Malonyldialdehyde Content Research Articles

Magnetic field effects on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Artemisia sieberi under salinity

Artemisia species have a well-known position in traditional medicine. In the present study, variability in total phenolic concentration and radical-scavenging activity by employing various in vitro systems, such as DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing power activity were analyzed in the shoots of A. sieberi plant that had been exposed as seeds to magnetic fields (90 or 200 mT for 5 and 20 min) and irrigated for 1 month with 150 mM NaCl under glasshouse conditions. Salt stress had non-significant effect on polyphenols concentration in A. sieberi, but radical-scavenging activity was significantly reduced by salinity. Magnetic fields, particularly at 200 mT for 20 min caused a considerable increase in polyphenols concentration and antioxidant activity compared to control, regardless of the presence or absence of NaCl. While salt stress induced lipid peroxidation, in terms of increase in malonyldialdehyde content and decreased biomass, magnetic-pretreatment of seeds significantly ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl in A. sieberi. Data obtained suggest that magnetic field pretreatment of seeds of A. sieberi at 200 mT for 20 min not only enhanced antioxidant activity in shoots, but also increased its tolerance to salinity via supporting cellular membrane integrity.

Combined Effects of Lanthanum (III) and Acid Rain on Antioxidant Enzyme System in Soybean Roots.

Rare earth element pollution (REEs) and acid rain (AR) pollution simultaneously occur in many regions, which resulted in a new environmental issue, the combined pollution of REEs and AR. The effects of the combined pollution on the antioxidant enzyme system of plant roots have not been reported. Here, the combined effects of lanthanum ion (La3+), one type of REE, and AR on the antioxidant enzyme system of soybean roots were investigated. In the combined treatment of La3+ (0.08 mM) and AR, the cell membrane permeability and the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid of soybean roots increased, and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and reduced ascorbic acid served as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. In other combined treatments of La3+ (0.40 mM, 1.20 mM) and AR, the membrane permeability, malonyldialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbic acid content increased, while the catalase activity decreased. The increased superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and reduced ascorbic acid content were inadequate to scavenge the excess hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, leading to the damage of the cell membrane, which was aggravated with the increase in the concentration of La3+ and the level of AR. The deleterious effects of the combined treatment of La3+ and AR were stronger than those of the single treatment of La3+ or AR. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzyme system in the combined treatment group was affected directly and indirectly by mineral element content in soybean plants.

Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities are not directly involveded in the silicon‐mediated alleviation of ferrous iron toxicity in rice

AbstractSilicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the soil and can alleviate several abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the mechanisms involved in alleviating ferrous iron (Fe2+) toxicity by Si are still largely unknown, and no study has investigated the role of Si on the Fe2+‐induced oxidative stress and antioxidant system in rice. Four cultivars of Asian and African rice (Oryza sativa L. and Oryza glaberrima Steud) were grown for 4 weeks under hydroponic conditions with or without Fe2+ (250 mg Fe2+ L−1) and with or without Si (250 mg SiO2 L−1). The plants that were treated with Fe2+ suffered Fe2+ toxicity, and Si helped to alleviate the toxicity symptoms. The bronzing index and the Fe concentration in the foliar tissue increased in the presence of Fe2+ but decreased significantly with the application of 250 mg SiO2 L−1. The concentration of malonyldialdehyde, that is commonly used as an indicator of oxidative stress, increased in the foliar tissue in the presence of 250 mg Fe2+ L−1 in the nutrient solution. The application of 250 mg SiO2 L−1 in the plant nutrient solution treated with Fe2+ considerably limited the increase of malonyldialdehyde. However, no significant effect of Si application on the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) and non‐enzymatic antioxidants (total ascorbate, reduced ascorbate, oxidized ascorbate, and the ratio of the reduced to oxidized forms) was observed in the rice plants that were grown in the presence of Fe2+. These results suggest that Si does not act directly on the antioxidant defense system of rice but reduces the plant Fe2+ concentration, which reduces the oxidative stress.

Protective effect of spermidine on salt stress induced oxidative damage in two Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars

To improve the salinity tolerance of turfgrass and investigate the effect of spermidine (Spd) on antioxidant metabolism and gene expression under salinity stress condition, exogenous Spd was applied before two kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars (‘Kenblue’ and ‘Midnight’) were exposed to 200mM sodium chloride (NaCl) stress for 28d. Salinity stress decreased the turfgrass quality, increased the content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and isozymes intensity in both cultivars. In addition, the expression level of Cu/ZnSOD was down-regulated in ‘Kenblue’ but up-regulated in ‘Midnight’ after salt treatment. Salinity stress also enhanced the expression of APX but inhibited the expression of CAT and POD in both cultivars. Exogenous Spd treatment alleviated the salinity-induced oxidative stress through decreasing MDA, H2O2 and O2·− contents in both cultivars. Besides, exogenous Spd further enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and APX accompanied with the increased intensity of specific isozymes of SOD, CAT and APX in both cultivars and POD in ‘Kenblue’. Moreover, Spd further up-regulated expression levels of Cu/ZnSOD and APX, but down-regulated those of CAT and POD in both cultivars. These results indicated that exogenous Spd might improve turfgrass quality and promote the salinity tolerance in the two cultivars of kentucky bluegrass through reducing oxidative damages and increasing enzyme activity both at protein and transcriptional levels.

Overexpression of NrCN improved TMV resistance in selection marker-free tobacco generated by Gene-Deletor system

Two expression cassettes, the Nicotiana tabacum Ubi.U 4 promoter-driven tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-resistant gene NrCN element and Arabidopsis thaliana senescence-expressive gene SAG 12 promoter-driven LoxP/FRT site-specific recombinase gene FLP expression fragment, were both introduced into the TMV-sensitive tobacco variety K326 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. In T0 transgenic plants inoculated TMV, the hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic HR (SHR) occurred at the inoculated leaf and the upper non-inoculated leaf, respectively. The chlorophyll, H2O2 and salicylic acid (SA) content but malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in transgenic inoculation plants was significantly higher than non-transgenic plants. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were exactly significantly higher than non-transgenic ones at the early stage after TMV inoculation, but the CAT activity in the former declined and was significantly lower than the latter at the later stage. In addition, the gene relative expression analysis of TMV-resistance-related protein components showed that the expressions of NrCN, NTF6, and PR-1a in genetically modified tobacco (GMT) plants were significantly upregulated after inoculation compared with wild-type tobaccos. Analysis of foreign gene deletion efficiency in transgenic plants indicated the foreign genes (e.g., recombinase gene FLP and screening reporter gene Bar::GUS) deletion events occurred in determinated GMT plant leaf with the development and maturity of the leaves. As a result, the transgenic plants became sensitive to herbicides. Therefore, the introduction of a plant expression vector (Gene-Deleter system with site-specific sequences LoxP/FRT and NrCN-contianing) into TMV-sensitive tobacco variety K326 enhanced the TMV resistance of sensitive tobacco plants. This study provides a basis for screening and acquisition of new varieties of marker-free and safe transgenic antiviral tobacco.

Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in equol-producing postmenopausal women.

Dietary isoflavones are considered to be cardioprotective because of their structural similarity to estrogen. Equol is a metabolite of daidzein that is more potent than daidzein itself. The effect of equol on endothelial function and oxidative stress remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 100 mg/day soy isoflavone supplementation on the following markers: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and nitric oxide (NO) as markers of vascular endothelial function, and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker in equol-producing postmenopausal women. A stratified randomized double blind controlled trial was conducted among 190 postmenopausal Indonesian women aged 47 to 60 years. They were stratified into equol producers and equol nonproducers. The random allocation of intervention was carried out separately in each stratum. The intervention group received tablets consisting of 100 mg soy isoflavones and calcium carbonate 500 mg, and the control group received 500 mg calcium carbonate. The concentrations of VCAM-1, NO and MDA were measured at baseline and post-supplementation at 6 months. After 6 months of supplementation the MDA concentrations were significantly lower in the soy-isoflavone equol producers compared with equol nonproducers (p=0.021). Similar results were also found for VCAM-1 and NO concentrations, but these were statistically not significant (p = 0.413 and p= 0.724, respectively). This study demonstrates that isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women with equol-producer status had a more beneficial effect by decreasing the MDA concentration, but did not improve VCAM-1 and NO concentrations.

Effects of lidocaine on random skin flap survival in rats.

Use of a random skin flap is common for repairing wounds and for reconstruction. Lidocaine is a traditional local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels and has positive effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. To investigate the effects of lidocaine on random skin flap survival in rats. McFarlane flaps were established in 20 rats divided into 2 groups. Lidocaine was injected in the lidocaine group, and the same concentration of saline was injected in the control group. The survival area of the flaps was measured on Day 7. Levels of inflammation were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slices, and superoxide dismutase and malonyldialdehyde contents were examined. The mean survival area of the flaps in the lidocaine group was significantly larger than that in the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in the lidocaine group compared with that in the control group. Malonyldialdehyde level in the lidocaine group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The H&E-stained slices showed that inflammation was clearly inhibited in the lidocaine group. Lidocaine improved the survival of random skin flaps.

Effect of an Aloe Preparation and 5-Oxo-1,2,4-Triazine on the Redox Profile of the Blood of Turkey Hens Subjected to Stress

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether the introduction of stress affects corticosterone and malonyl dialdehyde levels and antioxidant indices of the blood of turkey hens, and whether additives used in conjunction with stress, such as aloe extract supplemented with trans-resveratrol and vitamin C or the amidrazone derivative 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine, can mitigate adverse changes that may occur in these parameters. The experiment was carried out on 360 turkey hens allocated randomly to 6 groups of 60 birds each. Groups C and C(+)stress were the control groups and did not receive any additive. Birds from groups A and A(+)stress were administered aloe extract with the addition of trans-resveratrol and vitamin C in the amount of 0.70 ml/kg body weight (BW)/ day. The turkey hens from groups T and T(+)stress received 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine in the amount of 30 μg/kg BW/day. Blood tests included determination of the content of corticosterone and malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), total plasma antioxidant potential (FRAP) and vitamin C, as well as activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT ) and glutathione peroxidase (PGx). The blood serum samples were also analysed for levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The stress factors applied resulted in a significant increase in the level of corticosterone and MDA and in SOD and CAT activity in the blood plasma of the turkey hens. A significant decrease in the level of vitamin C and total plasma antioxidant potential were also recorded in the birds treated with stress. The aloe preparation supplemented with trans-resveratrol and vitamin C caused a significant increase in vitamin C, FRAP, Fe and Cu, and a decrease in the corticosterone and MDA levels in the blood plasma of the turkey hens, while in the blood plasma of birds treated with 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine a significant increase was noted in superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in the malonyl dialdehyde level. In order to alleviate the negative effect of stress, supplementation of diets with aloe extract supplemented with resveratrol and vitamin C may be considered.

Hydrogen-rich water protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

To investigate the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. Male mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: normal saline (NS) control group, mice received equivalent volumes of NS intraperitoneally (ip); HRW control group, mice were given HRW (same volume as the NS group); APAP + NS group, mice received NS ip for 3 d (5 mL/kg body weight, twice a day at 8 am and 5 pm) after APAP injection; APAP + HRW group, mice received HRW for 3 d (same as NS treatment) after APAP challenge. In the first experiment, mice were injected ip with a lethal dose of 750 mg/kg APAP to determine the 5-d survival rates. In the second experiment, mice were injected ip with a sub-lethal dose of 500 mg/kg. Blood and liver samples were collected at 24, 48, and 72 h after APAP injection to determine the degree of liver injury. Treatment with HRW resulted in a significant increase in the 5-d survival rate compared with the APAP + NS treatment group (60% vs 26.67%, P < 0.05). HRW could significantly decrease the serum alanine aminotransferase level (24 h: 4442 ± 714.3 U/L vs 6909 ± 304.8 U/L, P < 0.01; 48 h: 3782 ± 557.5 U/L vs 5111 ± 404 U/L, P < 0.01; and 3255 ± 337.4 U/L vs 3814 ± 250.2 U/L, P < 0.05, respectively) and aspartate aminotransferase level (24 h: 4683 ± 443.4 U/L vs 5307 ± 408.4 U/L, P < 0.05; 48 h: 3392 ± 377.6 U/L vs 4458 ± 423.6 U/L, P < 0.01; and 3354 ± 399.4 U/L vs 3778 ± 358 U/L, respectively) compared with the APAP treatment group. The alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels had the same result. Seventy-two hours after APAP administration, liver samples were collected for pathological examination and serum was collected to detect the cytokine levels. The liver index (5.16% ± 0.26% vs 5.88% ± 0.073%, P < 0.05) and percentage of liver necrosis area (27.73% ± 0.58% vs 36.87% ± 0.49%, P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the HRW-treated animals. The malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly reduced in the HRW pretreatment group, but they were increased in the APAP-treated group (10.44 ± 1.339 nmol/mg protein vs 16.70 ± 1.646 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05). A decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the APAP treatment group and an increase of SOD in the HRW treatment group were also detected (9.74 ± 0.46 U/mg protein vs 12.1 ± 0.67 U/mg protein, P < 0.05). Furthermore, HRW could significantly increase the glutathione (GSH) contents (878.7 ± 76.73 mg/g protein vs 499.2 ± 48.87 mg/g protein) compared with the APAP treatment group. Meanwhile, HRW could reduce the inflammation level (serum TNF-α: 399.3 ± 45.50 pg/L vs 542.8 ± 22.38 pg/L, P < 0.05; and serum IL-6: 1056 ± 77.01 pg/L vs 1565 ± 42.11 pg/L, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, HRW could inhibit 4-HNE, nitrotyrosine formation, JNK phosphorylation, connexin 32 and cytochrome P4502E expression. Simultaneously, HRW could facilitate hepatocyte mitosis to promote liver regeneration. HRW has significant therapeutic potential in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation and promoting liver regeneration.

Interaction between blood selenium concentration and a levels of oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity in healthy children

The study aimed at defining the relationship between blood selenium concentration (Se-B) and levels of oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity in healthy children. The studies were conducted on 337 children (mean age: 8.53±1.92 years). The groups of individuals with Se-B <1st quartile (group I, Se-B<70μg/L), with Se-B fitting the range of 1st quartile and median (group II, Se-B: 70–76.9μg/L), with Se-B between the median and 3rd quartile (group III, Se-B: 77–83.9μg/L) and those with Se-B above the 3rd quartile (group IV, Se-B≥84μg/L) were distinguished. Level of oxidative stress was defined using determination of urine malonyldialdehyde concentration (MDA) and urine 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration (8-OHdg). Urine total antioxidant status (TAS) was determined. In group IV TAS was significantly higher than in groups I–III. A positive correlation was detected between Se-B and TAS. In healthy children an appropriately high Se-B seems to ensure higher total antioxidative status.

The Protective Effect of Hippophae Rhamnoides Carotenoid Extract Against Lipid Peroxidation in Crude Vegetable Oils

Vegetable oils are important elements of the human diet because they contain essential nutritional factors. Due to the manufacturing processes or inadequate conditions of storage, they may also contain lipid oxidation products that are toxic to the body. The purpose of this paper is to test the protective effect of carotenoid-rich extracts obtained from the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides on crude sunflower, pumpkin and olive oils oxidative processes. In order to evaluate the effect of antioxidant carotenoids, three stages were followed: thermal induction of lipid peroxidation in the presence of AAPH (2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride); determination of the level of lipid peroxidation in oxidized oils in the presence and absence of antioxidants, by quantifying the concentration of conjugated dienes and malonyl dialdehyde (MDA); determination of the level of lipid peroxidation by evaluating the profile of the fatty acids and the ratio between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA / SFA), using an GC-MS method. In the case of sunflower oil, it was observed that sea buckthorn fruit extract significantly decreased MDA concentration but does not significantly reduce the concentration of conjugated dienes. The protective effect of carotenoids is more evident in the case of oil from pumpkin seeds. In the olive oil, unlike the first two types of oils, the carotenoids extract inhibits both the MDA and the conjugated dienes formation to a lesser extent, statistically insignificant. Overall, the ratio UFA / SFA decreases in crude oxidized oils. In the oils in which carotenoids were added was observed an increase in the UFA / SFA ratio. Carotenoids fraction from sea buckthorn fruits, rich in xanthophylls’ esters, possess a good antioxidant effect, protecting vegetable oils against peroxidation processes induced in the presence of AAPH

The investigation of pro-oxidant: Effect of a new Schiff base and its metal complexes (Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn)

Background: Multifarious biological activities of Schiff base (SB) derivatives are well-known. Aim: In this study aimed that investigation of pro-oxidant effect of ([(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3methylurea]) derivative SB and its metal complexes. Material and Methods: Pro-oxidant effect was determined by antioxidant vitamins levels effect against malonyldialdehyde (MDA), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the serum of rats. To this end; 4-6 weekly Wistar albino rats were injected 25 mg/L 2 weeks subcutaneously for 3 days apart by 1 ml injection of a new compound and were then sacrificed 16 days later. Effect of these compounds serum MDA concentration, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, serum antioxidant vitamins A, E, C levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatograph. In the comparison done among a group. Result: It was observed that although other serum parameters were altered, groups in comparison with each other in the MDA, vitamins A, E and C concentrations were not statistically changed. Conclusion: It may conclude that the compounds tested the administered dose does not cause oxidative stress.

Toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

This study investigated the inductive effect of Alexandrium tamarense, a toxic dinoflagellate producing paralytic shellfish poison, on oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The individuals of F. chinensis were exposed to 200 and 1000 cells mL−1 of A. tamarense with their superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and caspase gene (FcCasp) expression in hepatopancreas determined at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In addition, apoptosis in hepatopancreas of F. chinensis at 96 h after exposure was determined through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The hepatopancreatic SOD and GST activities of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL−1 of A. tamarense showed a bell-shaped response to exposure time. The hepatopancreatic MDA concentration of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL−1 of A. tamarense increased gradually from 48 to 96 h, and such a trend corresponded to the decrease of GST activity. The hepatopancreatic FcCasp transcript abundance of F. chinensis exposed to 1000 cells mL−1 of A. tamarense was positively and linearly correlated to MDA concentration. Results of TUNEL assay showed that exposure to 1000 cells mL−1 of A. tamarense induced apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of F. chinensis. Our study revealed that A. tamarense exposure influenced the antioxidative status of F. chinensis and caused lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp.

Physiological responses of macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) to UV-B radiation exposure

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) on Gracilaria lemaneiformis, a commercial red macroalga and an important source of agar. To study the in-vitro effect of UVBR on G. lemaneiformis, this plant was cultivated and exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 40 μmol photons/(m2 ·s) and enhanced UVBR (0, 0.36, 0.72, 1.08, 1.44, and 1.80 kJ/(m2 ·d)) for 13 days. The samples were processed for histochemical analysis, and the growth rate, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic performance, reactive oxygen species levels, membrane permeability, malonyl dialdehyde contents and antioxidant capacity of G. lemaneiformis were investigated. After 13 days of exposure to PAR+UVBR, G. lemaneiformis showed photodamage and photoinhibition of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin), leading to a decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Further, there was a corresponding decrease in the relative growth rates and depigmentation and partial necrosis of the apical segments were noted after exposure to PAR+UVBR. Additionally, UVBR induced excess production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, eliciting a marked cellular membrane damage and antioxidative response.

Effects and action mechanisms of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the growth and cephalotaxine production of Cephalotaxus mannii suspension cells

To explore the effects of NaF on the growth and cephalotaxine production of Cephalotaxus mannii suspension cells, NaF was added into the C mannii cell suspension cultures at day 15 of culture time. It is documented that NaF suppressed cell growth but enhanced cephalotaxine production. The largest yield obtained of cephalotaxine reached to 9.57mg/L when the cultures were treated with an appropriate dosage of 15mg/L NaF, which was 3.7 times that of the control cultures (2.58mg/L). Additionally, NaF markedly enhanced the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and reduced the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of cells. It was also found that NaF weakened the oxidative damage of cell membrane and led to lower content of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) in NaF-treated cells compared with the control cells. The MDA content of NaF-treated cells decreased 91% compared to the controls. Although lower membrane lipid peroxidation in NaF-treated cells, its membrane permeability was higher than the control cells and showed a high product secret rate. What is more, NaF boosted the activity of phenylalanine ammonium-lyse (PAL), but did not burst a peak of PAL activity in the time curve of PAL activity. These results indicated NaF acted as an inhibitor of the Enbden Parnas (EMP) pathway, not as an elicitor to promote cephalotaxine production.

Phragmites sp. physiological changes in a constructed wetland treating an effluent contaminated with a diazo dye (DR81).

The role of Phragmites sp. in phytoremediation of wastewaters containing azo dyes is still, in many ways, at its initial stage of investigation. This plant response to the long-term exposure to a highly conjugated di-azo dye (Direct Red 81, DR81) was assessed using a vertical flow constructed wetland, at pilot scale. A reed bed fed with water was used as control. Changes in photosynthetic pigment content in response to the plant contact with synthetic DR81 effluent highlight Phragmites plasticity. Phragmites leaf enzymatic system responded rapidly to the stress imposed; in general, within 1 day, the up-regulation of foliar reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes (especially superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxidase) was noticed as plants entered in contact with synthetic DR81 effluent. This prompt activation decreased the endogenous levels of H₂O₂ and the malonyldialdehyde content beyond reference values. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity intensification was not enough to cope with stress imposed by DR81. GPX activity was pivotal for the detoxification pathways after a 24-h exposure. Carotenoid pool was depleted during this shock. After the imposed DR81 stress, plants were harvested. In the next vegetative cycle, Phragmites had already recovered from the chemical stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the role of GPX, GST, APX, and carotenoids along catalase (CAT) in the detoxification process.

P101 Comparative study with hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing derivative of naproxen ATB-346, naproxen and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor in the mechanisms of gastric mucosa injury induced by stress

Naproxen belongs to commonly used NSAIDs associated with less cardiovascular toxicity than selective COX-2 inhibitors and other NSAIDs but its use is limited due to serious gastrointestinal (GI)-tract adverse effects. Novel H2S-releasing derivative of naproxen (ATB-346) was shown to inhibit COX-1 and prostaglandins (PGs) generation without causing mucosal damage unlike parent drug but whether ATB-346 can affect stress-induced gastric damage remains unknown. We compared ATB-346 vs naproxen and celecoxib and determined the role of reactive oxygen species and cytokines in the action of these NSAIDs against water immersion restraint stress (WRS)-induced gastric lesions in rats. WRS exposed animals were pretreated with (1) naproxen, (2) ATB-346 (0.5–40 m/kg i.g.), and (3) celecoxib (10 mg/kg i.g.) with or without ODQ (5 mg/kg i.p.), selective guanylate cyclase inhibitor or BCA (10 mg/kg i.p.), the inhibitor of H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE. The number of gastric lesions was assessed by planimetry, the gastric blood flow (GBF) by H2-gas clearance technique, the malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, MPO and PGE2 generation, the plasma level of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha and the expression of SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR. Pretreatment with ATB-346 dose-dependently reduced WRS-induced gastric lesions; the dose inhibiting these lesions by 50% being 29 mg/kg, caused significant rise in GBF and fall in MPO and MDA content. These effects of ATB-346 were reversed by cotreatment with ODQ but not BCA (p

Effects of Selol 5% supplementation on the activity or concentration of antioxidants and malondialdehyde level in the blood of healthy mice

BackgroundSelol is a novel organoselenium Se(IV) compound. It reveals lower potential of toxicity than sodium selenite and does not exhibit mutagenic activity. Its antioxidant and anticancer properties including overcoming cancer cell resistance to standard therapy of the drug were proven. This is the first publication describing the influence of Selol 5% on the activity of blood antioxidant status in vivo. Materials and methodsWe investigated the influence of Selol 5% short-term (24h) and long-term (28 days) administration on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including the main selenoenzymes, in healthy mice plasma and erythrocytes. Plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity value (ORAC) and the concentration of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in plasma as a biomarker of oxidative stress as well as the value of selenium (Se) concentration in erythrocytes were shown. ResultsA significant increase of the selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) activity in plasma and erythrocytes, plasma selenoprotein P concentration, ORAC values, and Se concentration were observed during long-term supplementation as well as after Selol 5% single-dose administration, with two distinct increases of activity a few hours after the beginning of the experiment and before its end. We found a decreased thioredoxin reductase (THRR) activity and an increased MDA level during Selol 5% long-term supplementation. Glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) remained unchanged. ConclusionSelol 5% supplementation in vivo affects the selenoenzymes activities as well as the antioxidant status of plasma and erythrocytes. Selol 5% is an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase activity, which can be important in anticancer therapy.

VITAMIN C AND E SUPPLEMENTATION VERSUS STANDARD MELOXICAM REGIMEN IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE: A PRELIMINARY PILOT STUDY

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of vitamin C and E supplementation in remission of the symptoms of chronic degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis) of the knee. Design: A pilot controlled trial conducted from December 2009 until April 2011 among 46 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) in one or both knees. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to two different treatment groups and were either supplemented with ascorbic acid 1 gr × 2 daily per os together with vitamin E 100 mg × 3 daily per os or they were treated with meloxicam tabs 15 mg × 1 daily per os. Main outcome measures: A. Clinical markers: functionality of the knee (WOMAC index), pain (using a pain visual analogue scale) and the deficit in knee flexion and extension B. Laboratory markers: total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and concentration of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in the synovial fluid. Results: Twenty patients were randomly allocated into each of the two intervention groups. The treatment lasted for 20 days and the patients' status was evaluated every 10 days. The condition of the patients' knees in both treatment groups presented a significant improvement as recorded by the clinical markers; accompanied by an enhancement of TAC but with no effect on MDA levels. Conclusions: Administration of vitamins C and E has a similar effect in the remission of the symptoms of the OA in the knee, comparable to that of the treatment with meloxicam, but without the possible side effects and thus can be proposed as adjuvant therapy.

Physiological and biochemical responses of Syntrichia caninervis at a snowfall event in different desert habitats

Aims Water is the most constraining factor to the growth of plants in arid and semiarid regions of China. Biological soil crusts(BSCs) develop well in Gurbantunggut Desert and Syntrichia caninervis is a dominant species in the moss crusts of this cold desert. Compared to other desert ecosystems, the Gurbantunggut desert is home to stable and abundant snow cover in winter. The moisturizing and warming effects of snow cover provide the desert mosses with optimal growth conditions. Our objective in this study was to determine how S. caninervis shoots utilize the special snow resources under different microhabitats in early winter. Methods The experiments were conducted from prior to the snowfall and until following the snow thawing at a long-term study site of the Gurbantunggut Desert. We measured the physiological and biochemical characteristics in S. caninervis in three habitats: the live shrub, the dead shrub, an exposed area. The shoot water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, proline content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, malonyldialdehyde(MDA) content, peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity were compared. Important findings The results showed that snowfall increased moss water content, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm), soluble sugar content, SOD and POD activity. The content of proline and MDA were reduced with snow melting. Microhabitats influenced the physiological characteristics in S. caninervis, with the effects varying with snowfall event. The water content and chlorophyll fluorescence activity were significantly higher in samples under the living shrub, while in the exposed area S. caninervis had lower water content and chlorophyll fluorescence activity regardless of the snowfall cover. These findings suggested that the S. caninervisplants under the loving shrub experienced the least stress and had the best physiological performance but weak resistance, and that those in exposed area were more stress tolerant and had poorer physiological performance. Following the snowfall, proline content, MDA content, POD and SOD activity all had significantly negative correlations with plant water content; whereas the soluble sugar and protein content displayed significantly positive correlations with plant water content. The results indicated that snowfall reduced the water stress in S. caninervis, and enhanced their physiological performance and photosynthesis, with the effects being facilitated by the low temperature of the early winter.