Main Methodological Tool Research Articles

Tracing Metaphor Transformations in Translation of Fiction by Type and Density

Heavily neglected by language scholars and ascribed poetics value only, metaphor was reinvented by Lakoff and Johnsons’ iconic study in the 1980s, which showed its pervasiveness in language and thought. Paradoxically, though, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, especially in its early variants, alienated metaphor research from poetics. The latter has slowly been finding its feet in conceptual metaphor studies, especially with the help of newly developed fields of linguistic research such as corpus studies, which allow for obtaining of ample material for cross-cultural analysis. This paper is an example of such an analysis and aims by identifying the conceptual metaphors behind the metaphorical linguistic expressions in key texts from five of the greatest stylists of the English language, and by comparing them to their translations into Bulgarian, to find out whether metaphor is lost or transformed in any way. The main methodological tool used in the current paper is parallel text analysis. Our findings regarding literature in translation, suggest that the target texts (the translated ones) are not inferior in terms of metaphor type and density to the original ones and are appropriate for close reading.

Концептуальні оцінки реалізації засад інклюзивного розвитку сільських територій за участі агрохолдингових інтегрованих формувань

The purpose of the article is to make conceptual assessments of the implementation of the principles of inclusive rural areas development with the participation of agroholding integrated formations. Research methods. In the course of the research a number of general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: system-structural analysis and synthesis as the main methodological tool (in the analysis of directions of social responsibility and inclusive development of agroholding integrated formations); monographic (in determining the essence and methodological assessment of the role of agroholding integrated formations as integrated structures in the inclusive development of Ukraine's economy); extrapolations (with substantiation of potential and possibilities of strengthening of inclusive orientation in development of agroholding integrated formations for the future). Research results. The methodological context of inclusiveness in the effects of management in the agricultural sector of the economy in the formation of the concept of sustainability is outlined. Institutional and organizational-economic characteristics are revealed and priority roles of agroholding integrated formations in realization of principles of inclusive development of rural territories are identified. The emphasis on the direction of development of agroholding integrated formations on realization of projects of socially responsible management which will consider features of development of rural territories is defined as effective and methodically expedient. Scientific novelty. The methodological context of inclusiveness in the effects of management in the agricultural sector of the economy in the formation of the concept of sustainability is outlined. Institutional and organizational-economic characteristics are revealed and priority roles of agroholding integrated formations in realization of principles of inclusive development of rural territories are identified. The emphasis on the direction of development of agroholding integrated formations on realization of projects of socially responsible management which will consider features of development of rural territories is defined as effective and methodically expedient. Practical significance. Methodological substantiation of organizational and economic characteristics and conceptualization of the role of agroholding integrated formations in the implementation of the principles of inclusive rural areas development with proof of the need for stimulating involvement of this type of structures in the implementation of socially responsible management with projection to achieve sustainability through inclusiveness. Tabl.: 2. Refs.: 50.

ТВОРЧЕСКАЯ ЛИЧНОСТЬ В ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО-АВТОРСКОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА В.С. ВЫСОЦКОГО

This paper considers a fragment of V.S. Vysotsky’s worldview through which his attitude to creativity is seen through the prism of the poetically gifted character. A step-by-step method with the artistic concept of creation as the main methodological tool was used for the analysis. The content of the above concept was identified on the basis of the following lyrics: “My bride will truly sob for me” (‘Za menya nevesta otrydaet chestno’, “The seventh string” (‘Sed’maya struna’), and “Silver strings” (‘Serebryanye struny’). The lexemes struna (‘string’) and gitara (‘guitar’) representing the concept of creation function as the leitmotifs in V.S. Vysotsky’s lyrics. They define the directions of association (linguistic, literary, reference, cultural) and the personality of the lyric character through his attitudes to friends, beloved woman, freedom, and life in general. These attitudes in V.S. Vysotsky’s artistic world are determined by the ideologically important opposition of “one’s own – alien”, a nuclear part of the concept of creation that influences its content. It was concluded that the concept of creation shaping the image of the lyric character and his behavior is represented in the studied lyrics by the associative series of tvorchestvo – svoboda – dusha – zhizn’ (‘creativity – freedom – soul – life’) and functions against the background of the opposition of “one’s own – alien”.

О некоторых моментах бинарного взаимодействия науки и философии

The article deals with the main problems and issues that arise in the process of interaction between scientific and philosophical knowledge. The main methodological tool of the research is the concept of binary analysis, developed by the author in recent years. The work can be useful both for scientists working in a wide variety of scientific fields, and for philosophers. And of course, teachers who teach sciences and philosophical disciplines.

The Patriotic Turn in Russia: Political Convergence of the Russian Orthodox Church and the State?

AbstractFollowing two decades of a state-supported patriotic campaign, the Russian Orthodox Church has dramatically increased its presence in the public sphere: in the Armed Forces, in public schools and universities, and even in retirement houses and prisons. The Church's recent activities seem to have no territorial limits: they reach up to the space station “Mir” and the Russian Antarctic Station, as well as the (Russian) Orthodox believers in 62 states. Using a critical discourse analysis of the speeches of top Church leaders as our main methodological tool, our research explores the Church's policies on patriotism and patriotic education, its re-interpretation of historical memory, and the role of the Church in Russian politics. We try to show that while the Church's agenda and approach to politics are idiosyncratic, the Church has become a key actor with an increasingly important political role.

Distinctions and issues of choosing the discount rate for power engineering development forecasts

Subject. The article examines how the discount rate chosen influences the reasonableness of power engineering development forecasts. Economic-mathematical models of optimization serve as the main methodological tool for long-term forecasting on power engineering. Development scenarios are chosen and compared by the lowest amount of discounted cash flows for supplying fuel and energy as much as needed. Such models do not provide for generally accepted methods for substantiating values of the discount rate. Objectives. We identify distinctions in cost discounting, and results throughout phases of power engineering forecasting. We also evaluate how the discount rate chosen influences the outcome of forecasts. Methods. The study is based on the systems analysis of foreign and national practices and original methodological tools that concurrently optimizes the development of power engineering systems and uses the Monte-Carlo method. Results. The article substantiates that optimization models shall employ different approaches to discounting at different hierarchical levels of forecast studies into the fuel and energy complex development. Illustrating the optimization of the development of regional power supply systems, we demonstrate that the discount rate considerably influences the way capacities of power plants are put into operation, and other analyzable indicators. Conclusions and Relevance. Used to forecast the development of power engineering development, the discount rate depends on a future scenario in question. It is set with reference to the forecasted aspect, objectives and methods of forecast studies, the way they accommodate for the evolution of power markets. The more unlikely the future, the higher the risk component of the discount.

Саморепрезентация религиозных организаций в контексте трансформации социальной политики в отношении пожилых: между «служением» и «экспертизой»

The article presents results of the study of self-representation by two religious organizationsin Saint Petersburg, Russia, that provide long-term elderly care. The main aim of the research is to reconstruct how faith-based organizations represent, or position, themselves in the conditions of expansion of the market of nonstate social services in Russia. The study was conducted within the qualitative paradigm of social research and used frame analysis as its main methodological tool. The study analyzed framing used in several dozens of the two organizations’ written texts, such as their official documents, news items, recommendations, leaflets, social media entries, and contents on their official webpages. Following the consensus existing in critical scholarship on the third sector professionalization, the main hypothesis of this study is that at the level of self-representation religious organizations readily abandon their original identity and values of spiritual concern and care for their charges, instead positioning themselves primarily as “experts.” In the course of the study, three main frames were identified: religious “patience,” aligned with the original mission and identity of the organizations; “humanism,” popular among the medical geriatric community; and “professionalization,” which implies self-positioning as experts. The analysis revealed that discourses of “patience” and “humanism” are used relatively rarely, be it at the level of caregivers or in the organizations’ statutory documents. In turn, “professionalization” was the most common type of self-representation, proving the study’s main hypothesis to be correct. Article in Russian DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-2-68-89

A música “Os Meninos do Huambo”: uma experiência de aula-oficina com estudantes do 1º ano de licenciatura em História do Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação de Benguela

O presente texto reflecte uma experiência de aula-oficina realizada em contexto de sala de aula, com o propósito de por um lado efectuar uma análise as idéias prévias dos alunos sobre uma música considerada histórica e revolucionária na realidade angolana, e por outro lado, servir-se da música como principal ferramenta metodológica para facilitar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. É um estudo de natureza qualitativa, um estudo de caso, uma metodologia investigação-acção e serviu-se de um inquérito por questionário aplicado aos sujeitos da investigação em contexto da “aula-oficina”. As produções dos alunos foram analisadas mediante a análise inductiva de conteúdo, sustentada por abordagem inspirada na “Grounded Theory” Strauss & Corbin (2008) tendo em atenção à qualidade do pensamento dos alunos à luz da epistemologia da História. Os constructos dos estudantes oscilaram ao nível da categoria “memorização” no estudo exploratório e ao nível da categoria “interpretação” durante o estudo piloto.

Sustainable farmers, deficient State? Self-reported agricultural sustainability in the Argentine Chaco region

ABSTRACT Unsustainable production systems can exacerbate the negative consequences of deforestation and land use change, increasing the vulnerability of local populations to environmental or economic crises. We developed and applied a participatory method to assess the sustainability of agricultural production systems in the Chaco region of Northern Argentina. We used a combination of theoretical, methodological, and analytical approaches. The theoretical foundation of our study was Elinor Ostrom's general framework for analyzing the sustainability of social-ecological systems (SESs). Our main methodological tool was a participatory, empirical, semi-quantitative multi-criteria decision making methodology based on expert meetings, field trips, and semi-structured interviews. We also made use of a political ecology approach to situate our case study and put our empirical results in perspective by relating them to issues of power and environmental justice. Our findings suggest that local farmers perceive their production systems as barely sustainable, with variables such as type of activity and farm size, among others, clearly influencing their sustainability estimations. Sustainability seems dependent on the skills and organization abilities of local farmers, with the State failing to provide sufficient basic infrastructure and enabling services. Our method could inform policy making aimed at improving the sustainability of agricultural practices in the region.

Non-Use of Force Agreement as a Factor of Influence on Security Issues in the System of International Relations (On the Example of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Conflicts in Europe

Introduction. In recent decades, the issue of security has remained very acute and most pressing in modern international relations. Security is the key word that defines domestic and foreign policies of states in both the Caucasus region and a number of European regions. In the late 80s of the 20th century, the collapse of the Soviet Union was painful, accompanied by the economic collapse, the rupture of socio-economic and political ties, awakening of national identity, which often took the form of nationalistic character. Painful processes took place in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, in the Caucasus, which flamed with conflicts. Owing to ethno political conflicts new state formations appeared. Methods and materials. This article uses a set of methods for studying international politics, mainly the comparative, systemic, structural and functional ones, as well as methods for analyzing and processing documents, including content analysis. The use of the conflictological paradigm is the main methodological tool of this study. The authors also use the case study method for studying various conflicts (Georgian-Ossetian conflict, in Cyprus, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Transdniestria, etc.). The article analyzes the UN Resolutions, treaties, and memorandums relating to the non-use of force in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and conflicts in Europe. Analysis. One of the key aspects of regional security in the system of international relations is the issue of signing the Treaty on the Non-Use of Force. This issue has also been discussed at the official site – the Geneva meetings. The South Caucasus is an unstable, conflict-prone region with many problems. Here interests of both world and regional players collide, which cannot influence stability and security in regional international relations positively. Moreover, new challenges are swaying the situation, in particular, in the form of world terrorism and wars in the neighboring Middle East. Each of the countries located in the South Caucasus is fully aware of the need for stable peace and security in the region, but, at the same time, they do not have a common opinion on the issues relating to the mechanisms for achieving this state. As regards, in particular, the Georgian-Ossetian relations, the situation is aggravated by the foreign policy of these countries – while Georgia is taking steps towards European integration and joining NATO, South Ossetia is more and more integrated into the socio-economic and political legal components of the Russian Federation, denoting its strategic partnership with Russia as a guarantee of its own security. Results. The examples of conflicts in Europe and the Georgian-Ossetian conflict analyzed in the article show that the Agreements on the nonuse of force could serve as a basis for the cease-fire, divorce of the warring parties and the beginning of preparing a platform for the negotiation process. Nevertheless, there is not unequivocal answer to the question of whether such agreements are a guarantee that one of the parties may not violate the agreement and hostilities will not resume again.

The Problems of Formation of the National System of Personnel Training for Vocational Schools: Historical and Genetic Analysis

Introduction. In Russia, the main prerequisite for scientific and industrial modernisation has always been the achievement of critical points of development gap with advanced Western countries, when the implementation of reforms has become a decisive condition for ensuring national security and survival of the state itself. The most important issue in each historical modernisation cycle was the training of scientific and industrial personnel, carried out in accordance with the next strategic tasks.The aims of the present research are the following: to evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanisms to increase human resources in the system of training skilled workers used in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods; to determine the role and importance of higher vocational and pedagogical education, and on this basis, to predict possible ways of its further development.Methodology and research methods. The main methodological tool used in the work is the historical and genetic approach, which allowed the authors to identify and interpret the logic of the centennial process of gradual formation of the Soviet model of vocational education and training (VET); to analyse the requests for education of teachers and masters of industrial training, changing both in terms of scale and requirements, in particular, the requirements to the level of qualification and general culture, and to determine the range of the most effective forms towards meeting these requirements.Results and scientific novelty. The peculiarities of phased development of the Russian system of qualified workers’ training were studied through a comprehensive analytical review of historical literature, documentary sources and statistical data. In this context, the principles of recruiting the teaching staff and masters of industrial training are discussed. Based on historical facts, it is concluded that the restructuring of vocational and pedagogical education is chronically lagged in relation to the urgent needs of the stationary system of young workers’ training.The paper reveals the reasons for the lack of the adequate tasks of holistic concept and the general training programme for teachers and masters in the field of VET throughout almost the entire Soviet period. The authors show a direct connection with this crisis in the system of State labour reserves, which, by the end of the 1950s, was not able to adapt to changes in the technological level of Soviet industry and agriculture, despite the attempts to create specialised types of educational institutions. The serious problems with providing vocational schools with teaching personnel in the 1960s and 1970s are clarified. Along with continuing attempts to “patch up personnel holes” through the administrative direction of qualified workers and competent managers to work in vocational schools, it was initiated to create a network of industrial-pedagogical technical schools. The next logical step was the opening of Sverdlovsk Engineering and Pedagogical Institute in 1978, which started the formation of the system of specialised higher vocational and pedagogical education. Today, it is the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, in which the ideas of integration of sectoral and psycho-pedagogical training continue to be developed. The university professionally prepares and trains competent and multi-skilled specialists in the modern conditions of qualification.Practical significance. The materials of the present article can be useful for historians of education, teachers, theorists and practitioners engaged in the development of vocational education system.

Game as a method for increasing the efficiency of legal thinking

The present paper has as its object the investigation of the methodological basis for improving the effectiveness of legal thinking in game. The place of legal thinking is defined as a constitutive component of law and as a way of constructing legal reality. This paper identifies the problem of the need to improve the efficiency of legal thinking, proposes criteria for effective legal thinking (competitiveness, creativity, productivity, risk-orientation, proactivity, speed) and justifies why the game is the main methodological tool to increase the effectiveness of legal thinking. This paper focuses on the intersubjective context of the game, on the game methodological designs features, on the peculiarities of the game in the context of globalization. The problem of the educational crisis is designated primarily as a methodological crisis associated with the application of traditional teaching methods to the generation that requires new creative teaching methods. It is substantiated that the game from a methodological point of view allows to reorient the teaching of the discipline from the preferential appropriation of knowledge by students to their predominantly creative development and use. Unlike traditional teaching methods, the game helps not to accumulate and organize knowledge, but to generate it. Thanks to the game, a new type of thinking is being formed creative thinking.

Why Continue Studying HRP2 and HRP3 in Malaria?

The main malaria control strategy is rapid and accurate diagnosis followed by effective The quality of the diagnosis is relevant, since an erroneous diagnosis can generate an increase in morbidity and mortality significantly. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that all patients with suspected malaria be diagnosed by microscopy or a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) before Microscopy and RDT are the main options for diagnosing malaria in the field and in remote areas of endemic countries. This is in line with pillar 1 of the elimination strategy Achieve universal access to malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Most of the RDTs available on the market detect an antigen from the parasite produced throughout the life cycle of P. falciparum; this corresponds to the Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (HRP2). In general, HRP2-based RDTs are more sensitive and stable than those based on other Plasmodium antigens, making them the best choice in most endemic countries where P. falciparum malaria predominates. In this review we present evidence on the genetic variability of PfHRP2 and 3 and its potential effect on the efficacy of rapid tests routinely used to diagnose malaria and as main methodological tool elimination programs worldwide.

Student choice of higher education institutions in a post-transitional country: evidence from Serbia

The sector of higher education in developed countries has been facing important structural changes over the last decade, which is now expanding to developing countries also. As the competitive landscape is changing, the trend of commercialisation of higher education has become more evident. Higher education institutions (H.E.I.s) have been developing their business strategies, with a clear focus on marketing activities, changes in organisational processes, and even changes in their priorities and missions, thus becoming more lucrative. Knowing student behaviour and criteria for choice decisions and recognising the main determinants of students’ choice is the basis for establishing an effective strategy of H.E.I.s. The aim of this article is to shed light on student choice criteria when deciding which institution in higher education to enrol, and to identify main moderating influences. Linear mixed model (L.M.M.) was used as the main methodological tool for analysing the main variation in the attitudes and expectations of students, based on several moderating variables, their socio-demographic and personal characteristics. The results reveal main institutional attributes that HEIs from a post-transitional country can use for the effective market positioning, and the influence of gender, academic aspirations and achievements on the assessment of various students’ choice criteria.

Inštitucionálna ochrana ľudských práv Slovenskej republiky v komparácii s Českou republikou

The Czech and Slovak system regarding the establishment of human rights institutions is different, although the countries constituted a common state for more than 80 years. While the Slovak behaviour on creating institutions is very fruitful (Slovakia established more than 5 human rights institutions), the Czech Republic has remained with a single one since 1999. Different approaches regarding this issue represent a very interesting area for research and the article defines the main reasons on opposing institutional behaviour of two previously connected countries. In such regard, the article attempted to answer the main research question on why such trend of human rights institutionalism occurred in countries of former Czechoslovakia through the lens of historical institutionalism. The analysis of critical junctures defined the situations why powerful actors decided to establish new institutions with a path dependent process. One party governmental systems - in Czech republic (1998-2002) and Slovakia (1992-1994, 2012-2016) established the most of the human rights institutions, while the period of Mikuláš Dzurinda’s second government in Slovakia (1998-2002) is the only period of multi-party coalition, when a human rights institution was created. The reasons of establishing human rights institutions remain dubious and without further explanations, and therefore the former political will can arrange the human rights institutional arrangement with its own perspective and simple reasoning. The article used as main methodological tool the content analysis of relevant documents (explanatory memorandums) and original transcripts of speeches of the Czech and Slovak Members of the National Council.

No-Do en la construcción de imagen marca país en el primer franquismo (1943-1951)/ No-Do in the construction of country brand image in the first francoism (1943-1951)

La construcción de imagen de marca-país y las estrategias de identidad institucional y de diplomacia han sido fundamentos teóricos para la gestión de la comunicación centrada en los países. En el caso de la dictadura franquista, NO-DO fue un instrumento de propaganda de la dictadura, fiel a los principios del régimen que lo creó. Por otro lado, el folclore fue uno de los instrumentos principales de cohesión durante la posguerra. Su finalidad era la de mostrar las particularidades de cada región dentro de una España unificada. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar cómo la música folclórica se empleó para reforzar la identidad de España. Para ello se han analizado un total de 867 documentales que forman el corpus íntegro del periodo estudiado.Los resultados de esta investigación no solo confirman el peso específico de este género musical en el medio estudiado, sino que también se abordan otros elementos como los principales actores, material recurrente, variaciones en las tendencias, etc. De este modo se han obtenido datos que permiten establecer conexiones entre la programación del folclore en No-Do con hechos políticos. Palabras clave: No-Do, relaciones públicas, imagen de marca país, propaganda, música folclóricaAbstract The construction of a brand-country image and the strategies of institutional identity and diplomacy have been theoretical foundations for the management of country-centered communication. In the case of the Franco dictatorship, No-Do was a propaganda instrument of the dictatorship, faithful to the principles of the regime that created it. On the other hand, folklore was one of the main instruments of cohesion during the postwar period. Its purpose was to show the particularities of each region within a unified Spain. The objective of this work is to study how folk music is used to reinforce the identity of Spain.Folk music has been relegated to the background because it is considered an artistic form of low value. That is why the works related to the use of folklore as a propaganda element are limited, disseminated and regional in nature. In addition the few works that analyze folklore as propaganda in No-Do that link folklore and politics during the Franco dictatorship approach the issue from a general perspective, attending to the political context from the anthropological and historical point of view, obviating that it is a process of creation and dissemination of image in which institutions and the use they make of public relations play a determining role.In order to meet the objective set out in this paper and given the historical nature of the research, bibliographic and documentary research is used as the main methodological tool, in which a qualitative approach predominates. However, this research is not limited to qualitative analysis, since content analysis of the No-Do is performed, also obtaining quantitative data.With the objective of studying in depth the propaganda use of folk music in No-Do, the five aspects that, according to Pizarroso, are necessary for the analysis of a historical moment from the point of view of propaganda: sender, media or channels, content, propaganda techniques and the effects or repercussion.A total of 827 documentaries have been cataloged to carry out the study. Many of them are divided into two parts: A and B. These are the totality of the No-Do numbers, issued between 1943 and 1951. Then the content analysis has been carried out, for which an analytical template has been designed that It answers the different questions related to the investigation.The results of this research not only confirm the specific weight of this musical genre in the medium studied, but also address other elements such as the main actors, promoters, recurring material, variations in trends, etc. In this way, data have been obtained that allow establishing connections between the programming of folklore in No-Do with political events.Finally, the fundamental characteristics of the image disseminated in the Newscasts have been identified. With this, it has been possible to establish the propaganda profile of this cultural manifestation and the properties that represent it in which the conjunction of music, dance and folkloric clothing become a tangible element that allows the concept of homeland to materialize.Keywords: No-Do, public relations, country brand image, propaganda, folk music

The Structure of Economic Attitudes of the Youth — Representatives of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation: Results of a Pilot Study

The article presents the results of a pilot study of economic attitudes of young people — representatives of indigenous peoples of the Arctic zone (hereinafter — youth). The authors of the article used a multivariate questionnaire developed by O. S. Deineka and E. V. Zabelina as the main methodological tool to carry out the express diagnostics of economic attitudes. As a result, the article presents the structure of economic attitudes of youth. In addition, using a factor analysis, the authors found four fundamental factors that should be considered as types of economic consciousness, but only one of them is financially confident and literate. The other three types are experiencing difficulties with knowledge in the field of economics, which can lead to dissatisfaction and disappointment of young people in this field in the future. In conclusion, there are general conclusions and trends characterizing the tendency of young people from the indigenous peoples of the Arctic zone to passive, safe, and non-risky financial strategies

Derechos políticos de las mujeres: una incipiente acción afirmativa en Costa Rica

Este artículo analiza la discusión política y periodística que suscitó una moción presentada en la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica, en 1954, que pretendía que se dispusiera por Ley, un puesto de cinco posibles, para una mujer en la junta directiva de una institución autónoma. Aunque para entonces, la Constitución Política amparaba el derecho de las costarricenses de ocupar cargos públicos, en el plenario legislativo salieron a la luz argumentos estereotipados que impidieron que esa propuesta se concretara. Se recurrió al análisis crítico del discurso como principal herramienta metodológica. Los ejemplares de Diario de Costa Rica y La República constituyen la fuente primaria del presente estudio, con su elección se buscó obtener una perspectiva equilibrada de los eventos debido a que la polarización política de la época, se trasladó a la prensa. El corpus lo conforman noticias, crónicas y entrevistas efectuadas a diputadas y diputados. También se analizaron las actas de las sesiones de la Asamblea Legislativa. En el curso de la investigación se identificó la creencia de que la aprobación de la ciudadanía en la Constitución Política (1949) garantizaría el acceso de las mujeres, de manera inmediata y sin restricciones, a cargos de alta responsabilidad. Este argumento obstaculizó por décadas el acceso efectivo de mujeres a puestos de decisión política. El artículo denomina la moción presentada por el diputado Echandi Jiménez como “una incipiente acción afirmativa”, debido a que constituye un precedente de lo que se conocerían como acciones de discriminación positiva a finales del siglo XX.

The drawing of ultrasound scan, an indicator of the quality of maternal representations

Between 2012 and 2014, astudy was carried out of women pregnant for the first time to find out more about their experience of the ultrasound scan. The drawing of the image of the ultrasound scan was the main methodological tool used in the study. It enables the quality of the perception of the ultrasound scan to be linked to the quality of maternal representations. Based on the context of the ultrasound scan, elements of prenatal prevention around parenthood are addressed.

Creencias de profesores en formación sobre el uso de Pizarras interactivas de bajo costo

Esta investigación utiliza el instrumento cualitativo de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) para obtener las creencias hacia la implementación pedagógica de un dispositivo de interfaz humana similar a las pizarras digitales interactivas. El instrumento se aplicó a estudiantes de pedagogía que participaron de un curso sobre el uso técnico y pedagógico de pizarras digitales. El conjunto de respuestas se sometió a un análisis de contenido generando categorías de creencias en el ámbito de los factores personales, contextuales y de control, que estarían mediando en su implementación. Posteriormente, se utilizaron criterios cuantitativos para seleccionar aquellas creencias que formarán parte del instrumento metodológico principal de TPB. En total dieciséis creencias fueron seleccionadas según un criterio que contempla tanto la cobertura de sujetos como de cantidad de creencias y que finalmente conforman el conjunto modal. Estas creencias son utilizadas para diseñar una estructura de capacitación dirigida a docentes en formación