Maintenance Of Drainage Research Articles

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permukiman Kumuh Ditinjau Dari Kriteria Kekumuhan Drainase (Studi Kasus: Desa Tanjung, Kecamatan Hamparan Rawang)

Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14/PRT/M/2018 concerning Quality Improvement of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements. It is stated that slum housing is housing that has decreased the quality of its function as a dwelling, while slums are settlements that are not habitable due to building irregularity, high building density, and unqualified building quality and facilities and infrastructure. Conditions in Tanjung Village, Hamparan Rawang District, Sungai Full City. The condition of Tanjung village, Hamparan Rawang District, Sungai Full City, is classified as a slum, judging from environmental drainage, there are collapses in drainage channels, a lot of garbage is thrown and accumulates in drainage channels, reducing the effectiveness of drainage channels, the amount of development in the area, and other bad conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors affect drainage slums in Tanjung Village, Hamparan Rawang District, Sungai Full City, look for dominant factors and find strategies to prevent or minimize the occurrence of drainage slums in Tanjung Village, Hamparan Rawang District, Sungai Full City for the present and the future. This study used quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results of the research conducted there are 5 factors that affect drainage slums, namely the inability of drainage to drain water runoff, unavailability of drainage, disconnection with urban drainage systems, lack of maintenance of drainage, collapse of drainage.

Characteristics and Management of Drainage Infrastructure in Medan Sunggal District, Medan City

Climate change, characterized by high-intensity rainfall, coupled with inadequate drainage systems, small and shallow river dimensions, and a lack of community awareness, has caused flooding and inundation in Medan Sunggal District. This study aims to understand the characteristics and management of drainage infrastructure in Medan Sunggal Subdistrict, Medan City, to identify its characteristics and implement suitable management efforts. The research adopts a positivism paradigm with a positivistic approach, relying on empirical facts (sensual empiricism). The research methodology used is purely qualitative descriptive, focusing on an in-depth understanding related to the characteristics, context, and research subjects. Data collection methods include Guest Tour and comparative techniques. The results of this study show that the characteristics of drainage infrastructure in the study area form a network pattern. The types of channels in the study area are primary channels, secondary channels, and tertiary channels. They consist of artificial channels with open concrete construction, located above the ground with a combined drainage system. While most of the physical conditions are good, some exhibit minor damage. A significant portion of the drainage water is stagnant. Flood-prone areas constitute 41%, areas with infrequent flooding are at 43%, and areas that have never experienced flooding are at 16%. Management recommendations for the study area include providing green open spaces, creating biopore infiltration holes, constructing detention and retention ponds, using paving blocks/grass blocks, conducting maintenance (normalization and rehabilitation) of drainage, and involving the community in each management aspect.

Analysis of Lipid Contents in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells by Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) Profiling Lipidomics.

Lipids are among the major constituents of cells and play many important cellular functions. Lipid levels in the trabecular meshwork (TM) aqueous humor outflow pathwayplay an important role in the maintenance of aqueous humor drainage and intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis. Therefore, it is important to characterize the changes in the lipid contents in the aqueous humor outflow pathway tissues to better understand their functional significance in the maintenance of IOP. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based profiling aids in the analysis of the metabolome as a collection of functional groups and is utilized as an exploratory metabolomics and lipidomics approach. The MRM-based profiling utilizes tandem mass spectrometry experiments carried out on a commercial triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with three aligned quadrupole mass filters (Q1, Q2, and Q3). This screening methodology can be utilized for targeted lipidomics screening. This chapter focuses on the methodology for isolation and culturing of the TM cells, lipid extraction, and the MRM-based lipidomics approach with data analysis.

Southern brown bandicoots,

Context Many threatened species persist in modified landscapes. Species in these landscapes often inhabit vegetation strips adjacent to linear structures such as roads, railways and artificial waterways. These vegetation strips may act as refugia or provide resources, but the associated structures (e.g. roads) may also act as barriers to movement. The southern brown bandicoot (eastern subspecies) is listed as Endangered in Australia and is known to inhabit modified landscapes. Aim We aim to determine the extent of occupancy of southern brown bandicoots and the relative importance of different habitat types. Our data are intended to provide a baseline for future monitoring of changes to bandicoot populations, and to further our understanding of the relative importance of different habitat types for management and conservation. Methods We conducted a remote-camera survey of southern brown bandicoots, at 98 locations across a 60 000 ha region south-east of Melbourne. Bandicoots in this area inhabit patches of remnant habitat in reserves and remnant, modified or non-native vegetation strips along roadsides and artificial waterways created in the 19th century to drain swampland. These habitat fragments sit within a matrix of agricultural, residential and commercial land. Key results Our results suggest that bandicoot occupancy is higher along artificial waterways (0.76) than along roadsides (0.35) or within reserves (0.39). Implications Habitat along waterways is often different from remnants, with a mix of weedy and native vegetation. The implication of this is a potential conflict between habitat and vegetation management for bandicoots, weed control and maintenance of drains and associated levees.

Efficacy of Different Modalities of Treatment in Management of Different Types of Fungal Sinusits

Abstract Background Fungal sinusitis is generally classified into invasive and non invasive fungal sinusitis based on histological features, invasive fungal sinusitis divided into acute, chronic and chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis. While non invasive fungal sinusitis include saprophytic fungal infestation, fungal ball, and fungus-related eosinophilic. Distinguishing invasive disease from noninvasive disease is important because the treatment and prognosis are different for each. AIM A systemic review of effective and safe method in management of different types of fungal sinusitis either by medical or surgical approaches or even combined. Be up to date with the different upcoming new modalities. Methodology A meta-analysis study is done to evaluate the medical and surgical outcomes of patients with invasive and noninvasive Fungal Sinusits. Results Finally, forty-five studies were included in the present systematic review and metaanalysis. Fifteen included studies (No = 539 patients) assessed different modalities for management of fungal ball, via classic endoscopic technique, Canine-fossa approach, gauze technique and osteoplastic approach for FB of the maxillary sinus. The results showed that functional endoscopic sinus surgery has led to success rate of 98.1%. Twenty included studies (No = 806 patients) have assessed the efficacy and safety of different modalities for the management of allergic fungal sinusitis via,Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Post-ESS Systemic steroids, Antifungals and immunotherapy. The results showed that ESS represents the firstline management strategy of AFRS, followed by aggressive medical therapies, the recurrence rate after postoperative steroids was 20.6%, postoperative antifungals was 40% and after immunotherapy was 9.1%. Ten studies (No = 327 patients) for Invasive Fungal Sinusitis.the results showed that combination of systematic antifungal therapy and aggressive surgical debridement are the treatment of choice. Conclusion FESS is the treatment of choice of fungal ball via classic endoscopic technique, Canine-fossa approach, gauze technique and osteoplastic approach. AFS treatment consists of surgical extirpation of the allergic mucin and polyps with maintenance of adequate sinus drainage followed by medical therapy consists of topical steroids, anti fungal therapy, Immunotherapy, and systemic corticosteroids. Treatment of invasive fungal sinusitis includes surgical resection of necrotic tissues, systemic antifungal therapy and reversal of immune dysfunction.

ANALISIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH SATELIT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DAN PEMELIHARAAN DRAINASE

This study aims to see the community participation in the satellite area in the construction and maintenance of Drainage in the Village Marindal II District Patumbak Deli Serdang. The research method used to answer the problem in this research is the method of qualitative research approach. Data obtained through in-depth interviews, literature study and documentation. Informant research comes from the elements of sub-district government and community. The results of the research show that the participation, involvement and utilization of drainage facilities are running well

Collision Avoidance and Stability Study of a Self-Reconfigurable Drainage Robot.

The inspection and maintenance of drains with varying heights necessitates a drain mapping robot with trained labour to maintain community hygiene and prevent the spread of diseases. For adapting to level changes and navigating in the narrow confined environments of drains, we developed a self-configurable hybrid robot, named Tarantula-II. The platform is a quadruped robot with hybrid locomotion and the ability to reconfigure to achieve variable height and width. It has four legs, and each leg is made of linear actuators and modular rolling wheel mechanisms with bi-directional movement. The platform has a fuzzy logic system for collision avoidance of the side wall in the drain environment. During level shifting, the platform achieves stability by using the pitch angle as the feedback from the inertial measuring unit (IMU) mounted on the platform. This feedback helps to adjust the accurate height of the platform. In this paper, we describe the detailed mechanical design and system architecture, kinematic models, control architecture, and stability of the platform. We deployed the platform both in a lab setting and in a real-time drain environment to demonstrate the wall collision avoidance, stability, and level shifting capabilities of the platform.

Hydrological Environment and Prospects of a Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study of Gwalior, India

With rapidly growing water demand, arid and semi-arid regions face severe water shortages. The study district, Gwalior, is considered to be one of the vulnerable semi-arid districts in India. Due to the expansion of the city towards its surroundings within the plinth area of the city, low and declining vegetation cover and less precipitation, the district has faced extreme water scarcity in recent decades. Under extreme conditions, villagers in the Gwalior district are forced to temporarily move closer to the nearby river Chambal to fulfil their drinking water needs and support their livestock. This study is an investigation into the environmental conditions of Gwalior, mainly focusing on its hydrology. Methods such as the preparation of base maps from different satellite images and other conventional data sources and GIS techniques for interpretation have been used in the study. The database has been designed based on research gaps, and suggestions have been given based on the conceptual data model. Some suggestions proposed by the study are water conservation at the household level, rainwater harvesting and environmental awareness, maintenance of underground drains and construction of new drains to prevent contamination of the water used for domestic purposes. .

Automatic Compensation of the Positional Error Utilizing Localization Method in Pipe

Since 1965, a numerous number of cities implementing sewerage systems have increased rapidly throughout Japan, and sewerage development is considered to be becoming more widespread in various regions. However, with the increase of management facilities, the aging of facilities for long-term use is becoming more and more apparent. The standard expected durability of these pipes is approximately 50 years, but there is a tendency and a risk that the number of collapsed roads will increase rapidly 30 years after the pipes are laid. Against this background, maintenance of drainage and sewage pipes is critical and must be carried out continuously. Therefore, in recent years, investigation using robots have been actively conducted in order to reduce manual workload of the workers. However, these robots have a large-scale system as a whole, and as a result, they are poorly maintainable and expensive. Therefore, in this research, I have developed an autonomous and portable pipe inspection robot through the know-how on rescue robots which I have studied so far. However, for inspections using a pipe inspection robot, there is always the risk that the robot itself will tip over due to steps or small gaps at the joints of the pipes or slips caused by sludge. Therefore, to prevent tumbles and rollovers of the robot, I propose a localization method only by straight-driving control without relying on hardware. In addition, taking possible slips inside pipes into account, this method utilizes only acceleration sensor. In this study, localization method using only accelerometer mounted on the robot, which focuses on the relation between the pipe and the contact point of the tires, was shown as well as presenting a method using numerical analysis to derive the estimated values. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the estimation was stable as a result of an estimation experiment using autonomous small pipe inspection robot with and without a gradient (approx. 4/100) of a pipe, with a diameter of 189mm.

Complex Proposal of Flood Protection Measures for Small Municipalities in the Area of Small Carpathians

The article describes problems associated with the design of the flood protection measures for small settlements situated at the foot of a mountain. In recent years, these settlements have had problems with flood discharges due to the new development (concreted areas), land/soil management change (private owners farming on their own grounds and do not cooperate together), neglecting of maintenance of surface drains (or their full filling) and river bed channels of the small streams (often dried up during the year, overgrown with woody plants, covered with waste), and of course, also due to climate changes, where the flood discharges are revalued – they are increased. In addition, sub-mountain regions are also characterized by flash floods when a large amount of rainfall falls on a relatively small area with a steeper longitudinal slope. Since the creeks are small there, it could be said to be insignificant, no gauging stations are being built there, so the hydrological data necessary for the design of the flood protection measures are missing. In the article, the procedure of the flood protection measure design for a small sub-mountain area is described which resulted in the design of additional detention reservoirs, complementing the existing detention reservoirs. The HEC-HMS software was used for the hydraulic calculation and the GEOSTUDIO program was used to assess the bank slope stability of the proposed detention reservoirs.

Exploring ventricular dysfunction and poor venous drainage during robotic mitral valve surgery.

del Nido (DN) cardioplegia is commonly used during robotic mitral valve surgery. Poor venous drainage during surgery may result in venous backpressure and washout of this one-shot cardioplegia, limiting its cardioprotective effects. One hundred eighty-seven patients undergoing isolated robotic mitral valve surgery, from January 2015 to July 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative central venous pressure (CVP) tracings were reviewed and venous drainage was categorized as good or poor and the relationship of the quality of venous drainage to postoperative ventricular dysfunction (operationalized as the need for inotropic support during and after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB]) was assessed. Drainage was judged to be good in 107 patients and poor in 79 patients. On univariate analysis, 23 patients (41%) with good drainage required inotropic support whereas 33 patients (59%) with poor drainage required inotropic support (P = .0025). On multivariable analysis, poor venous drainage remained significantly associated with inotropic use even after adjusting for cross-clamp and CPB time. Inotrope use was associated with significantly longer intensive care unit length of stay (P = .027). Maintenance of excellent venous drainage, as assessed by CVP monitoring, should be a high priority in isolated robotic mitral valve surgery undertaken with DN cardioplegia.

Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study

Qila Bala Hisar is one of the noteworthy places of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The fort was constructed on a filled ground during the 18th century and it was renovated several times by the occupants ever since. Recently, due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.3, the upper part of the south-western wall of the fort collapsed. The collapse of the wall was attributed to the failure of the retained slope. This research was undertaken to characterize the slope material, study causal factors of failure and evaluate remedial strategy. The investigation involved conventional field and laboratory testing and geophysical investigation using electrical resistivity technique to evaluate the nature of stratum. Also, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the slope material at a molecular level to evaluate the existence of swelling potential. The analysis has shown that excessive seepage of water caused by the poor maintenance of runoff and sewage drains is the causal factor triggered by the seismic event. A remedial strategy involving soil nails, micro piles and improvement of the surface drainage is recommended.

Principles of STAGE Management for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on the Wagner and Texas Classification Systems.

The current Wagner and Texas classifications of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are used worldwide to assess the extent of foot lesions, but wound treatment principles based on both the classification systems are lacking. We have summarized the STAGE principles of wound treatment for clinical practice based on the Wagner and Texas classification systems. The STAGE principles refer to the principles of surgical intervention during wound treatment of DFUs and emphasize that "based on anatomical layers, the management focuses on blood supply and includes layer-by-layer incision to the infected area, maintenance of effective wound drainage, and step-by-step treatment of the wound." During treatment, microcirculation improvement and microvascular angiogenesis (A) are essential for granulation tissue formation in the bone (skeleton, S) and tendons (T) and healing of the wound with reepithelialization (E). We defined the above mentioned steps as the STAGE principles, namely, layer-by-layer incision and step-by-step management (Phase A is essential for the treatments in Phases S-T and G-E). Ulcers or gangrene formed during Phases S-T or T should be treated according to the STAGE or TAGE principles, respectively. Similar treatment principles are applied in the other phases. However, treatments at each phase are not isolated and can be performed simultaneously. The STAGE principle can be combined with the tissue, infection, moisture, and wound edge (TIME) and TIME-H chronic wound treatment principles to eliminate the shortcomings of a single principle in wound management.

Treatment of Diabetic Foot Gangrene Using the STAGE Principle: A Case Series

Diabetic foot gangrene with lower extremity ischemia can preclude amputation. However, wound treatment principles based on the Wagner classification system are lacking. We proposed the STAGE principle for the surgical management of diabetic foot wounds. The STAGE principle guides surgical intervention during the wound treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and emphasizes that "based on anatomical layers, the management focuses on blood supply and includes layer-by-layer incision to the infected area, maintenance of effective wound drainage, and step-by-step treatment of the wound." We applied the STAGE principle for the treatment of 7 patients with an ankle brachial index <0.5 and Wagner grade 4 diabetic foot gangrene. The average ankle brachial index was 0.42 (0.32-0.48; SD = 0.06), and male patients smoked an average of 1.28 packs/day (0.4-2; SD = 0.63). The average wound duration was 45.86 days (14-63 days; SD = 18.46). The average wound healing time was 8.86 months (5-13 months; SD = 2.36). The follow-up time was 37.71 months (3-84 months; SD = 25.04; median = 36 months). Patient 1 received endovascular interventional therapy twice for the lower extremity artery, and the wound healed. After 3 months of follow-up, the patient exhibited recurrence. After the third application of endovascular interventional therapy for the lower extremity artery, the blood supply was improved, and the wound healed after 1 month. In summary, the treatment of 7 cases of diabetic foot gangrene with severe lower extremity ischemia using the STAGE principle resulted in remarkable efficacy.

ДЕГРАДАЦІЯ ЕКОСИСТЕМНИХ ПОСЛУГ ПРИРОДООХОРОННИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В УРБАНІЗОВАНИХ ЗОНАХ

The article analyzes the state of development and implementation of the ecosystem services concept in the world and in Ukraine as an integral part of the global economic value of the planet. The impact of the quality of ecosystem services of protected areas on the urban infrastructure functioning is not researched well; the consideration of the importance of protected areas ecosystem services of urban areas for large cities vital activities is limited; also, there is a need to manage such territories on the basis of the ecosystem approach. This study substantiates the necessity of identification and evaluation of protected areas of ecosystem services in urban zones. The research of main causes and factors of ecosystem services degradation in the urbanized environment has been done on the example of the regional landscape park «Lysa Gora» in Kyiv-city. It has revealed the value of supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services of ecosystems within the limits of each park’s landscape-functional zone for the city’s livelihoods. The most important services provided by the ecosystems of the landscape park reserve zone are the habitats preservation of the most valuable populations of the Red List plants, animals and mushrooms species and their biodiversity, soil formation, deflation of rocks, water infiltration and moisture accumulation, herb maintenance of surface and underground drainage, replenishment soil moisture, the flow of nutrients and water, the primary products production and oxygen production in the process of photosynthesis, the regulation air quality and balance in it dioxide and oxygen, ultraviolet rays protection, microclimate regulation, implement erosion and biological control. Among the ecosystem services of the regulated recreation zone, the most important are recreational, environmentally education, cultural, behavioural and scientific-cognitive, whose value is significantly increased in an urbanized environment. The real threat of the Kyiv’s loss of the valuable biodiversity focus and recreation areas is the result of conflicts between different subjects of nature using. There has been created a mapping, which shows the main factors of the study area ecosystem services degradation. In particular, within the reserve zone, such factors are frequent arrival of motor transport, laying quad bikes excursion routes by the most valuable parts of the park, misuse of the reserve zone, dumping of garbage in natural reservoirs, tree felling. The most common causes of ecosystem services degradation within the regulated recreation zone are the massive unorganized recreation of the local population, widespread firefighting, municipal waste incineration, sanitary logging, dumping of building debris, etc. In order to preserve and restore the landscape park ecosystem services quality, which is used by a significant part of the local population, the conflicts identified must be eliminated immediately.

7 PENYEBAB BANJIR DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN YANG PADAT PENDUDUKNYA

In Indonesia during the rainy season floods often occur in urban areas, especially in a very densely populated areas. Central or local government has always suffered huge losses due to widespread flooding and paralyze all activities of the city. So many environmental issues that can cause flooding and the problem has become very complex. By doing assessment study deeply it can be seen that there are 7 (seven) causes flooding, namely: there is not environmentally sustainable development; The lack of a clean lifestyle in the general public; The lack of planning and maintenance of good drainage; The lack of consistency from the authorities in Spatial Planning and Regional; The absence of good conservation programs in balancing environmental of water; Iand subsidence; and very high rainfall intensity. Therefore it is necessary for serious efforts to address the flooding problem through: The consistency in environmentally sustainable development; Clean lifestyle in the community; The application of the concept " Water front City "; The application of the concept " One River One Management "; Making Infiltration; Prevention of Land Subsidence by Groundwater Injection manner; and Improved coordination of all stakeholders. Keywords: Causes flooding, options in handling flood problem.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Feedlot Surface Materials as Affected by Diet, Moisture, Temperature, and Time

Abstract. A laboratory study was conducted to measure the effects of diet, moisture, temperature, and time on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from feedlot surface materials (FSM). The FSM were collected from open-lot pens where beef cattle were fed either a dry-rolled corn (DRC) diet containing no wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) or a DRC diet containing 35% WDGS. The FSM were collected, air-dried or mixed with 3.0 L of water to represent dry or wet conditions, and then incubated at temperatures of 5°C, 15°C, 25°C, or 35°C. Static flux chambers were used to quantify GHG emissions over a 14-day period. Flux data for each diet × moisture combination were analyzed using repeated measures in time. The largest GHG emissions occurred under wet conditions at temperatures of 25°C and 35°C. Flux values for these conditions typically were significantly greater than measurements obtained on the same day at 5°C and 15°C. Mean emissions under wet conditions for CO2, CH4, and N2O were 35, 121, and 278 times greater, respectively, than emissions from dry FSM. The 0% WDGS diet produced mean CO2 and N2O flux measurements that were 1.8 and 1.5 times greater, respectively, than those obtained for the 35% WDGS diet. The 35% WDGS diet, in contrast, produced a mean CH4 emission rate that was 6 times greater than the 0% WDGS diet. Management for GHG mitigation should include design and/or maintenance of pen drainage to speed drying as well as the use of modified animal diets. Keywords: Air quality, Carbon dioxide, Confined animal feeding operations, Drainage, Emission rates, Feedlot, Greenhouse gas, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Pen design.

The impact of drainage towards roads in maintenance cost

An ideal road infrastructure has a low cost for maintenance and better performance of the roads and drainage systems. The disintegrated maintenance system between the roads and drainage is the major cause of an increasing road maintenance cost. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the impact of drainage towards roads in maintenance cost. This paper is located in Surakarta which was divided into eight catchment areas. The main variables of this paper are cost maintenance of drainage and roads, which were analyzed using regression. These variable data were obtained from the total cost per year allocated by Surakarta City Government on the urban drainage and local road maintenance budget from 2013 to 2017. The results showed that low drainage maintenance cost tended to result in high road maintenance cost.

Fish assemblages in agricultural drains are resilient to habitat change caused by drain maintenance

A better understanding of how human activities affect biodiversity can be important for effective resource management. We tested how excavation (maintenance) of agricultural drains (ditches) altered fish assemblages. Uncertainty regarding the effects of drain maintenance on fish assemblages has been a source of tension between landowners, drain superintendents, and fishery managers. Fish assemblages in eight southwestern Ontario drains were sampled repeatedly from before to 2 years after drain maintenance using a replicated before–after, control–impact (BACI) design. Relative to reference sites, we found no evidence for short- or long-term decreases in the number of species and total abundance of fishes following drain maintenance, nor any consistent change in assemblage composition, despite clear changes in physical habitat. The fish assemblages in drains were resilient to drain maintenance and did not show changes expected to concern fishery managers. Our findings provide fishery managers with the information needed to manage drain maintenance more effectively under the Fish Protection Program of the Fisheries Act and to develop drain maintenance practices that balance the needs of agriculture with the protection of fish biodiversity.

Maintenance of agricultural drains alters physical habitat, but not macroinvertebrate assemblages exploited by fishes

The effects of drain maintenance on fish habitat and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages (fish prey) were investigated for eight agricultural drains in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Our investigation employed a replicated Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design where each maintained section of a drain was paired with an unmaintained section downstream and an unmaintained section on a nearby reference drain of similar size and position in the watershed. Seven variables characterizing physical habitat features important to fishes and three variables characterizing the taxonomic abundance, densities, and relative densities of benthic macroinvertebrates were measured before drain maintenance and 10–12 times over 2 years following maintenance. Pulse responses were detected for three habitat variables quantifying vegetative cover: percent vegetation on the bank, percent in-stream vegetation, and percent cover. All three variables returned to pre-maintenance levels within two years of maintenance. No consistent changes were observed in the remaining habitat features or in the richness and densities of benthic invertebrate assemblages following drain maintenance. Our findings suggest that key features of fish habitat, structural properties and food availability, are resistant to drain maintenance.