Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles Research Articles

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities of Sodium Borohydride-Calcined Magnetic Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles.

The synthesis, enhancement, and maintenance of magnetite-based catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) are important for photocatalytic activity and recovery rates. We used a sodium borohydride (NaBH4) calcination method to modify MnFe2O4 nanoparticles to optimize their performance in the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The results indicated a 94% increase in photocatalytic efficiency, while magnetic assessments performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer showed an 8.9% improvement in magnetic properties without degradation. These findings show the dual benefits of increased photocatalytic performance with strong magnetic properties, which are important for the application and reusability of photocatalysts. The recycling of these photocatalysts reduces secondary pollution and increases the process cost-effectiveness. These results contribute to the solution of problems with the use of photocatalytic materials.

Magnetic polyurethane based composites as contactless valves in microfluidic applications

Magnetoactive polymer composites have garnered significant attention for their potential use in diverse applications, owing to their rapid and reversible response to external magnetic fields. By incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into an elastomeric matrix, these composites exhibit unique properties under static or alternating magnetic fields. In this context, thermo-polyurethane-based magnetic active composites are promising materials for developing microfluidic system components such as valves and peristaltic pumps. In the current study, we investigated the utilization of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles in conjunction with a non-toxic synthesis method for polyurethane. It was explored the impact, on the overall success of the process, of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles incorporation at various stages of the thermo-polyurethane (TPU) synthesis reaction. Finally, the effects of different amounts of MNPs on the physicochemical properties of the resulting composites and their behavior as actuators under the influence of a magnetic field, was investigated. Our studies reveal that the actuator response of the composites increases proportionally with the percentage of MNPs present.Finally, the performance of a TPU/7.5% (V/V) CoFe2O4 composite strip as a flow control actuator within a microfluidic system was evaluated. This actuator responds to magnetic fields by bending, resulting in a 10% reduction in flow rate of microfluidic system. Reversing the magnetic field restores the flow rate to its initial value. Our cyclic tests illustrate the actuator's capacity to locally and temporarily modulate the microfluidic system's resistance. When combined with tailored TPU elasticity, these materials show significant potential for the fabrication of microfluidic valves and pumps.

Synthesis, modifications, and applications of iron-based nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are appealing materials as assistant to resolve environmental pollution issues and as recyclable catalysts for the oxidative degradation of resistant contaminants. Moreover, they can significantly influence the advancement of medical applications for imaging, diagnostics, medication administration, and biosensing. On the other hand, due to unique features, excellent biocompatibility, high curie temperatures and low cytotoxicity of the Iron-based nanoparticles, they have received increasing attention in recent years. Using an external magnetic field, in which the ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) in the reaction mixtures can be easily removed, make them more efficient approach than the conventional method for separating the catalyst particles by centrifugation or filtration. Ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) provide various advantages in food processing, environmental issues, pharmaceutical industry, sample preparation, wastewater management, water purification, illness therapy, identification of disease, tissue engineering, and biosensor creation for healthcare monitoring. Modification of FMNPs with the proper functional groups and surface modification techniques play a significant role in boosting their capability. Due to flexibility of FMNPs in functionalization and synthesis, it is possible to make customized FMNPs that can be utilized in variety of applications. This review focuses on synthesis, modifications, and applications of Iron-based nanoparticles.

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions on Alginate-Based Magnetic Nanocomposite Adsorbent Beads.

Graphene oxide and its magnetic nanoparticle-based composites are a well-known tool to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Unfortunately, one of the major issues in handling such small particles consists of their difficult removal from treated wastewater (even when their magnetic properties are exploited), due to their very small diameter. One possible way to overcome this problem is to embed them in a macroscopic biopolymer matrix, such as alginate or chitosan beads. In this way, the adsorbent becomes easier to handle and can be used to build, for example, a packed column, as in a traditional industrial adsorber. In this work, the removal performances of two different embedded magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents (MNAs) are discussed. The first type of MNA is based on ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) generated by coprecipitation using iron(II/III) salts and ammonium hydroxide, while the second is based on a 2D material composed of MNP-decorated graphene oxide. Both MNAs were embedded in cross-linked alginate beads and used to treat artificial water contaminated with chromium(III), nickel(II), and copper(II) in different concentrations. The yield of removal and differences between MNAs and non-embedded magnetic nanomaterials are also discussed. From the results, it was found that the time to reach the adsorption equilibrium is higher when compared to that of the nanomaterials only, due to the lower surface/volume ratio of the beads, but the adsorption capacity is higher, due to the additional interaction with alginate.

Green synthesis of manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticle and its modification with metallic-organic frameworks for the tetracycline adsorption from aqueous solutions: A mathematical study of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

In the current investigation, MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 nanocomposite was generated as a magnetic nanoadsorber using the extract of Dracocephalum plant and characterized by XRD, FTIR, VSM, BET, FESEM, EDS-mapping, TEM, XPS, TPD-NH3, and TGA analyses. Also, to determine its efficiency in the adsorption process of tetracycline, the effect of pH (3–9), nanocomposite dose (0.025–2 g/L), initial pollutant concentration (5–100 mg/L), contact time (5–200 min), and temperature (5–50 °C) were studied. The results of the morphological properties of the magnetic nanocomposite confirmed the spherical shape of this nanoadsorber with an average size of 54 ± 31 nm. BET analysis showed that modification of MnFe2O4 material with ZIF-8 as a new nanoadsorber leads to excellent modification of SBET (143.8 m2/g) and VTotal (0.44 cm3/g). The highest removal efficiency of tetracycline in optimal conditions (pH = 7, contact time = 120 min, nanocomposite dose = 1.5 g/L, and temperature = 20 °C for a tetracycline concentration of 20 mg/L) was 90.11%. As the temperature increased, the removal efficiency increased from 40.46% to 95.06% during 120 min, which indicates that the adsorption reaction is endothermic. In addition, the data obtained from the isotherms of Langmuir (R2 = 0.958), Freundlich (R2 = 0.534), and Temkin (R2 = 0.747) showed that the tetracycline adsorption is monolayer and on the homogeneous surface of the synthesized magnetic nanoadsorber. The elimination process of tetracycline by nanoadsorber followed the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.998). Investigating the effect of interfering ions also confirmed the decrease in the adsorption efficiency. Also, the investigation of the reusability of the synthesized magnetic nanoadsorber in tetracycline adsorption indicates that after eight cycles, the efficiency decreases by %16.51. According to the results, the magnetic nanocomposite synthesized in this work can be a suitable and economical adsorber for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous environments.

Removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions using magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles

This study investigated the removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin antibiotics from an aqueous solution in a batch system using magnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles as adsorbents. Next, the effects of important parameters such as concentration, adsorbent dosage, ultrasonication time, and pH were examined on the efficiency of the tetracycline and ciprofloxacin removal process. The optimum conditions of the parameters were determined through the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on the design of the experiment (DOE). The second-order regression coefficients were estimated following the statistical analysis of the results by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal points were determined accurately by combining the results and drawing a second-order multivariate equation. The optimum conditions were obtained at a concentration of 30 mg L−1, a dosage of 0.021 g, a pH of 7, and an ultrasonication time of 11 min. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal efficiency was 96.89% and 99.03% for tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The performance of CuFe2O4 adsorbent in five consecutive experiments did not show much decline, indicating the reusability and stability of the adsorbent. The study results showed that CuFe2O4 adsorbent could remove tetracycline and ciprofloxacin from real water samples by more than 98%.

Preconcentration and Removal of Lead From Water Samples Using Magnetic Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles

The presence of lead and its compounds is extremely dangerous to various forms of life. Therefore, exploring effective treatments that can reduce the presence of lead ions around us becomes crucial, thereby averting lead toxicity. A magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) procedure for the removal and preconcentration of trace amounts of Pb(II) using copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4 NPs) prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) has been proposed. CuFe2O4 as solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized via co-precipitation and characterized by attenuated total reflection–infrared spectroscopy (ATR–IR), x-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These magnetic CuFe2O4 carrying the Pb(II) could be easily separated from the aqueous solution by applying an external magnetic field; no filtration or centrifugation was necessary. Various analytical parameters, including pH, eluent type/concentration, adsorbent mass, sample volume, adsorption/desorption time, mixing, and interfering ions, were systematically studied and optimized for the recovery of Pb(II). A sample volume of 20 mL achieved a preconcentration factor of 20. The method effectively determined Pb(II) in water samples, with recovery values exceeding 95% using the optimal conditions.

RGD targeted magnetic ferrite nanoparticles enhance antitumor immunotherapeutic efficacy by activating STING signaling pathway

Manganese has been used in tumor imaging for their ability to provide T1-weighted MRI signal. Recent research find Mn2+ can induce activation of the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway to create an active and favorable tumor immune microenvironment. However, the direct injection of Mn2+ often results in toxicity. In this study, we developed an RGD targeted magnetic ferrite nanoparticle (RGD-MnFe2O4) to facilitate tumor targeted imaging and improve tumor immunotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence molecular imaging were performed to monitor its invivo biodistribution. We found that RGD-MnFe2O4 showed active tumor targeting and longer accumulation at tumor sites. Moreover, RGD-MnFe2O4 can activate STING pathway with low toxicity to enhance the PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, combining RGD-MnFe2O4 and anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) can treat several types of immunogenic tumors through promoting the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic Tcells. In general, our study provides a promising new strategy for the targeted and multifunctional theranostic nanoparticle for the improvement of tumor immunotherapy.

A Smart Responsive Nanotheranostic System for MRI of Tumor Response to Immunotherapy and Enhanced Synergism of Thermo‐Immunotherapy

AbstractThe challenges associated with the assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and low immunotherapy response observed in patients with poorly immunogenic tumors are addressed. A smart‐responsive nanoprobe MZF@Gd is synthetized based on magnetic resonance tuning (MRET). The nanoprobe is designed to be targeted and cleaved by granzyme B, a marker of cytotoxic T‐cell activation. MZF@Gd consisted of superparamagnetic Mn‐ and Zn‐doped ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF‐MNPs) with a magnetocaloric effect and a paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine penta‐acetic acid (Gd‐DTPA). These components are connected by the granzyme B substrate peptides. The activation of the T1WI signal through MRET, following the cleavage of the probe by granzyme B, enabled the accurate evaluation of the ICI therapeutic effect. Subsequently, an active‐targeting magnetothermally responsive nanotheranostic agent FA‐P(MZF@Gd/JQ1) is fabricated. This agent incorporated the MRET probe MZF@Gd, JQ‐1 (an inhibitor of PD‐L1), the thermosensitive copolymer PCL‐b‐P(MEO2MA‐co‐OEGMA), and folic acid on the surface. Nanotheranostic agents killed tumor cells through magnetocaloric effects, stimulated antitumor immunity, and regulated the drug release, thereby achieving a synergistic effect between hyperthermia and immunotherapy. Moreover, MZF@Gd released from the agent sensitively detected the presence of granzyme B at the tumor site, thereby enabling an effective assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

Investigation of gadolinium doped manganese nano spinel ferrites via magnetic hypothermia therapy effect towards MCF-7 breast cancer

Magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles (MSF-NPs) are potential candidates for biomedical applications, especially in cancer diagnosis and therapy due to their excellent physiochemical and magnetic properties. In the current study, MSF-NPs were fabricated by sol-gel auto combustion method. The crystal structure and surface morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties were studied by VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). As increasing Gd3+ concentration, the saturation magnetization values decreased from (17.8-2.3) emu/g, while the coercivity decreased from (499-133) Oe at room temperature. Finally, the fabricated MSF-NPs were tested against anticancer activity by MTT assay. The IC50 = 21.27 μg/mL value was observed, showing the strong antiproliferative activity of these nanoparticles. These results suggested that the obtained MSF-NPs would be useful for remote-controlled hyperthermia therapy for cancer treatment and MRI application due to their excellent magnetic properties. These distinct properties make MSF-NPs most suitable for cancer treatment and bright Contrast Agents (T1-MRI).

Antifungal Activity Enhancement of Cell-Free Streptomyces griseus Extract Obtained by Fermentation with Magnetic Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles.

The present study aims to obtain manganese ferrite nanoparticles functionalized with chitosan (C-MNP) or ethylenediamine (E-MNP) by coprecipitation and polyol one-step methods, characterize their interaction with S. griseus demonstrating cell immobilization, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the free cell extracts obtained from immobilized S. griseus fermentation in the presence of different concentrations of MNP. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed mathematically using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) for the S. griseus cell adsorption isotherm with C-MNP was observed with a linear function of the Langmuir model. The adsorption isotherm of S. griseus cells with E-MNP was better fitted to the Freundlich model. Cell immobilization by adsorption on magnetic nanoparticles was demonstrated in both cases. Different concentrations of C-MNP and E-MNP were used in fermentations to prepare cell-free extracts with antifungal activity. The best results were obtained with E-MNP, with a 91.5% inhibition of radial fungal growth. Magnetic nanoparticles offer potential applications in different fields and easy biomass separation.

Fabrication and characterization of inorganic-organic hybrid copper ferrite anchored on chitosan Schiff base as a reusable green catalyst for the synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]indolone derivatives.

This study presents a description of the catalytic synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]indolone derivatives. In this method, initially, a Schiff base compound was synthesized from the reaction of acetylacetone with 2-hydroxyaniline. Then, the prepared Schiff base was immobilized on chelated magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles with a chitosan surface to design and prepare the CuFe2O4@CS-SB nanocomposite. Further, the one-pot multi-component cyclization reaction of aniline, dimedone and ninhydrin was conducted using the synthesized nanocomposite as a heterogeneous acid catalyst in water solvent under thermal conditions. In this reaction, the products were obtained in excellent yields and short reaction times, and the catalyst could be recycled and reused six times without any loss in product yields. By conducting FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, elemental mapping scanning, EDX and BET analyses, the structure of the nanocatalyst was characterized. In addition, for the identification of organic compounds, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies and melting point analysis were used, which confirmed the synthesis of this class of derivatives.

Hydrothermal as a synthesis method for characterization of structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Co–Al ferrite nanoparticles

This work provides a set of structural, morphological, and magnetic results for the CoFe2-xAlxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 at %) ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by the hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) microscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the structural and morphological features of the prepared magnetic nanoparticles. Rietveld refinement carried out by the Material Analyses Using Diffraction (MAUD) software confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure with no trace of impurity phase. FESEM micrographs showed the appearance of the ferrite nanoparticles with a size distribution in agreement with the data reported by XRD. HRTEM analysis showed the formation of cubic-shaped nanoparticles with dimensions near to the data extracted from XRD. The formation of spinel structure was approved by the FTIR spectra. The magnetic measurements through VSM analysis showed that the incorporation of Al3+ cations into the cobalt ferrite lattices decreases the values of saturation magnetization from about 69 emu/g to near 26 emu/g, which was attributed to the none-magnetic nature of Al3+ cations. The values of the coercive field, on the other hand, indicate a fluctuating trend as a function of Al3+ doping. The coercivity behavior was mainly affected by cation distribution, the variation of anisotropy constant, and the size of crystallites. All the obtained data showed that the magnetic ferrite nanoparticles could be synthesized successfully through the hydrothermal method as a technique that has not been used previously to prepare Co–Al ferrite nanoparticles.

Enhanced Redox Cycle of Rod-Shaped MIL-88A/SnFe2O4@MXene Sheets for Fenton-like Degradation of Congo Red: Optimization and Mechanism.

This study intended to fabricate a novel Fenton-like catalyst by supporting the rod-like MIL-88A and the magnetic tin ferrite nanoparticles (SnFe2O4) on the MXene sheets (MIL-88A/SnFe2O4@MXene). The well fabrication and determination of the MIL-88A/SnFe2O4@MXene properties were investigated using SEM, XPS, VSM, Zeta potential, XRD, and FTIR tools. The Fenton-like degradation reaction of CR by MIL-88A/SnFe2O4@MXene was thoroughly studied to identify the optimal proportions of the catalyst components, the impact of CR and H2O2 concentrations, as well as the effect of raising the temperature and the pH medium of the catalytic system and the catalyst dosage. Kinetics studies were executed to analyze the decomposition of CR and H2O2 using First-order and Second-order models. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism was proposed based on the scavenging test that proceeded in the presence of chloroform and t-butanol, in addition to the XPS analysis that clarified the participation of the containing metal species: Fe, Sn, and Ti, and the formation of a continual redox cycle. The obtained intermediates during the CR degradation were defined by GC-MS. A recyclability test was performed on MIL-88A/SnFe2O4@MXene during five runs of the Fenton-like degradation of CR molecules. Finally, the novel MIL-88A/SnFe2O4@MXene Fenton-like catalyst could be recommended as a propitious heterogeneous catalyst with a continuous redox cycle and a recyclability merit.

Direct purification and immobilization of his-tagged enzymes using unmodified nickel ferrite NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Purification of valuable engineered proteins and enzymes can be laborious, costly, and generating large amount of chemical waste. Whilst enzyme immobilization can enhance recycling and reuse of enzymes, conventional methods for immobilizing engineered enzymes from purified samples are also inefficient with multiple-step protocols, regarding both the carrier preparation and enzyme binding. Nickel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 MNPs) offer distinct advantages in both purification and immobilization of enzymes. In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of NiFe2O4 MNPs via a one-step solvothermal synthesis and their use in direct enzyme binding from cell lysates. These NiFe2O4 MNPs have showed an average diameter of 8.9 ± 1.7 nm from TEM analysis and a magnetization at saturation (Ms) value of 53.0 emu g–1 from SQUID measurement. The nickel binding sites of the MNP surface allow direct binding of three his-tagged enzymes, d-phenylglycine aminotransferase (d-PhgAT), Halomonas elongata ω-transaminase (HeωT), and glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsGDH). It was found that the enzymatic activities of all immobilized samples directly prepared from cell lysates were comparable to those prepared from the conventional immobilization method using purified enzymes. Remarkably, d-PhgAT supported on NiFe2O4 MNPs also showed similar activity to the purified free enzyme. By comparing on both carrier preparation and enzyme immobilization protocols, use of NiFe2O4 MNPs for direct enzyme immobilization from cell lysate can significantly reduce the number of steps, time, and use of chemicals. Therefore, NiFe2O4 MNPs can offer considerable advantages for use in both enzyme immobilization and protein purification in pharmaceutical and other chemical industries.

Electromagnetic interference shielding performance of lanthanum ferrite with MWCNT and graphene in the polyethylene polymer matrix in X-band frequency

In the present study, a combination of Lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3) magnetic nanoparticles with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) was prepared and used as conducting filler. As prepared Nanofillers were incorporated with the Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with the melt blending process. The polymer composite was used to study the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding behaviour from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. The electromagnetic (EM) wave shielding was ascribed to the dielectric and magnetic loss phenomena by incorporating graphene, MWCNT, and LaFeO3. The maximum shielding effectiveness of 33.57 dB was obtained with the critical concentration of 50:5:40:5 wt% sample.

A simple microwave-assisted synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and its application for the determination of lead ions in rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea.

In this study, a magnetic sorbent assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method was used to preconcentrate lead ions from rooibos tea samples for determination by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS). Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 MNPs) were synthesized by microwave assisted digestion. Limits of detection and quantification were calculated as 5.3 and 17.6µg/L, respectively, in a linear dynamic range of 20-800µg/L. The enhancement factor of the developed method was found to be 80-folds when compared to the detection limit of the regular FAAS system. The percent recoveries obtained for rooibos tea samples spiked at different concentrations were in the range of 77 - 125%, with high repeatability as indicated by low standard deviations. The findings of the study demonstrated that the CoFe2O4 MNPs-based extraction method is a straightforward, fast, affordable, safe, and eco-friendly approach to qualifying/quantifying lead with high precision in the selected beverage sample.

A novel quercetin-loaded NiFe2O4@Liposomes hybrid biocompatible as a potential chemotherapy/hyperthermia agent and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells

With nanotechnology development, breast cancer has attracted tremendous research interest in treatment development as one of the significant threats to public health. Magnetoliposomes (MLs) offer multiple applications for use in cancer therapy, such as drug delivery (DD) mediated by alternating magnetic fields (AMF). The present study aims to synthesize nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) encapsulated within nano-liposomes (NiFe2O4@Liposome) to form MLs. Herein, Quercetin (QC)-loaded MLs (QC-MLs) nanocomposites were applied as hyperthermia (HT), DD system, and chemo-hyperthermia in the presence of AMF. It is the first time to fabricate QC-loading NiFe2O4@Liposome for biomedical applications. The drug loading (DL) and entrapment efficiency (EE) of free QC, MLs, and QC-MLs were evaluated, QC was efficiently encapsulated into MLs, and the EE and DL were up to 83.5 ± 1.4 % and 7.3 ± 0.1 %, respectively. Furthermore, we applied MHT on QC-MLs and MLs with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 200 and 205 W/g, respectively, at the same concentration (6 mg/mL). The in-vitro QC release from MLs functionalized magnetite QC-loaded MLs was studied at 62.3 % at pH 5.1 and 44 % at pH 7.4, proving the encapsulated QC pH after 24 h. The MCF-7 cell line was used as an in-vitro model. Cytotoxic studies of novel synthesized QC-MLs, free QC, and MLs were evaluated by MTT assay on the MCF-7 cancer cell.

Development of a new method for the preparation of mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) with applied parameters for magnetic hyperthermia

This study introduces a novel method for preparing mesoporous magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) for magnetic hyperthermia and other applications. The synthesis of nanoparticles was carried out using the solvo thermal method assisted by Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide. TEM results revealed a spherical and mesoporous shape, and according to the histogram, the average particle size distribution is uniform, with a diameter of 132 ± 21 nm. This study provides a new platform for the application of magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia therapy. The methodology is relevant because it allows the formation of mesoporous structures.

Sonochemical synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by reusable reactive magnetic cobalt copper ferrite nanoparticles as a synergistic effect

In this research, the preparation of nanostructured CoCuFe2O4 catalyst through a brief and useful synthetic strategy has been developed. This catalyst was used for synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrsubstituted imidazole derivatives under ultrasonic irradiation. The benefits of this approach included; highly efficiency, short reaction times, simplicity the reaction medium, speeds up, and making easier to separate and the purify products. Different analyses were performed on CoCuFe2O4 to determine its structure such as; FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, VSM, and EDX techniques. It was characterized the pure products using both physically and spectroscopic methods for example, melting point, infrared, and 1H NMR. Moreover, after recycling and reusing the nanocatalyst for six times, its catalytic activity was slightly decreased.