Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles Research Articles

Fabrication of Co/Zn Doped Manganese Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles: Improving Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotic Through Modification of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Fabrication of Co/Zn Doped Manganese Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles: Improving Electrochemical Detection of Antibiotic Through Modification of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Adsorption of Congo red on magnetic cobalt-manganese ferrite nanoparticles: Adsorption kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

Magnetic Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared via the combustion and calcination process, with an average particle diameter of 31.5 nm and a saturation magnetization of 25.25 emu·g-1, they were employed to adsorbe Congo red (CR) from wastewater, the Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm were consistent with the adsorption data, indicating that their adsorption was a multilayer chemisorption process, the thermodynamic investigation showed that the adsorption was a favored exothermic process. The ionic strength of Cl- in CR solution had no obvious effect on the adsorption efficiency of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, and the maximum adsorbance was 58.3 mg·g-1 at pH 2, decreasing as the pH of the CR solutions increased from 2 to 12. The ion leaching experiment and XRD demonstrated that Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles had excellent stability, and the relative removal rate was 93.85% of the first time after 7 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that CR was adsorbed onto Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, and the electrical conductivity of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles decreased after adsorption of CR. Magnetic Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles displayed a promising application in wastewater treatment.

Starch-modified nickel ferrite nanoparticles as a magnetic nano-bio adsorbent for the extraction and determination of lead in water and Moringa oleifera samples

In this work, nickel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The surface modification of the prepared nanoparticles was carried out using cross-linked starch as a good stabilizer and biopolymer. The as-prepared nickel ferrite-starch nano-bio composite was characterized using numerous techniques, and introduced as a novel adsorbent. The initial experimental results indicated that the adsorbent has a good capability to extract lead ions (Pb(II)) from aqueous solutions. Hence, the adsorbent was applied for dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction of Pb(II) before flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection. Some variables affecting the extraction efficiency such as sample volume (250.0mL), pH (6.5), type and eluent concentration (0.3molL1 nitric acid), amount of the adsorbent (200mg), extraction time (15min), and desorption time (15min) were investigated and optimized. Moreover, the adsorption capacity (35.50mgg1), stability and reusability (80 extraction/desorption cycles), and selectivity of the adsorbent towards the analyte were studied. In the optimized conditions, the linear dynamic range of the constructed calibration graph is between 0.5 and 140.0ngmL1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the method are 0.12 and 0.40ngmL1, respectively. The average intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (for n=6 and 5.0, 50.0 and 100.0ngmL1 Pb(II) concentration) are 2.02% and 3.72%, respectively. To validate the method, the certified reference material NIST SRM 1643e was analyzed, and the method was used for the pre-concentration and determination of lead ions in different sections of Moringa oleifera medicinal plant and several water samples. The acceptable relative recovery values between 98.0 and 102.7% were attained for the spiked samples, approving the ignorable matrix effect of the method.

Magnetic BiFeO3 nanoparticles: a robust and efficient nanocatalyst for the green one-pot three-component synthesis of highly substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives.

In this research, magnetic bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BFO MNPs) were prepared through a convenient method and characterized. The structure and morphological characteristics of the prepared nanomaterial were confirmed through analyses using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The obtained magnetic BFO nanomaterial was investigated, as a heterogeneous Lewis acid, in three component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs/DHPMTs). It was found that the BFO MNPs exhibit remarkable efficacy in the synthesis of various DHPMs as well as their thione analogues. It is noteworthy that this research features low catalyst loading, good to excellent yields, environmentally friendly conditions, short reaction time, simple and straightforward work-up, and the reusability of the catalyst, distinguishing it from other recently reported protocols. Additionally, the structure of the DHPMs/DHPMTs was confirmed through 1H NMR, FTIR, and melting point analyses. This environmentally-benign methodology demonstrates the potential of the catalyst for more sustainable and efficient practices in green chemistry.

Synthesis and Characterization of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles and CoFe2O4@BaTiO3 Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CFO) of around 9 nm were synthesized with the solvothermal method. The CFO particles were covered with a barium titanate (BTO) shell at a 1:1 CFO:BTO ratio, via a sol-gel synthesis, to form CFO@BTO nanocomposites. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) studies reveal the presence of only the expected CFO and BTO phases. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM) images show the thorough covering with the BTO shell. Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping was used to analyze the elemental composition of the nanocomposites. Magnetic characterization shows high saturation magnetization and low coercive field at 300 K, suitable for biomedical applications.

"Evaluation of spinel ferrites magnetic nanoparticles based hyperthermia: in-vitro study"

This study is an attempt to compare the hyperthermia and antimicrobial activity of three members of the family of spinel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (XFe2O4, where X = Mg, Cu, and CO) MNPs. Spinell ferrite of MgFe2O4, CuFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 were prepared via sol–gel method. Structural and morphological shapes were investigated by different techniques X-ray diffraction X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and (Transmission electron microscope) TEM. Magnetic properties were examined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The in vitro test was conducted on cervical Hela cells using an MTT assay. Finally, the antimicrobial activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtlus, and Escherichia coli using a clearing inhibition zone. XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of MgFe2O4, CuFe2O4, and CoFe2O4. VSM results showed a high maximum saturation (Ms = 44.87 emu/g) of CuFe2O4 which is greater than that of CoFe2O4 and MgFe2O4 (18.221 and 18.669) emu/g, respectively. MTT assay revealed that high cell death was detected on Hela cells of CuFe2O4 compared to that of MgFe2O4 and CoFe2O4. The anti-microbial study showed that the prepared spinel magnetic nanoparticles possessed antimicrobial activity due to the release of Mg, Cu, Co, and Fe ions. Results showed that the CuFe2O4 could be a good spinel ferrite for medical application with antimicrobial activity and generate heat (hyperthermia, anti-cancer material).

Directional co-immobilization of artificial multimeric-enzyme complexes as a robust biocatalyst for biosynthesis curcumin glucosides and regeneration of UDP-glucose

Site-directed protein immobilization allows the homogeneous orientation of proteins while maintaining high activity, which is advantageous for various applications. In this study, the use of SpyCatcher/SpyTag technology and magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4 NPs) nanoparticles were used to prepare a site-directed immobilization of BsUGT2m from Bacillus subtilis and AtSUSm from Arabidopsis thaliana for enhancing curcumin glucoside production with UDP-glucose regeneration from sucrose and UDP. The immobilization of self-assembled multienzyme complex (MESAs) enzymes were characterized for immobilization parameters and stability, including thermal, pH, storage stability, and reusability. The immobilized MESAs exhibited a 2.5-fold reduction in UDP consumption, enhancing catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the immobilized MESAs demonstrated high storage and temperature stability over 21 days at 4 °C and 25 °C, outperforming their free counterparts. Reusability assays showed that the immobilized MESAs retained 78.7 % activity after 10 cycles. Utilizing fed-batch technology, the cumulative titer of curcumin 4’-O-β-D-glucoside reached 6.51 mM (3.57 g/L) and 9.45 mM (5.18 g/L) for free AtSUSm/BsUGT2m and immobilized MESAs, respectively, over 12 h. This study demonstrates the efficiency of magnetic nickel ferrite nanoparticles in co-immobilizing enzymes, enhancing biocatalysts' catalytic efficiency, reusability, and stability.

Enhanced Removal of Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Media via Adsorption on Facilely Synthesized Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles.

In this study, magnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via the Pechini sol-gel method and evaluated for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. PF600 and PF800 refer to the samples that were synthesized at 600 °C and 800 °C, respectively. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and EDX confirmed the successful formation of CuFe2O4 spinel structures, with crystallite sizes of 22.64 nm (PF600) and 30.13 nm (PF800). FE-SEM analysis revealed particle diameters of 154.98 nm (PF600) and 230.05 nm (PF800), exhibiting spherical and irregular shapes. HR-TEM analysis further confirmed the presence of aggregated nanoparticles with average diameters of 52.26 nm (PF600) and 98.32 nm (PF800). The PF600 and PF800 nanoparticles exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities of 377.36 mg/g and 322.58 mg/g, respectively, significantly outperforming many materials reported in the literature. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating monolayer adsorption and strong physisorption. The process was spontaneous, exothermic, and predominantly physical. Reusability tests demonstrated high adsorption efficiency across multiple cycles when desorbed with a 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, emphasizing the practical applicability of these nanoparticles. The inherent magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 facilitated easy separation from the aqueous medium using a magnet, enabling efficient and cost-effective recovery of the adsorbent. These findings highlight the potential of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, particularly PF600, for the effective and sustainable removal of Cd(II) ions from water.

Cytotoxicity assessment of Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles prepared via rapid combustion-calcination process on SGC-7901 and HGC-27 gastric cancer cells

Currently, ferrite magnetic nanoparticles are widely utilized in the biomedical domain, encompassing antibacterial, catalytic, imaging, and drug delivery among other fields. In this study, Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via the rapid combustion-calcination process. By incorporating inorganic metal elements with specific functionalities, the limitations of iron oxide could be overcome, enabling targeted roles in various applications. The morphology, phase composition, and magnetic properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The impact of anhydrous ethanol quantity, calcination temperature, and duration on the magnetic properties and grain size of the nanomaterials was investigated. Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on human gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901 and HGC-27) under different preparation conditions. The results of the MTT assay revealed a concentration - and time-dependent inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles exhibiting a magnetic energy of 20.23 emu/g and an average particle size of 51.6 nm, synthesized using 20 mL of anhydrous ethanol, calcination temperature of 400 °C, and a calcination duration of 2.0 h, displayed significant inhibitory effects on tumor cells. Furthermore, The nanoparticles not only showed low toxicity to human normal stomach cells GES-1, but also enhanced the inhibitory effect on tumor cells under the action of an external magnetic field.

Multifunctional Characterization and Anticancer Properties of Magnetic Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles by Modified Ultrasonic Assisted Co-precipitation Method

Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized successfully via the modified ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method. Structural characterization, conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement, revealed a single cubic phase with a mixed spinel structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups indicative of the spinel ferrite structure. Morphological analysis using field-emission scanning electron microscopy showcased the nanoparticles’ uniform morphology and size distribution. UV–vis spectra revealed the optical properties, while the Tauc Plot method determined the optical band gap. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirm the symmetric resonance peak with 1254 Oe line width and the Lande g value 2.133. Magnetic hysteresis loops confirm the soft magnetic nature of the nanoparticles with magnetic saturation and coercivity of 39.2 emu gm−1 and 77.5 Oe. The anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG-2 and MCF-7) revealed significant anticancer activity against HepG-2 and HeLa cells compared to MCF-7 cancer cells, and the results were compared with the standard drug cisplatin. A comparative analysis of results among cancer cell lines was conducted and discussed.

Magnetic polyurethane based composites as contactless valves in microfluidic applications

Magnetoactive polymer composites have garnered significant attention for their potential use in diverse applications, owing to their rapid and reversible response to external magnetic fields. By incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into an elastomeric matrix, these composites exhibit unique properties under static or alternating magnetic fields. In this context, thermo-polyurethane-based magnetic active composites are promising materials for developing microfluidic system components such as valves and peristaltic pumps. In the current study, we investigated the utilization of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles in conjunction with a non-toxic synthesis method for polyurethane. It was explored the impact, on the overall success of the process, of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles incorporation at various stages of the thermo-polyurethane (TPU) synthesis reaction. Finally, the effects of different amounts of MNPs on the physicochemical properties of the resulting composites and their behavior as actuators under the influence of a magnetic field, was investigated. Our studies reveal that the actuator response of the composites increases proportionally with the percentage of MNPs present.Finally, the performance of a TPU/7.5% (V/V) CoFe2O4 composite strip as a flow control actuator within a microfluidic system was evaluated. This actuator responds to magnetic fields by bending, resulting in a 10% reduction in flow rate of microfluidic system. Reversing the magnetic field restores the flow rate to its initial value. Our cyclic tests illustrate the actuator's capacity to locally and temporarily modulate the microfluidic system's resistance. When combined with tailored TPU elasticity, these materials show significant potential for the fabrication of microfluidic valves and pumps.

Green and environmentally friendly architecture of starch-based ternary magnetic biocomposite (Starch/MIL100/CoFe2O4): Synthesis and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and dye

The presence of tetracycline and dye as organic contaminants has led to the poisoning of wastewater. The aim of this study is to synthesize a novel biocomposite material by decorating natural starch polymer granules with metal-organic framework (MIL100) and cobalt ferrite magnetic (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. The synthesized ternary magnetic biocomposite (Starch/MIL100/CoFe2O4) was used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TCN) using LED visible light. The synthesis of the biocomposite was confirmed through comprehensive analyses (XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET, EDX, MAP, DRS, pHzpc, TGA, and Raman). The evaluation examined the influence of initial pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, pH, and the impact of anions on pollutant removal. The results show that the pollutant degradation ability of biocomposite has been significantly improved, so that the base biopolymer, starch, achieved 18% tetracycline degradation, but when decorated with MIL100 and cobalt ferrite, it increased to 91.2%. It was observed that the degradation for methylene blue improved from 12% for starch to 96.6% for the magnetic biocomposite. The tetracycline degradation decreased by more than 20% in the presence of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4. The finding shows that the biocomposite adheres to first-order kinetics for both pollutants. The scavengers test identified hydroxyl radicals as the most effective active species in the degradation process. High stability, even after passing 5 cycles of recycling was observed for the biocomposite. The results indicated that the facile and green synthesized Starch/MIL100/CoFe2O4 magnetic biocomposite could be used as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of Tetracycline and dye at room temperature.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities of Sodium Borohydride-Calcined Magnetic Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles.

The synthesis, enhancement, and maintenance of magnetite-based catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) are important for photocatalytic activity and recovery rates. We used a sodium borohydride (NaBH4) calcination method to modify MnFe2O4 nanoparticles to optimize their performance in the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The results indicated a 94% increase in photocatalytic efficiency, while magnetic assessments performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer showed an 8.9% improvement in magnetic properties without degradation. These findings show the dual benefits of increased photocatalytic performance with strong magnetic properties, which are important for the application and reusability of photocatalysts. The recycling of these photocatalysts reduces secondary pollution and increases the process cost-effectiveness. These results contribute to the solution of problems with the use of photocatalytic materials.

Therapeutic and Photodegradation Applications of PVA, PVP and PEG Capped NixCo1-xFe2O4 Nanoparticles by a Hydrothermal Method

Magnetic Ferrite nanoparticles (MFNPs), are promising for diverse application owing to their divergent functional properties. Among the MFNPs cobalt ferrite nanocomposites have gained a lot of attention for myriad biomedical application. This paper describes our synthesis of nickel doped cobalt ferrite capped in polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) by a hydrothermal method. Several characterizations techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to determine the physico-chemical properties of the formulated MFNPs. The physico-chemical properties of the MFNPs were influenced by the PEG, PVA and PVP. The formulated nanoparticles showed enhanced antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The PVP capped MFNPs, had the highest antifungi and antidiabetic activities, while the PVA capped MFNPs showed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Hence, the introduction of these polymers in the samples heightened their biomedical performance. The photodegradation of crystal violet by the MFNPs was also enhanced with the PVP mediated sample having the highest efficiency.

Oxidation of imidacloprid insecticide through PMS activation using CuFe2O4 nanoparticles: Role of process parameters and surface modifications

The contamination of water bodies by synthetic organic compounds coupled with climate change and the growing demand for water supply calls for new approaches to water management and treatment. To tackle the decontamination issue, the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) using copper magnetic ferrite (CuMF) nanoparticles prepared under distinct synthesis conditions was assessed to oxidize imidacloprid (IMD) insecticide. After optimization of some operational variables, such as CuMF load (62.5–250 mg L−1), PMS concentration (250–1000 μM), and solution pH (3-10), IMD was completely oxidized in 2 h without interferences from leached metal ions. Such performance was also achieved when using tap water but was inhibited by a simulated municipal wastewater due to scavenging effects promoted by inorganic and organic species. Although there was evidence of the presence of sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen oxidizing species, only four intermediate compounds were detected by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, mainly due to hydroxyl addition reactions. Concerning the changes in surface properties of CuMF after use, no morphological or structural changes were observed except a small increase in the charge transfer resistance. Based on the changes of terminal surface groups, PMS activation occurred on Fe sites.

Functionalization of Strontium Ferrite Nanoparticles with Novel Chitosan–Schiff Base Ligand for Efficient Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media

Lead contamination in water poses significant health risks, making its removal imperative. In this study, magnetic strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) nanoparticles were facilely synthesized by the Pechini sol–gel method and subsequently functionalized with a novel chitosan–Schiff base ligand to obtain a novel inorganic/organic nanocomposite for removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The chitosan–Schiff base ligand was synthesized through the reaction of chitosan with 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. The presence of two X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 2Ɵ = 10.5° and 2Ɵ = 20.5°, alongside the characteristic SrFe12O19 peaks, confirmed the functionalization of the nanoparticles with the ligand. Additionally, a significant decrease in the saturation magnetization value from 40.29 emu/g in pure SrFe12O19 nanoparticles to 17.32 emu/g in the nanocomposite further verified the functionalization. The presence of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) atoms in the energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) pattern of the nanocomposite, in addition to iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), and oxygen (O), also confirmed the functionalization. The nanocomposite’s maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions was 390.63 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous, and chemical, occurring via complexation with -C=N and -OH groups, and it fits well with the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.

Synthesis, modifications, and applications of iron-based nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are appealing materials as assistant to resolve environmental pollution issues and as recyclable catalysts for the oxidative degradation of resistant contaminants. Moreover, they can significantly influence the advancement of medical applications for imaging, diagnostics, medication administration, and biosensing. On the other hand, due to unique features, excellent biocompatibility, high curie temperatures and low cytotoxicity of the Iron-based nanoparticles, they have received increasing attention in recent years. Using an external magnetic field, in which the ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) in the reaction mixtures can be easily removed, make them more efficient approach than the conventional method for separating the catalyst particles by centrifugation or filtration. Ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) provide various advantages in food processing, environmental issues, pharmaceutical industry, sample preparation, wastewater management, water purification, illness therapy, identification of disease, tissue engineering, and biosensor creation for healthcare monitoring. Modification of FMNPs with the proper functional groups and surface modification techniques play a significant role in boosting their capability. Due to flexibility of FMNPs in functionalization and synthesis, it is possible to make customized FMNPs that can be utilized in variety of applications. This review focuses on synthesis, modifications, and applications of Iron-based nanoparticles.

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions on Alginate-Based Magnetic Nanocomposite Adsorbent Beads.

Graphene oxide and its magnetic nanoparticle-based composites are a well-known tool to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Unfortunately, one of the major issues in handling such small particles consists of their difficult removal from treated wastewater (even when their magnetic properties are exploited), due to their very small diameter. One possible way to overcome this problem is to embed them in a macroscopic biopolymer matrix, such as alginate or chitosan beads. In this way, the adsorbent becomes easier to handle and can be used to build, for example, a packed column, as in a traditional industrial adsorber. In this work, the removal performances of two different embedded magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents (MNAs) are discussed. The first type of MNA is based on ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) generated by coprecipitation using iron(II/III) salts and ammonium hydroxide, while the second is based on a 2D material composed of MNP-decorated graphene oxide. Both MNAs were embedded in cross-linked alginate beads and used to treat artificial water contaminated with chromium(III), nickel(II), and copper(II) in different concentrations. The yield of removal and differences between MNAs and non-embedded magnetic nanomaterials are also discussed. From the results, it was found that the time to reach the adsorption equilibrium is higher when compared to that of the nanomaterials only, due to the lower surface/volume ratio of the beads, but the adsorption capacity is higher, due to the additional interaction with alginate.

Green synthesis of manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticle and its modification with metallic-organic frameworks for the tetracycline adsorption from aqueous solutions: A mathematical study of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

In the current investigation, MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 nanocomposite was generated as a magnetic nanoadsorber using the extract of Dracocephalum plant and characterized by XRD, FTIR, VSM, BET, FESEM, EDS-mapping, TEM, XPS, TPD-NH3, and TGA analyses. Also, to determine its efficiency in the adsorption process of tetracycline, the effect of pH (3–9), nanocomposite dose (0.025–2 g/L), initial pollutant concentration (5–100 mg/L), contact time (5–200 min), and temperature (5–50 °C) were studied. The results of the morphological properties of the magnetic nanocomposite confirmed the spherical shape of this nanoadsorber with an average size of 54 ± 31 nm. BET analysis showed that modification of MnFe2O4 material with ZIF-8 as a new nanoadsorber leads to excellent modification of SBET (143.8 m2/g) and VTotal (0.44 cm3/g). The highest removal efficiency of tetracycline in optimal conditions (pH = 7, contact time = 120 min, nanocomposite dose = 1.5 g/L, and temperature = 20 °C for a tetracycline concentration of 20 mg/L) was 90.11%. As the temperature increased, the removal efficiency increased from 40.46% to 95.06% during 120 min, which indicates that the adsorption reaction is endothermic. In addition, the data obtained from the isotherms of Langmuir (R2 = 0.958), Freundlich (R2 = 0.534), and Temkin (R2 = 0.747) showed that the tetracycline adsorption is monolayer and on the homogeneous surface of the synthesized magnetic nanoadsorber. The elimination process of tetracycline by nanoadsorber followed the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.998). Investigating the effect of interfering ions also confirmed the decrease in the adsorption efficiency. Also, the investigation of the reusability of the synthesized magnetic nanoadsorber in tetracycline adsorption indicates that after eight cycles, the efficiency decreases by %16.51. According to the results, the magnetic nanocomposite synthesized in this work can be a suitable and economical adsorber for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous environments.

Removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions using magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles

This study investigated the removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin antibiotics from an aqueous solution in a batch system using magnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles as adsorbents. Next, the effects of important parameters such as concentration, adsorbent dosage, ultrasonication time, and pH were examined on the efficiency of the tetracycline and ciprofloxacin removal process. The optimum conditions of the parameters were determined through the Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on the design of the experiment (DOE). The second-order regression coefficients were estimated following the statistical analysis of the results by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal points were determined accurately by combining the results and drawing a second-order multivariate equation. The optimum conditions were obtained at a concentration of 30 mg L−1, a dosage of 0.021 g, a pH of 7, and an ultrasonication time of 11 min. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal efficiency was 96.89% and 99.03% for tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The performance of CuFe2O4 adsorbent in five consecutive experiments did not show much decline, indicating the reusability and stability of the adsorbent. The study results showed that CuFe2O4 adsorbent could remove tetracycline and ciprofloxacin from real water samples by more than 98%.