Male Laboratory Rats Research Articles

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF PLACENTAL CRYOEXTRACT UNDER DIFFERENT MODES OF APPLICATION IN THE EXPERIMENT

Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Among the causes of disability in the adult population, diseases of the digestive tract occupy the 5th place, and about 20.0–30.0% of them is peptic ulcer disease, which leads to permanent disability in more than 50.0% of patients. According to scientific reports, the prevalence of this pathology is due to its polyetiology, which leads to clinical heterogeneity and recurrent course. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative assessment of the antiulcer effect of placental cryoextract in prophylactic, therapeutic and therapeutic-prophylactic regimens in models of ethanol-prednisolone gastric lesions. The study was performed on 84 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. To simulate damage to the gastric mucosa, rats were administered a single ethanol-prednisolone mixture: prednisolone (20 mg/kg) dissolved in 80.0% ethyl alcohol (0.6 ml / 100 g of animal body weight). The rats were killed in 24 h after the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture. The drug "Cryocell-cryoextract of the placenta" was used in three modes: for prophylactic purpose – once a day for 5 days before the ethanol-prednisolone administration; for therapeutic purpose – once in 60 min after the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture; for the therapeutic and prophylactic purposes – once in 3 days before the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture and 60 min following the administration of ethanol-prednisolone mixture. The effect of the studied drug on the condition of the gastric mucosa was assessed macroscopically by L. V. Yakovleva scale. Macroscopic evaluation of the gastric mucosa showed that after 24 h following the administration of the ethanol-prednisolone mixture, the severity of damage averaged 3.7±0.37 points out of the five maximal points, and the ulcer index was 3.9 SU, respectively. The prophylactic five-day administration of esomeprazole resulted in an antiulcer activity in 45.9% of cases that was 1.8 times lower than that of the cryoextract rats. Erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa under the therapeutic-and-prophylactic modes of placental cryoextract were observed in only 28.6% of rats that corresponded to the value of the ulcer index equalled 0.3 units, and antiulcer activity was 92.3%. Under this regimen, the antiulcer activity of the cryoextract was practically comparable to the efficacy of esomeprazole (97.4%). Conclusion. The administration of cryoextracted placenta for the therapeutic purpose (once after ethanol-prednisolone mixture) is accompanied by the lowest antiulcer activity that was 22.2% and in 4.1 times lower than the effectiveness of esomeprazole. Therapeutic and prophylactic application of cryoextracted placenta led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) attenuation of the damaging effects of ethanol-predniolone mixture, and antiulcer activity was 92.3%, respectively.

Effect of material tramadol on some blood components of laboratory rats

The current study deal with the effect of tramadol injections on body weight and some blood components in 40 male laboratory rats, divided into four groups. The first group, G1 represents the control group. The second group G2 and the third group G3 were injected with a concentration of 20 and 40 mg/100 g of body weight, respectively, and the fourth group G4 was injected at a concentration of 80 mg / 100 g of body weight for ten days respectively. The current study results showed a significant decrease in the weights of rats injected with tramadol compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant decrease in the numbers of RBC, PLT, MID#, and GRAN#, respectively. The concentrations of each of the following constants: HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed a significant decrease in their values; except for MCV, the decrease was not significant, and the results of this study also recorded a significant increase in the white blood cells count as well as the number of lymphocytes, and there was an increase in both RDW-CV & RDW-SD. Keywords. Body weight, tramadol, RBC, WBC, PLT.

Effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa leaves on histological and physiological structure in the kidneys of male rats injected with lead acetate intraperitoneally

The current study aimed to investigate the curative and preventive effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa leaves on the histological structure of the kidneys and some biochemical parameters of male rats injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate. Biometrics included urea, creatinine, uric acid and total protein levels and total antioxidants (T-AOX), glutathione (GSH) and malondial aldehyde (MDA) assay. The study included 40 male laboratory male albino rats of the Sprague dawley breed, with weights ranging between 170-200 grams, and they were randomly divided into eight groups. The second group injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate, the third group was injected with the alcoholic extract of capers leaves, the fourth group was injected with aqueous extract of capers leaves, the fifth group was injected with britonia with lead acetate for 30 days and then it was injected with the alcoholic extract of capers leaves for 30 days, the sixth group was injected with britonia with acetate Lead for 30 days and then dosed with aqueous extract of capers leaves, the seventh group dosed with alcoholic extract of capers leaves and after 3 hours injected Britonia with lead acetate.

Effects of emissions from forest fires on the morphofunctional state of reproductive system of white rats

Introduction. At present, considering active participation of people in the elimination of wildfires, the study of the effects of smoke on the reproductive system is an urgent scientific problem.Materials and methods. Sexually mature outbred male rats were exposed to a daily four-hour inhalation exposure to smoke for one month. Immediately after the end of the exposure, some of the animals were removed from the experiment, and some were left to survive for two months. The study on testicular samples included counting the total number of spermatogonia, the number of tubules with desquamated epithelium, as well as determining the spermatogenesis index and the number of Leydig cells.Results. The effect of forest fire smoke on the reproductive system of model animals (outbred laboratory rats, males) was characterized by a decrease in the spermatogenesis index with a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of spermatogonia and the number of Leydig interstitial cells. The indices of the reproductive system of animals left for survival did not differ from the control values.Discussion. The results of this study suggest that prolonged exposure to combustion products released during a forest fire negatively affects the reproductive function of male laboratory rats examined immediately after the end of the exposure. After the course of the standard cycle of spertatogenesis, the indicators characterizing the development of sperm and the generation of male sex hormones are restored to normal, which indicates a high plasticity of the male reproductive system in response to the adverse environmental factor – smoke of forest fires.

The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis on weight gain, Blood picture and Lipid Profiles in rats feed high Cholesterol diet

The study aims to detect the effect of adding of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria (1 × 108 cells/day/animal) to reduce the negative effect of cholesterol added to the food ration by 2% on body weights and the effect on some parameters, blood images and lipid profiles in male laboratory rats after a period of 28 days. In this study, 15 adult male Albino Sprague- Dawleyweanling rats of 8-9 weeks of age and average weight of 142 g are used. The animals are randomly distributed into 3 groups with each group consisting of 5 animals. The results show that the addition of cholesterol causes a significant increase at (P<0.05) in body weight, as the weight gain is 43.18 g compared with 19.13 g in the control group. The results also show a decrease in total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin levels, HCT and a significant increase in the number of white blood cells and platelets for groups of rats feeding cholesterol at (6.12 , 10.44 , 35.32 , 11.94 , 850.60) compared with the control group (7.09 , 12.30 , 38.54 , 9.22 , 597.40) respectively. The results also show an increase in the level of cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides, and a significant decrease in the level of HDL compared to the control group .The addition of Bacillus licheniformis with cholesterol has a significant effect in reducing the negative effect of cholesterol on all the above-measured parameters.

Experimental study of the specificity of morphological changes development in internal organs with prolonged exposure to coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride to the body

Introduction. Occupational diseases detected at occupational examinations - pneumoconiosis and fluorosis - are, as a rule, chronic, the initial stages of development are almost asymptomatic. Industrial dust affects only the respiratory organs. Specific sign of fluoride intoxication is a lesion of the musculoskeletal system. The information available in the literature on the systemic manifestations of these diseases is not numerous. In this regard, it is relevant to study the early morphological changes, the timing of their occurrence and the features of development, depending on the specificity of the production factor. The study aims to experimentally identify the specificity of the development of morphological changes in organs and tissues under prolonged exposure to harmful production factors: coal-rock dust and sodium fluoride. Materials and methods. The authors conducted studies on adult white male laboratory rats. Scientists studied the features of the development of morphological changes in the bronchopulmonary system, heart, liver and kidneys in the dynamics of the impact of production factors on experimental models of anthracosilicosis and chronic fluoride intoxication. For histological examination, specialists carried out organ sampling in animals after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of the experime Results. Chronic exposure to coal-rock dust, as well as sodium fluoride, leads to the development of compensatory and adaptive changes in the internal organs in the early stages of the experiment before the formation of degenerative and fibroplastic disorders of the stromal and parenchymal components in the later stages. Inhalation of coal-rock dust creates in experimental animals by an early breakdown of the adaptive mechanisms of the respiratory system and heart muscle. There is a formation from the 6th week of the experiment of pneumosclerosis with the spread to the air-conducting structures, atrophy of the bronchial mucosa, degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes. Despite the early formation of stroma fibrosis, reparative processes restrain dystrophic cell changes in the liver and kidneys. All this develops by the 9th week of the experiment. The accumulation of sodium fluoride leads to the early formation of pronounced protein dystrophy of the liver and kidney parenchyma with the development of necrotic changes by the 6-9 weeks of the experiment. Disorders in the bronchopulmonary system before the 9th week of exposure are of the nature of immune inflammation with the subsequent development of degenerative changes in the air-conducting structures. The heart has moderate dystrophy throughout the experiment. Regardless of the influencing factor, changes in the vessels of the studied organs at the initial stages of the experiment lead to hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells of the media and intima, followed by the development of endotheliosis and hyalinosis. Limitations. The results of the histological examination are descriptive of pathomorphological changes in the bronchopulmonary system, heart muscle, liver and kidneys. We did not conduct a morphometry of various structures of the studied organs has not been carried out with subsequent statistical processing of the results obtained. In this regard, when studying the specifics of the development of morphological changes depending on the influencing harmful production factor, the compared indicators were the first morphological changes and the timing of their formation. Conclusions. The obtained results have theoretical and practical significance for the development of recommendations for timely preventive and organ-specific therapeutic measures in the premorbid period of the development of occupational diseases. Ethics. The researchers conducted maintenance, feeding and removal of animals from the experiment in accordance with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules of Good Laboratory Practice" (No. 199n of 01.04.2016), as well as the Guide for the Maintenance and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 1996). Scientists received permission from the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases to conduct the study.

The effect of modulators of hydrogen sulfide metabolism on morphological changes in kidneys of rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity

Annotation. Obesity is one of the factors in the development of chronic kidney disease. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in regulating the functional state of the kidneys, and its endogenous production is disrupted in obesity. The search for effective and safe correctors of H2S metabolism in the kidneys in obesity is relevant. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of potential modulators of H2S metabolism on biochemical and morphological changes in the kidneys of rats with high-calorie-diet-induced obesity (DIO). The experiments were performed on 60 white male laboratory rats in accordance with the principles of bioethics (Strasbourg, 1986; Kyiv, 2001). DIO was modeled using a high-calorie high-fat diet (39.5% fat per calorie). Metabolic correction was performed with H2S metabolism modulators (zinc sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, lipoic acid, taurine). Control rats received a standard diet (10.5% fat per calorie). Somatometric parameters, H2S level, morphological changes of kidney tissue were determined. Statistical processing was performed in the package IBM Statistics SPSS 26, differences were assessed in the Kruskel-Wallis test at a significance level of p<0.05. It was found that the development of DIO was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of H2S in the kidneys (1.9 times, p<0.001), characteristic morphological changes in renal tissue with damage of the glomerular and tubular apparatus, severe inflammatory reaction of the parenchyma, endothelial damage and vascular structure. All metabolic correctors increased the level of H2S in the kidneys and inhibited the progression of nephropathy under the conditions of DIO. Zinc sulfate and lipoic acid were the most effective in preserving the structural elements of the renal parenchyma, while sodium thiosulfate and taurine were less effective.

Histopathological changes resulting from the effect of nano-graphene oxide on the liver in laboratory rats

The current study included the use of (48) white male laboratory rats, where the rats were divided into six groups, with 8 rats in each group. The second group with a concentration of 30 mg/kg, the third group with a concentration of 40 mg/kg, the fourth group with a concentration of 50 mg/kg, and the fifth group with a concentration of 60 mg/kg of nano graphene oxide. The sixth group is the control group. The results of the statistical analysis of the study showed a significant decrease in the average body weight. On the last day of the experiment when comparing between the control group and the treated groups, and the results showed a significant decrease in the average liver weight when comparing between the control group and the treated groups. Central vein, hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, hepatocyte nucleus replication, hepatocyte rupture, and nucleolysis As well as thickening of the nuclei in some hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage, and dissolution and necrosis of hepatocytes. The results of the over-study by transmission electron microscope also showed changes at the cellular level, represented by the rupture of the nucleus and cytoplasm, in addition to the dissolution of the nucleus.

Inter-individual differences in laboratory rats as revealed by three behavioural tasks

Stable inter-individual differences in behaviour and personality have been studied for several decades now. The aim of this study was to test the repeatability of behaviour of the Long Evans strain of laboratory rats in order to assess their inter-individual differences. Male laboratory rats (n = 36) were tested in a series of tasks (Open field test, Elevated plus maze test, and modified T-maze test) repeated over time to assess their personality traits. To evaluate the temporal stability of the behaviour, we calculated repeatability estimates of the examined traits. We also checked for a link in behavioural traits across these experiments, which would suggest the existence of a behavioural syndrome. We found stable inter-individual differences in behaviour. Interestingly, no link emerged between the tasks we studied and therefore we did not find support for a behavioural syndrome. The lack of behavioural correlations between these experiments suggests that the results derived from these tasks should be interpreted carefully, as these experiments may measure various behavioural axes. Moreover, the animals habituate to the apparatus. Consequently, behaviour in the Open field test and Elevated plus maze test is not fully consistent and repeatable across subsequent trials.

THE SRUCTURE OF THE HARDERIAN, EXTRAORBITAL AND INFRAORBITAL LACRIMAL GLANDS DUCTS OF THE LABORATORY RATS

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the structure of the excretory ducts of the Harderian gland, extraorbital and infraorbital lacrimal glands of laboratory rats. Object and methods. Five male laboratory rats were examined by dissecting the lacrimal glands, from which series of thin paraffin sections were obtained for histological examination. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope.Results. It was found that the tubuloalveolar epithelial components of the extraorbital gland of rats in the middle of the lobe are even denser than in the infraorbital gland, as evidenced by very narrow interstitial fissures. The lacrimal glands of laboratory rats have an individual well-defined connective tissue capsule. Inside the capsule and between the lobes there are slitlike interepithelial interstitial spaces, in which we don`t detect clusters of lipocytes, as occurs in the lacrimal glands of human. In the volume of lobes, both extraorbital and infraorbital glands, the interepithelial interstitial spaces contain vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory tract, mainly capillaries, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules. Arterioles and venules are usually visualized outside the lobes in more pronounced interstitial spaces.

Short communication: Do the tameness of the dams and the sex of the offspring have an influence on the “gentling” effect in laboratory rats?

“Gentling” (soft touching, “taming”) has long-term effects on the behavior of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Our own studies showed that the use of a “gentling” program in the fourth and fifth week of life resulted in a significant reduction in fear behavior towards humans up to the age of 6 months. However, our investigations have so far only considered female animals. In the current study, we therefore wanted to determine whether there also is a long-lasting “gentling” effect in male rats. In addition, we intended to investigate whether there is an impact depending on the level of tameness of the mothers. We mated 14 female rats, which we selected from our previous experiments based on their behavior, with one male rat. Five females became pregnant and had litters (2 “tame” dams had 13 pups and 3 “not tame” dams had 18 pups). The 31 pups (16 female and 15 male rats) were divided into a “gentling” group (n = 16) and a “not gentled” group (n = 15). The previously developed “gentling” program was applied to the “gentling” group. That means the pups were gently touched, hand-fed and talked to during their fourth and fifth week of life (10 minutes per cage twice daily over a period of 14 days). The “not gentled” group did not receive any treatment. To evaluate the “gentling” effect on tameness, behavior tests according to our previous study were performed at the ages of 6, 8, 10, 14 and 16 weeks and 6 months. The experiments were blinded regarding parentage and treatment. The behavior tests revealed that the “gentled” rats were “tamer” than the “not gentled” rats. With Westfall correction for multiple testing, the estimated significant differences lasted up to the 30th week of life and therefore exceeded the results of our previous study. The “gentled” pups of the “tame” dams rendered better results than the “gentled” pups of the “not tame” dams. The female rats improved with increasing age and test experience, but the male rats did not. The results show that this “gentling” program reduces the fear of humans even in male laboratory rats and that the tame nature of the mothers affects the “gentling” effect in the offspring.

Role of Lactobacillus casei on some physiological and biochemical parameters in male laboratory rats infection with salmonellosis

This research was conducted to isolation and diagnosis of Salmonella typhimurium that caused child diarrhea infections, whom attend in Salah-Adin Teaching Hospital in Tikrit. and determine the susceptibility of isolates against some antibiotics, also, determine the Lactobacillus casei as probiotics which, isolation and identification from fermented dairy samples collected from different local in Salah-Adin governorate markets, then assay the effect of orally dosage of probiotics on some physiological and biological parameters in rats that infected with Salmonella typhimurium isolate. Salmonella typhimurium were appeared at 15 isolates from child diarrhea infections samples and the Lb. casei isolates from fermented dairy products, then identified according to morphological, microscopic, cultural and biochemical characterizes, then selective the probiotics isolate from Lb. casei which depended according to their ability to grow in pH 2 and able to tolerance growth at 0.3% bile salts, furthermore their ability to adhesion with intestine mucus surface at 43.8%.

Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol and Testosterone from Rat Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in a positive mode (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to determine simultaneously the levels of cortisol and testosterone in rat serum. The MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) was used to optimize ion precursor, fragmentor voltage, ion product, and collision energy. Analytical samples were treated by solid-phase extraction with Bond Elut C18 cartridge. The method was validated according to FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. The results indicated that this method showed a wide linearity range (0.1-100 ng/mL for cortisol and 0.025-100 ng/mL for testosterone), good linearity (r2 > 0.999), low limit of quantification (LLOQ values of cortisol and testosterone were 0.1 ng/mL and 0.025 ng/mL, respectively), good recovery (90.4% - 108.0%), suitable repeatability (CV values were in the range of 2.7% - 14.8%), good stability in different conditions. The validated method was applied to quantify cortisol and testosterone levels in several rat blood samples.
 Keywords: LC-ESI-MS/MS, cortisol, testosterone, rat serum, solid-phase extraction.
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NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF THE PEPTIDE MIMICKING THE a-SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE p ERYTHROPOIETIN CHAIN AND INFLIXIMAB IN RENAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY

Resume. The search for new drugs with cytoprotective and anti-ischemic activity is an urgent task of modern pharmacology. These properties are necessary for the complex protection of renal parenchyma during organ preservation operations (renal resection), most often carried out in conditions of thermal ischemia. Only the combined use of modern highly effective drugs and the skill of an operating surgeon can prevent the development of acute renal injury (AKI) due to pinching of renal vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective effects of a combination of a peptide mimicking the a-helix B of erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab in ischemic reperfusion damage to the kidneys. Methods. The experiment was conducted on 50 white laboratory male Wistar rats weighing 280-320 g. Animals were injected with a peptide mimicking the a-helix B of erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab. Under anesthesia, atraumatic vascular clamps were applied to the left renal pedicle for 40 minutes, nephrectomy on the right. Functional samples and laboratory tests were performed 5 minutes and 72 hours after reperfusion. Results. As a result of the study, it was shown that using a combination of the peptide simulating a-helix B erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab in ischemic-reperfusion kidney injury showed significantly more pronounced nephroprotective effects than using the peptide mimicking a-helix B erythropoietin or infliximab in the mono mode. Conclusion.The results of the study show the promise of combined use of peptide simulating a-helix B erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab in order to correct ischemic-reperfusion kidney injuries.

RESEARCH OF THE RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF THE PEPTIDE MIMICKING THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE B ERYTHROPOIETIN CHAIN AND INFLIXIMAB IN A RENAL 167 ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY MODEL

The search for drugs that can prevent the development of acute renal injury (ARI) is one of the main tasks of modern pharmacology. Methods.The experiment was carried out in 50 white Wistar male laboratory rats weighing 280-320 g. The animals were injected with a peptide mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain (pHBSP) and infliximab. Results.The combined use of a peptide mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain (pHBSP) and infliximab before renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is more effective than the nephroprotective properties of the above substances when it is selectively used. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, we can talk about the prospects of the combined use of the peptide mimicking the spatial structure of the B erythropoietin chain (pHBSP) and infliximab in order to correct renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Effect of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Transection on the Inorganic Component of Molars of Rat Mandible.

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of inferior alveolar nerve transection on inorganic components in mandibular molars of the rat. We used 26 male laboratory rats of the Wistar strain for the study, age 7-9 weeks. The rats were divided in three groups. The control group (intact) included 6 rats. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia. The experimental group included (group with the nerve transected on the left) included 12 rats. The sham group (group with the nerve prepared without transection) included 8 rats. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Molars from the left and right sides of the mandible were extracted. Element content levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The following elements were determined in all samples: magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr). The nerve transection caused: a reduction of the contents of Ca and Sr in the mandibular molars; an increase in the contents of Mg and Zn; a difference arrangement of both sides for Na. The surgery approach itself caused a decrease in the contents of Na and K in the experimental and sham groups; the difference in K in M3 between the left and right sides disappeared due to the surgery. Our results have confirmed the hypothesis of inferior alveolar nerve transection having an effect on inorganic components in mandibular molars in the rat.

MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE PANCREAS OF MALE RATS AFTER PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE DURING THE RECOVERY PERIOD.

The aim: To study changes in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas of rats after abolition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) administered in the diet. Materials and methods: White male laboratory rats with a baseline weight of 120 ± 5 g were randomized into 3 groups: 1 - control, 2 - animals with daily feeding of 70 mg/ kg MSG for 8 weeks, 3 - abolition of MSG with transfer of animals to a standard diet and pancreatic examination after 8 weeks. We used histological studies with morphometric analysis and statistical processing of acini and acinar cell areas, Langerhans islets, connective tissue (according to Stolte M.) and adipose tissue. Preparations of pancreas were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and azan. Results: The animals of groups 2 and 3 showed atrophic, degenerative and inflammatory disturbances in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas, which worsened after 8 weeks of MSG withdrawal (3 rd group). In the preparations, the Langerhans islets were of different shapes and sizes. Small islets predominated, as well as islets with low density of α- and β-cells, different capillary filling with blood and overgrowth of connective tissue in the capillary areas. The acinar cells and acini were reduced, and degenerative abnormalities were detected in the structures. Conclusions: After daily administration of 70 mg/kg MSG for 8 weeks, atrophic and degenerative changes in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas were revealed. No recovery of pancreatic structures was observed 8 weeks after MSG withdrawal.

THE EFFECT OF PLACENTAL CRYOEXTRACT ON THE STATE OF PROTEIN-LIPID METABOLISM IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA IN EXPERIMENTAL STRESS-INDUCED ULCERS

Introduction. Peptic ulcer is one of the most prevalent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Stress factor is considered to have the highest impact on the development of ulcers, as it is present in almost all cases of onset and exacerbation of this disease. Acute stress ulcers occur with severe injuries, acute diseases of various organs, shock, a sharp drop in blood pressure, oxygen deficiency of body tissues, liver, kidney and others. Given the above facts, in the correction of stress-induced lesions of the gastric mucosa (GM) therapeutically, the target should consider not only reducing the aggression factors of gastric juice, but also the normalization of changes in protein and carbohydrate metabolism in GM. In this aspect, our attention was drawn to the domestic biotechnological preparation of placental cryoextract (CEP), which has a range of valuable biological effects. The aim is to study the effect of cryopreserved placenta extract on the state of protein-lipid metabolism in the gastric mucosa in a model of water-immobilization stress in rats. Materials and methods of research. The studies were performed on 28 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. Stress-induced gastric ulcer was modeled under water-immobilization stress (WIS) in rats according to the method of Takagi et al. To obtain the homogenate, the GM was perfused with cold (+ 4°C) buffer solution and homogenized at 3000 rpm (teflon/glass). The content of oxidatively modificated proteins (OMP) in GM was determined by Dubinina spectrophotometric method. The content of total lipids in the GM was determined spectrophotometrically by color reaction with sulfophosphovaniline reagent. Phospholipids (PL) were fractionated by the method of Svetashev and Vaskovsky. Research results. Evaluation of changes in protein metabolism in GM showed that the level of total protein in rats, which were preventively administered CEP before WIS, was almost comparable with that of intact rats, i.e., 50.1 ± 1.7 μg/mg tissue and 51.1 ± 1.3 μg/mg of tissue, respectively, which indicated the elimination of disorders of protein homeostasis with the introduction of the studied cryoextract. Studies of changes in total lipids and PL showed that the content of PL of animals treated with CEP was 26.9 ± 0.9%, which was not significantly different from that of intact animals (30.5 ± 0.9%) and, at the same time, it was by 7.3% higher (p < 0.001) as compared with animals who were administered esomeprazole. Conclusions. Prophylactic five-day administration of CEP to WIS leads to normalization of all evaluated indices, in particular, to increase of the total protein level by 29.0% (p <0.01), decrease of oxidatively modified proteins level by 20.6% (p <0.01), and the 2.3-fold increase (p <0.001) of the level of phospholipids in the total lipids pool.

STRUCTURE OF EXCRETORY DUCTS OF EXTRAAND INFRAORBITAL GLAND OF LABORATORY RATS

The aim of the study. To find out and compare the structure of the excretory ducts of the extraand infraorbital lacrimal gland of the laboratory rat. Object and methods. Five male laboratory rats were examined by dissecting the lacrimal glands, from which a series of thin paraffin sections were obtained for histological examination. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under a light microscope. Results. It was found that the tubular-alveolar epithelial components of the extraorbital gland of rats inside the lobe are even denser than in the infraorbital gland, as evidenced by very narrow interstitial fissures. The lacrimal glands of laboratory rats have an individual well-defined connective tissue capsule. Inside and between the lobes there are slit-like interpithelial interstitial spaces, in which we do not detect an accumulation of lipocytes, as occurs in the lacrimal glands of man. In the volume of lobes such as the extraorbital and infraorbital glands, the interpithelial interstitial spaces contain vessels of the hemicrocirculatory tract, mainly capillaries, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules. Arterioles and venules are usually visualized outside the lobes in more pronounced interstitial spaces. Conclusions. 1. The epithelial tubular structures of the lacrimal gland of the laboratory rat form a complex-branched system of excretory ducts, in which there are no typical intercalated ducts, which would be the connecting component between the terminal section and the excretory duct system. 2. The absence of intercalated ducts leads to a change in the appearance on histological specimens of tubulo-acinar aggregates of the lacrimal glands of rats in favor of tubuloalveolar assemblages. 3. Among the excretory ducts of the lacrimal glands of the laboratory rat, the following can be distinguished: intra-lobular, lobular and common excretory ducts, through which the secret is produced. The common ducts of the extraand infraorbital lacrimal glands, as a rule, combine to form their common duct.

Wound Healing Activity Of Extract Of Gratiola Officinalis In Vivo

Background and aim — Gratiola officinalis extract has antimicrobial properties, but its wound healing activity has not been described. Material and Methods — The aqueous solution of dry Gratiola officinalis extract was used for treatment of skin wounds with different routes of administration. In the experiment 40 white laboratory male rats with weight of 150±50 grams were subjected to the incised model of flat skin wounds in the interscapular region under the general anesthesia. A morphological study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the therapy administered. Results — The most effective method of treatment was found to be local application of the extract, which reduced wound healing time by 8 days. Intramuscular and oral administrations reduce healing time by 6 days. Morphological signs of regeneration, which developed under the influence of Gratiola officinalis extract, allowed to estimate the wound healing activity. Clear differentiation and thickness of layers of the newly formed epidermis, a large number of thin-walled vessels and actively proliferating fibroblasts indicate an active regeneration process. Conclusion — This extract may be interesting to specialists in regenerative medicine as a remedy for treatment of wound processes.