γ-Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effects of Constant Magnetic Field to the Proliferation Rate of Human Fibroblasts Grown onto Different Substrates: Tissue Culture Polystyrene, Polyacrylamide Hydrogel and Ferrogels γ-Fe2O3 Magnetic Nanoparticles.

The static magnetic field was shown to affect the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation of various types of cells, making it a helpful tool for regenerative medicine, though the mechanism of its impact on cells is not completely understood. In this work, we have designed and tested a magnetic system consisting of an equidistant set of the similar commercial permanent magnets (6 × 4 assay) in order to get insight on the potential of its experimental usage in the biological studies with cells culturing in a magnetic field. Human dermal fibroblasts, which are widely applied in regenerative medicine, were used for the comparative study of their proliferation rate on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and on the polyacrylamide ferrogels with 0.00, 0.63 and 1.19 wt % concentrations of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles obtained by the well-established technique of laser target evaporation. We used either the same batch as in previously performed but different biological experiments or the same fabrication conditions for fabrication of the nanoparticles. This adds special value to the understanding of the mechanisms of nanoparticles contributions to the processes occurring in the living systems in their presence. The magnetic field increased human dermal fibroblast cell proliferation rate on TCPS, but, at the same time, it suppressed the growth of fibroblasts on blank gel and on polyacrylamide ferrogels. However, the proliferation rate of cells on ferrogels positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. Such a dependence was observed both for cell proliferation without the application of the magnetic field and under the exposure to the constant magnetic field.

Flocculation and magnetically-assisted sedimentation of size-sorted beidellite platelets mixed with maghemite nanoparticles

In this study, the flocculation and the subsequent decantation step of mixed suspensions of 10 nm-sized γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles and 500 nm-sized beidellite clay platelets was investigated. This work may find application in the field of water treatment, specifically the flocculation processes with magnetically assisted sedimentation. After a short description of the preparation and characterization of the raw materials (nanoparticles and clays), the influence of several parameters (pH, concentrations of nanoparticles and clays etc.) on the amount of flocculated materials was examined, which gave information on the concentration ranges allowing a complete flocculation, together with a better understanding on the interactions between nanoparticles and clays responsible for flocculation. The optimal conditions for magnetically assisted settling were then determined by comparing for each sample sedimentation velocities under gravity and in the presence of a Nd-Fe-B magnet. Finally, the complex multiscale structure of the flocs in water was explored, through the measurement of several bulk properties (zeta-potential and volume measurements, laser granulometry), while the organization of the materials at a microscopic scale was investigated by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).

Deep and efficient removal of vanadium from molybdate solution using magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

It is urgently desired to develop a promising method for deep removal of vanadium from molybdate solution for the efficient recycle of spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst. In this paper, a novel method was investigated to deeply remove vanadium using γ-Fe2O3 particles as adsorbent. The properties of synthesized adsorbent were analyzed by a series of characterization methods. The adsorbent composed of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a diameter of 10–15 nm shows superparamagnetism and the saturation magnetization is about 56 emu·g−1. The performance of this adsorbent including the vanadium removal efficiency and adsorbent stability was evaluated. The vanadium removal rate is up to 97.6% and the co-adsorbed Mo is lower than 5% at a pH of 10 within only 30 min. Furthermore, both magnetism and adsorption capacity of the γ-Fe2O3 adsorbent are nearly unchanged after 30 days storage. The adsorption mechanism was revealed that polymeric vanadium ions exhibit higher affinity with γ-Fe2O3 than MoO42−, and the adsorption follows ion exchange mechanism between hydroxyls covered on the adsorbent. The γ-Fe2O3 adsorbent presents a series of advantages of excellent V-removal performance, good recyclability, excellent stability, which may have significant potential for industrial-scale applications.

A highly selective luminescent logic gates probe based on Cd-LMOF for pH detection

Abstract pH value is an important parameter to reflect water quality, reaction process and health condition. Thus, it is of great significance to develop a rapid and sensitive method for pH detection. Herein, a 3D porous framework {[Cd1.5(TPTA)(Me2NH)]·0.5 Methanol·0.5 H2O}n (LMOF 1) based on an amphoteric ligand of 2′-amino-[1,1′,4′,1″-terphenyl]-3,3″,5,5″- tetracarboxylic acid (H4TPTA) has been synthesized by solvothermal method. Fluorescence properties show that LMOF 1 can rapidly and sensitively recognize pH without being affected by other ions. In addition, to quickly recover LMOF 1, the magnetic composite γ-Fe2O3@LMOF 1 was successfully prepared by loading the magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles onto LMOF 1. The composite is easily separated from the suspension by the magnet. After washing, the recognition performance of γ-Fe2O3@LMOF 1 for pH is almost the same as the original sample after three cycles. Meanwhile, the PXRD patterns and the TG curve of γ-Fe2O3@LMOF 1 after luminescence experiments indicate that the composite has good chemical and acid-base stability. Based on the relationship between the luminescence change of LMOF 1 and pH ranging from 3 to 7, an IMPLICATION-type logic gate in luminescence mode is constructed with pH = 3 and pH = 7 as chemical input.

A new magnetized thermophilic bacteria to preconcentrate uranium and thorium from environmental samples through magnetic solid-phase extraction

A magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method was developed for simultaneous preconcentrations of U(VI) and Th(IV) before their measurements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The main idea of this biotechnological application depends on the use of bacteria, thermophilic Bacillus cereus SO-14, as a solid-phase biosorbent. It was immobilized to γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles and used for MSPE. Characterization of the biosorbent was performed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Also, the the best conditions of experimental parameters were examined, and the reliability of the method developed was verified by applying the certified reference materials. Limit of detections (LODs) of the U(VI) and Th(IV) was calculated as 0.008 and 0.013 ng mL−1 respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were found to be 1.6 and 2.4 %, respectively, for U(VI) and Th(IV). R2 was also calculated as 0.9991. Preconcentration factors were achieved as 100 for both elements. It should be highlighted that LODs were critically improved and the sensitivity of ICP-OES was enhanced.

Nanostructure Engineering and Performance Enhancement in Fe2O3-Dispersed Cu12Sb4S13 Thermoelectric Composites with Earth-Abundant Elements.

Nanostructuring and defect engineering are increasingly employed as processing strategies for thermoelectric performance enhancement, and special attention has been paid to nanostructured interfaces and dislocations that can effectively scatter low- and mid-frequency phonons. This work demonstrated that their combination was realized in Fe2O3-dispersed tetrahedrite (Cu12Sb4S13) nanocomposites, leading to significantly reduced thermal conductivities around 0.9 W m-1 K-1 at all temperatures and hence a high ZT value of ∼1.0, which increases by ∼33% compared with that of the matrix. The plausible enhancement mechanisms have been analyzed with an emphasis on the incorporation of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) into Cu11.5Ni0.5Sb4S13, leading to various nanostructures (NPs, nanoprecipitates, and nanotwins) and dislocations. A calculated efficiency of ∼9.3% and an average ZT of 0.63 also reveal the potential application of tetrahedrite at medium temperatures. Additionally, the mechanical properties are improved because of a second phase strengthening and nanotwin structures.

Fabrication of hydrolytically stable magnetic core-shell aminosilane nanocomposite for the adsorption of PFOS and PFOA

Aminosilane materials, with their low cost and ease of modification, have exhibited great potential for the adsorption of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from water. However, this kind of material may be facing two drawbacks during its application: low resistance to hydrolysis and difficulties in separation from the water matrix. This work proposed a strategy of grafting N-(2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AE-APTMS) on the surface of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by full utilization of the sorption sites provided by the aminosilane and the magnetism by γ-Fe2O3. The FTIR and XRD results verified the formation of the magnetic AE-APTMS nanocomposite. The core-shell nanocomposite showed a superparamagnetic property and an isoelectric point at pH = 8.2. Particularly, compared to the aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) nanocomposite, the AE-APTMS nanocomposite exhibited improved hydrolytic stability with 60% less loss of the amine groups during the 48 h adsorption process, as the longer alkyl chain hindered the aminosilane detachment. The AE-APTMS nanocomposite exhibited a rapid adsorption with the removal efficiency of 78% for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 65% for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) due to the electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction. The regeneration and reuse of the magnetic AE-APTMS nanocomposite were conveniently realized with the removal efficiency higher than 70% for both PFOS and PFOA even after 15 adsorption-desorption cycles. The stable magnetic aminosilane nanocomposite with the ease of separation may provide a new strategy to achieve the economical and effective removal of typical PFCs from water.

Platelet Membrane Biomimetic Magnetic Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery and in Situ Generation of Nitric Oxide in Early Ischemic Stroke.

Early diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke poses a significant challenge due to its suddenness and short therapeutic time window. Human endogenous cells derived biomimetic drug carriers have provided new options for stroke theranostics since these cells have higher biosafety and targeting abilities than artificial carriers. Inspired by natural platelets (PLTs) and their role in targeting adhesion to the damaged blood vessel during thrombus formation, we fabricated a biomimetic nanocarrier comprising a PLT membrane envelope loaded with l-arginine and γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (PAMNs) for thrombus-targeted delivery of l-arginine and in situ generation of nitric oxide (NO). Results demonstrate that the engineered 200 nm PAMNs inherit the natural properties of the PLT membrane and achieve rapid targeting to ischemic stroke lesions under the guidance of an external magnetic field. Subsequent to the release of l-arginine at the thrombus site, endothelial cells produce NO, which promotes vasodilation to disrupt the local PLT aggregation. Rapid targeting of PAMNs to stroke lesions as well as in situ generation of NO prompts vasodilation, recovery of blood flow, and reperfusion of the stroke microvascular. Thus, these PLT membrane derived nanocarriers are diagnostically beneficial for localizing stroke lesions and a promising modality for executing therapies.

Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-Modified Magnetic γ-F2 O3 Nanoparticles Conjugated with Doxorubicin for Glioblastoma Treatment.

With the aim to develop a new anticancer agent, we prepared poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-co-methyl 2-methacrylamidoacetate] [P(HP-MMAA)], which was reacted with hydrazine to poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-co-N-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethyl)methacrylamide] [P(HP-MAH)] to conjugate doxorubicin (Dox) via hydrazone bond. The resulting P(HP-MAH)-Dox conjugate was used as a coating of magnetic γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles obtained by the coprecipitation method. In vitro toxicity of various concentrations of Dox, P(HP-MAH)-Dox, and γ-Fe2 O3 @P(HP-MAH)-Dox nanoparticles was determined on somatic healthy cells (human bone marrow stromal cells hMSC), human glioblastoma line (GaMG), and primary human glioblastoma (GBM) cells isolated from GBM patients both at a short and prolonged exposition time (up to 7 days). Due to hydrolysis of the hydrazone bond in acid milieu of tumor cells and Dox release, the γ-Fe2 O3 @P(HP-MAH)-Dox nanoparticles significantly decreased the GaMG and GBM cell growth compared to free Dox and P(HP-MAH)-Dox in low concentration (10 nM), whereas in hMSCs it remained without effect. γ-F2 O3 @PHP nanoparticles alone did not affect the viability of any of the tested cells.

Psidium guajava leave-based magnetic nanocomposite γ-Fe2O3@GL: A green technology for methylene blue removal from water

This study reports the incorporation of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the carbon framework of highly abundant, house hold medicinal plant, Psidium guajava, commonly known as Guava through co-precipitation. The prepared nanocomposite, γ-Fe2O3@GL was characterized with several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, and showed the nano-porous structure having extensive oxygenous functional groups at the surface. The saturation magnetic moment of γ-Fe2O3@GL was found to be 0.72 emug−1. Nanocomposite was used for the adsorption of methylene blue from water for which batch experiments were carried out under the change of various process parameters, and exhibited the fast and 99% removal of methylene blue from its solution having 10 mg L−1 concentrations with 1.0 gL−1 amount of γ-Fe2O3@GL. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be in range 69.93 to 91.74 mgg−1, at 27–45 °C. The magnetically separable γ-Fe2O3@GL showed the high reusability and adsorption rate without significant loss after sixth adsorption-desorption cycles. Therefore, the prepared magnetic γ-Fe2O3@GL can be useful technique for water treatment having low cost and high adsorption capacity.

Nanostructured γ-Fe₂O₃@Starch-n-Butyl SO₃H as New Recyclable Magnetic Catalyst for Promoting Multi-Component Reactions.

Butane-1-soltunic acid modified starch-coated γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles [γ-Fe₂O₃@starch-n-butyl SO₃H] was easily prepared through a ring opening reaction of 1, 4-butane sultone with nano-magnetic γ-Fe2O3@starch. After structural studies, using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, TEM, EDX, VSM and also pH analysis the efficiency of this reagent in the preparation of tetrahydrobenzimidazo[2,1-b] quinazolin-1(2H)-ones and 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones was studied. Operational simpleness, high yields, short reaction times, wide applicability and simple recyclability of the catalyst employing an external magnet are the most important advantages of this methodology.

Magnetic Cu–Schiff base complex with an ionic tail as a recyclable bifunctional catalyst for base/Pd-free Sonogashira coupling reaction

A Cu(II)–Schiff base complex containing imidazolium ionic phase was prepared and decorated on γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3@Cu(II)IL-SB) and found to be an efficient catalyst for the Pd- and base-free Sonogashira coupling reaction. The heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD spectroscopy, EDX spectroscopy, VSM, ICP spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The coupling reactions were performed using the catalyst under mild and base-free conditions, and high-to-excellent yields were obtained for a variety of substrates. The catalyst demonstrates a dual-functionality arising from metal sites and imidazolium moieties and that the later plays a base role. Reusability and stability of γ-Fe2O3@Cu(II)IL-SB were studied several times, which can be reused up to eight consecutive runs with at least reduction in catalytic activity. Also, the mechanism of this bifunctional catalytic system was thoroughly investigated. A new and efficient method has been developed for the base- and Pd-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with phenyl acetylene using a bifunctional γ-Fe2O3@Cu(II)IL-SB catalyst with imidazolium moiety under mild conditions

Magnetically Separable and Recyclable γ-Fe2O3/HAp/Ag3PO4 Composite Microsheets: Fabrication, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance

In this work, magnetically separable and recyclable γ-Fe2O3/HAp/Ag3PO4 composite microsheets were prepared by hydrothermal and in-situ ion-exchange methods, in which photoactive Ag3PO4 nanoparticles and magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are distributed on the hydroxyapatite (HAp) microsheets. Characterization of the samples was performed by XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and VSM. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was checked by investigating the degradation process of four different organic dyes under visible-light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments reveal that all γ-Fe2O3/HAp/Ag3PO4 samples show certain photocatalytic activities for the degradation of OII, and the degradation rate is different when diverse γ-Fe2O3/HAp/Ag3PO4 samples are added into the OII solution. FHA-4 exhibits the highest degradation rate, and it could degrade different organic dyes, which means it has the potential to be applied into the treatment of complex wastewater containing different organic dyes. In addition, FHA-4 exhibits ferromagnetic feature, and can be easily separated from water by an external magnetic field.

Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanocarrier for Targeted Delivery of Cisplatin: A Perspective for Glioblastoma Treatment.

Selective vectorization of Cisplatin (CisPt) to Glioblastoma U87 cells was exploited by the fabrication of a hybrid nanocarrier composed of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and nanographene oxide (NGO). The magnetic component, obtained by annealing magnetite Fe3O4 and characterized by XRD measurements, was combined with NGO sheets prepared via a modified Hummer’s method. The morphological and thermogravimetric analysis proved the effective binding of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles onto NGO layers. The magnetization measured under magnetic fields up to 7 Tesla at room temperature revealed superparamagnetic-like behavior with a maximum value of MS = 15 emu/g and coercivity HC ≈ 0 Oe within experimental error. The nanohybrid was found to possess high affinity towards CisPt, and a rather slow fractional release profile of 80% after 250 h. Negligible toxicity was observed for empty nanoparticles, while the retainment of CisPt anticancer activity upon loading into the carrier was observed, together with the possibility to spatially control the drug delivery at a target site.

Triple-Interpenetrated Lanthanide-Organic Framework as Dual Wave Bands Self-Calibrated pH Luminescent Probe.

pH value is a key parameter in reflecting the health status, reaction process, and water quality. The construction of highly sensitive pH luminescent ratiometric is important but challenging. Herein we designed and synthesized a unique triple-interpenetrated luminescent lanthanide-organic framework {[Eu(PPTA)0.5(NO3)(DMF)2]·H2O} n(V104) based on an amphoteric ligand 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenebis(pyridine-4,2,6-triyl))tetrabenzoic acid (H4PPTA). Compound V104 possesses high solvent and acid/alkaline stabilities. Luminescent investigations reveal that V104 exhibits dual emission peaks at 390 and 480 nm, and these two peaks can separately detect OH- and H+ among various anions and cations. Importantly, V104 can serve as a self-calibrated pH ratiometric to quantitatively detect pH value, and the sensitivity can reach 403.2% per pH for OH-, and 129.5% per pH for H+. Furthermore, by encapsulating magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in V104, the pH sensor can be readily separated from the analyte by external magnet and recycled at least four times, suggesting as-synthesized γ-Fe2O3@V104 has potential for monitoring pH fluctuations in water. To our knowledge, this is the first self-calibrated ratiometric pH-sensor based on two responsive wave bands which can separately detect OH- and H+.

The Contribution of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Ferrogel Biophysical Properties.

Iron oxide γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated by laser target evaporation technique (LTE) and their structure and magnetic properties were studied. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels with different cross-linking density of the polymer network and polyacrylamide-based ferrogel with embedded LTE MNPs (0.34 wt.%) were synthesized. Their adhesive and proliferative potential with respect to human dermal fibroblasts were studied. At the same value of Young modulus, the adhesive and proliferative activities of the human dermal fibroblasts on the surface of ferrogel were unexpectedly much higher in comparison with the surface of PAAm gel. Properties of PAAm-100 + γ-Fe2O3 MNPs composites were discussed with focus on creation of a new generation of drug delivery systems combined in multifunctional devices, including magnetic field assisted delivery, positioning, and biosensing. Although exact applications are still under development, the obtained results show a high potential of LTE MNPs to be applied for cellular technologies and tissue engineering. PAAm-100 ferrogel with very low concentration of γ-Fe2O3 MNPs results in significant improvement of the cells’ compatibility to the gel-based scaffold.

Electrospun Fibrous Membranes with Dual-Scaled Porous Structure: Super Hydrophobicity, Super Lipophilicity, Excellent Water Adhesion, and Anti-Icing for Highly Efficient Oil Adsorption/Separation.

Developing highly efficient and multifunctional membranes toward oil adsorption and oil/water separation is of significance in oily wastewater treatment. Herein, a novel electrospun composite membrane with dual-scaled porous structure and nanoraised structure on each fiber was fabricated through electrospinning using biodegradable polylactide (PLA) and magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The PLA/γ-Fe2O3 composite membranes show high porosity (>90%), superhydrophobic and superlipophilic performances with CH2I2 contact angle of 0°, good water adhesion ability like water droplets on a petal surface, excellent anti-icing performance, and good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 1.31 MPa and a tensile modulus of 11.65 MPa. The superlipophilicity and dual-scaled porous structure endow the composite membranes with ultrahigh oil adsorption capacity up to 268.6 g/g toward motor oil. Furthermore, the composite membranes also show high oil permeation flux up to 2925 L/m2 h under the force of gravity. Even for oil/water emulsion, the composite membranes have high separation efficiency. We expect that the PLA/γ-Fe2O3 composite membranes can be used in oily wastewater treatment under various conditions through one-off adsorption or continuous oil/water separation, especially under low environmental temperature condition.

Formation of bifunctional conglomerates composed of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and various noble metal nanostructures

Bifunctional conglomerates made of magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles have many applications in the fields of catalysis, chemical analysis, biology, and medicine. Therefore, it is very important to find a way to synthesize such conglomerates that makes it possible to easily control the size and shape of the attached noble metal nanoparticles. In this contribution, we propose a method of synthesizing such conglomerates in which the noble metal nanoparticles are prepared before being bound to the magnetic nanostructures, and in which the initial size and shape of the noble metal nanoparticles does not change during the process of the formation of the conglomerates with magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The proposed synthesis is based on directly binding the metal and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by means of molecules of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). Functionalization with APTMS leads to the formation of nanostructures (methoxy groups of APTMS react with the surface of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles, forming strong FeOSi bonds) with a terminal amine group. The noble metal nanoparticles are then attached to the amine-terminated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. This binding process has been successfully tested for decahedral Ag, cubic Ag, hollow Au, and hollow Pt nanoparticles. As far as we know synthesized composites are the first examples of magnetic composites containing such anisotropic metallic nanostructures. The magnetic-plasmonic conglomerates obtained have been used as materials for easily producing very homogeneous substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. Conglomerates with Pt nanoparticles have been tested as catalysts for reducing 2-nitrophenol. We found that, after a relatively quick decomposition of the weakly bonded γ-Fe2O3-Pt nanostructures in the reaction mixture, the stability of the remaining conglomerates was large enough for them to be recycled in a magnetic field after the reaction and reused. This process may be repeated effectively many times.

Gamma-ferric oxide nanoparticles decoration onto porous layered double oxide belts for efficient removal of uranyl

Layered double oxides (LDO) and γ-Fe2O3 have been demonstrated to be promising adsorbents to remove radioactive elements from aqueous media. Herein, magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles decoration onto porous layered double oxides belts (γ-Fe2O3/LDO) were fabricated by in situ solid-state thermolysis technique combined with Fe(III)-loaded layered double hydroxides as a precursor. The microstructure, chemical composition, and magnetic properties of γ-Fe2O3/LDO were characterized in detail. The as-obtained γ-Fe2O3/LDO was employed as an adsorbent for the elimination of U(VI) from water. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir model with the maximal adsorption capacity of U(VI) onto γ-Fe2O3/LDO being 526.32 mg·g−1 at 303 K and pH 5, which surpassed pristine LDO and many other materials. The Fourier transformed infrared spectra and the X-ray photoelectron spectra analysis suggested that the interaction mechanism was mainly controlled by the surface complexation and electrostatic interactions. All in all, the γ-Fe2O3/LDO with remarkable adsorption capacity, excellent regeneration, and easy magnetic separation opens a new expectation as a suitable material for the cleanup of U(VI) from contaminated water.

(Edward Goodrich Acheson Award) How to Achieve Industrial Innovation from Basic Research

With the primary motivation of contributing to humanity, we have been promoting academic activities and commercialization towards the creation of electrochemical devices since the 1980s. Our research has been proposed as Electrochemical Device Engineering. The goal of this work is to develop systematic methodologies for the creation of advanced materials and devices based on the design of the interface, which is derived from our study on the practical application of electrochemical nanotechnology. Electrochemical nanotechnology has been utilized in the field of information storage devices, chip interconnects, microelectronics packaging, energy devices, and sensor fabrication. It has yielded a variety of materials at the nanometer scale. These nanoscale materials have realized the miniaturization of electric devices, and their attractive characteristics, which are remarkably different from those of bulk materials, still fascinate researchers. We have established our original research philosophy of “new design for the interface between the solution and electrode at the atomic scale,” which led to the first trial in the development of a high-performance magnetic recording head material for electroless CoFe deposition. Today, this philosophy is an essential common idea that is applicable not only to electrochemical wet technologies. Recently, biotechnology has helped us get closer to a biological entity and has played an essential role in healthcare fields such as biomedicine and bioanalysis. We are currently attempting to realize the magnetic sensing of biomaterials and to develop a drug delivery system utilizing magnetic nanoparticles as markers or carriers. For this purpose, iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles were prepared with various diameters ranging from 4 nm to several tens of micrometers; γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles have a considerably high crystallinity and narrow size distribution. Furthermore, we are attempting to control surface conditions for the immobilization of biomaterials by introducing organic molecules with amino groups on the surface of the nanoparticles for applications in the field of medicine. As a research strategy across Darwinian Sea to deliver these devices to the industry, we introduced an approach related to battery evaluation as an example. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been utilized to characterize each elemental process of electrochemical devices because it enables us to analyze the dynamics of each elemental process sensitively and separately without destruction of the cell. The equivalent circuit to express each elemental process in a commercial lithium-ion battery (LIB) by EIS has been carefully investigated. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit has been designed for the analysis of LIBs with the contributions from a variety of diffusion parameters resulting from the various particle sizes of the cathode and the solid-electrolyte interphase formed on anode particles, as well as electrochemical reactions and inductive components. However, it is not easy to measure the impedance of large-scale LIBs with conventional EIS using frequency response analyzer (FRA) – potentiostat systems because of its low internal resistance. Moreover, an FRA – potentiostat system for conventional EIS measurement cannot be mounted on a vehicle. Thus, an impedance measurement technique that does not use FRA – potentiostat systems is needed. In our study, the application of a square-wave potential as input signals of EIS was investigated in a simple electrochemical reaction to verify a new technique called “square-potential/current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SP-EIS, SC-EIS),” which is an EIS method that does not use FRA systems. We applied SC-EIS to evaluate the state of a commercial stationary storage battery system that uses LIB technology. With the new method, we were able to conduct EIS measurements for a large-scale LIB system. Moreover, under operando conditions, data were acquired smoothly. In order to continue such integrated research, it is necessary to procure management resources such as funds and human resources properly, and we would like to discuss the activities of a wide range of fields related to our research. Figure 1