A total of 12 literatures were included, with a total sample size of 490 cases. The long-term stability of Herbst appliance was analyzed by 11 indexes of SNA, SNB, ANB, ANS-PNS/SN, MP/SN, ANS-PNS/MP, OB, OJ, U1/ANS-PNS, L1/MP, U1/L1. The results showed that SNA, SNB, ANB, ANS-PNS/SN, U1/ANS-PNS, L1/MP, molar relationships were stable in the long run from the end of treatment to follow-up (P&gt;0.05). The MP/SN, ANS-PNS/MP angles decrease, and the OB, OJ, and U1/L1 values increase (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The long-term stability of the treatment effect of Herbst orthoses in the adolescent patients classified as Class II division 1 shows that the relative position of the upper and lower jaws is relatively stable, while the Angle of the mandibular plane relative to the anterior skull base plane remains relatively unstable.

The latest freshwater giants: a new Peltocephalus (Pleurodira: Podocnemididae) turtle from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Amazon.

Overkill of large mammals is recognized as a key driver of Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in the Americas and Australia. While this phenomenon primarily affected mega-mammals, its impact on large Quaternary reptiles has been debated. Freshwater turtles, due to the scarcity of giant forms in the Quaternary record, have been largely neglected in such discussions. Here we present a new giant podocnemidid turtle, Peltocephalus maturin sp. nov., from the Late Pleistocene Rio Madeira Formation in the Brazilian Amazon, that challenges this assumption. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the holotype, a massive partial lower jaw, reveal close affinities to extant Amazonian species and suggest an omnivorous diet. Body size regressions indicate Pe. maturin possibly reached about 180 cm in carapace length and is among the largest freshwater turtles ever found. This finding presents the latest known occurrence of giant freshwater turtles, hinting at coexistence with early human inhabitants in the Amazon.

Comparative Study on the Impact of Vertical Growth on dental and Soft Tissue Profile

Aim: This study aimed to compare facial groups based on their vertical skeletal characteristics (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent) and their associated soft tissue features, focusing on the lips and chin. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 lateral cephalometric x-rays were obtained from patients sought orthodontic treatment. The samples were categorized into hypodivergent (Md/Mx &lt;20°), normodivergent (Md/Mx between &gt;20° and 28°), and hyperdivergent (Md/Mx &gt;28°) facial types. Results: In Class I group, normodivergent facial type was the most prevalent (55.2%), while hyperdivergent pattern dominated in Class II (54.5%) and Class III (40%) groups. The hypodivergent group exhibited the highest mean thickness for upper and lower lips (8.95 mm and 9.35 mm, respectively). Hyperdivergent individuals had the greatest mean upper lip height (11.3 mm), whereas hypodivergent individuals had the highest mean lower lip height (25.32 mm). Procumbency of upper (PUL) and lower lips (PLL) was most prominent in the hypodivergent group (2.08 mm and 0.87 mm, respectively). Hyperdivergent individuals showed the maximum mean chin thickness (7.84 mm). Statistically significant differences were observed only between Hypo vs Normo-divergent groups in upper lip thickness (ULT), and in PUL and PLL between Hypo vs Normodivergent and Hypo vs Hyperdivergent groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that a correlation between the hard tissue (bones and teeth) and soft tissue (facial features) topography were found in Sudanese subjects. There was a significant correlation between the soft tissue variables including nasolabial angle, upper lip thickness, and length in the three different skeletal vertical dimensions, but this correlation was observed only in the lower jaw. Individuals with hypodivergent facial patterns tend to have greater thickness in the upper and lower lips, lower lip height, compared to normodivergent and hyperdivergent counterparts.

Evaluation of Cephalometric Downs Analysis on Cephalograms at RSGM YARSI, Jakarta

Introduction: Cephalometric analysis is used to help establish diagnosis and treatment plan in orthodontics. One of the cephalometric analysis is the Downs analysis which its standard values were measured in Caucasians. However, these values cannot be applied to other races and ethnicities because there are racial and ethnic variations. Hence, it is necessary to know the average value for Indonesians. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate Downs analysis on cephalograms at RSGM YARSI Jakarta, compare it with Downs’ norms and other ethnicities, and determine differences between gender. Materials and Methods: Measurements of 10 parameters of Downs analysis were carried out on 29 cephalograms. Data were tested statistically. Results: The mean of the facial angle are 85.17°±3.07; angle of convexity 3.62°±2.79; AB plane angle AB -2.65°±2.55; mandibular plane angle 29.82°±3,37; Y-axis 64.15°±3.34, occlusal plane angle 11°±2.86; interincisal angle 113.06°±7.64; LI-occlusal angle 28.41°±5.24; IMPA angle 10.24°±5.76; distance of UI-APog 8.05 mm±1.85. Discussion: The RSGM YARSI cephalometric value compared to the Downs’ norms shows that the chin towards the FHP is more retroposition, the face is more convex, the relationship of the lower and upper jaw to the NPog is more protrusive, the direction mandibular growth towards the FHP is more vertical, the direction of facial growth is more downward, occlusal growth towards the FHP is steeper, and the incisors are more protruded. The direction of growth in male is more vertical than in female, and there are differences in cephalometric values with other races. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the Downs cephalometric values of RSGM YARSI and the Downs’ norms in all measurements. Between men and women at RSGM YARSI there are gender differences in the direction of growth. There are differences in measurement values with other races.

Orthognathic surgery in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta and low von Willebrand factor

AbstractBackgroundThis report describes the case of a patient with jaw deformity, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and low von Willebrand factor (low VWF).Case presentationA 30‐year‐old woman with OI was referred for the treatment of prognathism of the lower jaw. Laboratory data showed that partial thromboplastin time was slightly increased, so additional testing was performed and revealed low VWF. The patient was then administered 1‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin before orthognathic surgery and experienced no hemorrhagic episodes perioperatively.ConclusionAs both OI patients and low VWF patients are at greater risk of hemorrhage, surgery in such cases should be performed with due consideration of and preparation for bleeding.

Аналіз частоти маніфестації деяких ізольованих та поєднаних вад розвитку опорно-рухового апарату в дітей молодшого шкільного віку

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant decrease in the number of healthy children, while the number of children with chronic illnesses, developmental disorders, various forms of postural issues, and scoliosis has significantly increased. Purpose - to determine the frequency of manifestation of developmental abnormalities in the spine, chest, foot, and lower jaw, as well as detection of variations and characteristics of their combinations in younger school children to develop new and improve existing criteria for early diagnosis of musculoskeletal development disorders and the correct selection of methods for their correction. Materials and methods. In order to conduct the study as part of preventive check-ups with parental informed consent, 200 children (100 boys and 100 girls) aged 6-9 years were examined. The working group was formed using the randomization method. The groups of boys and girls were further divided into 4 age groups, (6 years, 7 years, 8 years and 9 years) each consisting of 25 children. We determined the shape of the chest , the symmetry of processus mastoideus, claviculae and fossa supraclaviculare, scapulae, cristae illiacae, maleolus medialis, the condition of the foot arch and the lower jaw development. Results. Among the total number of examined children, isolated or combined variations of the following developmental abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system were found in 21.5% of cases. Isolated developmental abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system were found in 10% of examined boys and 8% of examined girls. Various combinations of detected abnormalities were found to manifest in 13% of boys and 12% of girls. Thoracic scoliosis is present in 16% of boys and 14% of girls; developmental issues of the lower jaw affect 9% of boys and 8% of girls, scoliosis of the cervical spine affects 4% of boys and 3% of girls; 6% of boys and 5% of girls have chest deformities and lumbar spine scoliosis. Conclusions. Developmental musculoskeletal abnormalities were found in 21.5% of children of. The frequency of combined developmental abnormalities increases with age. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of mandibular incisor alveolar bone changes for the intrusion arch technique: A retrospective cohort research.

: Alveolar bone loss is a common adverse effect of intrusion treatment. Mandibular incisors are prone to dehiscence and fenestrations as they suffer from thinner alveolar bone thickness. : Thirty skeletal class II patients treated with mandibular intrusion arch therapy were included in this study. Lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before treatment (T1) and immediately after intrusion arch removal (T2) to evaluate the tooth displacement and the alveolar bone changes. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation was used to identify risk factors of alveolar bone loss during the intrusion treatment. : Deep overbite was successfully corrected (P < 0.05), accompanied by mandibular incisor proclination (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant change in the true incisor intrusion (P > 0.05). The labial and lingual vertical alveolar bone levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The alveolar bone is thinning in the labial crestal area and lingual apical area (P < 0.05); accompanied by thickening in the labial apical area (P < 0.05). Proclined incisors, non-extraction treatment, and increased A point-nasion-B point (ANB) degree were positively correlated with alveolar bone loss. : While the mandibular intrusion arch effectively corrected the deep overbite, it did cause some unwanted incisor labial tipping/flaring. During the intrusion treatment, the alveolar bone underwent corresponding changes, which was thinning in the labial crestal area and thickening in the labial apical area vice versa. And increased axis change of incisors, non-extraction treatment, and increased ANB were identified as risk factors for alveolar bone loss in patients with mandibular intrusion therapy.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTHROPOSCOPIC FEATURES IN PERSONS WHO HAVE COMMITTED CRIMES AGAINST HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH

Dermatoglyphics is currently a subject of research by specialists in various fields of knowledge. The reason for this is that the study of the comb pattern of the hands and feet is widely used in various medical and non-medical fields, because the dermatoglyphic constitution is a genetically determined trait that remains unchanged throughout life, which closely correlates with other human characteristics, predisposition to certain types of diseases, etc. Also, papillary pattern prints can give us the opportunity to predict deviant processes of personality development.&#x0D; Aim of the work. To identify factor phenotypic features in individuals prone to crimes against human life and health.&#x0D; Materials and methods. In the course of this study, anthroposcopic parameters obtained from 50 persons, male and female, aged 18 to 59 years, who were convicted of crimes against human life and health (CGLH) were analysed: intentional murder (Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), negligent homicide (Article 119 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional murder of a mother of her newborn child (Article 117), intentional grievous bodily harm (Article 121 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional bodily harm of moderate gravity (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional bodily harm of moderate severity (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), torture (Article 127 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), leaving in danger (Article 135 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and 50 persons of the control group (CG).&#x0D; Anthroposcopic (descriptive) parameters were obtained by means of a verbal description that does not contradict generally accepted standards (Ginzburg V.V., 2000; Kozan N.M., 2018). Statistical calculations were performed using the software package STATISTICA 12 for Windows (licence number ZZS9990000099100363DEMO-L).&#x0D; Results. It has been established that for the group of premeditated murderers, the following factors are factor: skin colour (p=0,000), hair colour (p=0,017), hair type (p=0,000), facial features (p=0,023), forehead slope (p=0,004) and the shape of the lower jaw (p=0,000) showed statistically significant differences, and for a number of indicators such as forehead height (p=0,072), forehead width (p=0,060) and cheekbone shape (p=0,056), differences were observed at the level of statistical trend.&#x0D; Conclusion. The presence of factor phenotypic signs indicating a predisposition to criminal acts of varying severity will allow the use of a computer neural network program to predict the propensity to commit offences.

Comparison of Twin Block appliance and Herbst appliance in the treatment of Class II malocclusion among children: a meta-analysis

BackgroundOur meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of applying Herbst and Twin Block appliances in the treatment of Class II malocclusion among children.MethodsDatabases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China VIP Database (VIP), and Wanfang were thoroughly searched from inception to August 9, 2023. The outcomes included skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was used as the effect indicator, and the effect size was expressed with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity of each outcome effect size was tested, and the heterogeneity statistic I2 ≥ 50% was analyzed by the random-effect model, otherwise, the fixed-effect model was conducted. Sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 12 studies involving 574 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Herbst appliance had a statistically significant increase in mandibular body length (WMD: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.96, P < 0.001) compared with the Twin Block appliance. More increases in angle and distance of L1 to mandibular plane (MP) were found in the Herbst appliance compared with the Twin Block appliance. Significant and greater improvements in molar relationship (WMD: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.29, P = 0.002), posterior facial height (WMD: -1.23, 95% CI: -2.08 to -0.38, P = 0.005), convexity angle (WMD: -1.89, 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.66, P = 0.003), and Sella-Nasion plane angle (U1 to SN) (WMD: 3.34, 95% CI: 2.25 to 4.43, P < 0.001) were achieved in the Twin Block appliance. Herbst and Twin Block appliances produced similar effects in the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes including Sella-Nasion-point A (SNA), Sella-Nasion-point B, point A-Nasion-point B (ANB), overjet, and overbite.ConclusionAs the findings revealed both Herbst and Twin Block appliances contributed successfully to the correction of Class II malocclusion. Compared with the Twin Block appliance, the Herbst appliance may have more advantages in mandibular bone movement. Twin Block therapy resulted in more improvement in the aesthetics of the face.