Lublin Voivodeship Research Articles

Society of Eastern Poland in Light of the Use of Hotels Providing Pro-Environmental Activities

The aim of the study is to analyse the attitudes of the society of Eastern Poland (Lublin voivodeship, Podkarpackie voivodeship and Podlaskie voivodeship) towards a range of hotels that declare the pro-ecological activities in their offer. Efforts have been made to identify barriers to higher prices for respondents from the surveyed regions as an increased cost of protecting the environment. The paper presents the hypothesis: on the market of accommodation services in Eastern Poland there are groups of tourists who, when booking an accommodation, pay attention to the environmental aspects of hotel operations, including the ISO 14001 certificate, an economical energy policy and a rational waste policy in the hotel. To achieve the intended purpose, the study used the method of a diagnostic survey with a research tool in the form of an original questionnaire that provided necessary data. The study was conducted from May to October 2017 among residents of Eastern Poland (0.02 % the population of residents in Lublin voivodeship, Podkarpackie voivodeship and Podlaskie voivodeship) using hotel accommodation services. The discriminant function analysis was used for statistical calculation. Among the population of Eastern Poland aged over 60, the interest in choosing a hotel that conducts pro-environmental activities is low. As many as 25.89 % of them are not able to pay a higher price for an accommodation in a hotel that conducts activities and investments in the field of environmental protection. This is mainly due to the low income of this social group. However, in groups of younger Poles from the Eastern Poland Region, the lower the age range, the fewer people would refuse to additionally pay for a service in a hotel that pursues pro-ecological policy. Eastern Poles up to 30 years old are more environmentally conscious. As many as 86.31 % of them are able to pay up higher price for a night in an ecofriendly hotel. At the same time, these people generate a greater demand for the services of ecological hotels. The significant statistical factors in choosing an ecofriendly hotel by guests from Eastern Poland were: the preparation of meals from organic products, running a cost-effective energy policy and having the ISO 14001 certificate. However, the statistically significant barriers were: low income related of consumers from Eastern Poland, lack of knowledge about environmental activities in hotels, no promotion of ecological hotels, to desire to purchase the cheapest accommodation by guests.

Uwięziony, wysunięty na czoło, zganiony, awansowany… Meandry kariery politycznej Tadeusza Dudy, działacza partyjnego i urzędnika państwowego

The article describes the life of Tadeusz Duda, a 20th-century politician and official from the Lublin region, who, among others, headed the Office of Internal Affairs at the Presidium of the Provincial National Council in Lublin and sat in the Presidiums of the County National Councils in Lubartów and Biała Podlaska. Hence he was a significant figure in the regional authorities in the Lublin Voivodeship and he certainly should be seen as a representative of the ruling elite in People's Poland. The stranger is that it remains virtually unknown. This happened probably because he was unlucky for some time to fall out of favor with the ruling party as a result of being punished twice by disciplinary penalties by the party control committees of the Polish Workers’ Party and the Polish United Workers’ Party – sort of party courts. It was important not only because of the role played by those parties, on which the status and social position of citizens depended, but also because he was with them (and with their ideological predecessor, the Communist Union of Polish Youth) ideologically and professionally connected from his youth – as an employee of the full-time party apparatus at the poviat and voivodeship level (including secretary of the Poviat Committee of the PPR in Lubartów). The blame for the punishments imposed on him, was partly borne by himself, by making such and no other decisions, partly by people who had personal quarrels with him. However, the determination he showed in the fight to regain his good name meant that he finally managed to obtain the desired higher education and take an important position in the provincial state administration.

Spatiotemporal Assessment and Meteorological Determinants of Atmospheric Drought in Agricultural Areas of East-Central Poland

Atmospheric drought is an extremely important issue on a global, regional and local scale, especially in the context of climate change. The aim of the study was to assess the spatiotemporal variation of atmospheric (meteorological) drought in agricultural areas of east-central Poland, represented by the Lublin Voivodeship (Lublin region) in 1971–2015. Average monthly air temperatures and monthly precipitation totals recorded over the 45-year period at 25 weather stations were used in the study. The assessment of spatiotemporal variation in atmospheric drought in the study area was based on calculations of the aridity index. The analysis showed an increase in the severity of atmospheric drought in the Lublin region, with intensification of this phenomenon in the last two decades, especially in the warmer half of the year (April, June–August). The main cause of drought in the Lublin region was identified as a statistically significant increase in air temperature (on average, from 0.4 °C to 0.7 °C/10 years in April, July and August, and from 0.2 °C to 0.5 °C/10 years in June) together with the absence of changes in precipitation in the warmer half of the year. This may be linked to some increase in the frequency of high-pressure circulation types, both non-directional and advection from the south. Due to the worsening problem of drought in Poland in recent years, especially in agriculture, there is a need for further research on this subject and for solutions aimed at optimizing agricultural use of the productive environment.

Ceremonial events at non-sites of memory: Seven framings of a difficult past

Abstract: The author discusses uncommemorated and under-remembered sites of past violence in terms of the conditions of their transformation into memory sites. Commemorative ceremonies, which may be staged at non-sites of memory, are presented as affective media of memory and identity, demonstrating social responses to the sites, as well as placing the local past in the context of supra-local memory forms. The argument is grounded in the material gathered from fieldwork during the research project on uncommemorated sites of genocide in Poland and, predominantly, in a detailed case study of a ceremony witnessed by the author in 2016 in Radecznica (Lublin Voivodship) at a burial site of victims of the “Holocaust by bullets”. In the article the discourse of speeches delivered during the ceremony is analyzed, on the assumption that they can reveal rules of national Polish memory culture dictating what may be commemorated and how cultural mechanisms have a power to hinder commemoration. As a result, seven distinctive framings of past events that kept returning in subsequent speeches were identified and interpreted as “memory devices” that enable and facilitate recollection, but also mark out the limits of what can be remembered and passed on.

Latent tuberculosis infection in the Polish prison staff

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by acid-fast mycobacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group. The disease spreads when people with pulmonary tuberculosis excrete bacteria when they cough, sneeze, laugh or speak. Prisons are often called reservoirs of patients with tuberculosis, posing a great threat to their staff. Longer working hours in prison and penitentiary facilities aid latent contamination among the prison staff. So far, there have been few works discussing latent tuberculosis infection issues among the prisoners and prison staff. A total of 84 employees of penitentiary facilities located in the Lublin Voivodship were examined using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test which was approved for use in 2005 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an aid in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The material for the research included blood samples collected using the QFT-GIT. Positive test results of latent tuberculosis infections were found in 16.6% of officers. The highest percentage with positive results of tuberculosis infections was found among the surveyed single women aged 36-57, working in penitentiary facilities. There have been no statistically significant differences between the position of officers and the risk factors increasing the chance of the latent tuberculosis infection. Work experience and contact with inmates were found to have an impact on tuberculosis infection. The obtained results partially confirm other authors' observations concerning the influence of the risk factors of latent tuberculosis infections in prisons. Work experience and contact with inmates have an impact on tuberculosis infections among the prison staff in the Lublin Voivodeship. Med Pr. 2021;72(4):415-22.

До типології мовних ситуацій в історичній соціолінгвістиці. Мовна ситуація на Холмщині та Підляшші в 1815–1915 рр

The article seeks to study a new period in the typological characteristics of language situations related to the functions of the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the article is to analyze the changes in the language situation and the causal interaction of social functions of languages used by the indigenous Ukrainian population on the outskirts of ethnically Ukrainian territory of Kholmshchyna and Pidliashshia in 1815–1915. In order to reach this goal, the author reveals the political factors that led to a variety of language situations, communicative practices, and assimilation processes. The analysis is based on the results of interdisciplinary research on the history, politics, and culture of Kholmshchyna and Pidliashshia, as well as the works on historical sociolinguistics. The sources of analysis include travel records, memoirs, and documents, to which the method of sociolinguistic interpretation and reinterpretation is applied, as well as comparative and biographical methods, elements of discourse analysis. The results testify to three geopolitical influences that changed the directions of development of the language situation: the transition of territories within the Kingdom of Poland to the Russian Empire in 1815; military actions on the territory of Kholmshchyna and Pidliashshia during the First World War in 1914– 1915; the arrival of the new occupation authorities in 1915. In early 20th century, there was a decrease in the number of native speakers of the Ukrainian language: after the permitted conversion from Orthodoxy to the Roman Catholic faith under the tsarist law of 1905 and in connection with the deportation in 1915. Communicative practices of Ukrainians in different spheres of life included a combination of languages: colloquial Ukrainian and Polish, literary Polish, Russian and occasionally Ukrainian, Church Slavonic with Ukrainian and Russian pronunciations, and the German language. Based on the assimilative interaction of the languages, it might be suggested that the life of Ukrainians took place in the face of Polonization. This was particularly a manifestation of the resistance of the Polish and non-Polish population to the tsarist government as an occupation after the uprisings of 1831 and 1863–64, and after 1875, and Russification as a result of the planned conversion of Greek Catholics to Orthodoxy, the creation of new educational institutions and separation on the basis of Lublin and Siedlce Voivodeships

Changes in Selected Aspects of Environmental Management: The Case of Natura 2000 in South-Eastern Poland

Purpose: The aim of the study was to check whether in recent years there have been changes affecting selected, important aspects of managing Natura 2000 areas at the local level towards their more effective protection, and whether the attitude of local authorities to these forms of protection as a potential factor stimulating the socio-economic development of communes is changing. Design/Methodology/Approach: The panel study included a group of people managing the work of local governments in 87 municipalities located in the Lublin Voivodeship in south-eastern Poland. All these administrative units are characterized by the presence of Natura 2000 areas. The method of a diagnostic survey based on a questionnaire was used. The form contained closed-ended questions, one of the proposed options had to be selected at each point. The answers were assigned an appropriate score and statistically tested using the signs test based on the Bernoulli binomial distribution. Findings: As a result, positive changes from the point of view of nature conservation were found, such as: an increase in the number of officials with appropriate education and substantive preparation, possession by local governments of newer documentation in the field of nature inventory, increasing the frequency of carrying out environmental impact assessments and a more favorable attitude of commune mayors to the presence of Natura 2000 areas in the context of its impact on local development. At the same time, there has been a deterioration in the timeliness of spatial development studies on which local development plans are based. Practical Implications: The conclusions of the study can be used primarily by institutions responsible for the development and implementation of environmental policy. In particular, mechanisms should be taken to encourage local self-government authorities to even greater involvement in various activities for the protection of natural resources. Originality/Value: The article indicates the trends of changes in the management of protected natural values at the lowest local government level. These changes will gain in importance with the implementation of formal Natura 2000 protection plans.

Obraz matki i obraz ojca w percepcji młodzieży przebywającej w placówkach opiekuńczo- -wychowawczych typu socjalizacyjnego

<p><strong>Wprowadzenie: </strong>Gdy rodzina przestaje wypełniać swe funkcje, nie sprzyja rozwojowi swoich członków, a wszelkie możliwe działania na rzecz integralności rodziny okażą się bezskuteczne, konieczne staje się umieszczenie dziecka w środowisku zastępczym. Dla rozwoju wychowanka domu dziecka ogromne znaczenie ma obraz rodziców jaki istnieje w jego świadomości, gdyż odgrywa on istotną rolę w regulacji stosunków jednostki ze światem, a także ukierunkowuje pracę z rodziną.</p><p><strong>Cel badań</strong>: Celem podjętych badań jest diagnoza obrazu matki i ojca w percepcji młodzieży wychowującej się w domu dziecka.</p><p><strong>Metoda badań</strong>: W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Wzięło w nich udział 67 wychowanków domów dziecka z województwa lubelskiego oraz 66 osób wychowujących się w pełnych rodzinach własnych.</p><p><strong>Wyniki: </strong>Obraz rodziców u sierot społecznych jest mniej korzystny niż u młodzieży wychowującej się w domu rodzinnym. Ponadto ocena postaw rodzicielskich ojca, jego akceptacja oraz postawy wobec niego są istotnie mniej korzystne w grupie młodzieży z domów dziecka.</p><p><strong>Wnioski:</strong> Istnieje potrzeba profesjonalnej diagnozy obrazu rodziny wychowanka domu dziecka, zapewniająca właściwe ukierunkowanie pracy wychowawczej i terapeutycznej z dzieckiem i z rodziną.</p>

Pomoc ludności województwa lubelskiego w przygotowaniach do plebiscytów

The population of the Lublin Voivodeship assisted the areas where the plebiscites were to take place in many ways. Launching this form of assistance was related above all to the outbreaks of further Silesian uprisings. However, the help was not only offered to Upper Silesia as raising money for the plebiscite in Warmia and Masuria also took place. The Lublin Voivodeship area was also engaged in the search for persons qualified to take part in the plebiscites.

A Proposed Land Exchange Algorithm for Eliminating the External Plot Patchwork

In many countries of the world, rural areas are characterized by a defective spatial structure of agricultural land. The most frequent defects are large fragmentation and distribution of farmland. The fragmentation of land has been an issue widely described by many authors throughout the world. The problem of the distribution of land owned by individual farmers is slightly different, since due to the complexity of the problem this issue was not widely explored in Poland (plot patchwork) or in other countries of Europe and the world. Land fragmentation and distribution of plots in rural areas has a negative effect on the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation and exchange is an operation facilitating spatial structure improvement. The authors attempted to develop a universal land exchange algorithm for eliminating the external plot patchwork. As it turns out, so far no land exchange algorithm has been developed. Specific analyses were carried out in Puchaczów commune, county of Łęczna, Lublin voivodeship in the eastern part of Poland, covering an area of 6907.80 ha, split into 15,211 plots. The chequerboard arrays method was used. The publication presents the algorithm and its practical application using a test sample. A result of the studies is a proposal concerning the exchange of land between landowners in the villages of the commune of Puchaczów. Using the algorithm, the area of individual lands in the commune, after the exchange, will increase by 172.09 ha, which is 2.5% for the area of individual lands, and 1.9% for the commune.

РОЛЬ ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНИХ ПАРКІВ ДЛЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The paper presents the operations and functional models of industrial parks as important components of territorial development in Poland, in particular the development of rural areas. It includes the data on the number of industrial parks in Poland. It also reviews the literature related to this topic. The aim and the objectives of this study are to analyze the most efficient functional models of industrial parks in Poland, in particular those located in the border region (Lublin voivodeship). We believe that their experience is the most appropriate for implementation in Ukrainian realities. Industrial parks are presented as a form of cooperation under fair competition. The paper identifies their place in regional development policy. It is worth noting that this cooperation is the most efficient when it is limited to the regional level. Its purpose is to coordinate the activities of economic, political, and academic regional interest groups. The paper reviews the influence of industrial parks on the competitiveness of the regional economy. It also identifies the prerequisites of their successful development. The examples of different models of industrial parks that operate in Poland are presented. The successful example of the Lublin Science and Technology Park, established in 2005 in the Lublin Voivodeship (Poland), is reviewed in detail. Its model is exceptional and relevant for Ukraine. Most industrial parks in Poland were founded by central government institutions. However, the park chosen for analysis was founded by the University of Life Sciences in Lublin and the self-government of the Lublin Voivodeship and the relationship between the partners was more balanced than in other industrial parks in Poland. The establishment and functioning of industrial parks have become of particular importance in Ukraine after the decentralization reform since most new hromadas (territorial communities) are not self-sustaining yet. However, the key purpose of all industrial parks, regardless of the name and profile, is to obtain innovative solutions that could have a positive impact on local and regional development in the longer run. The Triple Helix model is proposed to discuss the efficiency of industrial park operations. It describes the relationship between key institutions (participants) through the prism of stimulating economic development. The key aspect of the model is that the cooperation of businesses, academic circles, and public administration will promote the growth of innovations, entrepreneurship, and, in the long run, improve the standard of living in a region.

Nieinwazyjne i małoinwazyjne badania archeologiczne grodziska w Horbowie-Kolonii, w powiecie bialskim, w województwie lubelskim, w roku 2021

Archaeological research in Horbowo-Kolonia, Zalesie commune, Biała Podlaska district, in November 2021 was ordered by the Lublin Provincial Conservation Officer. The aim of the study was to identify better the fortified settlement included in the record of archaeological sites under the number AZP 60-88/88, site nr 10 and to put it under preservation order by entering it in the register of monuments of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Due to the limited time and season of the year, it was decided to use minimally invasive and non-invasive methods of research - modern technologies, geophysics and remote sensing. Researchers prepared a series of several dozen geological probing, geophysical prospection with the magnetic method within the fortified settlement and the „podgrodzie”, aerial photographs from the drone, as well as the generation of maps, plans and 3D models based on field measurements and LiDAR data, analysis of orthophotomaps from various periods, provided by The Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography in Warsaw (GUGiK). The research was preceded by an archival research. The site is located in the south-western part of Zalesie commune, in the central part of Biała Podlaska district, about 15 km east of Biała Podlaska. It is located at the end of a sandy deposits formed as a result of river accumulation, shaped by the waters of the Krzna River, which meandered strongly in the distant past. The local name Horbow has a topographic character and is associated with the oronyms of the type Horbek or Horby, derived from the Ukrainian word горб (horb) or the Ruthenian горб (gorb) meaning hump, a slight hill. The etymological basis of the local name Horbow upon Krzna was certainly created before the appearance of the Horbowski (Zaranek-Horbowski) family in this area, which took place at the beginning of the 15th century. Giving the Zaranek family a manor in Horbow resulted in the creation of the nickname Horbowscy, which became a commonly used surname with time. On the basis of geological probing, it was possible to distinguish 15 different types of layers at the site. Even though, the diagnosed stratigraphy gives a very general picture, it allows the researchers to plan future excavations. As it was indicated by means of trial excavations, the relics of the ramparts and moats had preserved some elements of the original construction. During the magnetic prospection, many anomalies were captured that can be considered archaeological features and traces of human activity in the Modern period. A special place in this group is encompassed by the M-1 type feature, which should be interpreted as an image of the box structure of the main (internal) rampart of the fortified settlement. What is more, the entrance gate was also located. The stronghold in Horbowo-Kolonia belongs to the group of lowland structures located in the floodplain parts of river valleys and formally represents the ring type with a double line of ramparts separated by a moat, with a narrow inter-rampart space. The circumferential length of the inner rampart was approximately 140 m, and the enclosed area amounted approximately 0.15 ha. The circumference of the external rampart was originally about 207 m. The site has various formal analogies among the fortified settlements from the tribal period, sometimes also functioning at the beginning of the state period, for example in the present-day Lublin voivodeship. The immediate hinterland of the stronghold was the part of the elevation adjacent to the east, which can be described as the „podgrodzie”. On the basis of two fragments of pottery vessels found in the „podgrodzie” and the construction of the main rampart and various formal analogies, the object should be initially dated between the 8th and 11th centuries, with an indication of the 9th–10th centuries.

Dobrostan i satysfakcja z jakości życia zawodowego młodych kobiet. Wyniki badań

<p>Uzasadnienie teoretyczne: W ostatnich latach w literaturze podkreśla się rolę dobrostanu pracowników i równowagi praca–życie, które są istotne dla satysfakcji z życia zawodowego zatrudnionych.</p><p>Cel artykułu: Zaprezentowanie poziomu dobrostanu i satysfakcji z życia zawodowego młodych kobiet w wieku od 25 do 35 lat, mieszkających w województwie lubelskim.</p><p>Metody badawcze: Kwestionariusz ankiety Easton i Van Laar. Badaniem objęto 155 kobiet w wieku od 25 do 35 lat, mieszkających w województwie lubelskim.</p><p>Główne wnioski: Efekty badań wskazują na średni poziom satysfakcji z życia zawodowego. Stwierdzono związek satysfakcji z życia zawodowego z posiadaniem dzieci oraz zajmowanym stanowiskiem. W przyszłości, wykonując badania, warto wziąć pod uwagę charakter wykonywanego przez kobiety zawodu, a nie tylko wiek czy posiadanie dzieci.</p>

Vocational and Social Activation of People with Disabilities in the Modern Labor Market – Vocational Development Centers

The article is for an overview. It presents the issues of vocational rehabilitation of people with disabilities on the example of vocational development centers. Th work is based on publications about vocational development centers from the last ten years. Th purpose of the article is to present the current state of functioning of vocational development centers as one of the contemporary forms of professional activation of disabled people in Poland. Th social, legal and organizational aspects of the activity of vocational development centers were analyzed, with particular reference to the local labor market of the Lublin Voivodeship.

Aktywizacja zawodowa i społeczna osób niepełnosprawnych na współczesnym rynku pracy – zakłady aktywności zawodowej

The article is for an overview. It presents the issues of vocational rehabilitation of people with disabilities on the example of vocational development centers. Th work is based on publications about vocational development centers from the last ten years. Th purpose of the article is to present the current state of functioning of vocational development centers as one of the contemporary forms of professional activation of disabled people in Poland. Th social, legal and organizational aspects of the activity of vocational development centers were analyzed, with particular reference to the local labor market of the Lublin Voivodeship.

Epidemiology of genitourinary trauma in lubelskie voivodeship in Poland from 2006 to 2018

IntoductionAccidents and injuries are a major challenge for modern medicine. According to EUROSTAT data from 2016, accidents were the fifth most frequent cause of death among citizens of the European Union countries. Injuries of the urogenital-tract represent about 10% of all injuries, thanks to epidemiological analysis it is possible to continuously improve the effects of their treatment.AimThe aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of urogenital-tract injuries in 2006-2018 in Poland, in the region of Lublin Voivodeship, and to compare them with other papers on a similar subject.Material and methodsThe retrospective analysis was carried out on all patients with S-T diagnosis according to ICD-9 treated in hospitals in the Lublin Voivodeship in 2006-2018. The analysis was based on statistical data collected by the National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene. There were 934 patients selected. The collected material was analyzed statistically using the STATISTICA 13.1 program.ResultsOut of 934 patients the vast majority were men (n=782, 83.73%), the remaining part of analyzed population was women (n=152, 16.27%). The average age of the analyzed group was 33 years 5 months, injuries were most common in 15-30 years old group. Mortality of urogenital-tract injuries in the analyzed group was 0.75%. The most frequent injuries were to the external genitals (55.4%) followed by renal (29.66%) and urethra (5.56%) bladder (3.43%). Urinary injuries were very rare.ConlusionsInjuries to the urogenital-tract most often involve young men. They are relatively rare and their mortality rate is low. External genital trauma is the most common injury to the urogenital-tract, while renal injury is the most common within the urinary tract. Occasionally injuries to other organs of the urinary tract occur. The main mechanism of injury is blunt but within the lower urinary tract a significant role is played by iatrogenic injuries.

Temporal Variability of Tropospheric Ozone Pollution in the Agricultural Region of Central-Eastern Poland

The aim of the study was to assess the temporal variability of tropospheric ozone pollution. The research was carried out for the agricultural region of central-eastern Poland, an area covering the Lublin Voivodeship. One-hour averages of automatic measurements of tropospheric ozone concentration in 2015–2017 were used for the study. The data were obtained from three measuring stations belonging to the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Poland. The stations were located as part of the Air Quality Monitoring System in rural communes in the north-western, central and southern parts of the Lublin Voivodeship. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the tropospheric ozone concentrations were significantly dependent on weather conditions during the years of the study. At each monitoring station, the one-hour average O3 concentrations showed a clear structure over the course of the day: they were higher in the late morning and early afternoon than in the early morning and at night. The highest O3 concentrations were observed at the Florianka measurement station, located in Roztocze National Park. This area had high forest cover and was located at the highest elevation above sea level of the three measuring stations. In the light of climate change and increasing O3 concentrations, further scientific research on atmospheric air pollution is crucial, especially in agricultural areas associated with food production.

The effect of pumpkin varieties on the content of selected toxic elements from south-eastern Poland

The purpose of the work was to determine the degree of absorption of trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Ga, Li, Pb, Rb, Sr, V) from the soil and their accumulation by different species and varieties of pumpkins. An additional aim was to estimate health risk assessment of toxic elements by HQ calculations. In species Cucurbita maxima the following pumpkin cultivars were used: Australian butter, Flat white boer, Garbo, Golden delicious, Golden nugget, Hokkaido, Solor and Zapallito de tronco. In species Cucurbita pepo the following pumpkin cultivars were used: American tondo, Baby bear, Delicata, Kakai, Kamokamo, Macaroni dumpling, Sweet dumpling, Thelma sanders, Winter luxury, and Shellless Olga. Our research showed moderate absorption for Rb, while weak for B, Sr and Ga. For most of the elements studied (Al, V, Li, Pb, Cd, As, Ba), BAC values were very low, which is why it can be stated that there is very weak absorption. According to results obtained for assessment of human health risk (HQ) caused by consumption of pumpkin, acute health risk can be characterized as low since HQ values for all investigated toxic elements did not exceed 1. The findings of this research revealed that the pumpkins grown in the county of Hrubieszów (Lublin Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland) region contain low concentrations of potentially toxic elements. Concentrations of toxic elements in pumpkins did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations regulated by EU normative document. Because acute health risk for all investigated toxic elements and its biological absorption are very low, pumpkin in the county of Hrubieszów can be a valuable and safe ingredient in the diet.

Assessment of the effect of new tourism products on the economic recovery of rural areas in the context of empirical research on selected communes of the Lublin Voivodeship

This paper presents examples of several original tourism products available in the rural areas of the Lublin Voivodship (Eastern Poland) which in the context of empirical research have contributed to the development of tourism. The primary objective is to determine how selected tourism products are created, and their role in the development of the tourism function and local development in general. The article employs the case study method and concerns four tourism products in four communes of the Lublin Voivodeship. An assessment of the effect of the created product on local development was based on research employing a diagnostic survey in the form of a questionnaire and interviews. The interviews concerned the process of the creation of a tourism product and its effects was undertaken among entrepreneurs from the tourism industry, and the questionnaire concerning the effects of the resulting tourism product on local development was addressed to residents. The survey results showed that in each of the analysed cases, the creation of the tourism product could have considerably contributed to the development of the tourism function and economic development of rural areas where such products were created. Socio-economic phenomena accompanying the development of the tourism function are perceived as positive by residents of selected communes that see the development of tourism as a chance to improve their image and improve living conditions.

Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of the Lipid Fraction of Skin-On and Skinless Fillets of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio).

Simple SummaryExamination of the proximate nutritional composition of Prussian Carp fish fillets revealed substances with health-promoting or functional properties for humans. High-value constituents, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, were higher in skin-on fillets than in skinned products, but nutritionally controversial compounds were higher in the former. Fortunately, the obtained values did not exceed the limits adopted for fresh fish and/or fish fit for consumption. This study implies that Prussian Carp can be used on a larger scale in the food industry, thereby facilitating control of the growing domestic population of this species.The aim of the study was to compare the fatty acid profile and content and the oxidative stability of the lipid fraction of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) fillets with and without skin. Carp specimens were obtained in spring from a fish farm located in the Lublin Voivodeship. The research material consisted of skin-on (n = 12) and skinless (n = 12) fillets (hand-filleted). Their chemical composition (water, ash, protein, and fat content), calorific value, and nutritional quality index (NQI) were analysed, as well as their fatty acid content and profile. The oxidative stability of the lipids was assessed on the basis of the peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and the content of the conjugated dienes and trienes (CD and CT), while determination of the degree of fat hydrolysis was based on the acid value (AV) and free fatty acids (FFA). The Carp fillet with skin contained significantly (p ≤ 0.01) more fat (by 2.69 pp) and calories (by 92.16 kJ∙100 g−1) than the skinless fillet, and over three times as much n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. In the skin-on fillet, the lipid oxidation and hydrolysis parameters were significantly higher, but did not deviate from the values specified for fresh fish and/or fish fit for consumption.