Lymphangioma Research Articles

Rare Yet Relevant: Adult Onset Cervical Lymphangioma - Our Experience and Comprehensive Review.

Cervical lymphangiomas are anomalies that arise from lymphatic vessels, characterized by gradual and painless growth. While predominantly located in the neck, they may also manifest in the axilla, mediastinum, groin, and abdominal organs. Cervical lymphangioma usually occurs in children and is relatively rare in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cervical lymphangiomas in adults. We reviewed the medical records and analysed clinical data obtained from fifteen adult patients who suffered from cervical lymphangioma and were operated from January 2021 to January 2023. Out of 15 cases, 73.3% were females and 26.7% were males. All tumours were unilaterally located. Five patients had prior history of associated dyspnoea / dysphagia. All 15 cervical lymphangiomas (100%) were adjacent to the carotid sheath .Tumour size ranged from 6cm to 15cm, with the maximum diameter of ≥ 15cm in two cases, between 6cm and 10cm in eight cases and less than 6cm in five cases. Further, in this study all cervical lymphangiomas were surgically excised. Postoperative courses were uneventful, and histo-pathological examinations confirmed all cases to be cystic lymphangiomas. A 6 -month follow-up in all 15 cases showed no recurrences. Overall, this study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons in the management of adult cervical lymphangiomas, with an emphasis on accurate diagnosis, appropriate classification, and tailored treatment strategies to optimize patient outcomes and minimize complications.

The Study on Lymphatic Cysts Caused by Lymphadenectomy

<i>Background</i>: Traumatic lymphatic cyst, also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a multidisciplinary disease, with congenital lymphatic cysts being more common. Lymphatic cysts lack specific clinical manifestations, and the vast majority of cases are incidentally discovered during auxiliary examinations or surgeries, making diagnosis challenging. Surgery is the most effective treatment for this condition, with a favorable prognosis. Lymphatic cysts caused by lymphatic injury are clinically rare. This study theoretically analyzes the clinical characteristics of lymphatic cysts resulting from lymphatic injury. <i>Objective</i>: To explore the mechanisms by which lymphatic injury leads to lymphatic cyst formation and provide guidance for clinical treatment measures. <i>Methods</i>: The study involves analyzing the principles of lymphatic injury and examining the process of lymphatic cystic transformation and cyst formation. <i>Results</i>: The causes of lymphatic injury include mechanical cutting, thermal energy conduction from electrocautery, needle puncture, and trauma. <i>Conclusion</i>: There are various mechanisms and causes of lymphatic injury, and lymphatic injury is common during surgery. When lymphatic vessels are identified during surgery, they should be managed similarly to blood vessel ligation and disconnection. Lymphatic cysts are prone to recurrence, and complete resection is an effective treatment for this condition. Puncture and subtotal resection have a high recurrence rate.

Retroperitoneal lymphangioma in a tertiary care hospital of North India

Less than 200 cases of retroperitoneal lymphangiomas (RL), a rare type of benign cystic tumour of the lymphatic system that makes about 1% of all lymphangiomas, have been documented to date. Their rarity makes preoperative diagnosis challenging. 95% of lymphangiomas are found in the head, neck, and axilla where they are most frequently found. We are presenting a 30 years old woman, who presented to outpatient department (OPD) of general surgery with symptoms of recurrent left lumbar pain, radiating towards inguinal region for one month. The contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen and pelvis defined a large thin walled homogenous non enhancing hypodense cystic lesion in left side of abdomen in retroperitoneal location from left lobe of liver till pelvis on left side craniocaudally. The patient was planned for exploratory laparotomy. Midline laparotomy was performed. A cystic lymph-filled tumour was detected in the abdominal cavity adjacent to the bowel loops. Histologically the mass contained variable-sized cystic spaces lined by flattened endothelium consistent with lymphatic vessels, which on immunostaining were positive for CD31 and negative for Pan CK. The patient was discharged satisfactorily. In conclusion, retroperitoneal lymphangioma presents vaguely as abdominal pain or mass and grown to large sizes without causing any significant symptom. Tumour markers for the excised tissue are important for diagnosis. Laparotomy or laparoscopy are the two surgical excision methods used to treat retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma and it responds well to excision.

Cystic lymphangiomas of the cecal cause intussusception in adults

Lymphangiomas are rare benign lymphatic malformations. Even though these neoplasms can arise from any location and age, most of them are dominant in the head and neck of children. On the other hand, lymphangiomas are exceedingly rare in adults, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal tract lymphangiomas account for only about 1% of lymphatic malformations. Although there have been increasing cases of gastrointestinal lymphangiomas reported in recent years, cecal lymphangiomas causing intussusception in adults are rarely mentioned. In this article, we report a 27-year-old female patient with cecal lymphangiomas detected by imaging modalities and confirmed via postoperative histopathological examination.

Cervical Cystic Lymphangioma in Young Adults: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. It usually presents in childhood and rarely in young adults. Its management lacks consensus, and its prognosis varies depending on the location. We report a case of cervical cystic lymphangioma in a young adult with chronic left lateral cervical swelling. Examination revealed a high jugulocarotid swelling, non-pulsatile, and transilluminable. Radiographic exploration suggested a cystic lymphangioma. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent a sclerotherapy session, followed by surgical excision. Our case illustrates a rare presentation of cervical cystic lymphangioma in a young adult and aims to increase awareness of this rare entity and provide literature insights into its diagnosis and treatment in adult patients.

Diagnostic Approach of Mesenteric Cyst in Children: A Case Report

Background: Mesenteric cysts are intra-abdominal masses that arise from obstructed lymphatic drainage within the mesentery. Early diagnosis can be challenging, as it is often difficult to recognize based solely on clinical findings. The diagnosis is frequently made following imaging studies or during surgery. Despite their generally benign nature, delayed diagnosis can lead to serious complications. This case report aims to share our experience on the diagnostic approach for mesenteric cysts in children. Case: A 2-year-old boy presented with a 14-month history of slowly progressive abdominal distension and signs of bowel obstruction, including weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed thin-walled, well-demarcated, septated fluid sacs consistent with a cyst. Abdominal CT-Scan showed massive ascites filling the intraperitoneal cavity and pushing the intestine upward along the thickened mesentery, causing bowel obstruction. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cyst lymphangioma derived from mesentery. The cyst was successfully excised via laparotomy, and histological examination confirmed it as a cystic lymphangioma. Discussion: Our diagnostic approach focused on exclusion of differential diagnosis for abdominal distention in children, including ascites, abdominal tuberculosis, mesenteric cysts, and intra-abdominal masses. The absence of constitutional symptoms and lack of response to anti-tuberculosis therapy made it an unlikely diagnosis. While the CT-scan suggested ascites, the ultrasound results suggested a mesenteric cyst. Despite its large size, a complete excision of the cyst was successfully performed via laparotomy. Conclusion: The nonspecific nature of mesenteric cysts often delays diagnosis, making abdominal ultrasound an essential initial imaging modality for patients suspected of having this condition.

Cystic Lymphangioma of the Breast in a 4 Year Old: Case Report

Cystic lymphangioma, also known as cystic hygroma, is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system characterized by congenital blockage of lymphatic channels or sequestered lymphatic sacs. They are frequently observed in childhood, yet their occurrence in the breast is exceedingly uncommon and is more frequently seen in adults, with only a small number of cases documented in children. We report a case of a 4-year-old female who presented with a large right breast lump which has progressively developed since birth and was diagnosed as mammary cystic lymphangioma after local excision. There was no recurrence of the lesion at the 1 year follow-up.

Gallbladder fossa lymphangioma encasing the common bile duct: a case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Lymphangiomas are rare low-flow lymphatic vessel malformations mostly diagnosed in childhood. Among the abdominal lymphangiomas, the gallbladder lymphangioma is a rare presentation, and only a few cases have been reported till date, of which majority were cystic lymphangiomas. Case presentation: The authors present a case of a 48-year-old female with abdominal pain and normal physical examination and laboratory findings. On the performed imaging, a multiloculated cystic lesion, located in the gallbladder fossa, was found. The patient underwent open cholecystectomy, and surprisingly, the cyst extended to the common bile duct, which was separated cautiously. The cyst was resected, and the histopathological findings confirmed cystic lymphangioma. Conclusion: The cystic lymphangioma of the gallbladder can be asymptomatic, although most of the literature has reported abdominal pain. The diagnosis of lymphangioma is complicated, especially when intra-cystic hemorrhage happens. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are usually performed. The surgical excision of the cyst and the gallbladder is the treatment of choice. Although bile duct involvement is extremely rare, it should be considered during the surgery.

Cystic lymphangioma of the breast

It usually presents as a painless, soft, and movable mass in the breast. We report the case of an 8- year-old girl admitted for breast cystic lymphangioma (BCL) progressively increasing in size. Medical treatment with hydrocortisone injection did not yield results, hence the decision to operate on the patient.

CYSTIC INGUINAL LYNFHANGIOMA IN ADULT FEMALE

Abstract Background To present a clinical case of cystic inguinal lymphangioma in an adult female, an atypical site and age of presentation. Method A 42-year-old woman was referred for consultation due to persistent pain and swelling in the right inguinal region, with initial suspicion of inguinal hernia. A mobile, irreducible mass without protrusion during the Valsalva maneuver was identified. Faced with diagnostic uncertainty, inguinal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were requested, revealing a cystic lesion indicative of cystic inguinal lymphangioma. Results Elective surgery was decided. A right inguinal incision revealed a cystic tumor extending along the inguinal canal from the labium majus to the preperitoneal space. Complete excision was performed, requiring section of the round ligament. Subsequently, closure of the deep inguinal ring was conducted, with the conjoint tendon approximated to the inguinal ligament using a continuous suture of slowly absorbable monofilament. Hernioplasty with self-adhesive polypropylene mesh was employed to repair the inguinal defect. The procedure was carried out in the ambulatory major surgery program. At the one-month post-surgery follow-up, the patient exhibited satisfactory recovery with no signs of clinical recurrence. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of cystic inguinal lymphangioma, with no additional pathological findings. Conclusion Cystic lymphangioma is a benign and uncommon malformation of the lymphatic system. It should be considered in cases of inguinal masses with progressive growth whose examination is not consistent with an inguinal hernia. Ultrasound is the imaging test of choice, with definitive diagnosis confirmed by histopathology. Surgery with complete resection is recommended due to the risk of recurrence.

A Case of Atypical Cystic Lymphangioma with Fatty Content

Cystic lymphangioma is a congenital anomaly typically detected in early childhood. It predominantly affects the cervical region but can also manifest in other areas such as the mesentery, omentum, and retroperitoneum. Complications, influenced by the lesion's location and size, underscore the critical need for early diagnosis to prevent potential abdominal complications like mesenteric ischemia, volvulus, and bowel obstruction. While radiological imaging may raise suspicion, histological examination remains the definitive diagnostic approach. Treatment primarily involves surgical excision. Here, we present a case of an intra- and retroperitoneal cystic lesion with fatty content on CT and MRI, initially suggestive of either a modified cystic lymphangioma or a teratoma. Subsequent histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma.

The Breast-Pectoralis Flap: A New Advance in Autologous Breast Reconstruction-A Preliminary Report on 20 Cases.

In the past, several publications have described breast reconstruction techniques that utilize the contralateral breast; however, interest diminished because of technical difficulty, scarring, and poor aesthetic results. This study aimed to present a new breast reconstruction technique that uses a combination of the breast-pectoralis flap and the abdominal advancement flap. This retrospective study analyzed the results and complications of 20 consecutive breast reconstructions with the breast-pectoralis flap technique. The authors present a series of 20 breast reconstructions that utilized the breast-pectoralis flap. Delayed breast reconstruction was performed in 13 cases (65%), breast reconstruction in 5 patients (25%) with Poland syndrome, sequela correction after a chest wall sarcoma in 1 patient (5%), and sequela correction after breast cystic lymphangioma resection in 1 patient (5%). One complication required surgical reintervention without long-term consequences. The outcomes were considered very good in 50% of the cases, good in 45%, and fair in 5%. The combination of the breast-pectoralis flap and the abdominal advancement flap is an interesting advance in breast reconstruction. Evaluation of the presented cases suggests wider indications for this technique.

Cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery: a case report

Cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery is a rare benign malformative tumor of the lymphatic vessels. Mesenteric lymphangioma is predominantly encountered during infancy, yet in uncommon instances, it can manifest in adults. Their clinical expression is polymorphic but nonspecific. Diagnosis is suggested by radiology but only histological examination will confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is surgical and the prognosis is good. Complete resection should be performed whenever possible. Intracystic sclerotherapy is possible for unresectable lymphangiomas. The rarity of these tumors, their diagnostic challenges, and the fact that this case involves an adult patient, prompted us to report the following observation.

Mort subite pédiatrique : le cas d’une association de diagnostics rares

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare, benign and congenital malformation of the lymphatic vessels. It is usually found in the cervix or axilla. Abdominal localization is rare, most often mesenteric or omental, more rarely retroperitoneal, but it may be ubiquitary (except for the brain). The symptoms are nonspecific and the diagnosis may be difficult.We report the rare case of a 2 years and 7 months old child who died suddenly at home and whose forensic autopsy revealed a huge cystic and hemorrhagic lymphangioma of the greater omentum. The histological analysis revealed otherwise the existence of an arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

A giant cystic lymphangioma of the abdominal body wall in a child

A giant cystic lymphangioma of the abdominal body wall in a child

Laparoscopic management of an adult abdominal cystic lymphangioma presenting as a retroperitoneal mass with sepsis

Abdominal cystic lymphangiomas are rare entities that can manifest as retroperitoneal cystic lesions, presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Managing these cases often requires laparotomy, laparoscopy, or percutaneous intervention, with outcomes varying in terms of success. Here, we present a case of an infected abdominal cystic lymphangioma that was successfully managed through laparoscopy, following thorough preoperative planning.

A Rare Case of Cornelia De Lange Syndrome

An 8-year-old female child was referred to our Cleft and Craniofacial centre, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, after being diagnosed with cleft palate and hyper nasal speech. She is the first child born from a non- consanguineous marriage with a birth weight of 2.6 kg. Following her, a girl and a boy were born and exhibited no apparent abnormalities. Both parents maintain a normal status, and there is no history of deformities in their family lineage. The patient underwent a typical vaginal delivery and was born at full term. At the time of birth, the child was differentially diagnosed with a neurogenic tumour in the occipital region of the skull. The child was not treated for the growth in the occiput. Patient had growth retardation, global developmental delays and features of facial dysmorphism like microcephaly, bushy and uni eyebrow, long eyelashes, low set ears, small nose, concave nasal bridge, and hirsutism. The child was subjected to an MRI brain scan in our unit and it suggested a hyperechoic lesion in the midline at C3, C4 level with an impression of Arnold Chiari malformation. Clinically, on palpation of the lesion, it approximately measured 4x3 cm, soft in consistency and the lesion hardened while coughing or sneezing and regressed back to normalcy within a few minutes. USG abdomen was done and a well-defined hypoechoic dumbbell shaped bilobed solid lesion with smooth margins with no significant vascularity was noted in the gastrohepatic region. Echocardiogram was done and it ruled out cardiac anomalies like patent ductus arteriosus or coarctation of aorta. Inspection of the oral cavity was done to diagnose the cleft of the secondary palate. (Fig. 1) Based on all features in examination and investigation, a diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome was made. The surgery was planned after a routine blood workup. The child was advised for CECT of abdomen to confirm the USG findings of abdominal anomalies, however, the report suggested cystic lymphangioma. (Fig. 2) Fitness for palatoplasty surgery was obtained from paediatrician, paediatric surgeon, neurosurgeon, cardiologist and anaesthesiologist. Under antibiotic cover, the child was operated under general anaesthesia for palatoplasty by Sommerlad’s technique. (Fig. 3 & 4) The post-operative period was uneventful.

A rare case of intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma: a case report

An intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumour in adults' uncommon location, originating from lymphatic vessels. Here we present the rare case of 73 year old female presented with right upper abdominal pain, routine blood and radiological investigations done with contrast CT scan showed gastro intestinal stromal tumour over 2nd part of duodenum posteriorly, electively operated and solid cystic mass excised, histopathology showed cystic lymphangioma. The rare looking cystic mass in rare location showing gist/hydatid cyst on CT scan surgical excision showed cystic lymphangioma, where treatment is to excise the mass to prevent recurrence or complications.

Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in adult female

Abstract One percent of all lymphangiomas are retroperitoneal lymphangiomas, which are uncommon benign cystic lymphatic tumors. Lymphangioma mainly occurs in the age group of <2 years. This report describes retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in a 29-year-old female. She had a complaint of abdominal pain in the right lower region. The provisional diagnosis based on computed tomography scan was retroperitoneal mass. By en bloc, resection cyst was completely removed.

Intestinal cystic lymphangioma.

A 7-year-old girl, coming from a rural area in Cameroon, presented to the emergency department with a 3-months history of abdominal pain. Her family also reported vomiting and minimal food intake for two weeks. Physical examination showed a palpable and mobile abdominal mass. An ultrasound showed a large intrabdominal multicystic lesion of about 10cm, close to the intestine and with no solid lesions in other organs. A laparotomy was scheduled and a mobile mass dependent on the jejunum was found. The mass caused an intestinal obstruction and was composed of several large cysts with whitish fluid. Excision of the mass and resection of a short segment of small bowel were performed. Intestinal cystic lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation that normally presents with abdominal pain and distension. Abdominal ultrasonography is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis. Intestinal resection and anastomosis (while the cyst is normally intimate attached to the bowel) is an effective treatment.