Makeup Products Research Articles

Endocrine disruptors and additives in cosmetic makeup products: Alert to users

Introduction: Cosmetic products contain a wide range of chemicals that we are exposed to daily. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of potentially hazardous substances that could cause adverse health effects by reviewing product labels facilitated by Capture images using Android phone. Materials and methods: In total, 105 makeup products were collected in different stores in the city of Lubumbashi, mainly mascaras, nail polishes, powders, lipsticks, liquid and powder foundations, blush. eyeshadow and blush as well as eyelid pencils. Each product's label was reviewed and a list including additives, preservatives, colorings, Endocrine Disruptors and Allergens, and chemicals of concern was created. Results: eyeshadows and blushes, foundations, and lipsticks contained the most additives and endocrine disruptors, followed by eyelid pencil and liquid foundation, nail polishes were the least supplied. This distribution seems to be the same for colorings and additives with allergic potential were numerous mainly in powders. In these makeup products; Mineral oils, parabens, black iron oxide, mica, titanium dioxin and synthetic perfumes were successively the most present. Added to this category are dyes (carbon black, brilliant red green, etc.) and additives with allergenic potential (limonene, citral, etc.) Conclusions: The use of many of these substances is authorized within certain limits, due to their toxicity at higher concentrations. Other important aspects must be taken into account, such as the possibility of long-term effects. On the other hand, other substances can cause several acute undesirable side effects, namely contact dermatitis and allergic reactions. For these reasons, improvement in the criteria used for cosmetic formulation is necessary since many chemicals used individually or in combination are potentially dangerous.

The Influence Of Brand Image, Product Quality, And Price On Brand Switching Of Wardah Makeup In Bengkulu City

When buying an item, a consumer often assesses whether the item is suitable for them or not, whether it is suitable for them or not, therefore consumers prioritize choosing by looking at the brand image, product quality and price to fulfill their desires or needs in purchasing goods. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of brand image, product quality and price on brand switching of Wardah makeup products in Bengkulu City. The type of research used is quantitative. The data analysis methods used are multiple linear regression, determination tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of multiple linear regression have the equation Y = 54, 534 - 0.395(X1) - 0.007(X2) - 0.404(X3) + 3.602 because the direction of the regression is positive, it can be interpreted that if brand image, product quality and price increase, then interest in buying Wardah's makeup product in Bengkulu City will also increase. Brand image does not have a significant effect on interest in buying Wardah makeup products in Bengkulu City, this is proven by the value of t count is smaller than t table (-5, 324 < 1.659) and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Product quality has a significant effect on interest in buying Wardah makeup products in Bengkulu City, this is proven by the value of t count is greater than t table (-0.065 < 1.659) with a significant value of 0.984 > 0.05 meaning H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Price has a significant effect on interest in buying Wardah makeup products in Bengkulu City, this is proven by the value of t count is greater than t table (-6,200 < 1.659) with a significant value of 0.000 - 0.05 meaning H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Brand image (X1), product quality (X2), and price (X3) together have a significant effect on brand switching (Y) of Wardah makeup products in Bengkulu City.

The impact of personal care products on the image quality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BackgroundMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a crucial diagnostic imaging tool as it has a high contrast resolution for soft tissues. In MRI, the artifact is an unwanted appearance in the image which degrades the image quality and hence hampers the accurate diagnosis of disease. The presence of metallic compounds in several personal care products (PCPs) causes artifacts in MR images. ObjectivesThis study aimed to find the relationship between hair and body (healthcare) products and MRI artifacts. MethodsA total of 22 PCPs (hairs, body, and a few makeup products) were tested utilizing a 1.5 T MRI scanner. The products were filled in a small plastic bag taped to the performance phantom. The phantom was placed in a brain RF coil and scanned using T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. ResultsA total of 16 out of 22 PCPs showed artifacts in the clinical and quantitative analysis, with effects ranging from mild to severe artifacts. ConclusionBased on the quantitative and clinical analysis of personal care products, it can be reported that some hair and body products, as well as cosmetics, can generate visual artifacts. If the artifact is located in the same area of interest as the image, it may degrade the image quality and lead to a medical misdiagnosis.

UV filters in everyday cosmetic products, a comparative study.

Today, UV filters are found as contaminants in a variety of biological fluids and environment, e.g. in vegetable crops and surface water. This is because UV filters are widely used in everyday products. In this context, we focused this study on cosmetic products, in order to assess the importance of this source of contamination. The study of 742 cosmetic products, excluding actual sunscreen products, but including hygiene, personal care and make-up products and perfumes revealed that the most common UV filters present are butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (90 products or 12.1% of products tested), octyl methoxycinnamate (75 products or 10.1% of products tested), octocrylene (62 products or 8.3% of products tested), octyl salicylate (43 products or 5.8% of products tested) and titanium dioxide (33 products or 4.4% of products tested). Very few UV filters are found in the hygiene products (only in 12 shampoos/conditioners and in 2 shower gels) and deodorants and toothpastes are completely free of them. Conversely, make-up and perfumes are frequently formulated with at least one UV filter. Seventy-five of the two hundred and forty-four (or 30.7%) skincare products studied contained at least one UV filter. 49.1 of the makeup products studied and 74.3% of perfumes contained it.

Development and Trend of Men's Cosmetics Industry

With the continuous improvement of consumers 'material life, the consumption power of China's makeup industry has also been greatly improved. To meet the regulations of consumers, high-end daily cosmetics stores have become the main force of consumers. Everyone has a love of a beautiful heart, so the development trend of the makeup industry is longer. With the consumption concept advancing with The Times, makeup products are no longer the patent of female consumers, and many men are gradually concerned about men's faces. With the gradual emergence of men's cosmetics specially customized for male customers, many enterprises began to care about this promising market. With women's cosmetics gradually filling up, they shift their goals to men. This paper on men's cosmetics enterprise professional manufacturing as the main line, combined with the definition of modern commodity marketing, first tells the story of China's makeup industry situation and development trend, way, men's cosmetics industry and men's cosmetics platform situation and development trend, men's cosmetics market still exist very big future development trend. Finally, a proposal was given for the lean management of the platform.

Factors Influencing the Buying Behaviour of Women with Reference to Organic Makeup Products in Noida

As the market pattern portrays, consumers are increasingly turning to organic cosmetics as a substitute for chemical or synthetic-based cosmetics. India is not an exception to the growing global desire for organic cosmetic products. Under the organic cosmetics umbrella, a new line of organic makeup products has emerged in recent years and is evolving. Consumers can play a valuable role in promoting health- conscious as well as eco-friendly products and thereby, sustainability. Now, consumers increasingly wish to know details about the products they use or consume, including an unveiled ingredient list, quality standard, affordable price range, etc. The purpose of the study entails comprehending women consumers’ buying behaviour with respect to skin and environmental consciousness. The paper would attempt to manifest the factors that influence the buying behaviour of women towards organic makeup products. Keywords: Buying behaviour, consumer, environment, green marketing, organic makeup.

Hubungan Kesabaran Dengan Perilaku Konsumtif Terhadap Produk Makeup Pada Mahasiswi Psikologi Universitas Islam Riau

Consumptive behavior in purchasing makeup products has become a lifestyle among female students. Makeup products are attached to women because basically women are creatures that are synonymous with beauty. This is what causes women to like to buy cosmetic products with a plan or without a plan. One component of patience is self-control, namely being able to restrain desires and emotions, think long-term, forgive and have tolerance. This research was conducted in order to find out whether or not there is a relationship between patience and consumptive behavior towards makeup products in Riau Islamic University female students. The study population was 743 female students, with a total sample of 260 active semester psychology students at the Islamic University of Riau, which were determined using the accidental sampling technique.The data collection method uses a modified patience scale from Kencana and a modified consumptive behavior scale by Nafli. In this data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho method with a correlation coefficient of -0.099 and a significance value of 0.113 (p > 0.05). This clarifies the rejected hypothesis so that there is no relationship between patience and consumptive behavior towards makeup products of psychology students at Islamic University of Riau.

Pengaruh Fitur Aplikasi Tiktok Jharna Bhagwani terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Produk Make Up

As of the first quarter of 2022, there are 1.39 billion monthly active users of the Tiktok app globally. When compared to a year ago, this number is still rising and now stands at 72.17 percent. It was mentioned that there were still 812 million active monthly users in the first quarter of 2021. Video shows are one of the most popular services offered by the Tiktok program since they can motivate users to create films and offer both fun and knowledge. The goal of this study is to determine and quantify how employing Tiktok Jharna Bhagwani application features affects usage decisions. employing a quantitative strategy and an explanatory survey technique. The sample size for this study is the 255 respondents who follow the Tiktok account @JharnaBhagwani, which is only allowed to contain one post. A sample of 72 respondents was created by applying the slovin technique formula to take the sample. The Simple Random Sampling Technique is employed in the sampling process. employing questionnaires for data collecting and simple linear regression analysis for data analysis. The study's findings indicate that the use of the Tiktok application features has a t count value (13.443) > t table (1.667), and that H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted, indicating that there is an impact between the use of the Tiktok application features developed by Jharna Bhagwani and the choice to use cosmetics. The utilization of the Tiktok Jharna Bhagwani Application Features, which is the X variable, has an influence on the Y variable, according to the coefficient of determination results, which had a R square value of 0.72. The decision to use makeup products is impacted by other factors outside of this study for 72% and by other factors for the remaining 28%.

Analisis Determinan Kepuasan Konsumen Produk Kecantikan Di Aplikasi Sociolla

With increasingly intense competition in e-commerce, companies engaged in this business must be able to provide excellent service quality to consumers to maintain customer loyalty, so that customers are willing to make more transactions with these companies. This research examines the effects of service quality, perceived ease of use, perceived value, and customer experience on customer satisfaction in the Sociolla application. This study used primary data collected through an online survey with questionnaires distributed to 125 selected respondents in June - July 2023. The research criteria are consumers aged above 17 years who have made at least one purchase of skincare, makeup, and bodycare products from Sociolla within the last 3 months and domiciled in Jakarta and Tangerang. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression as an inferential tool, this research found that service quality, perceived ease of use, perceived value, and customer experience partially have positive effects and simultaneously affect customer satisfaction.

CODE MIXING USED IN TASYA FARASYA BEAUTY VLOGS

This study entitled “Code Mixing Used In Tasya Farasya Beauty Vlogs”. Beauty vloggers often share information about the cosmetic products they use or review beauty and make-up products. Sometimes they mix several languages in their videos, such as mixing English with Indonesian. Language has a very important role in our life. We use language for communicating and people nowadays speak in multiple languages. According to the phenomenon above, this research focuses on code mixing in one of Tasya Farasya's beauty vlogs on her YouTube channel, level of code mixing and to find the reasons why Tasya mixed her language. There are two theories applied in this study, namely the theory of the types of code mixing and reason of code mixing proposed by Hoffman (1991) and the theory of the level of code mixing proposed by Suwito (1996). This research is the qualitative research. The methods applied in collecting the data are the documentation and observing method and by using the note-taking technique. The data is taken mainly from the utterances found in the Tasya Farasya beauty vlogs, as the main data source for this study. The result of this study showed that there are three types of code mixing found used by Tasya videos. There are data collected for the type of code mixing. For the level of code mixing, and for the reason of code mixing. Type of code mixing there are intra-sentential, intra-lexical, involvement in a change of pronunciation. And for level of code mixing there are word level, phrase level, baster level, repetition level, idiom level, clause level. And for the reason of code mixing there are talking about particular topic, being emphatic about something, interjection, repetition used for clarification, expressing group identity, clarifying the speech content for the interlocutor.

Determination Of Some Trace Elements In Some Lipstick Products By Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

Cosmetics have been attracting the attention of humanity since it existed. Over the years, the reach of the cosmetics industry has increased exponentially. In recent years, cosmetic manufacturers have developed many formulations on cosmetic products that are brighter in color, more permanent and not easily affected by external factors. However, heavy metal powders are used while producing these formulations especially inside in dyestuffs and stabilizers. Cosmetic products can be absorbed through the skin and cause systemic toxicity. Hundreds of chemicals are used in many cosmetic products such as make-up products, shampoos, creams, aftershaves, and these chemicals may cause significant health problems. Thus, this study is designed to investigate the heavy metal content of lipstick samples which are used extensively by women. Determination of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), elements in 35 different lipstick samples (including 15 brands) were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS) device. Before the analysis, two different solubilization methods, wet solubilization and dry ashing, were applied to the samples in order to take the metals in the lipstick samples into inorganic environment

아브젝트 아트 특성이 반영된 특수분장 마케트 제작

Characters in media have been actively created according to trends in literature and art. The creatures in Hollywood films since the 1980s have been loved by many due to their fascinating design and latest special makeup techniques. The proportion of special makeup and maquette production techniques needed to design such creatures has gradually increased and has become more important in the film industry. This study attempted to design creatures, using the characteristics of abject art, going against traditional art, which pursues idealistic and typical beauty. The goal is to design creative characters through art trends, which has not been handled in previous studies, through a maquette production technique that displays concept design. In terms of research methods, the theoretical background of abject art was reviewed through an analysis of technical books, previous studies, and Internet data. The characteristics of abject art into boundary ambiguity, aversion, and lowliness. The works since the film ‘Alien (1979)’, known as the epitome of the creature design process, were categorized into three characteristics of abject art in consideration of opinions from expert groups. In addition, three special makeup maquette works were created according to the type of abject art characteristic. It is anticipated that there will be further studies on design using special makeup maquette during the pre-production of media, having an awareness of the importance of media character design, which reflects the aesthetic characteristics of art trends.

Cosmetic Industry Insights and Marketing Strategy Analysis of LOreal in China

With the expansion of China cosmetic market, many cosmetic groups are engaging in expend their market share. However, the development of cosmetics led to diversified consumers needs. Some of customers want to get more skincare products for sensitive skin meanwhile the others care about makeup products' characteristics. Various demands have led to the constant updating of the development strategies of the cosmetic groups. Through reading the literature and research reports on Chinese cosmetics in recent years, it is found that the Chinese cosmetics market is oligopolistic and LOreal is the biggest one in several big international groups. However, the rise of domestic cosmetic brands makes these big international groups feel threatened. Domestic brands have a better understanding on physiological and psychological needs of Chinese, even Asian consumers, which make them have the strong competitiveness. In the paper, 4Ps model and Porters five forces model are used to analyze the current situation of the cosmetics market and the competitiveness of L 'Oreal Group. Finally, some implications are demonstrated from the perspective of culture, brand introduction, optimization of advertising structure, and consumers demands to help LOreal improve its competitiveness.

Assessment of chemical constituents of personal care products (PCPs) and their environmental implications: A case of South Africa

Personal Care Products (PCPs) contain a wide range of chemicals which cleanse or enhance one’s body appearance. These chemicals are continuously released into the environment, and if not properly regulated, they can be persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic in the environment. These chemicals are discharged into the environment through direct discharge from industries, hospitals, urban/municipal waste, and inefficient wastewater treatment systems. Previously chemicals in PCPs have not been considered harmful, and their effect on water, humans and the environment have not been investigated. However, emerging evidence suggests that some accumulate in body tissues and negatively impact humans and animals, impacting the endocrine systems and the environment since they are continuously being released and may not degenerate easily the environment. The contaminants are thus called emerging pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially toxic chemical ingredients of PCPs in South Africa by examining the product labels. A total of 185 PCPs were examined, with 57% of these products classified as skincare, 32% as rinse-off products and 11% as make-up products. Analysis of the database revealed that chemicals which function as fragrances, preservatives and UV-filters were present in 65%, 60% and 58% of the examined PCPs, respectively. Furthermore, the most frequently identified fragrances were limonene (73.33%), linalool (69.17.5%), coumarin (40%), and hexyl cinnamal (38.33%), which are weak allergens. However, alpha-isomethyl ionone and butylphenyl methylpropional are fragrances restricted by the IFRA but were found to be present in over 25 PCPs found in South Africa. This indicates the lack of set rules and regulations around PCP labelling and inconsistency in chemical regulation may promote the distribution of harmful chemicals into the environment.

P25-06: Exposure data of makeup products for patients undergoing cancer treatments

P25-06: Exposure data of makeup products for patients undergoing cancer treatments

The Effect of Interpersonal Relationship for Public Value on the Makeup Behavior of the Women in Their 40s and 50s

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the effect of interpersonal relationship of the middle-aged women on the makeup behavior. The women in their 40s and 50s are the most economically productive age group, and it is considered that the study of their makeup behavior would be very important.
 Method: This study distributed and collected questionnaires from women in their 40s and 50s in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A total of 411 copies were used for the final statistical analysis. Frequency, percentage, and average were calculated to examine and understand the demographic characteristics of the study subjects, and the Pearson’s product moment-effect correlation was calculated to examine and understand the relationship between the interpersonal relationship and makeup behavior. The stepwise multiple regression analysis was also performed to determine the causal relationship between the interpersonal relationship and the makeup behavior.
 Results: As a result of the effect of interpersonal relationship on the fashionableness among the makeup behaviors, it turned out that openness, understanding, and satisfaction had positively significant effects on fashionableness among the makeup behaviors. As a result of the effect of interpersonal relationship on the subjectivity among the makeup behaviors, understanding, satisfaction, and subjectivity among the makeup behaviors turned out to have positively significant effects. As a result of interpersonal relationship on subjectivity among the makeup behaviors, openness was shown to have a negatively significant effect on subjectivity among the makeup behaviors, and understanding, satisfaction, and communication had a positively significant effect on subjectivity among the makeup behaviors.
 Conclusion: A study on the makeup behavior of women in their 40s and 50s, who carry out a lot of social activities and highly value interpersonal relationships, is considered to contribute largely to the direction of the beauty industry that creates public value and the makeup product manufacturing industry.

Role of Essential Oils of Spices and Herbs and Their Applications: A Review

Essential oils (EOs) are pure, fragrant, volatile liquids that are obtained from particular plants. Almost all plant organs, particularly the flowers, buds, leaves, seeds, stems, and fruits, produce essential oils [16]. Terpenes, phenolic chemicals, and alcohol make up the complex mixture of secondary metabolites that make up EOs [8]. EOs possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory ones. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory biological actions are only a few of the many biological properties that EOs have. EOs are utilised in sanitary products (fragrances for home cleaning products), cosmetics (perfumes and makeup products), agriculture (bio-pesticide and repellant), and aromatherapy as natural cures. The earliest, simplest, and most widely utilised techniques for extracting Eos include steam distillation and hydrodistillation [17].
 The antibacterial and antioxidant qualities of thymus, cinnamon and oregano essential oils intended for use in the meat sector. Chinese cinnamon and turmeric essential oils have been employed as additives in biodegradable coatings and films [21]. Some plants and EO, including clove, thyme, rosemary, oregano, cinnamon, and pimento, have been found to have strong inhibitory effects on a variety of bacterial pathogens. the essential oils of a number of plant species, including thymus, mentha, artemisia, limnophila, salvia, and rosmarinus, are effective against a variety of arthropod species, including the silverleaf whitefly, aphids, bihar hairy caterpillars, cabbage loopers, diamond back moths, and leaf rollers, which are major pests of horticultural and stored grain crops [45,46]. Patchouli essential oil has also been discovered to be a highly effective substitute for shielding skin from UV radiation. EOs used in shampoo formulations with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5, such as lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), may have synergistic effects.

Development of an LCA-based tool to assess the environmental sustainability level of cosmetics products

PurposeThe depletion of natural resources and the downgrading of the environment, driven by globalization and consumerism phenomena, are worldwide pushing the interest in sustainable manufacturing paradigm and environment preservation. It is moreover clear to academia and practitioners that the cosmetics industry needs to update its current operations to face new sustainable requirements and norms due to its ever-growing size and massive consumption of natural resources. Different methodologies, metrics, and indicators have been and are being proposed for solving the complex issues of environmental sustainability evaluation of cosmetics processes and products.MethodsAmong these approaches and methods, product-related assessment tools (e.g., life cycle assessment) are usually more focused on the environmental dimension of sustainability, and they are always based on the life cycle of the product. The core of this paper is on the development of a novel tool to classify cosmetics products based on the results of LCA: the eco-friendliness assessment tool (EFAT). The methodology of the work is structured into 5 main phases: definition of the scientific background of the work, definition of the tool requirements, tool development, testing of the tool, analysis of the results. The eco-friendliness assessment tool proposed is structured into two main parts: (i) process flow 1: environmental impact score and (ii) process flow 2: supplier environmental sustainability assessment.ResultsThe tool has been tested on a cosmetics product manufactured in a cosmetics company located in Italy. The acquisition of raw material process and primary packaging process are the two most critical processes resulting from the impact analysis of LCA methodology. The application of the EFAT tool shows the two possible most sustainable improved scenarios are as follows: (i) exploiting transportation of the primary packaging by sea and (ii) adopting the European location of the primary packaging supplier. The results coming from the tool application allowed the definition of the company product eco-friendliness. The eco-friendliness is symbolized by an alphabetical letter and a color.ConclusionsThe paper proposes a practical tool to assess the environmental sustainability level of cosmetics products, with the intention to overcome two of the main literature gaps found in the state of the art: (i) absence of LCA methodology implementation in the cosmetics industry on makeup products, (ii) absence of tools that rely on the results of the LCA analysis of a cosmetic product for understanding its sustainability level of sustainability.

Evaluation of the antiwear-ability/scratch-resistance efficacy of makeup products by in vitro test method application.

The objective of this study is to propose a method for assessing the antiwear-ability (AW) or surface scratch-resistance (SR) efficacy of makeup products through in vitro experiments. The method primarily involves measuring the change in weight as a means of evaluating the overall effectiveness. AW/SR effects are evaluated by applying a fixed amount of makeup product on artificial fake skin and comparing the weight difference after simulated friction/scratch. The in vitro results indicate that this method is easy to operate and yields repeatable data. It consistently reflects differences between samples when compared to clinical studies. This method effectively compares the AW/SR effects of makeup products and demonstrates utility in evaluating product efficacy and difference. It holds great scientific and practical value.

Design optimization of compact gas turbine and steam combined cycles for combined heat and power production in a FPSO system–A case study

This case study aims to cover a wide range of relevant aspects related to combined cycle design, mechanical integrity and operational reliability for cogeneration of heat and power in FPSO systems. The methods consist of combined optimization of combined cycle thermodynamic design and geometry of steam generator; vibration analysis for flow induced vibrations; and thermal stress estimation of casings during cold start-stop scenarios. Challenges and opportunities for reliable water treatment systems are explored. The results show that small tubes, a compact tube bundle and a low condensation temperature reduces the once-trough steam generator (OTSG) weight. The vibrations numerical simulations in this work support the standard recommendations of using 35 times tube OD as upper limit for the unsupported tube length, which could be used as a reasonable design criterion. Thermal stresses analysis indicates that the design of beam arrangement, location, and stiffness of beams has a major impact on thermal stresses, and can be optimized to different plate thicknesses in order to avoid fatigue damage. Focus should be on reducing leaks of deaerator, steam turbine and condenser. It is recommended to add Na sensors after condenser and investigating the use of Electrodeionization (EDI) technology for make-up water production from seawater.