Malmquist Index Research Articles

Análise da produtividade na alocação de recursos do FUNDEB no estado do AMAPÁ entre 2010 e 2019

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the productivity in the allocation of resources from the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valorization of Education Professionals from 2010 to 2019 with panel data, through the Malmquist Index, in the 16 municipalities of the state of Amapá, for the 5th year of elementary school. The results showed a significant inequality between the municipalities, however, even so, the Basic Education Development Index scores improved by 31.88% in the ten years analyzed. Productivity from 2010 to 2019 increased by 3.8%. The period of greatest productivity growth was between 2010 and 2011, with 17.1% growth. The period with the worst result was from 2012 to 2013, with a decline of -6.8% in total productivity.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ІСНУЮЧИХ МЕТОДІВ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ АЕРОПОРТІВ ПРИ МІЖНАРОДНІЙ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to the study of methods for assessing the operation of airports under international integration and their improvement. The recent scientific studies on assessing the operation of international airports were analyzed and it was found that the most actively used methods are the initial data envelopment analysis (DEA) and various variants of quantile regression, Tobit regression, assurance region methods, SBI and DMU, Malmquist index, classification and regression tree, bootstrapping tool and other tools. It was confirmed that the existing methods for assessing the airports’ operation have a significant number of indicators for calculations based on the evaluation of economic, technical or overall efficiency. The parametric methods for assessing the operation of airports, their advantages and disadvantages were characterized. The methodology of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), the use of a non-parametric approach to evaluate airport performance, and the evaluation of the overall efficiency of two-stage DMUs with shared resources were described. The methodical approaches based on the use of the spatial regression model, the AAG model and the stochastic frontier model were characterized. The methodology for determining the target function Effi to assess the efficiency of each airport DMUi was described. The scheme for assessing the airports’ operation by input and output indicators was proposed, which includes a three-module assessment system for the passenger, cargo and joint modules. The cargo module is the authors’ own development and its creation is justified by the fact that a significant number of air cargo flows are served by passenger aircraft. The group of input indicators of the cargo module includes the length of the loading and unloading work front, the number of cargo receiving points, the working area of rack and stack storage, the number of electric forklifts and lift trucks, as well as the number of cargo warehouses, and the number of general and special categories of cargo are defined as output indicators.

Research on the High Quality Development of Ice and Snow Sports Tourism Industry under the Integration of Sports and Tourism

Abstract With the successful bidding for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the ice and snow sports tourism industry has received extensive attention from society. In this paper, under the background of the integration of sports and tourism, we construct an efficiency assessment system for the ice and snow sports tourism industry and then use the entropy value method and coefficient of variation method to improve the DEA model and construct a combination-weighted SE-SBM model to explore the operational and developmental efficiency value of the ice and snow sports tourism industry. In addition, considering the changes in regional industrial productivity over time, the Malmquist index model is utilized to respond to the dynamic development efficiency of the ice and snow sports tourism industry. Finally, the development efficiency of the ice and snow sports tourism industry is analyzed based on the panel data of some regions in China from 2014-2023, in which the mean value of the development efficiency of Jilin and Heilongjiang reaches 1.22778. Among the influencing factors, the value of weight gained from expanding consumption is 0.5426, which is greater than that of the other three factors. This study proposes that expanding consumption is the key to promoting the development of the ice and snow sports tourism industry.

Evaluation of the double-cycle benefits of international engineering cooperation and the Western economy - based on the SFA methodology

Abstract In the era of globalization and development, international engineering cooperation is crucial to the improvement of economic efficiency in the West. This paper selects panel data from six regions in the West from 2019-2022 and selects reasonable input-output indicators and environmental variable indicators. At the first stage of the three-stage DEA model, the static measurement of Western economic efficiency is first measured using the variable scale compensation (BCC) model. The SFA model is utilized to decompose the slack variables during the first stage and adjust the input variables without affecting environmental variables. In addition, the Malmquist index model is used to analyze the efficiency of the Western economy dynamically in order to have a more comprehensive evaluation of the double-cycle efficiency of the Western economy from the perspective of dynamic and static. The results of the study show that after removing the effects of environmental factors and random errors, the average values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency in the third stage of all western regions have increased by 0.0175, 0.0193, and 0.0194 compared with those in the first stage, and the annual average total factor productivity index has shown a decreasing and then increasing trend. The SFA method used in the study can effectively eliminate the influence of environmental factors and random factors and evaluate the double-cycle efficiency situation of international engineering cooperation and the Western economy more comprehensively.

Rebranding and SWOT Analysis of Geographical Indication Agricultural Products in Jilin Province under Digital Transformation

Abstract This paper uses the DEA model and the Malmquist index model to look at how well building a geographical indication brand for an agricultural product works in prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province. It also looks at how the performance of building a geographical indication brand for an agricultural product changes over time in prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province. Then, a brand competitiveness evaluation system was made up of regional elements, brand elements, industrial elements, and support elements. The level of development of agricultural product brand competitiveness in Jilin Province was looked at using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and hierarchical analysis. The results of the evaluation were used to find the factors that affect the improvement of its brand competitiveness, which helped to map out the next steps for reshaping agricultural product brands in Jilin Province. The comprehensive evaluation of the brand competitiveness of agricultural products in Jilin Province has a specific score of 81.4, and the regional element, brand element, product element, and support element have specific scores of 82.01, 83.2, 81.66, and 80.7, respectively. This study provides references to promote the development of agricultural products’ geographical indications and to enhance the competitiveness of the corresponding brands, and it enriches and improves theoretical research on the competitiveness of the brands of agricultural products’ geographical indications.

Changes in technological innovation efficiency and influencing factors of listed textile and apparel companies research--Based on three-stage DEA with Tobit modeling.

The key to high-quality development in the textile and apparel industry lies in enhancing technological innovation and optimizing the efficiency of technological innovation. Based on data from 60 A-share listed companies in the textile and apparel sector in China from 2013 to 2022, this study employs a three-stage DEA model and the Malmquist index model to measure changes in technological innovation efficiency from static and dynamic perspectives. Additionally, it uses a Tobit model to analyze the impact and mechanisms of management and financial factors on technological innovation efficiency. The results indicate that: (1) Compared to the manufacturing industry and its sub-sectors, the overall technological innovation efficiency of listed textile and apparel companies was relatively low and showed a declining trend between 2013 and 2022; (2) Over the decade, the average total factor productivity of these listed companies increased by 1.7%, exhibiting a "W" shaped fluctuation, with technological progress, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency all showing weak improvement; (3) Management and financial factors significantly influence technological innovation efficiency. Specifically, employee quality, profitability, and operational capability are positively correlated with technological innovation efficiency and have long-term effectiveness, while firm age, management costs, equity concentration, development ability, and debt repayment capacity are negatively correlated with technological innovation efficiency; (4) Different types of enterprises show differences in the significance of management factors, while whether the same person holds both managerial positions significantly affects financial factors.

Carbon unlocking efficiency study based on super-efficiency SBM-Malmquist

Carbon Neutrality goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as new requirements for global development at this stage, have raised higher requirements for achieving the coordination of economic efficiency and ecological development of transportation infrastructure, especially highways. To promote the achievement of Carbon neutrality goals and SDGs, this research intends to study the effect of highways on the efficiency of carbon unlocking in each province. In this paper, we take China as an example, use the data of 18 listed highway companies and their provinces from 2010–2021 to conduct the study, measure the static carbon unlocking efficiency by using the super-efficiency SBM model with undesirable outputs, combine with the Malmquist index model for the decomposition of the efficiency and the dynamic analysis, and use the Tobit regression model to analyze the factors affecting the carbon unlocking efficiency. The results show that (1) From a static perspective, the carbon unlocking efficiency shows a steady upward trend, and the carbon unlocking efficiency has been in a state of low efficiency in general, with obvious regional differences. (2) From a dynamic perspective, carbon unlocking efficiency changes are relatively flat, and the carbon unlocking efficiency change index is in the rising stage, relying on technical efficiency can effectively improve the level of carbon unlocking efficiency. (3) The regional economic level, industrial structure, and urbanization level have a significant positive correlation with carbon unlocking efficiency, while the level of scientific and technological development and the level of opening up have a negative effect.

Practical Application of Intelligent Technology in Grassroots Public Governance and Its Enhancement of Governance Effectiveness

Abstract The application and development of intelligent technology in the field of public management has accelerated the governance mode change and process evolution. As a new mode and direction of governance system and technological innovation in the new era, holistic smart governance has a high theoretical coupling with grassroots public governance. Based on the transformation path of grassroots public governance, the study designs a holistic smart governance model for the application of intelligent technology in grassroots public governance and then measures the effectiveness of grassroots public holistic smart governance using the static DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model. Subsequently, data from 16 regions in Province M are taken as examples for empirical analysis, and the augmented regression number model is utilized to explore the relative strengths of the influencing factors and the ways of influencing them. The results show that M4, M7, M9, M12, M13 and M15, six regions realize DEA effective, but the average value of the annual technology change index is greater than 1 only in M7, M12 and M15, some regions have poor technological innovation capacity, production technology is difficult to innovate, and the innovation capacity and grassroots public governance are not coordinated with the input governance. M = 3055 under the augmented regression tree in the ratio of housing expenditure to per capita disposable income has the greatest impact on grassroots public governance in society (27.54%), which needs to be focused on. The study concludes that governance effectiveness can be realized in five areas: governance philosophy, governance objectives, governance approach, governance structure, and governance path.

Assessing the progress of the mining industry towards green growth in China: A three-stage dynamic network slacks-based measure approach

Promoting green growth in the mining sector requires efficient use of mineral resources, improving economic operations' quality and performance and strengthening ecological and environmental governance. Local economies face different and conflicting plans, along with potential implementation constraints, while implementing green growth initiatives. Efficiency in mining green growth is a crucial aspect to monitor the progress of China's local mining industry in the future. This paper presents a framework for three-stage network structure evaluation of mining industry's green growth efficacy. A dynamic network model, using Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) approach, analyzes the green growth of the mining industry in 21 Chinese provinces between 2005 and 2019. The Malmquist index is used to analyze the dynamic patterns and endogeneity of mining green growth efficiency. The results show that the efficiency of most provinces exhibited a decrease before rebounding during the observation period. Overall efficiency is strongly correlated with improved eco-performance, which is a result of green mining. There are substantial discrepancies in the pace and extent of green growth across different provinces, with a few boasting growth rates exceeding 25% annually. Eastern provinces, particularly Hubei, Fujian, and Shandong, demonstrate impressive trends and substantial potential. However, the unsatisfactory situation in the Northeast and Xinjiang regions persists. Their lack of effectiveness can be attributed to various sub-processes.

Assessing Manufacturing Efficiency in Central Plains Cities: A Three-Stage DEA and Malmquist Index Approach

Assessing Manufacturing Efficiency in Central Plains Cities: A Three-Stage DEA and Malmquist Index Approach

Banking productivity analysis in Indonesia: Empirical evidence using Malmquist Productivity Index based DEA and an Error Correction Model approach

The level of productivity can be used as a benchmark for assessing the performance of a bank so that we can find out how efficient a bank's performance is or how banking productivity is so that we can still get maximum and efficient performance amidst the many choices of customers in choosing bank. This research examines how banking productivity has changed in Indonesia, using banking report data in Indonesia for the 2017-2022 period. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) linear programming model, which is used based on the Malmquist Index to measure changes in Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Regression model to describe what variables influence changes in banking productivity in Indonesia. With the Error Correction Model, the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Return on Equity (ROE) have a significant effect on productivity in the long term. The pandemic crisis does not affect productivity. Meanwhile, in the short term, Net Interest Margin has a significant effect on banking productivity in Indonesia.

Efisiensi dan Produktivitas BPJS Kesehatan Tahun 2014 – 2021 (Metode Data Envelopment Analysis dan Malmquist Index)

Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) is a legal entity formed to administer the National Health Insurance program (named JKN) with the principles of social health insurance. Management of social security funds (named DJS) carries high risks. To measure the sustainability of the JKN program, BPJS Kesehatan is required to perform efficiently and productively. This study aims to measure Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS Kesehatan) 's efficiency and productivity from 2014 to 2021. The calculations in this study are relative, not absolute. This non-parametric quantitative research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods. This study uses an intermediation approach with BPJS Operational Expenses (X1) as input variables, then Contribution Income (Y1) and Health Insurance Expenses (Y2) as output variables. The results showed that BPJS Kesehatan had inefficiencies in 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018. As for 2015, 2019, 2020, and 2021, BPJS Kesehatan has achieved an optimal efficiency value of 100%. The Malmquist Index measurement shows that BPJS Kesehatan has experienced an increase in productivity with a score of > 1, except in the second year (2015 – 2016).

Assessing Operational Efficiency and Technological Progress: An In-depth Study of China’s E-payment Concept Listed Companies Using DEA-Malmquist Index

Electronic payment (e-payment) enterprises are third-party e-commerce platforms that provide services for buyers and sellers through network service platforms. This study evaluates the operational efficiency of 42 e-payment concept listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2014 to 2019, using the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist index model. The research results show that the overall operational efficiency of e-payment concept listed companies is in a good state, but some companies are constrained by constant or decreasing returns to scale, and should improve their management ability, streamline their organization, integrate their internal resources, accelerate their structural adjustment, reduce their invalid input, and increase their output level. Moreover, e-payment related enterprises should increase their research and development investment, pay attention to technological innovation, and enhance their core competitiveness. Facing the ever-changing market and more and more competitors, enterprises should use time and opportunity as competitive resources, seize the initiative, and avoid being eliminated by the market. This study provides a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the operational efficiency of e-payment concept listed companies in China, and offers some suggestions for improving their performance and competitiveness in the e-payment industry.

DEA-Based Malmquist Productivity Indexes for Assessing Greek Tourism Regions

For this research project, a DEA-based Malmquist index model was built to evaluate the effectiveness and productivity of Greece's thirteen distinct tourist zones. The purpose of this article is to present a statistical analysis comparing the economic performance of different tourist locations in Greece. It does this by using a technique known as data envelopment analysis (DEA), which measures the Malmquist efficiency of the tourist sector in each of Greece's thirteen regions for the years 2017-2021. According to the findings of our study, the level of competitiveness enjoyed by a number of Greece's areas has not increased throughout the period under review. Our study approach and results give a reference for places in Greece that urgently need quick tourist growth to affect economic recovery. This need arises against the background of global climate change, the energy crisis, and the age that follows COVID-19.

Research on the Operational Efficiency of Chinese Medical Institutions Based on the Three-Stage DEA——Malmquist Index Model

To further investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operational efficiency of hospitals in China, this article uses the DEA-Malmquist model to measure and analyze the operational efficiency of hospitals in 31 provinces across the country from 2015 to 2021. The research results indicate that environmental factors have reduced the operational efficiency of hospitals to some extent. In terms of the regional characteristics of efficiency, the mean total factor productivity in the southern regions is higher than that in the northern regions, but the average annual growth rates of comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency in the northern regions are higher than those in the southern regions. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the operational efficiency of hospitals. The total factor productivity of hospitals in 2020 decreased by 19.6% compared to the previous year, and the comprehensive technical efficiency of hospitals in the northern regions decreased by 2.3% during the same period, while the southern regions showed an increase of 0.6%. The northern regions are more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic.

Does productivity change at all in Swedish district courts? Empirical analysis focusing on horizontal mergers

This contribution is the first to compare the Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indices in the context of horizontal mergers of Swedish district courts during the period 2000-2017. It is also the first to calculate these productivity indices for convex and nonconvex nonparametric frontier specifications in courts under both constant and variable returns to scale. Moreover, a one-sample symmetric Wilcoxon test and a t-test are performed on the average productivity index to determine whether it is significantly different from unity. Also Li-test statistics examine the differences in productivity between these two indices or between convexity and nonconvexity for a given index. Furthermore, we compare these two productivity indices before and after the mergers to investigate the impact of the horizontal merger activity. The empirical results indicate that overall there is no significant technical change at all. Furthermore, horizontal mergers overall do neither result in technical change, nor in post-merger productivity gains.

The contemporary value, basic framework and realization mechanism of the rule of law in rural revitalization

Abstract With the goal of exploring the efficiency of the rule of law in rural revitalization, this paper analyzes the governance outcomes of the rule of law in rural revitalization from three aspects: the value of the times, the basic framework, and the mechanism of realization. The process of rural rule of law institutional change can be constructed by analyzing the mechanism characteristics of institutional change. The super-efficient SBM model is constructed based on the DEA method, and the modernization of rural governance capacity is solved by combining the governance theory, so as to achieve the effect of measuring the efficiency of rural revitalization of the rule of law. Improve the accuracy of efficiency measurement by adding the Malmquist index. The efficiency test model for rural revitalization rule of law is constructed to test the effects of rural rule of law. The results show that the epochal value of the rule of law in rural revitalization is mainly reflected in the scientific, digital and normative aspects, and the digital value embodied in the highest proportion of 0.8137, followed by normative, the value embodied in the degree of 0.7908. The content of ecological revitalization rapidly increases from 4 to 70 after the 5th cycle, and the degree of influence peaks in the 12th cycle. The research in this paper provides a new governance direction for the rule of law in rural revitalization, which can further improve the rule of law system in rural areas.

Power Mechanism and Practical Path of Agricultural Insurance to Help Rural Revitalization

Abstract This paper firstly explores the power mechanism of agricultural insurance to help rural revitalization from three aspects of agriculture, farmers and rural three farmers, respectively, and constructs the rural revitalization development index system by combining the entropy power method. Then, the three-stage DEA model and the three-stage Malmquist index model are used to measure the efficiency of agricultural insurance boosting rural revitalization by combining the selected agricultural insurance boosting indicators. Finally, taking province A as an example, after descriptive statistical analysis, the method of this paper is combined with empirical analysis, and the practical path of agricultural insurance to help farmers is proposed from the three aspects of the insurance system, publicity as well and supply. The results show that after the optimization of agricultural insurance, the value of technical efficiency is distributed in [0.600, 0.738], the value of pure technical efficiency is distributed in [0.716, 0.826], and the value of scale efficiency is distributed in [0.738, 0.833] from 2010 to 2019. The mean value of the agricultural technical efficiency index in each city is 1.091, the mean value of the progress index is 1.033, and the mean value of total factor productivity is 1.029, which is an upward trending technology, and all of them have a growth rate of more than 5%. Based on this study, agricultural insurance can help improve the efficiency of rural revitalization.

Evaluating the impact of uncertainty and risk on the operational efficiency of credit business of commercial banks in China based on dynamic network DEA and Malmquist Index Model

There's a lot of uncertainty in the global financial system due to trade, political, and unforeseen issues. There are dangers and uncertainties in China's domestic financial market due to the ongoing effect of the global economic climate and the impact of the new coronavirus pandemic. Nonetheless, the conventional financial sector, which is controlled by commercial banks, continues to have a dominant position in China's financial system, with the traditional credit business model serving as its primary business model. As a result, the primary subject of this essay is commercial banks, a common kind of financial organization. The combination of the Malmquist Index Model with the new network DEA model takes into account the real circumstances faced by Chinese commercial banks. The three phases of the credit business operation process of commercial banks are capital buildup, loan issuing, and profit generation. To observe the effects of recent domestic market uncertainties and the high risk of emergencies like the epidemic on traditional financial institutions dominated by banks, this paper measures the efficiency of credit business of 26 listed banks in China from 2016 to 2022 and analyzes the operational efficiency of credit business of Chinese commercial banks from both static and dynamic perspectives. As a result, Chinese commercial banks and other established financial institutions are better equipped to reduce risks and uncertainties and support the steady growth of the country's financial sector.

Research on Technology Innovation Efficiency of Communication Enterprises Based on DEA Three Stage Model and Malmquist Index

Research on Technology Innovation Efficiency of Communication Enterprises Based on DEA Three Stage Model and Malmquist Index