Lysinibacillus Sp Research Articles

Isolation and Identification of Airborne Bacteria Inside Swiftlet Houses in Sarawak, Malaysia

Air consists of such microorganisms as bacteria, fu ngi, and viruses. Exposure to these airborne bacter ia indoors may cause infectious and noninfectious adverse health e ffects. However, the sources and origins of bacteri a are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to isolate an d identify the bacteria present in the air inside s wiftlet houses located in Kota Samarahan, Saratok, Betong, Maludam, Miri, Kuching, Semarang, Sepinang, Sarikei, and Sibu in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 100 bacterial isolates from 20 samples were collected from swiftlet houses. The b acteria present in the air were collected using Plate Count Agar. Two plates were exposed at the front and back inside sw iftlet houses for 15 sec and then incubated at 37 ± 1 o C for 24 h. The 16S rRNA analysis method was used to identify the isolates from the samples. The air inside the swiftlet houses had a total mean airborne bacteria colony count of 2.0 2 ± 0.72 log 10 cfu/m 2 /sec; the highest was in Miri (3.08 ± 0.29 log 10 cfu/m 2 /sec), and the lowest was in Sibu (1.05 ± 0.85 log 10 cfu/m 2 /sec). Twenty-seven bacteria species were identifie d, and Lysinibacillus sp. B4 (16%) was most frequently isolated.

Aerobic Bacterial degraders in effluent from Itoku textile industry, Abeokuta

The local textile industry in Itokun village is one major textile industry in Abeokuta Ogun state, known for “adire” production whose processes are not maintained at regulatory standards. This study involves isolating and identifying aerobic microorganisms in waste water effluents from this textile Industry and screening for aerobic degraders among the isolates. Fifty milliliter (50 ml) of three dye effluents; purple, brown and green were collected into sterile bottles and designated (Ef 1 ), (Ef 2 ) and (Ef 3 ). Tap water was used as control (Cont). Isolation, identification and screening of isolates for percentage decolorization were done using standard method. Colony forming units showed the trend Ef3 > Ef2> Ef1. Bacterial isolates included Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus simulans, Micrococcus varians, Bacillus niacinni, Lysinibacillus sp . and Bacillus carbonificus . Aneurinbacillus aneurinilytus alone was isolated from the control sample. Bacillus megaterium and Lysinibacillus sp. were the most predominant species in the effluents. S. simulans degradation was the most efficient and its use could be exploited. Keywords: Aerobic bacteria, textile effluent, dye, Itokun. Afr. J. Biotechnol. Vol. 12 No. 50

Interaction and biodegradation evaluate of m-cresol and quinoline in co-exist system

Environmentally hazardous and toxic chemicals are commonly generated in actual wastewater that the complex compositions in wastewater treatment system need different types of strains to be degraded. The main objective of this research was to understand the effect of extra substrates, phenolic and N-heterocyclic compounds, on the performance of pure cultural and mixed strains under single and dual substrates conditions. Two bacteria, Lysinibacillus sp. SC03 and Achromobacter sp. DN-06, were acclimated to degrade different concentrations of m-cresol and quinoline. The results indicated that Lysinibacillus sp. SC03 could completely degrade 100 mg l−1m-cresol with no delay time, however, little removal of quinoline was observed; Achromobacter sp. DN-06 could degrade 100 mg l−1 quinoline in 32 h, but could not remove m-cresol, which means m-cresol and quinoline is the specific substrate. The degradation rate of m-cresol fitted well to the zero-order kinetic equation although the degrading ability of Lysinibacillus sp. SC03 was inhibited when less than 100 mg l−1 quinoline was added, and the inhibitive effect was confirmed to be a noncompetitive pattern which could be interpreted by the Michaelis–Menten kinetics equation with corresponding parameters Vmax, Km, K1 and K2 were 13.16 mg l−1 h−1, 35.84 mg l−1, 200.0 mg l−1 and 285.7 mg l−1, respectively. Moreover, the addition of m-cresol-degrading strain (Lysinibacillus sp. SC03) could accelerate the removal of quinoline because the metabolites of quinoline could be degraded by Lysinibacillus sp. SC03 and the chemical equilibrium moved to more biodegradation of quinoline. Also, this process attributed to less the delay time during the quinoline removal.

Simultaneous decolorization of reactive Orange M2R dye and reduction of chromate by Lysinibacillus sp. KMK-A

Azo dyes constitute the largest and diverse group of dyes, widely used in number of industries that are contributing toward organic and inorganic load of effluent treatment. In the present study, Lysinibacillus sp. KMK-A was able to effectively decolorize Orange M2R dye up to 2000mgl−1 (Vmax of 19.6mgl−1h−1 and Km of 439mgl−1) and reduce Cr(VI) up to 250mgl−1 (Vmax of 3.6mgl−1h−1 and Km 28.3mgl−1). It also has an ability of simultaneous decolorization of Orange M2R dye (200–1000mgl−1) with reduction of Cr(VI) (50–200mgl−1). Significant reduction in total organic carbon content, chemical and biological oxygen demand along with spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis confirmed the biotransformation of Orange M2R. Involvement of enzymes namely azoreductase and chromate reductase was observed during biotransformation. The phyto and geno toxicity studies demonstrated that metabolites of dye degradation were non-toxic. Higher tolerance with simultaneous decolorization and detoxification of azo dyes in presence of Cr(VI) makes Lysinibacillus sp. KMK-A, a potential candidate for eco-friendly remediation of metal contaminated dye effluents.

Adenosine deaminase production by an endophytic bacterium (Lysinibacillus sp.) from Avicennia marina.

The present study was carried out with the following objectives: (1) to isolate the endophytic bacilli strains from the leaves of mangrove plant Avicennia marina, (2) to screen the potential strains for the production of adenosine deaminase, (3) to statistically optimize the factors that influence the enzyme activity in the potent strain, and (4) to identify the potent strain using 16S rRNA sequence and construct its phylogenetic tree. The bacterial strains isolated from the fresh leaves of a mangrove A. marina were assessed for adenosine deaminase activity by plating method. Optimization of reaction process was carried out using response surface methodology of central composite design. The potent strain was identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogeny. Of five endophytic strains, EMLK1 showed a significant deaminase activity over other four strains. The conditions for maximum activity of the isolated adenosine deaminase are described. The potent strain EMLK1 was identified as Lysinibacillus sp. (JQ710723) being the first report as a mangrove endophyte. Mangrove-derived endophytic bacillus strain Lysinibacillus sp. EMLK1 is proved to be a promising source for the production of adenosine deaminase and this enzyme deserves further studies for purification and its application in disease diagnosis.

Decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated azo dye C.I. Remazol Red and textile effluent by isolated Lysinibacillus sp. RGS

A novel bacterium was isolated from the soil of Ichalkaranji textile industrial area. Through 16S rRNA sequence matching and morphological observation it was identified as Lysinibacillus sp. RGS. This strain has ability to decolorize various industrial dyes among which, it showed complete decolorization and degradation of toxic sulfonated azo dye C.I. Remazol Red (at 30°C, pH 7.0, under static condition) with higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction (92%) within 6h of incubation. Various parameters like agitation, pH, temperature and initial dye concentrations were optimized to develop faster decolorization process. The supplementation of cheap co-substrates (e.g., extracts of agricultural wastes) could enhance the decolorization performance of Lysinibacillus sp. RGS. Induction in oxidoreductive enzymes presumably indicates involvement of these enzymes in the decolorization/degradation process. Analytical studies of the extracted metabolites confirmed the significant degradation of Remazol Red into various metabolites. The phytotoxicity assay (with respect to plants Phaseolus mungo and Sorghum vulgare) revealed that the degradation of Remazol Red produced nontoxic metabolites. Finally Lysinibacillus sp. RGS was applied to decolorize mixture of dyes and actual industrial effluent showing 87% and 72% decolorization (in terms of decrease in ADMI value) with 69% and 62% COD reduction within 48h and 96h, respectively. The foregoing result increases the applicability of the strain for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing dye pollutants.

Biosequestration, Transformation, and Volatilization of Mercury by Lysinibacillus fusiformis Isolated from Industrial Effluent

In the present study, an efficient mercury-tolerant bacterial strain (RS-5) was isolated from heavy-metalcontaminated industrial effluent. Under shake flask conditions, 97% of the supplemented mercuric chloride was sequestered by the biomass of RS-5 grown in a tryptone soy broth. The sequestered mercuric ions were transformed inside the bacterial cells, as an XRD analysis of the biomass confirmed the formation of mercurous chloride, which is only feasible following the reaction of the elemental mercury and the residual mercuric chloride present within the cells. Besides the sequestration and intracellular transformation, a significant fraction of the mercury (63%) was also volatilized. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RS-5 revealed its phylogenetic relationship with the family Bacillaceae, and a 98% homology with Lysinibacillus fusiformis, a Gram-positive bacterium with swollen sporangia. This is the first observation of the sequestration and volatilization of mercuric ions by Lysinibacillus sp.

Transformation of malathion by Lysinibacillus sp. isolated from soil

An axenic bacterial strain, Lysinibacillus sp. KB1, was isolated from malathion-contaminated soil. It tolerated malathion up to 0.15% and, under aerobic conditions, utilized it as sole carbon source. 20% malathion and 47% malaoxon were degraded out of the initially provided malathion. Two metabolites, mal-monocarboxylic acid and mal-dicarboxylic acid, were detected within 7days at 30°C. Esterase activity of the strain was 240±2.5U/ml after 7days of growth. Sterilized soil mixed with malathion showed rapid degradation of malathion when inoculated with strain KB1 as compared to the uninoculated soil.

Decolorization and degradation of azo dye – Reactive Violet 5R by an acclimatized indigenous bacterial mixed cultures-SB4 isolated from anthropogenic dye contaminated soil

Azo dyes an important group of synthetic compounds are recalcitrant xenobiotics. Conventional technologies are unsuccessful to efficiently remove these compounds from contaminated environment. However, consorted metabolic functioning of innate microbial communities is a promising approach for bioremediation of polluted environment. Bacterial mixed cultures SB4 proficient in complete decolorization of azo dye – Reactive Violet 5R was developed through culture enrichment technique. Bacterial community composition based on 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that mixed cultures SB4 composed of six bacterial strains namely Bacillus sp. V1DMK, Lysinibacillus sp. V3DMK, Bacillus sp. V5DMK, Bacillus sp. V7DMK, Ochrobacterium sp. V10DMK, Bacillus sp. V12DMK. SB4 grew well in minimal medium containing low amount of glucose and yeast extract (YE) (1g/L) and decolorized 200mg/L of RV5 within 18h under static condition. Mixed cultures SB4 decolorized wide range of azo dyes and maximum rate of decolorization was observed at 37°C and pH 7.0. Decolorization efficiency was found to be unaltered under high RV5 and salt concentration where 1500mg/L of RV5 was decolorized in presence of 20g/L NaCl. We propose the asymmetric cleavage of RV5 and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), NMR and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) confirmed the formation of four intermediatory compounds 1-diazo-2-naphthol, 4-hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid, 2-naphthol and benzenesulphonic acid.

Decolorization of sulfonated azo dye Metanil Yellow by newly isolated bacterial strains: Bacillus sp. strain AK1 and Lysinibacillus sp. strain AK2

Two different bacterial strains capable of decolorizing a highly water soluble azo dye Metanil Yellow were isolated from dye contaminated soil sample collected from Atul Dyeing Industry, Bellary, India. The individual bacterial strains Bacillus sp. AK1 and Lysinibacillus sp. AK2 decolorized Metanil Yellow (200 mg L −1) completely within 27 and 12 h respectively. Various parameters like pH, temperature, NaCl and initial dye concentrations were optimized to develop an economically feasible decolorization process. The maximum concentration of Metanil Yellow (1000 mg L −1) was decolorized by strains AK2 and AK1 within 78 and 84 h respectively. These strains could decolorize Metanil Yellow over a broad pH range 5.5–9.0; the optimum pH was 7.2. The decolorization of Metanil Yellow was most efficient at 40 °C and confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, TLC, HPLC and GC/MS analysis. Further, both the strains showed the involvement of azoreductase in the decolorization process. Phytotoxicity studies of catabolic products of Metanil Yellow on the seeds of chick pea and pigeon pea revealed much reduction in the toxicity of metabolites as compared to the parent dye. These results indicating the effectiveness of strains AK1 and AK2 for the treatment of textile effluents containing azo dyes.

Biodegradation of fomesafen by strain Lysinibacillus sp. ZB-1 isolated from soil

The fomesafen degrading bacterium ZB-1 was isolated from contaminated agricultural soil, and identified as Lysinibacillus sp. based on the comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene. The strain could utilize fomesafen as the sole carbon source for growth, and the total degradation rate was 81.32% after 7 d of inoculation in mineral salts medium. Strain ZB-1 could also degrade other diphenyl ethers including lactofen and fluoroglycofen. The optimum temperature for fomesafen degradation by strain ZB-1 was 30 °C. The effect of fomesafen concentration on degradation was also examined. Cell-free extract of strain ZB-1 was able to degrade fomesafen and other diphenyl ethers. Metabolism of fomesafen was accompanied by a transient accumulation of a metabolite identified as [N-[4-{4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy}-2-methanamidephenyl]acetamide] using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, thus indicating a metabolic pathway involving reduction, acetylation of nitro groups and dechlorination. The inoculation of strain ZB-1 to soil treated with fomesafen resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soil regardless of the soil sterilized or nonsterilized.