Machine Frame Research Articles

Analysis of air-to-water converter frame using ANSYS simulation

According to projections made by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), by 2040 every region along Java's northern coast—from Banten to Surabaya and Iswara—will be an urban area vulnerable to water scarcity. As a result, more careful consideration is required. Since air is an endless supply, turning it into water is one way to address the clean water shortage. A good design's structure is one of its essential components. This is because the device's structure must sustain both the renewable energy source and the complete system. By utilizing ANSYS Workbench and theoretical calculations to analyze the maximum stress results, the research aims to ascertain whether the machine frame is safe for usage. In this investigation, the ANSYS 2021 R1 software was used to apply the finite element method to ASTM A36 material under vertical loading. The air-to-water converter mechanism is still safe after simulations were run on its shaft and frame. This is demonstrated by the biggest maximum stress on the shaft (6.2194 MPa) from the ANSYS numerical simulation and the largest maximum stress (0.349 MPa) on the frame, both of which are still below the allowable stress. Furthermore, a 0.9694 difference in safety factor was found between theoretical calculations and shaft simulation, and a 0.1573 difference was found for the frame. The safety factor acquired from the shaft was 1.6043, while the safety factor gained from the frame was 1.6073

Analisis kekuatan pembebanan frame mesin press hidrolik kapasitas 3 ton

This study examines the safety and stress factors to determine the maximum dynamic load that can be supported by the press machine frame. Dynamic loads occur due to the working mechanism of the press machine that presses the bearing. Stress analysis test simulation using the Solidwork 2020 computer program with the finite element method in the simulation test of the hydraulic press machine frame material structure with dynamic load treatment. The frame design model uses U-profile iron material UMP 50 with a thickness of 3-5mm with dimensions of 50 mm x 38 mm. The simulated variable load is 3000 kg. The simulation results show the yield strength of the material = 521.927 N / m² (Mpa) and the stress, displacement, strain values ​​at a load of 3000 kg = simulation Stress = 620.422 N / m² (Mpa), Displacement = 1.232mm, Strain = 0.001. The von Mises stress value is 29,500 N = 620.422N; 521.927 N = 1.88. The simulation results show that the hydraulic press machine frame design has a safety factor of 0.001 and can withstand dynamic loads of up to 3000 kg.

Systematic analysis of geometric inaccuracy and its contributing factors in roboforming

Incremental sheet metal forming is a highly versatile die-less forming process for manufacturing complex sheet metal components. Robot-assisted incremental sheet forming, or roboforming, allows a wider range of tool motion, providing the capability to shape intricate components. This makes roboforming the most flexible variant of the incremental forming method. However, the serial arrangement of links and joints in a robotic manipulator results in low positional accuracy under forming loads due to insufficient structural stiffness. The stiffness of the machine frame and tool directly impacts the accuracy of the final formed profile. The impact of machine compliance on component shape in incremental sheet forming is substantial in roboforming. This work presents a methodology for systematic analysis of the factors contributing to the errors in the geometric shape of robot-based forming. Experimental and numerical methods are used to estimate the material springback, tool/tool holder deflections, and errors due to machine compliance. The CNC machine frame is relatively stiffer than the industrial robots, such that material springback is estimated based on the experimental trials on CNC for cone and variable wall angle cone profiles. Tool and tool holder deflections are estimated using finite element simulations. The analytical method using the Virtual Joint Model is used to model the joint stiffness, and consequently, the robot Cartesian stiffness is estimated to predict path deviation contributing to geometric shape errors. The proportional contribution of each factor in the overall deviation in the Roboforming is also quantified.

Experimental Verification of Geometric Changes Caused by the Release of Residual Stresses for Large-Scale Welded Frames.

This paper presents geometric analyses of welded frames after free relaxing and vibratory stress relief (VSR). The tested frames were components of a prototype packaging machine. Two types of relaxation were carried out to remove stresses introduced as a result of the welding process. One of the frames was subjected to free relaxation, while the other one was subjected to accelerated vibration relaxation. Detection of the frame geometry changes was performed using a photogrammetric system. In addition, an evaluation of the geometry change was conducted for fifteen variants of a steel frame support. A comparative analysis of the geometric deviations of the frames after free and vibratory stress relief confirmed the assumption that the frame post vibration stress relief better reproduces the nominal dimensions. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that after vibratory stress relief, the frame is not subject to further deformation, which is a desirable effect. In the case of free relaxing, the frame undergoes dimensional changes in a random manner. In summary, carrying out accelerated vibratory stress relief allows for control of spontaneous dimensional changes in the designed frame of a packaging machine resulting from spontaneous relaxation of stresses arising from the welding process. The shortening of the relaxation process of the welded frame is also an unquestionable advantage.

Packaging machine vibration reduction by dynamic balancing

In this article vibrations transmitted to the frame of a packaging machine are reduced through dynamic balancing. It is known that unbalanced inertial forces and moments result in undesirable vibrations that negatively affect the performance and durability of machines. These shaking forces and shaking moments must be completely balanced to eliminate the vibrations. Balancing generally increases other dynamic characteristics like driving torque, bearing reactions in joints and the overall mass of the mechanism and can lead to a more complex mechanism. Instead of a complete balance of shaking force and moment, these can be minimized through optimization techniques. In this work, an optimization procedure is formulated to determine the masses and locations of counterweights that provides the minimum shaking force and moment of a packaging machine sealing head, thus reducing the vibrations transferred to the frame.

Optimizing the Design Structure of Recycled Aluminum Pressing Machine using the Finite Element Method

Optimizing the Design Structure of Recycled Aluminum Pressing Machine using the Finite Element Method

Design of a Peanut Skin Peeling Machine Design Based on Professional Autodesk Inventor Software

In the nut processing industry, such as peanuts, the skin peeling process is an important stage to obtain a quality final product. Manual peeling can be a tiring and time-consuming job, so automating the peeling process using a machine is an efficient solution. The aim of designing a peanut shelling machine is to make it easier for peanut farmers to make the production process more efficient. The design stage of the peanut skin peeling machine design includes analysis of data requirements and obtaining a design that suits the farmer's capacity, design design using Autodesk Inventor Professional Software and design analysis of the peanut skin peeling machine design. The results of the analysis of the peanut shelling machine frame experienced a displacement of 0.00352 – 0.01758 and a safety factor of 15 sf, with stress of -0.886 Mpa to 0.437 Mpa which was experienced at a point below the yield stress of 1.088 Mpa so that the chassis construction was declared safe. to the static load received.

Optimized Design for Vibration Reduction in a Residual Film Recovery Machine Frame Based on Modal Analysis

The technology of plastic film mulching is widely applied in Xinjiang, but it also brings about serious issues of residual film pollution. Currently, the 1MSF-2.0 residual film recovery machine can effectively address the problem. However, it faces challenges such as high overall machine weight and noticeable frame vibrations, which affect the stability of the entire machine operation. The frame, as the installation foundation, needs to bear loads and impact. Therefore, the reliability of the frame is crucial for the stability of the entire machine. Improving the frame’s vibration is of great importance. In response to the significant vibration issues during the operation of the 1MSF-2.0 residual film recovery machine, this paper utilized Workbench 2020 R2 to establish a finite element model of the machine frame and conducted static analysis to obtain strength information, thereby initially understanding the optimization space of the frame. Building upon this, Mechanical was employed to solve the first 14 natural frequencies and mode shapes of the frame, and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis was verified through modal testing. After analyzing the frequency characteristics of external excitation forces, it was found that the fourth-order natural frequency of the frame fell within the frequency range of the excitation force of the shaft of the straw grinder, causing resonance in the frame and necessitating structural optimization. The optimal results indicated that the optimized frame increased in mass by 4.41%, reduced the maximum stress value by 2.56 MPa, and increased the fourth-order natural frequency to 22.7 Hz, avoiding the frequency range of the excitation force of the shaft of the straw grinder, thus improving the resonance issue. This paper provides a reference for optimizing the design of the frame of the residual film recovery machine.

Research report on automatic unpacking operation of measuring instrument storage buffer area

In order to realize the automatic, digital and intelligent research and development of the key process of unpacking, this paper designs an intelligent unpacking equipment based on visualization of the makeup and unloading system, and the efficiency is seriously not matched. intelligent unpacking equipment based on visual positioning algorithm, including the main frame of the unpacking machine, the film winding device, the automatic film cutting and the film clamping. automatic film cutting and the film clamping mechanism. Based on the above design, the test simulation is carried out. In the actual work, the intelligent unpacking workstation can significantly improve the current manual unpacking work efficiency (increase efficiency > 50%), and realize the automation, digitalization and intelligence of the current manual unpacking work efficiency (increase efficiency > 50%), and realize the automation, digitalization and intelligence of the operation process in the front area of the library. In the actual work, the intelligent unpacking workstation can significantly improve the current manual unpacking work efficiency (increase efficiency > 50%, and realize the automation, digitalization and intelligence of the operation process in the front area of the library.

DESIGN AND BUILD A COCONUT HUSK CHOPPER MACHINE USING AN 8 HP GASOLINE ENGINE

The coconut frond cutter or coconut frond shredder is a device used to transform coconut fronds into small pieces, even turning them into a finely textured material. This study examines the design and development of a coconut-chopping machine that uses an 8 HP combustion motor. Structural analysis was performed on the machine frame by considering the maximum and minimum Von Mises Stresses. The analysis results show that the maximum Von Mises Stress in the frame is 1.670e+06 N/mm², while the minimum stress is 2.338e+04 N/mm². The displacement of the frame was observed at 2.642e-02 mm to 1.000e-30 mm. The safety factor of the frame was found to be 1.366e+02, indicating an adequate level of safety. Next, this study analyzed the shredding capacity of the machine. The analysis showed that the largest shredding capacity was 3619.30 kg/hour, which occurred at a high rotation of young fronds, producing fine shreds. Meanwhile, the smallest shredding capacity of 612.66 kg/hour occurs at low rotation of old fronds and produces coarse shreds. These results provide essential insights into using coconut shredding machines based on the rotation level and the processed material. This research contributes to the development of efficient and effective coconut processing technology.

Research on the Application of Structural Topology Optimisation in the High-Precision Design of a Press Machine Frame

This article aims to optimise the structure of a press machine to enhance its stability and accuracy, as well as reduce the frame deformation during processing. The outer supporting frame of the JH31-250 press machine (Zhejiang Weili Forging Machinery Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, China) is used as a typical sample for exploring optimisation. Commercial software is utilised to conduct a finite element analysis on the three-dimensional model of the press machine frame. A topological optimisation algorithm using the solid isotropic microstructures with penalisation (SIMP) method is then applied to improve the structure of the press frame. The size of the topological structure is further refined with the response surface method and particle swarm optimisation method to ensure it is more relevant to engineering application. The analysis results indicate that the initial frame’s deformation under the static conditions is 0.4229 mm, and after optimisation, the deformed structural displacement is 0.2548 mm, a decrease of 39.75%. Additionally, a simplified experimental method is designed to effectively validate the simulation and the proposed design.

Modification and performance evaluation of yam peeling machine

Yam is a versatile crop and plays a vital role in tropical regions, where it can be transformed into various food products. Peeling is an essential step in the processing of yam, as it increases its value. While manual peeling with knives is common in households, larger-scale production requires the use of yam peeling machines. The objective of this study was to analyze and enhance the performance of an existing yam peeling machine. The key components of the machine include the machine frame, a wire mesh-like drum, a speed reduction gear motor, a pumping machine, sprockets, pipes, and a water container. The yam peeler is powered by a three-phase 2 hp electric motor. The machine was tested on three different types of yams with varying moisture contents and at different speeds. Various performance parameters such as peeling efficiency, peeling capacity, flesh loss, and time efficiency were evaluated. Statistical analysis and SPSS models were utilized to examine the relationship between different factors and the performance metrics of the machine. The study revealed that as the peeling speed increased, the efficiency decreased. The peeling efficiency ranged from 63.27% to 92.74%, peeling capacity ranged from 2.28 kg/h to 11.34 kg/h, and flesh loss varied from 7.26% to 36.73%. The moisture content of the yams, peeling speeds, and tuber morphology were found to have significant effects on peeling efficiency, flesh loss, peeling capacity, and time efficiency. The yam peeler production cost is estimated to be $150. The machine demonstrated suitability for small-scale food industries due to its low cost and minimal maintenance requirements.

Excitation Control of Brushless Induction Excited Synchronous Motor with Induction Machine Operating in Deep-Plugging Mode

Abstract The popularity of electrified transportation is rising at a sharp pace due to environmental concerns over internal combustion (IC) engines. Researchers are nowadays looking for a brushless and permanent magnet (PM)-less solution for electric vehicle (EV) motors. Wound-field synchronous motor (WFSM) is a potential solution for EVs and is being used in Renault Zoe EV and BMW iX3 e-Drive models. A Brushless Induction excited Synchronous Motor (BINSYM) is a WFSM where the exciter, an induction machine (IM), is embedded inside the synchronous machine (SM) frame. Two machines (SM and IM) are configured for different numbers of poles to achieve magnetic decoupling, which facilitates independent control of both machines. The purpose of IM is to maintain the excitation requirement of SM. The IM is controlled in deep-plugging mode at a constant slip frequency over the entire speed range to minimise its reactive power demand. The maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and root mean square (rms) current minimisation algorithms are used to control the SM. Simulation of the BINSYM-based system under dynamic conditions (MTPA with varying field current and load transient) has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the control strategies. Experimental findings from the laboratory prototype machine closely match the simulation results.

FEATURES OF BENDING OF CURVILINEAR ABSOLUTELY ELASTIC BARS

In construction mechanics, the linear theory of bending is used to calculate deflections of beams. It gives an approximate result, but it is quite acceptable for practice, since the deflections of the beams are small compared to their length. In the case of significant deflections of the rods, when the curvature of the elastic axis is significant, a nonlinear theory is used. It is based on the position of resistance of materials, according to which the curvature of the elastic axis is directly proportional to the applied moment and inversely proportional to the stiffness of the rod. Such types of elastic bending are present in agricultural tillage equipment. Thanks to the elasticity of the rods, which can be working bodies or connect the working bodies to the frame of the machine, pulsating loads are extinguished. Bars in the free state can have an initial curvature of the elastic axis, which can be constant or variable. One end of the rod is rigidly attached to the machine frame, and the other is under the influence of the applied force. If the curvature is constant, that is, the elastic axis of the rod is an arc of a circle, then the deformation will be the same regardless of which end of the rod is attached to the frame. For rods with a variable curvature of the elastic axis, this is important. The following cases are considered in the article, corresponding calculations were made on the basis of which the shape of the elastic axis of the rod after its bending was found. Curvilinear rods of variable curvature have a different value at the ends. In this regard, the shape of the elastic axis under the action of the tracking force of the pinched rod will depend on which end it is pinched. The moment under which the elastic axis of the rod is deformed depends on the shoulder, that is, on the length of the arc of the elastic axis.The length of the arc of the curve can increase only in one direction from the reference point. If the rod is clamped at the opposite end, then the direction in which the shoulder grows, i.e. the length of the arc, must be changed. For this purpose, a method of solving this problem is proposed, which allows you to take any section of a curved rod and examine it for bending by the following force when one or the opposite end is pinched.

ESTIMAREA INTENSITĂȚII ALEATORII A FORȚELOR DE TRACȚIUNE ÎN SUPORTURILE ORGANELOR DE LUCRU ALE UNUI CULTIVATOR

The investigation on the unpredictability of the distribution of traction resistance forces on the working bodies of a specific type of MCLS complex cultivator is presented in the paper. The validation of the random character of the force that loads the active bodies is used to indicate the mathematical model that must be followed for the research of the soil processing system. Also, the research results elucidate some hypotheses issued in the conception and design of the machine: the more intense load for the working bodies from the lines of working bodies located immediately after the tractor, the existence of working bodies that are constantly more intensively requested and the causes. According to the literature, it is to be assumed that the forces that demand the working bodies, the supports, and the machine frame have a random nature. The conclusions of the descriptive, inferential statistical study (which do not quantify the random intensity) are explained together with the results. The experimental loads are compared to some of the most random strings to produce a quantitative estimate of the random intensity. As a result, processes that use random functions and the entirety of their approach are recommended in mathematical modelling for further research

Wear performance of GGG60 ductile iron rollers coated with WC-Co by electro spark deposition

Nodular cast irons are used in many industrial applications such as machine frames and body, rollers and engine blocks due to their higher strengths and ductility with good machinability comparable to grey cast irons. In this study, the outer surface of nodular cast irons (GGG-60) was coated with WC/Co using electro spark deposition (ESD). The aim of the study is to improve both the surface quality and wear behaviour with the coatings formed on the surface of the plastic deformation rollers, whose wear resistance decreases over the time due to high stress working conditions. Heat treatment at 950 ºC for 2 h was applied to the GGG60 specimen rollers and half of the rollers were uncoated and the other half was coated with WC-Co electrodes. The wear behaviour of the heat treated and coated surfaces was measured by ball-on-disc wear method using Al2O3 ball bearing with a diameter of 6 mm for a sliding distance of 250 m at a sliding rate of 6.5 m·s-1 under a dry condition, and using a load of 40 N. WC/Co coatings were successfully applied to rollers. In the SEM/EDS images, the presence of W, Fe, C, Co and Al elements in the coated part of the rollers and Fe, C and Al elements in the uncoated region were detected. It was concluded that Coating and heat treatment increased the wear resistance by nearly 5 times and decreased the friction coefficient by 2.13 times.

Расчет параметров мобильного механизированного комплекса, выполняющего монтаж воздушной линии, находящейся под влиянием контактной сети переменного тока

Purpose: To calculate the parameters of a mobile mechanized complex (MMC) that performs the installation of an overhead line of longitudinal power supply under the influence of an AC contact network. The asymmetry of electrical parameters in overhead lines (OL) caused by the electromagnetic influence of the contact network leads to a decrease in the quality of electricity for consumers. This contributes to a decrease in the stability of the OL. The worst option may be the ignition of a dwelling, which is powered by the specified OL. A new type of transposition solves the problem of asymmetry, which consists in twisting the wires by 60 ° each span of the supports. With this method of installation, the distance between the wires will be constantly uniform. The problem of asymmetry of electrical parameters is solved, since the mutual movement of phase wires will contribute to the same effect of the electromagnetic field on all three wires. Accordingly, the levels of induced voltages of both components — electric and magnetic — will be leveled. Methods: The analysis of existing methods of installation of OL, profile pipes for the torsion machine, the calculation of the profile for MMC, mass-dimensional characteristics, types of wires and drums for which MMC is designed was carried out. Results: In the article, the parameters of the torsion machine, which consists of movable and fixed parts, were calculated. The brands of wires for OL, drums for installation were selected and their parameters were calculated. The dependence of the loads on the frame of the torsion machine on the length of the profile pipe at the time of maximum loading was constructed. The dimensions of the profile pipe for the frame of the torsion machine and the steel grade were selected, and the simulation of the most loaded support beam of the wire drum attachment was carried out to predict loads and deflection. Practical significance: The necessity of using MMC for OL installation is shown, since only it is able to perform installation with increased symmetry of linear parameters. MMC is a twisting machine with wire drums, a manipulator for mounting wires, a device for fixing and tensioning wires, a control system and a base on which the MMC is mounted. The advantages of using automation in MMC are substantiated.

Development of Truck-Loading Equipment for Loading Bundle of Sugarcane Stalks

The objective of this research is to develop the prototype truck-loading equipment for conveying sugarcane bundles. The main components are the machine frame, conveyor chain, conveyor tray, and a power engine unit. Three levels of chain conveyor speed were tested: 12, 14, and 16 rpm. The test results showed that the speed of the conveyor chain at 14 rpm has the most capacity in actual work because when the speed of the conveyor chain was increased to 16 rpm, the workers who responsible for bundling sugarcane on the truck could not keep up with the conveyor speed. Therefore, the capacity of the conveying system decreases with an average actual working capacity of 5.41 tons/hr. The average field efficiency was 82.00%, and the average fuel consumption was 0.31 L/hr. Compared to the method of loading sugarcane bundles onto trucks according to the method commonly used by farmers, it was found that the average capacity of loading sugarcane bundles onto trucks was 3.10 tons/hr., which is 74.51% less than the system of using human labour together with equipment to load sugarcane bundles onto trucks. The break-even point and payback period are 455.44 tons and 71 working days when using a conveyor chain speed of 14 rpm.

Synchronous Generator Feeding DC Grid Having Brushless Excitation System With Induction Machine Operating in Deep Plugging Mode

This paper proposes a novel excitation control for a recently proposed synchronous generator (SG) entitled Brushless Induction Excited Synchronous Generator (BINSYG) for wind energy applications. In BINSYG, one SG and another Induction machine (IM) are embedded in the same machine frame to make the overall system brushless. Here, IM acts as the excitation machine and regulates the dc excitation for SG by rectifying the rotor-induced currents through a rotating rectifier. SG feeds power to dc grid via a two-level six-switch Voltage Source Rectifier that is operated at unity power factor at the SG terminal. The excitation developed by IM is regulated using a new frequency modulation control strategy for a two-level Voltage Source Inverter connected to the stator of IM. The excitation machine helps operate SG at variable wind speeds with reduced flux distortions. The proposed system is speed/position sensorless and controlled without using any voltage or current sensors on the IM side. The system with its proposed control algorithm is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental verification for a small-scale laboratory prototype BINSYG feeding power to a 220 V dc grid are presented to validate the effectiveness of the controller.

Design and Development of a Sorghum Winnowing Machine

The process of winnowing grains such as SORGHUM has been widely done manually in a lot of developing countries, such as Nigeria and this comes with a lot of stress and reduced output/productivity hence the need to develop a machine that will ease such burdens so that there is a better productivity and a reduced human effort in the winnowing process. As such, an electric-powered sorghum winnowing machine was designed and fabricated with locally sourced materials to ensure ease of maintenance and at no compromise to its efficiency and reliability. The machine component parts include the blower, hopper, feed gate, lever, and the machine frame. Sorghum sample was tested with the machine for operational effectiveness and the result shows that the machine has a winnowing capacity of 530kg/hr and a winnowing efficiency of 96%. The fabricated winnowing machine performed well with high winnowing efficiency, reliability, and durability with an estimated cost of $450. It was also discovered that the cost of winnowing 1kg sorghum is highly encouraging. The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A performance evaluation was carried out on the machine and a cleaning efficiency of 96% was achieved.