Maintenance Contracts Research Articles

Analisis Maintenance Quayside Container Crane Dengan Metode Failure Mode And Effect Analysis ( Fmea)

Quayside container crane is a type of crane that is placed on the dock at a container terminal that handles loading and unloading of containers from ship to dock or from dock to ship. Quayside container crane is composed of structural parts, mechanical components, electrical components and control systems. This research was conducted to find the root of the problem in the Quayside container crane, by analyzing the system that was experiencing breakdown maintenance. The data used was a breakdown history Quayside container crane No. 01 in 2018-2019 at the Patchouli Terminal of Tanjung Perak Port. The analysis methods used are Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). From the results of the analysis carried out, it was found that a list of failures that caused the breakdown in 2018-2019 consisted of supply electrical power systems, main hoisting systems, spreader systems, gantry traveling systems, maintrolley traveling systems, and boom hoisting systems. The solution to reduce breakdowns that have occurred is by implementation of predictive maintenance, preventive maintenance, and repair of SOPs and annual maintenance contracts. By using quantitative analysis using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), the largest Risk Priority Number (RPN) is obtained on the main trolley travel system of 450, then continued by the gantry traveling system. 360, the main hoisting system is 280, the suplying electrical power system is 294 and the boom hoist system is 42. Based on the results of the Pareto diagram, the cumulative percentage of priority breakdown calculations is 83% of the main trolley travel system damage,

Нормативне забезпечення запровадження довгострокових контрактів на експлуатаційне утримання автомобільних доріг для забезпечення їх експлуатаційного стану

Introduction. The research level of the implementation of long-term contracts for road maintenance has increased significantly over the past few years. Over the last year several basic regulatory framework have been developed and approved, which allow to start the practical implementation of such contracts. The issue of determining the cost of long-term contracts for road maintenance to ensure their operational condition will be disclosed by the authors. Problem Statement. One of the main problems that preceded the work on research and development of methodological support was and still is the low quality of the operational condition of roads in Ukraine. According to the Global Economic Forum experts, who assess the quality of roads in 141 countries, in 2019 Ukraine took 119th place with a score of 3.0 out of 7 possible [1]. An important factor is the tendency to a certain degree of neglect of operational maintenance in favor of larger investment projects (reconstruction, repairing and even construction). Irregular and improper maintenance of roads significantly increases the cost of subsequent reconstruction or overhaul. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the basic theoretical principles and justification of the developed mechanism for determining the cost of long-term contracts for road maintenance and related regulations that ensure its implementation. Materials and methods. When writing the article the theoretical method of scientific research was used. The method of analysis was used in terms of the developed regulatory framework to determine the cost of long-term contracts for road maintenance. Results. In this article the current exploratory works in the development of regulatory framework for the functioning of long-term contracts for road maintenance to ensure their operational condition were analyzed. The result of the work is the disclosure of the mechanism for determining the cost performance-based road maintenance contracts and in particular all the documents on which it is based. Conclusions. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that local developments that aim to implement the long-term contracts for road maintenance to ensure its’ operational status have reached a level where they can be actively used to upgrade road maintenance. The in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of such contracts and the nature of methodological recommendations disclosed in the article convinces of sufficient regulatory support for this type of contracts under consideration and determines further steps for the development of this direction.

Pricing service maintenance contracts using predictive analytics

As more manufacturers shift their focus from selling products to end solutions, full-service maintenance contracts gain traction in the business world. These contracts cover all maintenance related costs during a predetermined horizon in exchange for a fixed service fee and relieve customers from uncertain maintenance costs. To guarantee profitability, the service fees should at least cover the expected costs during the contract horizon. As these expected costs may depend on several machine-dependent characteristics, e.g. operational environment, the service fees should also be differentiated based on these characteristics. If not, customers that are less prone to high maintenance costs will not buy into or renege on the contract. The latter can lead to adverse selection and leave the service provider with a maintenance-heavy portfolio, which may be detrimental to the profitability of the service contracts. We contribute to the literature with a data-driven tariff plan based on the calibration of predictive models that take into account the different machine profiles. This conveys to the service provider which machine profiles should be attracted at which price. We demonstrate the advantage of a differentiated tariff plan and show how it better protects against adverse selection.

Context-Dependent Modulation of Corticomuscular Coherence in a Series of Motor Initiation and Maintenance of Voluntary Contractions.

For our precise motor control, we should consider “motor context,” which involves the flow from feedforward to feedback control. The present study focused on corticomuscular coherence (CMC) to physiologically evaluate how the sensorimotor integration is modulated in a series of movements depending on the motor context. We evaluated CMC between electroencephalograms over the sensorimotor cortex and rectified electromyograms from the tibialis anterior muscle during intermittent contractions with 2 contraction intensities in 4 experiments. Although sustained contractions with weak-to-moderate intensities led to no difference in CMC between intensities, intermittent ballistic-and-hold contractions with 2 intensities (10% and 15% or 25% of the maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) presented in a randomized order resulted in greater magnitude of CMC for the weaker intensity. Moreover, the relative amount of initial error was larger for trials with 10% of MVC, which indicated that initial motor output was inaccurate during weaker contractions. However, this significant difference in CMC vanished in the absence of trial randomization or the application of intermittent ramp-and-hold contractions with slower torque developments. Overall, CMC appears to be modulated context-dependently and is especially enhanced when active sensorimotor integration is required in feedback control periods because of the complexity and inaccuracy of preceding motor control.

Rethinking Contracts: The Heart of Eric Berne’s Transactional Analysis

The author explores the philosophical context of the origins of Eric Berne’s bilateral contract in transactional analysis as well as related intersubjective factors. She describes the coexistence of Bernean psychoanalytic roots and phenomenological aspects that underlie contracts. The Bernean contract is analyzed and discussed along with other concepts such as bilaterality, multicornered contracts, and the development and maintenance of contracts. These are considered in terms of the centrality and ethics of a contractual attitude that emerge in the process of care and counseling.

Optimal post-warranty maintenance contracts for wind turbines considering availability

ABSTRACTOutsourcing maintenance is an economical way for wind farm owners to address sophisticated and expensive maintenance operations of wind turbines. This paper proposes three options for the post-warranty maintenance contract of wind turbines from the perspective of service providers. Option 1 involves corrective maintenance only. In option 2, the first preventive maintenance is performed at a certain time point and after that periodic maintenance is carried out. Option 3 initiates with a preventive replacement and performs periodic maintenance subsequently. An availability target is set over the contract period and failing to satisfy the target incurs a penalty from the service provider. The objective is to determine the optimal preventive maintenance programs of option 2 and option 3 that minimize the contract servicing cost. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed policies. The results show that option 2 and option 3 are more effective than option 1 and their effectiveness grows when warranty and contract coverages increase.

Konten Analisis Kriteria Green Road pada Dokumen Kontrak Konstruksi Jalan Kota Payakumbuh

Road construction has negative side effects on the environment, including reduced non-renewable natural resources, increased emissions, construction waste, reduced productive land and damaged ecosystems. To minimize this problem environmentally friendly efforts are needed in the implementation of road construction. One of the efforts made is to use the concept of greenroad. This concept can be applied at every stage of the implementation of road construction, especially at the stage of road construction and maintenance. This study aims to assess the application of greenroad criteria in construction contract documents using the Content Analysis method. While the case study examined is the Payakumbuh City Road Rehabilitation / Maintenance Contract document in 2016, 2017 and 2018 with a contract value above four billion rupiah. Greenroad assessment criteria use PUPR Minister Circular Number 04/SE/M/2018 concerning GreenRoad Ranking Guidelines. In this guide the assessment of greenroads is grouped into five categories, 35 subcategories and 84 criteria. The categories are Conservation of environment, water, air and nature (KL), Provision of transportation and community (TM), Construction implementation activities (AK), Use of materials and natural resources (MS), Pavement technology (TP). The criteria contained in each subcategory have a weighted value. The maximum total value possible in this scoring system is 100. While the greenroad ranking system is divided into four levels, represented by the number of stars. While the greenroad ratings for contracts in 2017 and 2018 are 2 stars with 15.01 each. The increase in value in 2017 is in the AK category with a value of 3.36 in 2016 to 5.46 in 2017. While the opportunity to add green road criteria to the Periodic Road Rehabilitation/ Maintenance contract can be applied in the GCC (general terms of the contract) and technical specifications as many as 26 criteria.
 Keywords: green road, adjusment criteria, content analisys, contract

Competitive tendering, ownership and cost efficiency in road maintenance services in Sweden: A panel data analysis

Abstract This paper uses econometric methods to study the cost efficiency of road maintenance provision in Sweden for the first time. The novelty lies in the application of econometric techniques to a new and rich panel dataset (73 contracts; 11 years, 2004–2014) with a wide range of variables and approaches to controlling for heterogeneity (including weather variation). The analysis is applied in the context of a sector where all road maintenance contracts are subject to competitive tendering, but with a state-run provider competing against private firms. The key focus is whether, even after competitive tendering, efficiency differences remain between the state provider and private entrants. We find that the state-run provider has significantly higher costs (between 8 and 20%) than private firms despite holding 60% of the market. The results suggest that substantial savings are possible through opening up road maintenance to the private sector through competition for the market; but that in Sweden, the tendering process is still not working optimally. Further research is needed to understand why the current cost gap persists between public and private providers, despite competitive tendering having been present across the whole market for several years.

Tantangan Penyelenggaraan Perfomance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC) Pada Jalan Nasional

The applicaton of Performance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC)is a kind of updated innovation which recently applied conventional contract. The maintenance contract performance based was applied by General Director of Highways (Bina Marga) to replace conventional maintenance contract. The contrast between conventional contract and PBMC lied on The maintenance system conducted. Conventional contract maintains the input and maintenance, however PBMC maintains the output and the outcome. The contractors independently determined the maintenance work will be conducted. In shake of fulfilling users intentions, the contractors will raise the value added for the maintenance process with fully creative and innovative. PBMC application training has been conducting since 2011 by director of highways, however the rapid overloading described that the condition of national roads application isn’t yet ideal, the provision of infrastructure is unstabel and preservation handling isn’t quite assertive and hasn’t completely conducted. In line with the well management principals, they are planning and organizing PMBC application. The way to handle broken and failed infrastructure. There are some topics being discussed in this paper, such as the deception of PBMC contract based on management principals, gap between field technically and basic concepts. Some challenges ruined over the concept of PBMC in improving the maintenance of national roads near future

Framework Development of Performance-Based Striping Maintenance Contracts

AbstractState DOTs have been using traditional contracts with prescriptive specifications to procure road maintenance work. However, performance-based contracts (PBCs) have been used for design-bui...

Operation Maintenance Contract Scheme in Railway Infrastructure Project

Railway plays a significant role in improving connectivity and generates economic growth of a nation. The contract in railway has been discussed to improve industry railway competitiveness in the past decades not only in developed countries but also developing countries such as Indonesia. The country attempt to build railway tracks across the country, but the contract for operation and maintenance remain a question. The paper attempts to support the mechanism of operation and maintenance contract and use railway project in the country as the case study. The research uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches through the in-depth interview and questionnaire survey. It distributed to key stakeholders related to railway and infrastructure project consist of a government institution, private investor, a state-owned enterprise, and local-owned enterprise. The result shows that performance-based contract is the most suitable for the railway industry. It shall consider duration and the contract value to select the best contract. The project prefers to be managed by private investors or local-owned enterprise. Business entity selection shall consider their company reputation, licensing requirement, and healthy financial structure.

BWHealthy Weight Pilot Study: A randomized controlled trial to improve weight-loss maintenance using deposit contracts in the workplace.

ObjectiveDeposit contracts, where participants “bet” on achieving a goal and get their money back only if successful, have been shown to be effective for short-term weight-loss. This pilot study examined their effect on weight-loss maintenance.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2018, we conducted a pilot, 50-week randomized controlled trial among 42 hospital employees (19 intervention and 23 control), in Boston, Massachusetts, who lost ≥10 lb (4.5 kg) in the two years prior to enrollment. Participants were recruited primarily in-person. Both control and intervention participants were asked to attend a weigh in weekly and received weekly email communication. Intervention participants also entered into a deposit contract to maintain baseline weight within ≤2 lb (0.9 kg). We examined weight change from baseline to 50 weeks (primary outcome) and maintenance of baseline weight at 50 weeks (secondary outcome; binary – yes v. no). Participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys and received incentives for completion.ResultsAt baseline, mean (SD) weight was 83.2 (15.5 kg) among intervention and 80.7 (14.5 kg) among control participants. After 50 weeks, intervention participants had slightly less but non-significant weight gain (adjusted β −1.12 kg; 95% CI −5.28, 3.05) than control participants; 73.7% of intervention v. 39.1% of control participants met their weight-loss maintenance goal by study end (adjusted OR 4.78; 95% CI 1.01, 22.71).ConclusionsA deposit contract was not associated with differences in weight but led to more participants meeting their weight-loss maintenance goals; a deposit contract for weight-loss maintenance should be tested in a full-scale intervention. Most intervention participants viewed the deposit contract as acceptable.

Integration, Application and Importance of Collaboration in Sustainable Project Management

The need to consider sustainability has substantially increased the complexity of implementing construction and infrastructure projects and new management practices have emerged during the past decade to tackle the global sustainability challenges, where the engagement and coordination of broader competences from stakeholders throughout the supply chain is required. This new project management paradigm has been accompanied by greater attention to the concept of collaborative business arrangements, often called partnering, that has emerged in construction and infrastructure projects to improve project deliveries. However, there are uncertainties about the optimal strategy to foster, integrate and maintain the required collaboration, particularly in sustainable management practices in infrastructure maintenance projects. This paper addresses these uncertainties, based on a single case study of an infrastructure maintenance contract involving an extensive collaborative business arrangement. The findings reveal that different collaborative practices affect diverse aspects of sustainable project management. Further, the extensive collaborative business arrangement has promoted sustainable deliveries based upon organizational learning and continuous improvements. Thus, this study offers an encouraging example of how extensive collaboration can be fostered and play a key role in sustainable project management practices.

Optimal pricing structure in a maintenance contract: a game theory approach

This essay presents a novel look at Murthy and Asgharizadeh's study (Murthy & Asgharizadeh, 1998). The authors developed a decision problem applied to maintenance outsourcing involving two decision-makers (players). If a consumer buys a product, then outsources the maintenance actions to a maintenance agent (agent) who offers two maintenance options; a maintenance contract that holds a penalty clause which is activated if the agent's time to repair is higher than a specified time, and services on-demand. The model yields equilibrium strategies based on the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium. The agent defines the optimal pricing structure for the maintenance options considering the equipment's useful life while the consumer maximizes their expected payoff by choosing one maintenance option. Our contribution to this research branches in three ways. First, once the model deals with random variables, it represents a stochastic optimization problem. We propose a different approach to estimate this penalty time by using the Monte Carlo method. The second contribution is to present a formal definition of this decision problem as a game, emphasizing the game theory's components. Finally, we reinterpret the players' equilibrium strategies.

Proposition of a Model for Selection of the Hybrid Contract Implementation Strategy for a Pilot Project of Regular Road Maintenance in Montenegro

Performance‐based maintenance contracts (PBMCs) are modern contracts that should allow road maintenance entities to contract maintenance activities more successfully and generate money value. In the case of Montenegro, a gradual approach of PBMC introduction is recommended through a hybrid contract for routine road maintenance. Hybrid contract implementation will enable a lower level of client risk in the early stages of PBM contract. Game theory is used for selection of an adequate model for hybrid contract structure in terms of size and nature of the BoQ elements. In addition to the estimated or charged quantities of works from previous contracts, the model also includes parameters that to some extent take into account the experience and expertise of contractors and clients, but also the availability of road data. In order for model to be applied, historical data from traditional road maintenance contracts, which were implemented in the previous period in Montenegro, are used.

Game theoretic models in fleet performance-based maintenance contracts

Game theoretic models in fleet performance-based maintenance contracts

Наследственный договор в системе наследственного права Российской Федерации: дискуссионные проблемы

Since June 1, 2019, in the Russian Federation, along with inheritance by will and hereditary succession, inheritance by inheritance contract is appeared. We emphasize that the rather long periods that have passed from the public announcement of the idea of the inheritance contract, its discussion in the scientific community and at the legislative level, did not save the rules on the inheritance contract from a number of shortcomings and controversy. In this regard, we analyze a number of controversial issues that have arisen in connection with the emergence of an inheritance contract in the system of inheritance law in Russia. We indicate that the place of the inheritance contract in the system of Russian inheritance law is still uncertain. Among other things, we consider the problem of the relationship between an inheritance contract and a will, an inheritance contract and a contract of lifelong maintenance with a dependent. In particular, we note that the fundamental difference between an inheritance contract and a life maintenance contract with a dependent is that the ownership of the property passes at the time of the conclusion of a life maintenance contract with a dependent, and in an inheritance contract – after the death of the testator. The issue of the parties to inheritance contract is also discussed. Based on the legislation analysis, we identify shortcomings in the legal regulation of relations related to the inheritance contract.

Criticality Analysis of Medical Equipment: A Case Study at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) Amman-Jordan

Proper maintenance management of medical equipment is of prime importance to the health sector as otherwise this would result in poor treatment, longer waiting times and patients suffering as well as draining, the normally limited, financial resources of most public medical institutions. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman-Jordan is a unique medical institution where treatment of different types of cancer is provided and where equipment unavailability is considered a risky event which may result in life-threatening complications. This is especially true for critical treatment equipment. Criticality analysis was performed on a representative sample of medical equipment at KHCC in order to assess and improve the effectiveness of current maintenance management policy. A sample of twenty-one medical devices was selected for this study. Past failure and maintenance data, in addition to relevant financial information, were collected for these devices and compiled into criticality ranks. In order to take account of the special nature of these equipment medical criticality (in terms of risk score) values were also calculated based on relevant tables of the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE). Overall criticality ranking of medical equipment was then determined based on equipment cost, ASHE risk score, reliability and maintenance cost. The present results have revealed major flaws within the purchase and maintenance policies at KHCC. For example, some extremely expensive devices with extremely high-cost maintenance contracts were revealed to exhibit low reliability values and suffer from repeated failures. These were within patient-sensitive equipment cancer treatment devices. The results also have shown that under "less than optimum" maintenance practice, the ASHE risk score may be a misleading measure of equipment criticality. This was shown by comparing the obtained overall equipment criticality to their ASHE risk score where high level of discrepancy was present between the two measures.

Real Option Valuation of Flexibility in Operation and Maintenance Contracts of Water Pipelines Based on Reliability Analysis

AbstractPitting corrosion of buried cast iron water pipelines causes damage that cannot be easily detected without advanced monitoring tools. Structural reliability analysis can be used to account ...

LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF A PBC PILOT PROJECT FOR ROAD IN INDONESIA

Implementation of Performance-based Contracts (PBC) for road maintenance in Indonesia still requires various studies, especially related to potential long-term cost efficiencies that can be achieved by the road agencies by shifting the application of traditional contracts to PBC. This study assesses the effectiveness of PBC compared to traditional contract implementation based on a case study on one of the PBC pilot projects in Indonesia. The effectiveness of the PBC reviews in terms of project life cycle cost efficiency was calculated. LCC calculations were conducted by considering the influence of the length of contracted road, the initial conditions of contracted road, and the duration of PBC project. The LCC calculation shows that the implementation of PBC generally has the potential to generate LCC efficiency compared to the traditional contract. This study also proved that the implementation of PBC can guarantee the performance of road services during multi-year contracts and also provide other benefits for the road agency and road users.
 ABSTRAK: Pelaksanaan Kontrak Berasaskan Prestasi (PBC) bagi penyelenggaraan jalan di Indonesia masih memerlukan pelbagai kajian, terutama berkaitan potensi keberkesanan perbelanjaan jangka panjang yang dapat dicapai oleh pihak agensi jalan dengan mengalihkan penerapan kontrak tradisional ke PBC. Kajian ini menilai keberkesanan PBC berbanding dengan pelaksanaan kontrak tradisional berdasarkan kajian kes pada salah satu projek perintis PBC di Indonesia. Keberkesanan ulasan PBC ini adalah dari segi kecekapan kos kitaran hayat projek. Pengiraan LCC dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh panjang jalan yang dikontrak, keadaan awal jalan terkontrak, dan jangka waktu projek PBC. Pengiraan LCC menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan PBC secara amnya berpotensi untuk menghasilkan kecekapan LCC berbanding dengan kontrak tradisional. Kajian ini juga membuktikan bahawa pelaksanaan PBC dapat menjamin prestasi perkhidmatan jalan selama kontrak multi-tahun dan juga memberi manfaat lain untuk agensi jalan dan pengguna jalan raya.