Malocclusion Research Articles

Shape Visualization of Dental Inclination in Class I and Bimaxillary Protrusion Malocclusions through Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the shape of dental inclination between Class I malocclusion and bimaxillary protrusive Malay patients using geometric morphometric analysis obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Materials and Methods: 128 Malay patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited; of which 64 patients were in Class I malocclusion and another 64 patients in bimaxillary protrusion groups. Samples were in the age range of 18 to 40 years old, with a gender distribution of 41 males and 87 females. Pre-treatment orthodontic lateral cephalometric radiograph were traced and digitized. Thirteen landmarks of each radiograph were incorporated and converted into coordinates using TPSUtil software. The plots were then exported to MorphoJ Software for multiple Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMA). Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in shape of dental inclination between the groups. Discriminant analysis and cross validation of these groups demonstrated 98% accuracy in identifying two types of dental malocclusion. The grid graphs illustrated the shape of dental inclination of the bimaxillary protrusion group as being significantly more proclined when compared to Class I malocclusion. Conclusion: This study concludes that the dissimilarities in dental inclination are identifiable in Class I malocclusion and bimaxillary protrusion and the shape differences can be visualized using geometric morphometric analysis.

Relationship Between Skeletal and Dental Malocclusions in the Sagittal Direction in Turkish Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the compatibility between skeletal and dental malocclusions in the sagittal direction.
 Material and Methods: 230 patients (male, female) aged 11-18 years, who applied to Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Dentistry Orthodontic Clinic, had no craniofacial anomaly, had not received orthodontic treatment and had no history of trauma, were included in the study. Individuals were divided into groups according to their ANB angles. The molar relationships in different sagittal skeletal malocclusions were examined. Descriptive analysis and the Pearson chi-square test were used to evaluate the information. The obtained data were statistically analyzed at the 5% significance level.
 Results: 230 individuals between the ages of 12-30 were divided into groups according to their ANB angles. In individuals with skeletal Class 1 malocclusion, the molar relationship was Angle Class II at most and Angle Class IV at most negligible. In individuals with skeletal Class 2 malocclusion, the molar relationship was determined as Angle Class II at most, while Angle Class III subdivision and no molar relationship were observed at least. In individuals with skeletal Class 3 malocclusion, the molar relation was Angle Class III at most, Angle Class IV at least, and no molar relation.
 Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that there was a significant relationship between skeletal malocclusions and molar relationships. However, it is thought that the molar relationship may vary due to different factors other than skeletal malocclusion.

Ortodontik Tedavi Görmek İsteyen Bireylerde Kaygı Düzeyleri, Temporomandibular Eklem Disfonksiyonu Skorları ve Ortodontik Maloklüzyon Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Ortodontik tedavi görme isteğiyle başvuran genç yetişkin bireylerde Beck Anksiyete İndeksi (BAI)
 ile belirlenen kaygı düzeyleri ve Fonseca Anamnestik İndeksi (FAI) ile belirlenen Temporomandibular
 Eklem Disfonksiyonu (TMD) prevalansı ile Sınıf I, Sınıf II ve Sınıf III ortodontik maloklüzyonlar arasındaki
 ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir.
 Gereç ve Yöntemler: Maloklüzyonlarının düzeltilmesi için ardışık olarak başvuran, 14-24 yaş arası
 genç yetişkinlerden oluşan 120 katılımcı çalışmamızın gerecini oluşturmuştur. Yapılan klinik muayene
 sonucunda dental maloklüzyonlarına göre bireyler Angle Sınıf I, II ve III olarak 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Her
 grup kendi içinde kadın ve erkek bireyler olarak iki alt gruba ayrılmış ve sonuçta her bir grupta 20 birey
 olacak şekilde 6 grup oluşturulmuştur. Hastalara rutin ortodontik muayenenin yanı sıra TMD prevalansı
 ve şiddetini değerlendirmek amacıyla FAI ve kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla da Beck Anksiyete
 BAI uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirmesi için Fischer’s Exact, Mann-Whitney U ve
 Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. BAI ve FAI arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için Kendall Tau-b
 korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p

Стан ясен у дітей з ортодонтичною патологією

The purpose of the study was an index assessment of the state of the gums in children in whom fixed equipment was used for the treatment of orthodontic pathology. Materials and methods. 89 children aged 14 to 17 years old with a fully formed permanent occlusion were examined. Group 1 included 31 children (34.8% of the total number) with occlusion pathology; group 2 – 36 children (40.4%) with occlusion pathology in combination with crowding of teeth; children of these groups were treated with the use of fixed orthodontic equipment; group 3 consisted of 22 children (24.7%) without orthodontic pathology. Rational oral hygiene was taught to all children. The assessment of the state of the gums was carried out according to the papillary-marginal-alveolar index in the modifications of M. Masser (1948) and C. Parma (1960) in points and percentages, and in accordance with the papillary bleeding index by U. Saxer and H. Műhlemann (1975). The initial index values were determined after 1 and 3 months. Results and discussion. In children of group 1, the papillary-marginal-alveolar index increased significantly from the initial values of 0.47 ± 0.03 points and 15.81 ± 1.09% (р˂0.05) to 0.80 ± 0.05 points and 26.77 ± 1.62% within 1 month and further decreased insignificantly (р˃0.05) to 0.73 ± 0.03 points and 24.19 ± 1.10% within 3 months. In the same period, the same dynamics was established in children of group 2, the corresponding indicators were 0.76 ± 0.03 points and 25.49 ± 1.11%; 1.18 ± 0.03 points and 39.31 ± 0.93% and 1.11 ± 0.04 points and 36.96 ± 1.32%. Children of group 3 had different dynamics with a gradual decrease in values – 0.31 ± 0.03 points and 10.30 ± 1.14%; 0.22 ± 0.02 points and 7.42 ± 0.66% and 0.20 ± 0.02 points and 6.52 ± 0.81%. Bleeding gums according to the papillary bleeding index in children of group 1 in the corresponding periods first increased significantly (р˂0.05) from 0.53 ± 0.03 points to 1.12 ± 0.04 points, then decreased significantly (р˂0.05) to 0.89 ± 0.03 points. In children of group 2, the indicators were significantly (р˂0.05) the highest in all terms with the same dynamics – 0.84 ± 0.03 points; 1.26 ± 0.03 points and 1.09 ± 0.03 points, respectively. A gradual and unreliable (р˃0.05) decrease in indicators from 0.25 ± 0.04 points to 0.24 ± 0.03 points and 0.19 ± 0.03 points was registered in the children of group 3. Conclusion. In the presence of occlusion pathology in children, as well as such pathology in combination with crowding of teeth during orthodontic treatment with the use of fixed equipment, the papillary-marginal-alveolar and papillary bleeding indices during one and three months of treatment increase significantly (р˂0.05) in comparison with the initial level, which can be justified by the aggravating effect of fixed orthodontic equipment and deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in these children associated with it

GAMBARAN MALOKLUSI GIGI TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP REMAJA USIA 12-14 TAHUN DI SMP NEGERI 29 SEMARANG

Background: Malocclusion is a condition in which the occlusion of the teeth is not in accordance with the normal condition. The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is still common and quite high. The state of malocclusion not only interferes physically but also mentally so that it can reduce the quality of life. Quality of life is seen from four domains, namely oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being. The purpose of this study was to describe the state of dental malocclusion in adolescents aged 12-14 years at SMP Negeri 29 Semarang and its relationship to quality of life.Method: It was a cross-sectional study with 75 samples aged 12-14 years that met the research criteria. Retrieving data used the Child Perception Questionnaire for ages 11-14 years (CPQ11-14) which had been translated into Indonesian. The examination ofmalocclusion severity used ICON index (Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need), anddata analysis used was Rank Spearman correlation test.Results: The results of 75 total samples found that the majority of samples with very mildmalocclusion severity as many as 30 samples (40%) had a good quality of life. There was a significant correlation between dental malocclusion and overall quality of life (p <0.05),in the domain of emotional well-being and social welfare there was a significant relationship (p <0.05), but in the oral symptoms domain and functional limitations there was no significant relationship with malocclusion namely (p-value 0.057) and (p-value 0.061).Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between dental malocclusion and overall quality of life (p>0.05

Oral health status and absence from school among 12 year olds.

To assess dental caries, periodontal status, malocclusion and absenteeism from school among 12-year-olds in Bhopal district, Central India. Two-stage random sample of 1238 school children. Decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT), Significant caries index (SiC), community periodontal index (CPI) and dental aesthetic index (DAI) were used to record dental caries, periodontal status and malocclusion. Information on absence from school in the previous year due to pain/discomfort in the teeth or mouth was collected via interviews. Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) examined the direct and indirect predictors of absence from school. A total of 39.1%, 17.3% and 23.9% of children had dental caries, calculus and gingival bleeding respectively. Mean DMFT and SiC scores were 1.82± 1.36 and 3.15 ± 1.47. 5,127 school hours were missed due to oral health problems per 1,000 children. None of the studied variables predicted absence from school. Utilization of dental care was associated directly with gender and malocclusion (p⟨ 0.001). Periodontal status was associated with male gender, nuclear families, tobacco consumption, and malocclusion (p⟨ 0.001). Higher DMFT was associated with male gender, malocclusion and experience of pain/discomfort (p⟨ 0.001). Poor oral health and a high prevalence of untreated dental caries were noted. Despite a considerable number of missed school hours reported due to dental conditions, none of the studied variables predicted absence from school.

Perfil epidemiológico de la salud bucodental de estudiantes de la FES Iztacala

Introducción: La Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS) afirma que la caries dental, la enfermedad periodontal y el cáncer oral y faríngeo se consideran los mayores problemas globales que afectan la salud bucal en países industrializados y en las comunidades más pobres de los países en desarrollo. El incremento de enfermedades bucales indica la necesidad de un acercamiento integral a la promoción de la salud bucal. Objetivo: Determinar el estado de salud bucodental y necesidades de tratamiento de estudiantes de la carrera de Cirujano Dentista de la FES Iztacala, UNAM. Material y métodos: Estudio no experimental, comparativo y transversal sobre el total de la generación 2005-1. Se utilizó la Encuesta de Salud Bucodental (OMS). Resultados: 536 sujetos, con edades entre 17 y 44 años (media 19.15); 30% hombres y 70% mujeres. La mayoría presentó tejidos extraorales y mucosa sanos. La caries se presentó en 98.6% de sujetos. El CPO fue de 2.28, con valor mínimo de 0 y máximo de 6.25. Se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo en el CPO, número de dientes sanos, obturados y perdidos, en favor de los hombres. Conclusiones: Se observa disminución del CPO, sin embargo la mayoría presenta dientes con caries y un incremento en la prevalencia de fluorosis dental y maloclusiones en relación a las encuestas anteriores.

EXTENSIVE RESECTION OF FIBROUS DYSPLASIA IN MANDIBLE WITH FIBULA OSTEOCUTANEOUS FLAP MICROSURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION

The objective is to report a clinical case of an 18-year-old White male patient who reported to the ambulatory of maxillofacial surgery reporting an increase in the mandible on the left side, painless and with 8 years of evolution. On clinical examination, he presented mandibular facial asymmetry with increased volume in regions of body, angle, and mandible branch, causing dental malocclusion. Computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction and scintigraphy examination were performed. A biopsy of the lesion resulted in a diagnosis of fibro-bone dysplasia. Considering the aggressive behavior of the lesion and the extent of infiltration of adjacent tissues, the surgical treatment performed was resection of the left mandibular segment using fibula osteocutaneous flap microsurgical reconstruction. The pathologic part was referred to the histopathology service of the hospital, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was followed postoperatively without any complications or signs of recurrence.

Early orthodontic treatment in the early permanent dentition

The early orthodontic treatment of malocclusion includes the growth modification of skeletal discrepancy, preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment of the dental malocclusion or oral habit. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment is to guide the normal dento-maxillafacial growth and development, eliminate the adverse effect on function of masticatory system and the health of dental and periodontal tissues. Most of the patients in the early permanent dentition are still in their pubertal growth period. Although all kind of comprehensive orthodontic treatment could be started from early permanent dentition, early orthodontic treatment can still be used in the cases such as class Ⅱ malocclusion caused by underdevelopment of mandible and crossbite caused by underdevelopment of maxilla in the early permanent dentition. The article will discuss class Ⅱ malocclusion caused by underdevelopment of mandible and anterior and posterior crossbite caused by underdevelopment of maxilla which are feasible for early orthodontic treatment.

CBCT Based Comparison of Pharyngeal Airway Area and Volume in patients with Angle’s Class I and Class II Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study

Aim: To ascertain if there was any association between dental malocclusion and narrow/constricted pharyngeal airway. Methods: It was a retrospective study and cross-sectional in design. Oropharyngeal airway volume and regional area for 58 patients having either Class I or Class II Angles malocclusion were evaluated on the CBCT scans. Results: Oropharyngeal airway volume and area among Angles class I and Class II patients was found to have no statistical difference. There was however statistical difference in the oropharyngeal regional area of male and female patients (t=2.395, p=0.020) with male patients having greater oropharyngeal regional area than female patients. Conclusion: In summary, this research concludes that Angles Class I or Class II malocclusion does not influence oropharyngeal airway volume or area. Gender had no impact on the size of airway volume but had significant influence on the oropharyngeal regional area with male patients having greater oropharyngeal area than females. Keywords: Oropharyngeal airway, CBCT, Class I Malocclusion, Class II Malocclusion

PERILAKU DAN KUALITAS HIDUP TENTANG GIGI BERJEJAL MURID SLT 12 BANDA ACEH

Dental and oral health is essential for general health and well-being and greatly affects the quality of life including speech, chewing, and self-confidence. Various diseases and disorders of the teeth and mouth can affect various functions, one of which is a disorder of the arrangement of teeth or malocclusion. A malocclusion is a form of occlusion that deviates from the standard form. This study aimed to determine the relationship between adolescent behavior regarding crowding of teeth, whether only about one or more teeth. The sample used the total population technique, namely the entire population, was sampled by 55 respondents and analyzed the data with the chi-square test. The results showed that most of the respondents had unfavorable behavior about crowding teeth, as many as 65.4%. The author assumes that respondents lack information about everything related to crowding teeth, causing them not to pay attention to the condition of their teeth properly. Questionnaire data showed poor dental maintenance behavior. In the statement about the quality of life, respondents did not feel that there was anything wrong, so they should be ashamed and not confident about the condition of their teeth. They only get annoyed when their teeth hurt. It can be concluded that the dominant adolescent behavior in the poor category is 65.4%, but the quality of life is dominant in the good category as much as 50.9%. It is suggested that respondents improve good behavior about crowding teeth so that their quality of life of respondents is getting better to avoid dental and oral diseases.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA DENGAN GIGI BERJEJAL DI SDN LAMSAYEUN ACEH BESAR

Parents should play an active role in supervising their children's dental and oral health care. Based on preliminary data conducted on 12 students of SDN Lamsayeun Kec. Want Jaya Kab. Aceh Besar got the results that 9 of his teeth had crowding teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of parental knowledge with crowding teeth in grade I, II and III children at SDN Lamsayeun, Want Jaya District, Aceh Besar district. This research is analytic with a cross sectional design, carried out on 8 to 12 November 2021. The population and sample are all students in grades I, II and III totaling 40 students and their parents. The results showed that students with dominant crowding had parents with sufficient knowledge as many as 9 respondents (100%). Meanwhile, students with dominant crowding had parents with poor knowledge of 13 respondents (54.2%) and students who did not experience dominant crowding had mothers with poor knowledge of 11 respondents (45.8%).The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained a value of p = 0.006 (p <0.005), Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between parental knowledge and crowding of children's teeth at SDN Lamsayeun Kec. Want Jaya Kab. Aceh Besar.
 

A Guide to Orthodontic Devices for Trainees in Orthognathic Surgery

Purpose: Despite the interplay between orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, trainees in plastic surgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery do not receive formal training in orthodontics and associated hardware. This study aims to help surgical trainees better understand the role of orthodontic treatment in achieving enhanced dental occlusion and alignment and optimize surgical decision making. Methods: A review of recent literature was conducted to consolidate current practices for the use of orthodontic devices commonly used in orthognathic surgical patients. Results: Orthodontic treatments may be preventive, interceptive, and/or corrective. Braces and clear aligners are popular devices used to correct tooth positioning via 3 orders of control: first (“in-out” and rotation), second (mesio-distal angulation or “tip”), and third order (inclination or torque). Further, various treatments exist for skeletal and dental malocclusions, which may occur in transverse (crossbites, narrow arches) and/or sagittal (over/underbites) planes. Palatal expanders such as the Hyrax or Haas assist in correction of transverse deficiencies. Appliances for sagittal corrections typically take advantage of patient’s remaining growth and include a variety of headgear types (cervical, high-pull, occipital, reverse-pull), functional appliances (fixed or removable), or simply the use of interdental elastics. Conclusion: As patients are increasingly seeking orthodontic care in conjunction with surgery, it is important for surgical trainees to develop a strong understanding of the various orthodontic devices used.

Caries prevention during removable orthodontic treatment: a scoping review protocol

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Removable orthodontic treatment corrects dental and skeletal malocclusion by utilising various types of removable appliances. Although removable orthodontic treatment has a reduced risk of dental caries compared to fixed orthodontic treatment, removable appliances create niches for cariogenic microorganisms to increase their numbers and lead to an ecological shift. However, there is insufficient information on caries prevention during removable orthodontic treatment. The protocol details the research for a scoping review of caries prevention during removable orthodontic treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis guidelines. Published primary and secondary research studies (including reviews), guidelines, websites, and reports that are written in English until April 2022 will be searched from seven databases, including Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, CINAHL, MEDLINE, via EBSCOHost, Scopus, Cochrane, Google, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers (HP and ZM) will analyse the retrieved articles simultaneously using the parameters and three-step strategy recommended by JBI. Obtained numbers of included and excluded identified sources will be presented in a PRISMA flow diagram and the data extraction table will demonstrate the variables from included sources.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this review will be summarised in a narrative description to facilitate guidance in clinical practice and research for health professionals.</p>

Reliability analysis using the in-lux examination method for dental indices in adolescents for use in epidemiological studies.

To evaluate the in-lux examination method to assess the reliability of examiners for oral health surveys. A calibration study involving 10 examiners and 27 patients was conducted, and high-quality photographs of dental epidemiological indices were projected. The latter refers to the in-lux examination method. Two groups, comprised of five examiners each, were trained to assess dental caries (DMFT index) and malocclusion (DAI). The first group carried out in vivo (clinical) and in-lux examinations in the same patients. The second group performed in-lux examinations only. The measurements were repeated to obtain intraexaminer weighted kappa coefficients. Interexaminer weighted kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method for DMFT and DAI ranged from 0.597 to 0.851 and from 0.574 to 0.844, respectively. The values for in-lux examination were between 0.440 and 0.856 (DMFT) and between 0.524 and 0.783 (DAI). The intraexaminer kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method ranged between 0.569 and 0.851 (DMFT) and between 0.644 and 0.834 (DAI). In the in-lux method, these values were between 0.426 and 0.831 (DMFT) and between 0.341 and 0.838 (DAI). Three examiners did not reach the minimum acceptable kappa value (k=0.610) for DMFT, and one for DAI. Of these, one examiner managed to reach the minimum kappa coefficient for DMFT after additional training. The three others maintained the kappa coefficients at lower than acceptable limits. Calibration, using both in vivo and in-lux examination methods, was able to discriminate the examiners regarding their reliability to reproduce dental indices. The in-lux examination method was considered reliable and can replace the in vivo examination method. The in-lux method might be more feasible to evaluate the reliability of examiners when clinical calibration is unrealistic due to logistic issues and when a large number of examiners are involved in the survey.

Prevalence of Malocclusion in Brazilian Quilombola Adolescents

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in Quilombola adolescents living in rural area in Northeastern Brazil.Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 36 Quilombola adolescents aged 12-19 years were evaluated. Data collection was performed at home between January and April 2020 by a trained researcher using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software and presented using descriptive statistics.Results: More than two thirds of adolescents had already visited the dentist at least once in life (72.2%), with the last dental visit having occurred less than a year ago (57.7%), with predominance of public dental service (84.6%). There was higher frequency of lower anterior misalignment (86.1%) and dental crowding (83.4%) in two segments (55.6%). Almost all adolescents presented dental malocclusion (97.2%), with very severe or disabling severity (44.4%).Conclusion: The prevalence of very severe malocclusion was high in Quilombola adolescents, expressing the need for treatment of this population.

Calcification of the Atlanto-Occipital Ligament (Ponticulus Posticus) in Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Ponticlus Posticus (PP) is a rare anomaly of the first cervical vertebra easily identifiable in lateral cephalometric radiograph and typically required for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the PP prevalence in lateral Cephalograms in a cohort of orthodontic patients treated at the Dental School of the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Italy, and to find possible connection between PP and other dental anomalies, as well as the patient’s cephalometric characteristics. Methods: A total of 150 panoramic radiographs and 150 lateral Cephalograms, obtained for orthodontic use only, were evaluated. No patients were referred to for congenital syndromes or disease, or a history of previously occurred maxillofacial trauma. A detailed cephalometric study was performed for each patient, and the whole cohort was divided according to the common three dental malocclusion classes. The values obtained were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: PP prevalence was 8% (12 of 150 cases), where the complete and partial forms observed 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Although females were more affected (9.6%), no statistically significant sex-related difference was found. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship regarding age or dental anomalies (dental agenesis/palatal impacted canines) among the groups was observed either. Cephalometric analyses revealed that half of the subjects with PP were sagittal skeletal class I and had vertical hyper-divergence. Conclusions: PP is a frequent anatomical variation of the cervical vertebra, apparently unrelated to the skeletal malocclusion type or dental anomalies. The current study needs to further confirm the congenital hypothesis of PP’s origin already reported in literature.

Prevalence of malocclusions in patients attended at the orthodontic service of the high specialty center

Introduction: The stomatognathic system is constituted by interconnected anatomical elements, its functions are chewing, swallowing, breathing and speaking. During these the mandibular closure occurs, contacting the arcades, (occlusal relationship). Occlusal abnormalities begin at an early age, causing dentofacial deformities that interfere with overall well-being, affect aesthetics, chewing, respiratory, speech or physical and psychological balance functions. Dental malocclusion is any deviation from the ideal occlusion, alters the intercuspidation of the teeth. In Mexico, 60% of the population presents some malocclusion, placing as a health problem, associated with oral habits. In Veracruz there is no documented evidence of this problem.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in children in Veracruz.Material and Methods: Epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional, comparative and retrospective clinical study in 85 patients aged 6 to 11 years, served in CAE during 2011-2015.Results: Obtaining that 53.95% presented Class I, 37.8% Class II and 8.2% Class III, 38 of the cases (43.7%) presented oral habits with a higher prevalence in the male sex, being the lingual projection the most frequent, 21.1% in ages of 6 to 7 years.

Dominant osteogenesis imperfecta with low bone turnover caused by a heterozygous SP7 variant.

Mutations in SP7 (encoding osterix) have been identified as a rare cause of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta ('OI type XII') and in one case of dominant juvenile Paget's disease. We present the first description of young adult siblings with OI due to a unique heterozygous mutation in SP7. The phenotype was characterized by fragility fractures (primarily of the long bone diaphyses), poor healing, scoliosis, and dental malocclusion. Both siblings had very low cortical volumetric bone mineral density on peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the radius (z-scores -6.6 and-6.7 at the diaphysis), porous cortices, and thin cortices at the radial metaphysis. Histomorphometry demonstrated thin cortices and low bone turnover with reduced osteoblast function. Both siblings were heterozygous for a missense variant affecting a highly conserved zinc finger domain of osterix (c.1019A>C; p.Glu340Ala) on DNA sequencing. Co-transfection of plasmids carrying the SP7 mutation with DLX5 and a luciferase reporter demonstrated that this variant impacted gene function (reduced transcription co-activation compared to wild-type SP7). The low cortical density and cortical porosity seen in our patients are consistent with previous reports of individuals with SP7 mutations. However, the low bone turnover in our patients contrasts with the high turnover state seen in previously reported patients with SP7 mutations. This report indicates that dominant variants in SP7 can give rise to OI. The predominant feature, low cortical density, is common in patients with other SP7 mutations, however other features appear to depend on the specific variant.

Assessment of the relationship between fractal analysis of mandibular bone and orthodontic treatment duration : Aretrospective study.

This retrospective study aimed to determine whether acorrelation exists between the fractal dimension value and overall orthodontic treatment duration in children and young adults. The study included atotal of 643 patients (age: 10-25 years) who received orthodontic treatment between January 2015 and March 2020. Patient records and pretreatment panoramic radiographs were evaluated. The regions of interest selected for calculating fractal dimension were the bilateral mental foramen regions of the mandible. Fractal dimension was set in relation to orthodontic treatment duration using alinear regression model which was also adjusted for potential confounding variables. Total treatment duration was the outcome variable of interest used as acontinuous variable. The predictor variables of interest included age, gender, type of dental and skeletal malocclusion, vertical growth pattern, extraction type, and fractal dimension. The mean age, treatment duration, and fractal dimension were 14.56 years, 27.01 months, and 1.23 mm, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the fractal dimension had asignificant influence on overall treatment duration (P < 0.001). From the other variables, Angle classII malocclusion significantly influenced treatment duration (P < 0.01), age showed asignificant negative correlation with treatment duration (P < 0.01), and treatment duration significantly increased for patients with tooth extractions (P < 0.001). There was anegative correlation between fractal dimensions at the mandibular mental region and total orthodontic treatment duration. Fractal dimension analysis may help to understand physiologic features of alveolar bone and predict orthodontic tooth movement.