Male Family Research Articles

The Making of Contemporary Art in Tanzania

The Making of Contemporary Art in Tanzania

Women’s Work and Men

Through the use of selected contemporary sociological research and prolific collections of largely unpublished memoirs, this article analyzes men’s attitudes toward the paid employment of women—particularly married women—in post-Stalinist Poland. The personal narratives reveal an increasing acceptance of women’s work outside the household over time and across generations. A significant shift in Polish men’s attitudes to a greater acceptance of women’s paid employment took place in the younger generation, born in the 1930s and 1940s and socialized after World War II. However, hostile attitudes of working-class men toward working women persisted, based on a continuing aspiration to uphold the male breadwinner family model.

A Novel SCN5A Variant Causes Temperature-Sensitive Loss Of Function in a Family with Symptomatic Brugada Syndrome, Cardiac Conduction Disease, and Sick Sinus Syndrome

Introduction: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. SCN5A is the most important disease-modifying gene for BrS, but many SCN5A variants have not been functionally characterized. Furthermore, the temperature dependency of SCN5A is only rarely explored in in vitro analyses. Methods: The clinical phenotype of the affected family was assessed by medical history, ECGs and ajmaline challenge. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed on HEK 293T cells expressing Nav1.5-G1712S, a novel SCN5A variant found in the symptomatic family. Results: Three male family members had experienced sudden cardiac death, sudden cardiac arrest, and rhythmogenic syncopes. Beside a positive ajmaline challenge with demarcation of a Brugada type 1 ECG, 1 patient also showed evidence of symptomatic cardiac conduction disease and sick sinus syndrome (SSS). In patch clamp analyses, Nav1.5-G1712S generated reduced peak currents as compared to the wild type. At body temperature, Nav1.5-G1712S additionally exhibited an enhanced slow inactivation and an impaired recovery from inactivation. Conclusion: We conclude that G1712S is a pathogenic SCN5A loss-of function mutation at physiological temperature associated with an overlapping presentation of BrS, SSS, and cardiac conduction disease.

EFEKTIFITAS PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA KONTAP PRIA KECAMATAN KASIMAN KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of male contraception family planning programs, supporting and inhibiting factors in Kasiman District, Bojonegoro Regency. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation. Processing and data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the Men's Contraception Family Planning Program in Kasiman District, Bojonegoro Regency had been implemented and was quite effective in suppressing the population growth rate. The socialization of the Men's Contraception Family Planning Program has been done well and is quite effective, the socialization media used to introduce the Men's Contraception KB Program uses posters and leaflets as well as cooperation with other parties. The obstacle in the implementation of the Men's Contraception KB Program is people's understanding that the Men's Contraception Family Planning Program can affect sexual relations with their partners.Keywords: effectiveness, family planning, male conting.

Composition and diversity of gut microbiota in Pomacea canaliculata in sexes and between developmental stages

BackgroundThe apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is one of the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species and vector of some pathogens relevant to human health.MethodsOn account of the importance of gut microbiota to the host animals, we compared the communities of the intestinal microbiota from P. canaliculata collected at different developmental stages (juvenile and adult) and different sexes by using high-throughput sequencing.ResultsThe core bacteria phyla of P. canaliculata gut microbiota included Tenericutes (at an average relative abundance of 45.7 %), Firmicutes (27.85 %), Proteobacteria (11.86 %), Actinobacteria (4.45 %), and Cyanobacteria (3.61 %). The female group possessed the highest richness values, whereas the male group possessed the lowest bacterial richness and diversity compared with the female and juvenile group. Both the developmental stages and sexes had important effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of P. canaliculata. By LEfSe analysis, microbes from the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were enriched in the female group, phylum Bacteroidetes was enriched in the male group, family Mycoplasmataceae and genus Leuconostoc were enriched in the juvenile group. PICRUSt analysis predicted twenty-four metabolic functions in all samples, including general function prediction, amino acid transport and metabolism, transcription, replication, recombination and repair, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, etc.ConclusionsThis study provided a general understanding of the diversity characteristics of intestinal microbial communities of P. canaliculata, and indicated that developmental stage and gender could both influence the intestinal microbes of P. canaliculata. Further study may focus on the interaction between the gut microbiota and their host.

Family influences on health and nutrition practices of pregnant adolescents in Bangladesh

Adolescent pregnancy can result in serious risks to the mother and her baby; yet, adolescents are among the least likely to access healthcare. Specific nutrition or antenatal care (ANC) guidelines for supporting pregnant adolescents are not available. To understand experiences and decision‐making of pregnant adolescents in Bangladesh related to ANC and nutrition practices, peer interviewers were trained to conduct qualitative interviews in Dhaka and Rangpur with pregnant adolescents (n = 48), adolescent mothers (n = 48), adolescents' family members (n = 64) and health service providers (n = 32). Key themes explored included perception and support of adolescent pregnancy, experiences in seeking ANC, dietary practices, sources of information and roles of male and female family members. Spheres of influence on adolescent pregnancy were identified through analytical framework informed by the socio‐ecological model. Respondents felt that adolescent pregnancy is risky and that adolescents require support and guidance through this experience. Families were highly influential on the care seeking, health and nutrition of pregnant adolescents, and mothers/mothers‐in‐law primarily took on the decision‐making roles, with husbands actively participating. Adolescents valued family support but felt a loss of autonomy and agency upon becoming pregnant. Financial constraints were the greatest perceived barrier to appropriate nutrition and healthcare; yet, both were valued. There is sometimes discord of health and nutrition beliefs between families and health service providers; more research is needed to understand this further. It is essential to engage family members and adolescents in initiatives to increase access to quality ANC for pregnant adolescents, improve dietary practices and support the ability to delay pregnancy.

Microbiological profile in chronic granulomatous disease patients in a single Brazilian primary immunodeficiencies center

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency. Infections of the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, and liver are the hallmark of CGD with frequent initial manifestations of the disease. The aim of the present study was to describe the sites of infections and their causative agents in 38 CGD pediatric patients. This was a retrospective single-center cohort study comprising CGD patients, and followed for over last 40 years at the Allergy and Immunology Unit of a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Sites of infections and their causative agents were described. A total of 38 patients were included (36 males and 2 females). Median age at the onset of symptoms was 45 days (7 days-7 years) and that at the time of diagnosis was 23 months (1 month-12 years); 31.6% of the parents reported death of relatives during childhood and 21% (8 cases) had another male family member with CDG. The most common infections were pneumonia (81.6%), skin infections (50.0%), adenitis (42.1%), and liver abscess (23.7%). In all, 188 cultures were positive (85.6% for bacteria and 14.4% for fungi). The most prevalent bacterial agents were Staphylococcus sp. (12.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.2%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.3%). Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. were 56% and 22.2% of the isolated fungi, respectively. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 5.6% and Mycobacterium bovis in 0.9% (only in 1 patient) of cultures. Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus sp. were the most frequent agents in this cohort. M. tuberculosis should be considered in endemic areas. Detection of infectious agents drives to find adequate treatment and benefits the evolution of patients with CGD.

Gender Differences in the Attitudes of Parents Living with Adult Children with Schizophrenia.

Background: This paper explored the gender differences in the attitudes of parents toward taking care of their adult daughters or sons with schizophrenia, and focused on how parents define and think about the roles of their children, and how they cope with fulfilling the expected roles. Methods: Qualitative research design and purpose sampling were used to enroll parents who had adult patients with schizophrenia at a medical center in central Taiwan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Seven main themes emerged from the data provided by ten parents living with adult children with schizophrenia. Three themes that focused on gender difference are listed: parents continue to expect their sons with schizophrenia to carry on the family name; society as a whole expects males to be the “head of the family”; male family members are supposed to assume the responsibility of caring for siblings with schizophrenia. Conclusions: The results of the study could help clinical professionals to understand and have greater empathy with regard to the difficulties for families and the concerns of parents taking care of their children with schizophrenia in the specific context of Chinese culture, and to provide more efficient and responsive assistance.

Patriarchy and Sociological Model of Voting Behaviour (SMVB): Analysis of Female Voting Preferences in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study intends to underpin the presence of strong foundation of ‘Sociological Model of Voting Behaviour’ (SMVB) in female voters in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It hypothesizes that Patriarchal structure is a basic element to influence female voting preferences. It connects ‘Patriarchy’ with ‘Sociological Model of Voting Behaviour’. The study found that the Patriarchal structure of the family in the Pakhtuns dominated society in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is significantly involved in determining female voting preferences. There are some other socio-political and economic components that supplement patriarchy and dependency of the female voters on male family members. A mixed-method approach was adopted for data collection. Quantitative data was collected through closed-ended questionnaires from Northern, Central and Southern constituencies of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Interviews were also conducted from female respondents in different parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Makna Ararem sebagai Pendampingan Pastoral dalam Perkawinan Etnik Biak di Propinsi Papua

The purpose of writing this article is to analyze the meaning of ararem in the context of Biak ethnic marriage. In the Biak ethnic marriage tradition, there is a concept known as ararem. Ararem is a tradition of delivering the dowry of a future husband to his future wife. The provision of ararem has the following meanings, namely: first, the binding of kinship between clans / kerets, namely the male family and the female family, the second ararem as a sign of appreciation for women, third, the essential meaning of giving ararem as a sign of peace that contains prayer and The hope of a large family for a husband and wife to multiply to live happily and harmoniously in fostering a household. The research method uses descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. This study will describe the sacredness of Ararem as assistance in Biak ethnic marriages and analyze Ararem as cultural heritage values which are used as counseling assistance in Biak ethnic marriages. In the tradition of ararem marriage, it is mandatory for Biak ethnicity to do so, because many ethnic groups believe that in ararem there is a sacred value, so if it is not done, then multi-ethnic marriage will not experience a happy and harmonious life. The purpose of writing this article is to understand the sacred value of ararem as a mentoring approach in pastoral by looking at local wisdom as a pattern of approach.

Positioning the donor in a new landscape-mothers' and fathers' experiences as their adult children obtained information about the identity-release sperm donor.

STUDY QUESTIONHow do heterosexual parents experience identity-release donation when adult children have obtained information about their sperm donor?SUMMARY ANSWERAdult offspring’s receipt of identifying information about the sperm donor challenged the fathers’ role as a parent, which was reflected in how parents positioned the donor in relation to the family.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYAn increasing number of countries provide access to treatment with identity-release or ‘open-identity’ donors. However, there is limited knowledge about how parents experience and manage the situation when adult offspring obtain identifying information about the donor and may even establish contact with him.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis qualitative interview study included 23 parents whose offspring had obtained information about their sperm donor. Interviews were conducted from October 2018 to January 2019.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSA purposive sample of parents (15 mothers and 8 fathers) was recruited via adult offspring, who had requested identifying donor information at five Swedish University hospitals. All participating parents were part of a heterosexual couple who had conceived with sperm from an identity-release donor. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to face or via telephone, and transcribed audio recordings were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEThe parents expressed diverse experiences related to their parenthood and the presence of the donor after offspring had obtained information about him; these were described in two themes. The theme ‘Navigating (in)visible markers of parenthood’ describes parenthood as embedded with dichotomous meanings of nature and nurture that parents navigated in relation to social approval. The theme ‘Positioning the donor in a new landscape’ describes how parents managed the presence of the donor by positioning him at a distance or acknowledging him as a person or even as part of the family, while some struggled to position him, giving rise to ambivalent feelings. The absence of genetic connectedness challenged the father’s role as parent, which was reflected in parents’ positioning of the donor.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONThe study was performed within the context of the Swedish legislation on identity-release donation and is based on experiences of heterosexual couples who had used sperm donation and had informed their offspring about their donor conception. This, together with the fact that parents’ accounts were predominantly represented by mothers, must be taken into consideration regarding transferability to other populations.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSNegotiations of social and genetic parenthood are still present among parents many years after treatment and may resurface when adult offspring obtain the donor’s identity. Access of the adult offspring to identifying information about the donor may have unexpected consequences for family relations, including expanding the family to include the donor. Challenges related to male infertility and family dynamics indicate that parents should have access to counseling and support to manage family life with varying genetic linkage within and outside the family unit.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)Financial support was from The Swedish Research Council (Grant 2013-2712). There are no conflicts of interest to declare.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERN/A.

‘This Is a Country To Earn and Return’: Polish Migrants’ Circular Migration to Iceland

<p class="DomylneA">The problem under investigation in this article is circular migration of Polish men working in Iceland and its consequences for migrants’ lives, as well as the lives of those who stay. The phenomenon is discussed on the basis of the research conducted among migrants and complemented by their wives’ perspectives. The research was designed in two parts: one was conducted in Iceland with the migrants, and the other was conducted in Poland with their wives. The basic findings show how migrants physically and emotionally adapt to living in two locations and how they manage to settle in constantly changing schedules. The implications of the study are that, aside from financial stability, circular labour migration of male family members introduces rhythm, predictability, and a special set of rituals into the family life. All these become the household norm.

Anogenital warts and relationship to child sexual abuse: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

In children, distinguishing anogenital warts (AGW) acquired innocently from those acquired by child sexual abuse (CSA) is challenging. High-quality studies examining this relationship are sparse. Here, we sought to evaluate the association between AGW and sexual abuse in children 12years of age and younger with respect to wart location, age, and gender. A systematic review of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science was performed for studies published on or before 2/16/2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they contained at least 10 patients 12years old and younger and reported the number of patients who were sexually abused. The principal summary measures were the odds ratios (OR) of reported CSA with respect to subject age, wart location, and gender. Three hundred twenty-seven studies were identified through record search. Twenty five were included in a summary synthesis (791 subjects); 10 were included in the final statistical analysis (199 subjects). In our overall review, 102 of 468 (21%) females and 36 of 204 (18%) males with AGW were abused or probably abused. Overlapping HPV types were found in abused and non-abused subjects. Perianal location and gender were not significant predictors of abuse. Both age and genital wart location (penis, vulva) did significantly predict CSA (α=.05). The odds ratio for sexual abuse of children aged 3-4years was 7.45; 6.52 for ages 5-8years; and 6.93 for ages 9-12years compared to those 0-2years of age. Genital location was associated with an OR of CSA of 5.93. Our systematic review supports a significant association between AGW in a child greater than 2years of age and odds of CSA. Genital wart location significantly predicts CSA as well. HPV typing is not a reliable method to ascertain CSA. Male family members and acquaintances were the most likely perpetrators of abuse.

MO1010CLINICAL VARIABILITY OF ALPORT SYNDROME IN CHILDREN WITH MISSENSE COL4A5 VARIANTS

Abstract Background and Aims The phenotype-genotype relation is well established in patients (especially male) with X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS). The aim of study was to define the spectrum of COL4A5 pathogenic variants and impact of missense mutation on disease progression. Method The NGS-based genetic testing of COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5 was performed in 186 children with suspected Alport syndrome. The comparison of clinical symptoms (frequency, age of presentation of macrohematuria, proteinuria, eGFR decrease, sensorineural deafness (SND), level of proteinuria (mg/m2/day) and eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) at the last presentation) was carried out in male with XLAS due to different COL4A5 variants. Results The XLAS was diagnosed in 93 children (Ме 7,5[4;11], 51М) from 79 families. The following COL4A5 variants were revealed: missense (n=70, q=0.75), splice site (n=10 from 9 families, q=0.11), frame shift (n=6, q=0.06), nonsense (n=7, q=0.08). Missense variants were presented by COL4A5 c.1871G&amp;gt;A, p.(Gly624Asp) in 26% of cases (n=18). The mean age of ESRD was lower in male family member (35[24;35] years vs 48[40;55], p=0.023) with non COL4A5 p.(Gly624Asp). There was no difference in age on last presentation (13[9;14] vs 12[8;15], p=0.091) between pts with COL4A5 p.(Gly624Asp) and other missense variants. There was significant difference between the male with p.Gly624Asp and other missense variants in frequency of proteinuria (0.61 vs 0.25, p=0.043), SND (0.5 vs 0.08, p=0.03), age at onset (5[3;7] vs 14[8;16], p=0.02) and degree of proteinuria (441[78;1158] vs 66[22;160], p=0.023) and eGFR level (83[66;109] vs 96[91;104], p=0.048) at the last examination. Conclusion The XLAS is caused by missense variants in ¾ of cases in our cohort. We confirmed the other European studies results: the COL4A5 p.(Gly624Asp) is the most common variant of missense mutations characterized by mild phenotype of XLAS.

INCOME DIVIDING AMONG FAMILY: INFORMATION FROM INPUT ON ICONOMIC PLEASURE

This paper adds to the comprehension of sex viewpoints in the intra-household dividing of income. I gauge models of contrasts in monetary fulfilment between household partners utilizing board information from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, which permits one to account for family level fixed impacts. The paper adds to the writing a further convincing rejection of the equivalent dividing speculation. Also and novel, the outcomes suggest that unequal income dividing is topsy-turvy and set off by the relative business situations with the partners in male provider families, the ladies' prosperity is influenced by the dissemination factor; in double full-time couples, it is the man's prosperity.

A cross-sectional study on psychological needs of family members of critically ill inpatients in semi-closed wards and analysis of influence factors

A cross-sectional study on psychological needs of family members of critically ill inpatients in semi-closed wards and analysis of influence factors

Help-Seeking Among Women of Haitian Descent in the Dominican Bateyes.

People of Haitian descent in the Dominican Republic are at high risk of violence, including interpersonal violence, and experience multiple levels of structural oppression. However, limited research exists specifically about women of Haitian descent in this context, who are at unique risk for violence and marginalization given intersectional oppression related to antiblackness, xenophobia, and misogyny. It is unclear what resources and supports exist for women of Haitian descent living in the Dominican Republic, and whether women can effectively meet their needs through available supports. This study analyzed 25 life history interviews to understand help-seeking patterns to address self-defined needs among women of Haitian descent. Analysis focused on narratives of interpersonal violence, as most research on this issue focuses on experiences of women in the global north. Thematic analysis demonstrated that women navigate a variety of informal supports, primarily with other women in their kinship networks, to address different needs, including material, emotional, and interpersonal-but primarily to address needs related to pregnancy and childcare, interpersonal violence, and housing. Women also sought help from male family members and formal institutions, though less frequently compared to help-seeking from other women. Outcomes of help-seeking, including who provided effective help, conditions of support, and negative reactions varied. Implications of women's patterns of help-seeking in this context, and how they compare to patterns within the larger help-seeking literature are discussed.

The male breadwinner nuclear family is not the 'traditional' human family, and promotion of this myth may have adverse health consequences.

The importance of social support for parental and child health and wellbeing is not yet sufficiently widely recognized. The widespread myth in Western contexts that the male breadwinner-female homemaker nuclear family is the 'traditional' family structure leads to a focus on mothers alone as the individuals with responsibility for child wellbeing. Inaccurate perceptions about the family have the potential to distort academic research and public perceptions, and hamper attempts to improve parental and child health. These perceptions may have arisen partly from academic research in disciplines that focus on the Western middle classes, where this particular family form was idealized in the mid-twentieth century, when many of these disciplines were developing their foundational research. By contrast, evidence from disciplines that take a cross-cultural or historical perspective shows that in most human societies, multiple individuals beyond the mother are typically involved in raising children: in evolutionary anthropology, it is now widely accepted that we have evolved a strategy of cooperative reproduction. Expecting mothers to care for children with little support, while expecting fathers to provide for their families with little support, is, therefore, likely to lead to adverse health consequences for mothers, fathers and children. Incorporating evidence-based evolutionary, and anthropological, perspectives into research on health is vital if we are to ensure the wellbeing of individuals across a wide range of contexts. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal-child health'.

Prevalence and predictors of colour vision defects among Egyptian university students.

Nowadays, widespread usage of colours increases the need for accurate estimation of colour vision defects and their effect on performing daily activities and study/work tasks. To determine the prevalence and predictors of colour vision defects among Assiut university students and to identify their relationship with self-reported visual function and perceived difficulties in performing daily activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1426 students at Assiut University, Egypt. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire consisting of: personal characteristics, prior awareness of colour vision defects, difficulties in daily colour vision activities, and visual function. Colour vision was assessed using Ishihara's test of colour deficiency. The prevalence of colour vision defects among students was 6.9% (red-green colour vision was 4.3% and total colour blindness was 2.6%). Students with colour vision defects had significantly higher odds ratios for difficulties in daily activities and study/work tasks related to colour perception. Students with colour vision defects had significantly lower mean values of general health, role difficulties, and colour vision scores compared to students with normal colour insight. Male sex and family history of colour vision defects were risk factors. A non-negligible percentage of Egyptian university students had colour vision defects, which had a negative impact on performing daily activities, executing study/work tasks, and choice of study/work specialties. Colour vision defects affected quality of life with regard to general health, role difficulties and colour vision. Male sex and family history of colour vision defects are nonmodifiable risk factors. This emphasizes the need for genetic counselling, especially in consanguineous marriage.

Access to male sexual and reproductive health services in publicly funded California clinics in 2018

To characterize the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services available to men from publicly funded family planning clinics in California. We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey in 2018 to compare the accessibility of SRH services for male clients at Planned Parenthood clinics in California to those visiting a random sample of 200 other publicly funded family planning clinics, selected from a California Department of Health Care Services list of 773 that had served at least 15 male clients in the prior year. A representative at each clinic answered questions about provision of 20 clinical services. We examined differences in individual service provision by clinic affiliation using χ2 tests. Only one-third (773/2348) of publicly funded clinics in California served more than 15 male clients each year, with rural clinics less likely than urban counties to do so. We were able to contact 62 of 107 Planned parenthood clinics and 81 of the 200 other publicly-funded family planning clinics that we attempted to reach. Most (95%) offered HIV and STI screening; 65% offered vasectomy consultation, but only 5% provided vasectomy services. Planned Parenthood clinics were more likely than other publicly funded clinics to provide condom demonstrations, emergency contraception, STI testing, HPV vaccination, penile/testicular exams, and infertility testing (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Male family planning services are less frequently offered by rural clinics and by publicly funded clinics in California that are not affiliated with Planned Parenthood. Men's underutilization of family planning may be partially explained by a lack of access to clinical services.