Management Of Socio-economic Systems Research Articles

ОСНОВЫ СОЗДАНИЯ ТУРИСТСКО-РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫХ ЗОН

Problem statment: The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of creating tourist and recreational areas, formation criteria, the study of natural, environmental, cultural, socio-economic prerequisites, management features, its certification, the formation of destination centers as part of recreational areas. In the formation of tourist and recreational zones of Azerbaijan, natural, environmental, socio-cultural factors, development strategy development, prerequisites for the establishment of destination management centers are studied. In addition, the article reflects the creation of regional destination centers, the effective use of existing potential, improved management, which stimulate the development of various types of tourism and general economic development. The formation of recreation areas is associated with economic and social factors, as they develop based on the use of available resources. Recreational systems are a complex form of socio-economic management system, which includes the management of individual subsystems of various tourism entities within a particular center. The purpose of the study: To analyze the tourist and recreational areas of Azerbaijan and to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of the creation of tourist and recreational areas. Methods The study used the method of comparative historical methods, statistics. Results: The formation of tourist and recreational areas and the prerequisites for the establishment of destination centers in their composition can lead to the following conclusions: - The formation of tourist and recreational areas is based on the joint use of natural, environmental, geographical and socio-cultural resources, which serves to reveal the attractiveness of the territory from the point of view of tourism . - Certification of tourist and recreational areas and criteria for dividing the destinations are carried out using the resource potential and the assessment of infrastructure prerequisites, which contributes to the formation of control centers for destinations. - The formation of tourist and recreation zones gives an impetus to the economic development of the regions, which contributes to the development of certain destinations, environmental protection, and the presentation of cultural heritage as a tourist product. Scientific novelty: The article explores the activities of regional destination centers and the implementation of marketing strategies in this area. Here, the natural and environmental features of the region were studied and areas of application for the formation of small specialized recreational zones were shown. It was also noted the importance of creating centers of destination management to protect the ecological environment of the territory, to prevent degradation of the landscape. Practical relevance: Natural tourism resources have led to an increase in the number of tourists coming to the fore in the demand of people for tourism. As can be seen from the figure, natural tourism resources play a role in attracting tourists, which indicates the importance of taking into account the types of natural tourism when compiling passports of tourist and recreational areas.

APPROACHES TO ASSESSING FACTORS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

To improve the efficiency of management of socio-economic systems at any level, it is necessary to conduct a permanent comprehensive analysis of the social well-being of the population. One of the directions of such research is the study of factors that determine the behavior of consumers. Forecasting consumer behavior plays a significant role in shaping economic policy. Therefore, the development and justification of means and methods of socially significant state regulation of consumption and consumer behavior of the population, taking into account its main components, is always relevant. The purpose of this work is to analyze the main macroeconomic indexes that identify the features of consumer behavior and the mood of the country's residents and subjective assessment of the economic situation with great certainty. In order to study consumer behavior, the borrowed methods from different fields of knowledge – sociology, psychology and ecology are used, in addition to general scientific and analytical-prognostic ones. The most used in everyday practice are such methods of obtaining primary information as observation, experiment, focusing and survey. Special indicators are used to predict consumer behavior in the world practice: consumer sentiment index, consumer expectations index, consumer confidence index. These indicators, called indexes of consumer optimism, represent leading economic indicators, which correct and clarify existing forecasts of the development of the economy. All these indicators are calculated based on data obtained by the method of mass survey of citizens. With apparent identity, these indexes are still different. The use of a set of special indicators for predicting consumer behavior allows a deeper and broader look at the problem under study. All indicators are calculated based on representative samples according to the methods tested in the world for a long time. The paper considers the specifics of these indicators in Russia and abroad, describes the methods of calculating the main indexes. The analysis of the dynamics of aggregate and partial indexes is based on the secondary analysis of Rosstat (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) and Levada Center data. This analysis showed that all indexes have negative values, which indicates the predominance of pessimistic attitudes during the study period. The results of surveys conducted in the 4th quarter of 2014–2017 show the prevalence of negative attitudes and expectations of the population during the study period. It is determined that the value of the consumer sentiment index is closest in value to the index of favorable conditions for large purchases; differences with other indicators of Rosstat are more significant. Since the 2nd quarter of 2016, there has been a tendency to increase all indicators. The share of negative evaluation options has been declining since the second quarter of 2016, but the share of optimistic opinions has not changed. In general, the growth of consumer confidence is due to a decrease in the number of pessimistic respondents, not to an increase in consumer optimism. The obtained data allow us to quantify the processes of formation of consumer behavior and ultimately study the overall climate in the economy of the region and the country as a whole. Monitoring of consumer attitudes and expectations should be an information base for substantiating the content of social policy, for determining its main directions and performance criteria.

Green Logistics in Russia: The Phenomenon of Progress, Economic and Environmental Security

1. Introduction Following the desire to use the environment wisely and effectively, so as to ensure the stability of consumption for future generations, it is currently necessary to create all the conditions for its preservation and protection. Exploring the conceptual organization and functional richness of modern logistics systems, it is necessary to highlight their general involvement and broad scope of trade and transport arteries as well as socio-economic mechanisms in global and domestic format. Indeed, logistics is involved in virtually all the phases of the creation and distribution of demand in the markets for goods and services, forming the basis of their life cycle and economic value. Thus, no economic doctrine is capable of such a deep insight into the production and distribution processes as logistics, and therefore environmental safety mechanisms also need to be implemented using logistics. Timing of changes in the implementation of science-based theoretical and applied tools in logistics must happen without delay, which is determined by both external and internal motives of the Russian economy. A significant share of the costs of production and circulation is occupied by the logistical costs of bringing the product to the final consumer. Therefore, logistics--as a science becomes particularly important in the current conditions, while focusing on import substitution of national products. 2. Theoretical, Informational, Empirical, and Methodological Grounds of the Research Despite the fact that logistics is widespread amongst Russian business, not all companies understand the priorities of the management of logistics and the importance of development of information and communication supply chain management technology, comprehensive services, strategic development, so in the difficult period of another peak of the crisis, trade and economic constraints, sanctions and political actions that have serious economic background, the Russian market of logistics services is transforms, feeling not only innovative trends, but destabilizing effects as well (Frank et al., 2016; Epifanova et al., 2015; Ryzhkova and Prosvirkin, 2015; Dasanayaka and Sardana, 2015; Sibirskaya et al., 2015). Annually there is 350 million tons of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere from the vehicles used in logistics, more than 50 million tons of various hydrocarbons and 150 million tons of sulfur oxide. In the atmosphere, carbone dioxide accumulats, decreasing the oxygen levels. Emissions fall as residue on the plants and soil, are inhaled by people, and are consumed with food. Transport operating on the territory of the Russian Federation, burns approximately 110-115 million tons of fuel and 1.2-1.5 million tons of lubricant annually. Other pollutants include crankcase gases, battery acid, lubricants and coolants, as well as other operational materials [1]. The theoretical and methodological basis of logistics is the general theory of systems and control theory (cybernetics), the fundamental principles and methods of system analysis, some elements of operations research, different sections of systems engineering and systemology, which together with a variety of conceptual and applied aspects of the theoretical and practical logistics form a definite and conceptual current device, capable after certain adaptations to specific conditions, to be used effectively in various fields and areas of production and commercial activities [2]. This is why logistics mechanisms, used to ensure strategic support to the environmental component can be involved at in the organizational functional management of socio-economic systems most effectively. A good starting point is to use it as marketing moves of local solutions or projects with green tint--for instance, route optimization to reduce the mileage, the use of more environmentally friendly equipment, use of solar energy for technological needs, etc. …

FORMATION OF AN OBJECTIVES HIERARCHY IN TASKS OF ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT

Structuring objectives is a key problem in the management of socio-economic systems. The lack of effective mechanisms capable to harmonize the objectives of all stakeholders involved in the process of forming the objectives hierarchy is a significant drawback of existing approaches. An attempt to combine different directions within the framework of a unified approach to structuring the objectives of the development of socio-economic systems, taking the collective generalization of subjective images of the desired future into account, is performed in the paper. The problem of knowledge extraction and structuring is considered in the framework of the development of the approach to the collective formation of the vision of the system. It is for the first time proposed to conduct identification of the structure of relationships in complex systems on the basis of a developed algorithm that formalizes the steps of the “Socratic dialogue” method. It is proposed to evaluate the achievability of the current goal using the method of fuzzy hierarchical estimation. The novelty of the conducted research consists in combining all stages of formation of the target hierarchy in a single method that allows to formalize the stages of system identification, definition and coordination of objectives and assessment of achievability.

HUMANITARIAN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities for humanitarian approach to solving the complex problems posed by the current economic system, and that can not be resolved within the economy as a science. Methodology includes the dialectical method, which allows us to consider the economy in two dimensions at the same time. It could be considered as a system, that does not have the dimension, and the economy as a habitat which itself finite and subject to entropy. Results: Today economists are in an awkward position. Trying to maintain the steady-state current economic system, they return to find rational solutions to the management of the individual, institution or society. In such circumstances, many issues of the person economic life remain unresolved: passing through the prism of the dominant ideological constants, they are transformed in a dilemma about the balance of state and market in the management of socio-economic systems, and the influence of individual institutions in the society, or the search for a harmonious setting proliferating market mechanisms. However, the philosopher, armed with a “lantern” of Diogenes, can answer many questions, the solution of which is due to the fact that they see the person and not another system. Practical implications the development of methodological possibilities of social philosophy when applied to the problems of economic theory

Approaches to the Assessment of the Contribution of Tourism Into the Regional Surplus Product: Case of the Kaliningrad Region

Article examines the contribution of tourism to the regional economy through construction of the value added chain. The results of research of an integrated model of formation of the tourism industry contribution to regional surplus product; the augmented and transformed model of the tourism product; the characteristic of ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ in the production and marketing of regional tourism product testing carried out on the model example of the Kaliningrad region of Russia. The authors apply the logic-structural method in strategic planning and management of socio-economic systems. In the constructed ‘problem tree’, hierarchically represented a causal link between negative or adverse events that hinder or even will prevent future development of the tourism industry. Developed and described scenarios for the tourism industry (project-ambitious, compensation, basic). The factors that will have the greatest impact on the development of tourism in terms of solving regional problems of the economy ‘transition period’ after the end of the Special Economic Zone, operating in 2006-2016, were grounded. In order to assess the contribution of tourism to the regional economy it is not enough to rely solely on the statistics. This is due to the fact that there are no universal formulas for the isolation of the share is created by tourism in a number of sectors that make up the value chain for tourism. Such activities include catering services, transport services etc. Value added of tourism is directly dependent on the scenario conditions that underpin the development. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s5p275

The Big Data Tools Impact on Development of Simulation-Concerned Academic Disciplines

The article gives a definition of Big Data on the basis of 5V (Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity, Value) as well as shows examples of tasks that require using Big Data tools in a diversity of areas, namely: health, education, financial services, industry, agriculture, logistics, retail, information technology, telecommunications and others. An overview of Big Data tools is delivered, including open source products, IBM Bluemix and SAP HANA platforms. Examples of architecture of corporate data processing and management systems using Big Data tools are shown for big Internet companies and for enterprises in traditional industries. Within the overview, a classification of Big Data tools is proposed that fills gaps of previously developed similar classifications. The new classification contains 19 classes and allows embracing several hundreds of existing and emerging products. The uprise and use of Big Data tools, in addition to solving practical problems, affects the development of scientific disciplines concerning the simulation of technical, natural or socioeconomic systems and the solution of practical problems based on developed models. New schools arise in these disciplines. These new schools decide peculiar to each discipline tasks, but for systems with a much bigger number of internal elements and connections between them. Characteristics of the problems to be solved under new schools, not always meet the criteria for Big Data. It is suggested to identify the Big Data as a part of the theory of sorting and searching algorithms. In other disciplines the new schools are called by analogy with Big Data: Big Calculation in numerical methods, Big Simulation in imitational modeling, Big Management in the management of socio-economic systems, Big Optimal Control in the optimal control theory. The paper shows examples of tasks and methods to be developed within new schools. The educed tendency is not limited to the considered disciplines: there are other ones such as graph theory, mathematical statistic, game theory, and operations research.

Integrating climate change adaptation into public health practice: using adaptive management to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience.

Background: Climate change is expected to have a range of health impacts, some of which are already apparent. Public health adaptation is imperative, but there has been little discussion of how to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in public health systems.Objectives: We explored possible explanations for the lack of work on adaptive capacity, outline climate–health challenges that may lie outside public health’s coping range, and consider changes in practice that could increase public health’s adaptive capacity.Methods: We conducted a substantive, interdisciplinary literature review focused on climate change adaptation in public health, social learning, and management of socioeconomic systems exhibiting dynamic complexity.Discussion: There are two competing views of how public health should engage climate change adaptation. Perspectives differ on whether climate change will primarily amplify existing hazards, requiring enhancement of existing public health functions, or present categorically distinct threats requiring innovative management strategies. In some contexts, distinctly climate-sensitive health threats may overwhelm public health’s adaptive capacity. Addressing these threats will require increased emphasis on institutional learning, innovative management strategies, and new and improved tools. Adaptive management, an iterative framework that embraces uncertainty, uses modeling, and integrates learning, may be a useful approach. We illustrate its application to extreme heat in an urban setting.Conclusions: Increasing public health capacity will be necessary for certain climate–health threats. Focusing efforts to increase adaptive capacity in specific areas, promoting institutional learning, embracing adaptive management, and developing tools to facilitate these processes are important priorities and can improve the resilience of local public health systems to climate change.

Ecological network determination of sectoral linkages, utility relations and structural characteristics on urban ecological economic system

Analyzing the structure and functioning of the urban system revealed ways to optimize its structure by adjusting the relationships among compartments, thereby demonstrating how ecological network analysis can be used in urban system research. Based on the account of the extended exergy utilization in the sector of urban socio-economic system, which is considered as the composition of extraction (Ex), conversion (Co), agriculture (Ag), industry (In), transportation (Tr), tertiary (Te) and households (Do) sectors, an urban ecological network model is constructed to gain insights into the economic processes oriented to sustainable urban development. Taking Beijing city as the case, the network accounting and related ecological evaluation of a practical urban economy are carried out in this study in the light of flux, efficiency, utility and structure analysis. The results showed that a large quantity of energy and resources have to be consumed to maintain the structure and function of a city. The thermodynamic efficiencies of individual sector in Beijing remain at a low level. The social system in Beijing is a highly competitive network, and there are 8 competitive relations and only two mutualistic ones. The Domestic and Agricultural sector are the major controlling factors of the system. Moreover, the assessment results of Beijing are compared with the other three socio-economic systems, Norway, UK and Italy, and the ecological network function and structure comparisons are correspondingly illuminated and discussed. The conclusions indicate that the exergy-based network analysis can be refined to become an integrative tool for evaluation, policy-making and regulation for urban socio-economic system management concerning structure and efficiency at urban levels.

The Family as a Socioeconomic Management System

The family is a social miniscule in every culture. It is a central theme of gender-development issue. As such it has a distinct and abiding effect on the nature of the socioeconomic order in terms of preference formation relating to the kinds of artifacts that get exchanged and thus play a key role in socioeconomic development. The totality of these issues comprises the study of the family as a socioeconomic management system. The intergenerational interaction and co-evolution of the family in concert with the social complex is differently explainable in neoclassical economic and Islamic contexts. Consequently, the triangular circular interrelationships between the individual, the household and the socioeconomic order leave different effects in the above two paradigms. These in turn have profound influence on the future of socioeconomic development according to these paradigms. This paper formalizes an interrelationship between the inter-generational family and the socioeconomic order using the concept of circular causation of unity of knowledge in Islam and the methodological individualism in neoclassical economic theory. The inter temporal context of the theme is included with family extensions and their socioeconomic effects over populations of grandfathers and grandchildren. Keywords: Microeconomics of family, socioeconomic management system, inter-generational endogenous preferences, culture and political economy.