Malocclusion Research Articles

The Relationship Of The Anterior Dental Malocclusion With The Incidence Of Gingivitis In Students Of Medical Faculty in Surabaya

Introduction: Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums, which is the initial stage of gum and periodontal tissue disease, characterized by red gingival tissue, bleeding easily, bad breath (halitosis), and the presence of debris on the teeth and cervical area. Misaligned tooth is said to be one of the predisposing factors for gingivitis. Purpose: To determine the relationship between the arrangement of the anterior mandibular teeth with the incidence of gingivitis in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. Methods: This study used a purposive sampling method with a total population of 125 subjects. From this population, 56 people were taken who experienced anterior crowding with gingivitis. The degree of malocclusion, i.e. anterior crowding, was examined clinically and was associated with gingivitis. The data obtained were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: There is a significant relationship between the anterior mandibular malocclusion and the incidence of gingivitis (p< 0,05). Conclusion: Anterior tooth arrangement affects the incidence of gingivitis among medical faculty students in Surabaya.

A study of the prevalence of dental anomalies among orthodontic patients of different age groups

The aim of the work was to determine the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies among orthodontic patients of different age groups. According to the analysis, it was found that for 11 months of work, 473 people turned to one orthodontist, which averages from 40 to 45 new visits per month. The largest group was the group of patients aged 18—35 years, which accounted for 66% of the total number of requests. Other age groups were distributed as follows: children under 12 — 20.5%; 12—17 years old — 11.2%; patients aged 36—55 years — 2.3%. Comprehensive orthodontic examination included biometric examination of models, analysis of cone-beam computed tomography, targeted radiography, orthopantomogram and teleroentgenogram. As a result of the studies, it was found that the diagnosis “K07.3 Anomaly in the position of individual teeth. Crowding of teeth” prevailed in each age group and was diagnosed in 88.58% of cases (419 people out of 473 examined). The crowded position of the teeth greatly complicates oral hygiene, contributing to an increase in the level of contamination by microorganisms, the formation of plaque, tartar, the development of dental caries and periodontal pathologies, resulting in early tooth loss. Taking into account the number of requests from patients under the age of 12 (20.5%), it was concluded that it is necessary to popularize orthodontics as a type of dental care that allows you to choose the most effective ways to solve problems caused by dental anomalies in childhood and adolescence with maximum accuracy.

Level of Knowledge of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior and Screening of Dental Maloclusion to Enhance Quality of Life Related to Dental and Oral Health In Medowo I and II Elementary School Students

Background: The elementary school period is a golden age for instilling the values of clean and healthy living behaviour (CHLB) and has the potential as an agent of change to promote CHLB in schools, families and communities so as to create quality human resources in the future. Currently children are very vulnerable to dental and oral health, because at that age there is a transition or change of teeth, namely from deciduous teeth to permanent teeth, for that special attention needs to be given to dental and oral health so that the growth and development of teeth can be maintained properly. Purpose: to enhance knowledge of CHLB and screening of dental malocclusion in an effort to improve the quality of life related to dental and oral health. Methods: 116 participants from grades 3-5 elementary school students. Data was collected by means of intraoral examination and filling out pre-test and post-tests questionnaires. Furthermore, an analysis of the frequency distribution data was carried out by mean of statistical analysis. Results: male students had higher caries (59 people) and those who were not caries (4 people), compared to girls (47 people) and those who were not caries (6 people). CHLB knowledge level is good (86.8%), moderate (8.2) low (5%). Conclusion: caries in boys is higher than in girls and all respondents’ knowledge of CHLB is good.

Doppler ultrasound assessment results at stages of orthodontic treatment

Relevance. A modern diagnostic complex when planning orthodontic treatment is impossible without assessing the condition of periodontal tissues.Purpose. To evaluate the changes in periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment.Material and methods. Blood velocity and flow rate in the anterior mandible were compared before and after the orthodontic treatment.Results. Blood velocity and volumetric blood flow rate significantly increased 6 ± 2 months after the beginning of orthodontic treatment.Conclusion. Orthodontic movement of crowded teeth using aligners proceeds without excessive pressure, which allows for a smooth and gradual change in the blood velocity and volumetric blood flow rate, pulsation index and peripheral resistance index.

Marfan syndrome and schizophrenia : a case report and literature review

Introduction Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder with connective tissue defects in multiple organ systems. Cardinal manifestations of this syndrome involve the cardiovascular, the skeletal and the ocular system. Interestingly, many cases of patients with Marfan syndrome and schizophrenia have been reported.ObjectivesDiscuss the etiological link between Marfan syndrome and schizophreniaMethodsPresentation of a clinical case illustrating the comorbidity between schizophrenia and marfan syndrome. A search was conducted in PubMed database using the terms : schizophrenia AND Marfan syndrome.ResultsMs JW a 36-year- old single women, she had schizophrenia since the age of 20 years, she was hospitalized in our service for psychotic relapse in a context of treatment discontinuation. She had a personal history of persistence of the ductus arteriosus for which she had been operated during her childhood, a scoliosis operated and multiple pathological fractures. On mental status examination, she was distressed and hallucinated, She had disorganized thought processes and a paranoid delirium. On physical examination, she had features suggestive of Marfan syndrome such as crowded teeth, a high arched palate, arachnodactyly , hyperlaxity and a high myopia. We don’t dispose genetic evaluation for marfan syndrom because of the nonavaibility of facilities to perform genetic analysis. Several studies have indicated that psychiatric symptoms might be part of the clinical profiles of marfan syndrom. However, their relationship and underlying pathogenesis are not easily clarified.ConclusionsCo-occurrence of marfan syndrom and schizophrenia might be explained by some shared etiological pathways between both disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Asymmetry index for the photogrammetric assessment of facial asymmetry

Facial asymmetry is common and can be clinically related to dental malocclusion, facial bone development, muscular imbalance, and soft tissues thickness, which should be assessed during diagnosis to choose proper treatment options. This study aimed to quantify the amount of symmetry/asymmetry in previously defined symmetrical and asymmetrical subjects, analyzing full-face 3-dimensional images. Seventy-six orthodontic patients' 3-dimensional face images were obtained with the 3dMD Trio-system (Atlanta, Ga) and processed with the Geomagic Control (64-bit; 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) software. Patients were divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical groups through a surface-based technique. Sixteen facial landmarks were positioned, an asymmetry index was calculated for each landmark, and an evaluation diagram of facial asymmetry was created through the asymmetry index mean and standard deviation of symmetrical and asymmetrical landmarks. The asymmetry index mean varied from 0.05 to 1.51 in the symmetrical group and from 0.05 to 2.84 in the asymmetrical group. This study suggests that landmarks located in the lower third of the face have a greater asymmetry index than other landmarks. The landmark-based technique does not exhibit statistically significant differences among asymmetrical and symmetrical patients for some landmarks. This approach provides useful information about the localization and the extension of asymmetry, in which bilateral landmarks showed a higher amount of asymmetry than median landmarks.

Relationship between short lingual frenulum and malocclusion. A multicentre study

ObjectiveAnkyloglossia is characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum, which impairs tongue movement. Ankyloglossia has been related to craniofacial growth disturbances and dental malocclusion. But even though there is a clear biological plausibility for this hypothesis, available evidence is scarce. MethodsA case–control design was followed. Patients between 4 and 14 years old were routinely screened for short lingual frenulum and recruited from the pediatric Otolaryngology consultation of 3 Spanish tertiary referral hospitals. Lingual frenulum was assessed with the Marchesan system. A cohort of cases with short lingual frenulum and a cohort of healthy controls matched for sex and age were included. Both cases and controls had pictures of occlusion. Occlusion was evaluated by an expert in orthodontics, blinded for the frenulum assessment. ResultsA total of 100 participants were included, 70 males and 30 females. The proportion of malocclusion in the short lingual frenulum group was 48%, while it was 24% in the normal frenulum group. The odds ratio of malocclusion for the short lingual frenulum patients was 2.92 (CI 95% 1.15–7.56). The difference was statistically significant (p=.012). This difference was significant for patients with class III occlusion (p=.029). There was no difference for patients with class II (p=.317). ConclusionsThis work supports the hypothesis that relates class III malocclusion with a short lingual frenulum.

Can the Treatment of Dental Malocclusions Affect the Posture in Children?

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment of the dental malocclusions can affect the postural attitude in children. Sixty patients aged 9-12 years in mixed dentition were enrolled. The patients underwent an orthodontic evaluation for dental malocclusion and a postural examination by means of a vertical laser line (VLL) and a stabilometric-baropodometric platform. The children were treated with a functional appliance according to the type of malocclusion for two years. The position of the head and of the atlanto-occipital joint (C0-C1) respects to the VLL, the typologies of podalic support and the distribution of the body weight on the feet were evaluated before and after the orthodontic treatment. A significant correction of the position of the head, with a physiological extension of C0-C1, a significant improvement of the typology of podalic support and a homogeneous distribution of the body weight on the feet were observed after the treatment of the malocclusions. Conclusion; From our results, the treatment of dental malocclusion can contribute to ameliorate the postural attitude in children.

Craniofacial Bone Mineral Density at Muscle Attachment Sites in Mice with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease commonly caused by mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene affecting the production of type I collagen, a major component of bone that determines the toughness of bone, or its resistance to fracture. Thus, patients with OI present with brittle bones and higher rates of skeletal fractures. Additionally, defects in the collagen framework of developing bones impair their biomineralization, further compromising bone mechanical properties. Previous work in our lab investigated BMD at cranial locations which experience compressive forces during feeding (e.g. joints). Muscles also contribute to cranial growth through tensile forces exerted on bone during contraction, but the relationship between muscle function and bone quality in OI is unclear. The aim of this study is to quantify the BMD in a mouse model of OI, with a focus on skeletal sites associated with cranial musculature. We hypothesize that the mice with OI will have lower BMD in skeletal areas associated with muscle attachment compared to their unaffected littermates.To test our hypothesis, we used the homozygous recessive OI murine (OIM) mouse (B6C3Fe a/a‐Col1a2oim/J), a model for the severe type III OI seen in humans. Adult (16 weeks old) OIM mice (n=11) and wildtype (WT, n=13) littermates were CT scanned, and BMD was measured using the Bruker CTAnalyzer software in 7 regions of interest encompassing muscle attachment sites on the mandible, zygomatic arch, and parietal bone. For each region, BMD values were compared between genotypes by a Kruskal‐Wallis test.OI mice had significantly lower BMD at the coronoid process (p=0.007), parietal bone (p=0.031), and posterior mylohyoid line (p=0.007) compared to WT mice. No significant differences were found in BMD at the gonial angle or zygomatic arch. This suggests a disproportionate weakness of the temporalis and mylohyoid muscles in mice with OI, but not in the masseter muscle. While type I collagen defects impact the structural organization of skeletal muscle, it is possible that masseter muscle function is preserved in OIM mice because of its key roles in rodent feeding and postural control of the jaw. The imbalance between temporalis and masseter muscles may contribute to the prevalence of dental malocclusions in human patients with type III OI.The findings of this study support further exploration of specific muscle groups (e.g. jaw adductors/temporalis, hyoid muscles/mylohyoid) and efforts to improve their functions during feeding, as a way of recovering facial growth and preventing dental malocclusions in OI. A better appreciation of muscle‐bone interactions in the skull and their effect on bone quality can potentially be used to inform oro‐motor therapies to improve feeding function, muscle strength, and facial bone quality for patients with OI.

YÜZ BÖLÜMLERİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE ORTODONTİK MALOKLUZYONLAR ARASINDA HERHANGİ BİR İLİŞKİ VAR MI? BÖLÜM I: FRONTAL GÖRÜNÜM

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate frontal facial features of individuals and analyze their relevance to orthodontic problems. Methods: Frontal photographs were taken and cephalometric data of 250 patient were collected. Photographs were used to evaluate facial dimensions, general symmetry, forehead, trichion anatomical landmark position, nostril visibility, nasal root breaking point, glabella position, cantus positions, eyeball symmetry, sclera visibility, nose symmetry and shape, nose widths, mouth width, lip vermillion areas and chin. Correlation between photographic data and malocclusion groups was statistically evaluated. Results: Forehead shape, nostril visibility, mouth width and chin symmetry differences were statistically significant due to type of skeletal malocclusion. Conversely, there are significant correlations between forehead shape, nose symmetry, upper lip vermillion, and chin symmetry and dental malocclusions. Chin asymmetry is mostly seen with skeletal Class III malocclusion, while nasal asymmetry with dental Class III malocclusion. Asymmetry is mostly seen in lower third of the face. In dental Class III malocclusion patients, forehead was mostly "wide". In front view, skeletal Class I and II individuals have increased nostril visibility and Class III decreased nostril visibility. Conclusions: The photographic analyzes add perspective to orthodontics. Skeletal class III patients are prone to asymmetries especially in lower third of the face.

Oral Health Status in Marfan Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 353 Cases

This meta-analysis aimed to compare Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients with non-MFS populations based on orofacial health status to combine publicly available scientific information while also improving the validity of primary study findings. A comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, for articles published between 1 January 2000 and 17 February 2022. PRISMA guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. We used the PECO system to classify people with MFS based on whether or not they had distinctive oral health characteristics compared to the non-MFS population. The following are some examples of how PECO is used: P denotes someone who has MFS; E stands for a medical or genetic assessment of MFS; C stands for people who do not have MFS; and O stands for the orofacial characteristics of MFS. Using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, independent reviewers assessed the articles’ methodological quality and extracted data. Four case-control studies were analyzed for meta-analysis. Due to the wide range of variability, we were only able to include data from at least three previous studies. There was a statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing and pocket depth between MFS and non-MFS subjects. MFS patients are more prone to periodontal tissue inflammation due to the activity of FBN1 and MMPs. Early orthodontic treatment is beneficial for the correction of a narrow upper jaw and a high palate, as well as a skeletal class II with retrognathism of the lower jaw and crowding of teeth.

Tripod Mandibular Advancement Surgery Used in a Class II Malocclusion with Receding Lower Jaw

This report concerns a relatively simple and reliable method of managing a case of maxillary dental malocclusion combined with a minor underdeveloped and receding mandible.

Variables Associated with Clinical Decision Making in the Treatment of Class I Malocclusion Patients

Background: To achieve treatment goals in orthodontics, the decision to extract or not extract premolars meets with debate. This includes cephalometric findings and study-cast analysis as influencing factors. This research aimed to identify variables that aid in clinical decision-making in the treatment of Class 1 malocclusion patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on pre-treatment records of Class I patients. All patients had a Class I dental and skeletal malocclusion. A sample of n=80 patients was included (40 extraction cases, 40 non-extraction). Cephalometric values and study-cast analysis for tooth-arch size discrepancy were performed and binary logistic regression was applied to run the univariate and multivariable analysis to investigate the association of different variables with extraction and non-extraction treatment. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were reported and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Univariate logistic regression showed that mandibular and maxillary crowding (p<0.001), overjet (p<0.001), SNGo (p= 0.01), nasolabial angle (NL) (p= 0.02), lower anterior facial height (LAFH) (p= 0.03) and upper lip in plane (ULE) (p= 0.05) had a significant association with the extraction and non-extraction groups. Hence, final multivariable logistic regression revealed that crowding (p< 0.01, 0.02), overjet (p= 0.009) and NL angle (p= 0.56) showed significant difference between the groups treated with and without extraction (p <0.05). Conclusion: The level of crowding in both the arches, the incisal overjet, and the nasolabial angle aid in the clinical decision-making for Class I malocclusion patients in choosing an extraction or non-extraction plan. Keywords: Extraction; Non-Extraction; Class I; Malocclusion; Patients; Orthodontics.

An Integrated Study of the Mesolithic Skeleton in Theopetra Cave, Greece: From the Skeleton Analysis to 3D Face Reconstruction

Skeletal evidence dating back to the Mesolithic period is scarce and should be studied under a multidisciplinary perspective. The primary objective of the study was to carefully assess the skeleton of a young woman from this era, named “Avgi,” to compile its bioarchaeological profile, analyze its paleopathology and dental pathology, and deploy a 3D reconstruction and modeling method in order to reveal her face. Both demographic and pathological information were drawn from macroscopically observing the bones, long bone X-rays, skull CT and X-rays, 3D modeling and printing of the skull, and panoramic dental X-rays. The Manchester method was used for the 3D facial reconstruction. On analysis, we determined that Avgi was a female adolescent, aged around 17–19 years at death, and likely suffering from iron deficiency anemia and Class III dental malocclusion. Notably, Harris lines and a hair-on-end pattern were identified in the long bones and skull radiographs, respectively. Various less significant skeletal lesions reflected potential minor pathologies. Our findings suggest that multidisciplinary collaborative approaches should be followed in the modern study of lesser-known past eras. Multiple scientific perspectives, as well as social structures, geographical aspects, settlements, population movements, and social networks should all be taken into account when assessing lifestyle characteristics and paleopathological signs in skeletal remains.

The Orthodontist's Role in Post-Battlefield Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction.

In modern conflicts, deployed members are more vulnerable to craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injury than in previous conflicts. Patients presenting with CMF trauma are susceptible to post-trauma dental malocclusion and may require lengthy rehabilitation to achieve pre-injury function. This study surveyed military health care professionals who are potential contributors to CMF trauma rehabilitation teams to evaluate the orthodontist's inclusion in treating to the final outcome. Following approval from the Defense Health Agency Information Management Collections Office (Control Number: 9-DHA-1031-E) and the Air Force 59th Medical Wing Institutional Review Board (Reference Number: FWH20210061E), a survey study was conducted from April 2021 to July 2021. Volunteer participants were recruited from orthodontists, oral maxillofacial surgeons, medical specialists, and other dental specialists who have worked in military healthcare. Respondents reported their current practice treating CMF trauma, self-evaluated their knowledge of different aspects of the process, and submitted their perceptions on system and patient-limiting factors which affect outcomes. Descriptive statistics were conducted for ordinal data and chi-square tests for categorical data. Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance compared cohorts with further Mann-Whitney U tests to distinguish the difference in cohorts. Valid responses were collected from 171 participants. The responses were mostly from active duty military (93%) and well distributed among orthodontists, oral maxillofacial surgeons, other dental specialists, and medical specialists. When reporting current CMF trauma treatment practices, the majority of dental specialists stated they most commonly participate in a multidisciplinary team that addresses any CMF trauma case (68.4%) whereas medical specialists most commonly act as solo independent provider practice (53.6%). Dental specialists reported follow-up with post-trauma patients greater than 1 year and medical specialists reported the shortest post-trauma follow-up time with a median of 0 to 3 months. The majority of participants selected at least one system factor limiting CMF trauma care (78.7%) and at least one patient factor limiting CMF trauma care (86.3%). When asked about orthodontic participation in multidisciplinary teams, the responses showed a great range with orthodontists never included in CMF trauma care 23.1% of the time and always consulted regarding trauma cases 10.7% of the time. Other survey data collected allows the investigators to draw conclusions regarding specific limitations to treatment and recommendations for improvement, along with qualitative responses from survey participants. Orthodontics, while available in the military, is underutilized in treating post-warfare or other CMF trauma. There are both system- and patient-limiting factors in the treatment of battlefield and non-battlefield CMF trauma. In addition, there are limitations to the inclusion of orthodontists in CMF trauma care which include the physical distance from primary treating specialists and the absence of standard referral protocols. Oral maxillofacial surgeons reported the highest understanding of the military orthodontist's contribution to a CMF trauma treatment team and medical specialists reported the lowest understanding. Advanced technology tools could help improve outcomes and multidisciplinary interactions. Further research is needed to study the complete CMF trauma rehabilitation process in military treatment facilities, evaluate the efficiency of cross-specialty referrals, and highlight best practices and protocols of functioning multidisciplinary teams.

A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Association between Dental Health Conditions and University Personality Inventory Scores among University Students: A Single-Center Study in Japan.

This study examined the association between dental health conditions and scores on the University Personality Inventory (UPI) among university students in Japan. Participants were freshmen at Yamagata University between 2010 and 2019. Dental check-ups, including dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and mental health screening using the UPI were performed; 12,433 students were included in the final analysis. A logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the association between dental health conditions and >30 UPI scores, which indicate the need to consult mental health professionals. Overall, students who required treatment for TMD had a 3.165-fold higher risk of >30 UPI scores (OR = 3.165, 95% CI = 1.710–5.857). Periodontal disease and TMD in male participants (periodontal disease: OR = 1.329, 95% CI = 1.108–1.595; TMD: OR = 3.014, 95% CI = 1.107–8.204) and TMD in female participants (OR = 2.938, 95% CI = 1.340–6.445) were significant risk factors for >30 UPI scores. Students requiring treatment for TMD were at risk of obtaining >30 UPI scores. Although our study has several limitations, students with subjective symptoms (e.g., disturbance in opening the mouth) should take the UPI test or in some cases consult mental health professionals.

Association between breastfeeding profile and malocclusion of children in a preventive program

Purpose: To analyze the influence of the breastfeeding profile on the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition in children participating and not participating in an educational-preventive dental program as well as its influence in these aspects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire filled in by the guardians combined with the examination of the occlusal characteristics of 400 children aged between 27 and 48 months, divided into 2 groups, 200 participants of a preventive dental program, Baby Clinic (BC), and 200 from schools from the city, not participating in a preventive dental program. The questionnaire included retrospective information on duration, type and form of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH). Clinical evaluation of dental occlusion was also performed, using the malocclusion index recommended by the World Health Organization. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: In both groups, a high percentage of mothers breastfed their children (90% BC; 84.5% schools); high percentage of children had NNSH (64.5% BC; 57.5% schools), as well as a high rate of dental malocclusion (63% BC; 58% schools), the main one being anterior open bite (20.5% BC; 15% schools). In both groups, a lower occurrence of malocclusion was observed in children who were exclusively breastfed for up to six months (29.5% BC; 16.5% schools). Conclusions: our results indicated that children who were breastfed up to 6 months had a lower occurrence of malocclusion compared to those who were weaned early.

Ortho-surgical treatment in Class II skeletal patients with mandibular retrognathism: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In the setting of class II malocclusion corrections, the union of orthodontic and surgical procedures was developed. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is standard protocol for correcting mandibular retrognathism. Class II dental malocclusion with deep bite needs to be treated early by orthodontics. Thus, the commonly used technique combines BSSO for mandibular advancement and recoil genioplasty to correct the resulting chin protrusion. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the main considerations of ortho-surgical treatments in class II patients with mandibular retrognathism. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized) with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results and Conclusion: A total of 128 articles was found involving class II malocclusion and ortho-surgical treatments. After, a total of 64 articles were fully evaluated and 24 were included and discussed in this study. A meta-analysis study evaluated the best functional appliance improving mandibular length in individuals with retrognathism. Sander Bite Jumping reported the greatest increase in mandibular length, with 3.40 mm. Another meta-analysis study compared dental, skeletal, and aesthetic outcomes between orthodontic camouflage and orthodontic-surgical treatment in patients with Class II skeletal malocclusion and retrognathic mandible with anterior growth. The difference between treatments was not statistically significant regarding SNA angle, linear measure of the lower lip to the Ricketts aesthetic line, convexity of the skeletal profile or soft tissue profile excluding the nose. In contrast, orthodontic-surgical treatment was more effective to the ANB, SNB and ML/NSL angles and the soft tissue profile including the nose.

Comparative study regarding the evaluation of facial aesthetics using the classical and computerized method

Tempting and disturbing by its purpose to correct dental malocclusions, but also asymmetries facial expressions, to shape smiles and to improve the quality of life, orthodontics has experienced a permanent dynamics in recent decades both by improving the means of diagnosis (digitization) as well as the introduction of increasingly high-performance materials: hybrid springs, mini-implants etc. An important diagnostic element in Orthodontics is photography made from the front and profile, which is also a forensic document, on which a series of angular and linear parameters are analyzed at the beginning and end of the treatment. Orthodontic diagnostic pictures are a non-invasive method of diagnosis and are made in the natural position of the head NHP, which is a standardized, reproducible position of the head in space where the subject is looking at a distant point of the eye level. The angular and metric values on the photo or teleradiography of the face/profile are essential elements in both establishing a diagnosis and the treatment plan that will aim to achieve a balanced face and a harmonious profile. These values can be transferred to the computer, and with the help of specialized software will be analyzed and interpreted for each clinical case. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of four angles that define the facial profile in a group of 30 patients (15 females and 15 males) patients aged 18-24 years with Angle I class malocclusions and bone growth finished. The values were measured on the profile photograph (after tracing the anthropometric points with an eye pencil) and statistically evaluated for both sexes, and the photos were scanned and important in the DSD software so that the same angles can be evaluated digitally. Digital orthodontics tends to take up more and more space in the assessment of an orthodontic case. In orthodontic treatments, the thickness of the soft parts that can compensate for an unsightly profile of the bone relief is taken into account.

Correction of Dental Malocclusion in Twins: Case Report

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major problem and challenge that hospitals around the world encounter. Nurses play a particular role in the prevention and control of HAIs as members of the healthcare team. The goal of this study is to analyze nursing students' understanding of nosocomial infection in Mysuru's selected colleges. Methodology: Due to the nature of the problem and the objectives of the study, the study takes a descriptive approach. 100 samples were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The tool used for data collection consisted of proforma for structured knowledge questionnaire. Reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was done using split half method and found r= 0.8 and the tools were found reliable. The pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the study design. Based on the objectives and hypothesis of the study, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean score for nosocomial infection was 15.19, and the SD was 4.91. Over half of the students had poor knowledge. The knowledge of nursing students regarding nosocomial infections was correlated with their year of study.