Voter Loyalty Research Articles

Understanding Voting Behavior Models: A Critical Review

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>This research aims to explore the impact of money politics on voting behavior, compliance and voter loyalty in Indonesia using literature study and desk research methods. Money politics, which involves providing material incentives to voters, has become a widespread and influential phenomenon in the electoral system in Indonesia. This study analyzes various literature and secondary data to understand how money politics influences voters' preferences, their level of compliance with candidates who provide incentives, and their loyalty to political parties or candidates.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em>The research results show that money politics has a significant influence on voting behavior, where voters who receive incentives tend to choose candidates or parties that provide these incentives. However, this influence is often temporary and does not guarantee long-term loyalty. Voter loyalty to candidates who provide incentives is also influenced by economic motivations, and voter loyalty tends to weaken due to the practice of money politics, causing them to more easily change their support in the next election if there is a more profitable offer.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em>To reduce the negative impact of money politics, this research recommends increasing political education, stricter law enforcement, and strengthening electoral institutions. A holistic approach involving the government, electoral institutions, civil society organizations and the wider community is needed to overcome this problem and strengthen democracy in Indonesia. This research provides in-depth insight into the phenomenon of money politics and offers recommendations for improving the quality of elections in Indonesia.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em>money politics, voting behavior, voter compliance, voter loyalty,</em></p>

The antecedents of voter loyalty and the mediation role of party attachment: A case study from Turkey

The primary objective of the present study is to identify the antecedents of voter loyalty, with a particular focus on the mediating role of party attachment in the relationship between inner‐self, social‐self, trust, and loyalty. Using a convenience sampling method, the data for this study were gathered from a sample of 750 voters residing in a developing European country, Turkey. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling. The results of the study demonstrate that significant and positive relationships exist between the aforementioned antecedents (i.e., inner‐self, social‐self, trust, and party attachment) and voter loyalty. Additionally, the findings suggest that party attachment acts as a mediator between the antecedents and loyalty. Drawing on these results and the existing literature on voter behavior and practice, the authors discuss methodological, theoretical, and practical implications for inner‐self, social‐self, trust, and party attachment.

Komunikasi Politik Empati dan Homofili Ganjar Pranowo

Political communication has a very important role for political actors. Various approaches to political communication can be carried out, one of which is through empathetic and homophile communication. This study aims to explore how Ganjar Pranowo implements this empathetic and homophile communication. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through literature searches, media and social media. The research results show that Ganjar Pranowo, through his empathetic and homophile communication, has succeeded in building voter loyalty. He managed to present himself as a leader who is like ordinary people.

Dynamic Partisanship: How and Why Voter Loyalties Change. By Ken Kollman and John E. Jackson. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2021. 232p. $105.00 cloth, $35.00 paper.

Dynamic Partisanship: How and Why Voter Loyalties Change. By Ken Kollman and John E. Jackson. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2021. 232p. $105.00 cloth, $35.00 paper.

Ken Kollman and John E. Jackson. Dynamic Partisanship: How and Why Voter Loyalties Change

Debates over the stability and relevance of partisanship are as old as the field of political behavior itself. Is partisanship a long-term, unmoving psychological attachment, or is it more dynamic and responsive to changes in the political environment? In Dynamic Partisanship, Kollman and Jackson ask, what if both sides of the partisan-stasis-versus-change debate are (somewhat) correct? Using advanced structural modeling techniques with time-series data, Kollman and Jackson provide us an understanding of mass partisanship that allows for both stability and change over time. Examining 50 years of data on mass partisanship across four advanced democracies (Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), the authors show that while partisanship is fairly stable across time, voters can, and do, respond to changes in party issue positioning. In this way, political parties are constrained in their behavior, as moving too far toward the extremes will have long-lasting negative effects on their electoral fortunes. Kollman and Jackson’s model of dynamic partisanship shows that partisans are not blind in their loyalty and that they will hold parties accountable if they move toward the extremes. In turn, political parties tend toward constraining their behavior to keep loyal partisans, and thus long-term partisan stability is observed in the electorate.

The role of mass media in shaping the image of a political leader on the example of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev

This article analyzes media messages regarding the activities of the second president of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev. An assessment is made on the formation and transformation of the president's image based on scientific literature on this topic and media content. The methodological base is the study of materials of famous scientists, as well as media reports to review and analyze the development of the image of the president of Uzbekistan from 2016 to 2022. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of image of the head of state, formed with the help of the media, as well as the process of its change and evolution from the time of election to the present period. The activity of the president in the context of providing informational occasions and the subsequent influence of Uzbek and other media of various directions and genres on the formation of the image are studied. The role of the mass media in the design and promotion of the image of the head of state is critically analyzed on the example of Sh. Mirziyoyev, both among the citizens of the state and citizens of other states. The article also traces the connection between the image of Sh. Mirziyoyev as a president and the brand image of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results of the work can be considered confirmation of the close relationship between the media and the formation of the image of the head of state, while informational occasions, including those that have a secondary effect on the development of the image of the head of state in close dependence on the image of the state as a whole, can also be created by the president himself. The importance of forming certain types of positive image of the head of state in connection with the design of an open and positive brand of the state is traced. The relevance of the study of media interaction and the work of the head of state to form a positive image is confirmed by the need to ensure citizens' confidence in the policy of their leader, increase his authority and voter loyalty, and, as a result, establish a positive image of the state in the international arena. Keywords: president, Republic of Uzbekistan, image, media, Sh. Mirziyoev, reforms.

Book Review: Dynamic partisanship: How and why voter loyalties change

Book Review: Dynamic partisanship: How and why voter loyalties change

Money Trumps Ethnicity: An Overview of Local Election in Kendari

This paper explains how money politics and ethnic politics work at the same time, and which one of them is more influential when the two are confronted. By examining the 2017 regional election in the city of Kendari, this paper finds that both ethnic politics and money politics were used by contestants running in the election to gain voter support. Nevertheless, ethnic politics failed to maintain voter loyalty when contested with money politics that was designed carefully, massively, right on target, well-structured, and was supported by a solid and militant team.

NEGATIVE CAMPAIGNING ON SOCIAL MEDIA SITES: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE 2019 AUSTRIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Election campaigns in the age of social media are rapidly changing their character. Due to the declining party loyalty of voters, once stable constituencies have become increasingly volatile and the importance of campaigning has increased. Parties are now thought to be more likely than in the past to opt for negative campaigning. This paper examines the postings that parties or top candidates made on the social media sites Facebook and Twitter during the 2019 National Council election campaign. The results suggest that - at least on social media sites - the cost-benefit analysis of the parties might turn towards negative campaigning, as the average popularity of negative campaigning posts was higher than those that were not tagged with negative campaigning.

Introduction: Thinking Through Cultural Others

This paper examines the causality of the regime change and clarifies the conditions in which the authoritarian government in Malaysia collapsed in the 14th general election. Barisan Nasionalʼs 61-year authoritarian regime necessitates the following two parts, namely: (1) populism targeting at Malay voters to retain their political loyalty, and (2) an electoral system marginalising votes of opponents such as Chinese voters, and urban voters. This paper analyses the electoral data of the 14th general election to explain the reason why these two parts did not work advantageously for Barisan Nasional. The analysis is conducted with a two-step analysis. Firstly, the author uses a regression analysis to examine the voting behaviour in Malaysia. Secondly, the process in which votes are converted into seats is examined. The findings show that in the 14th general election, while Chinese votes, and urban votes were cast to Pakatan Harapan, Malay votes, and rural votes were split between Barisan Nasional and PAS. In the 13th general election, due to the winner-take-all First-Past-The-Post electoral system, together with the allocation of electoral districts in which percentages of Malay voters exceed Chinese voters, not a few Chinese votes were marginalised as wasted votes. In the 14th general election, due to the split of the Malays, Malay votes were wasted, and Chinese votes became, on the contrary, strongly influential towards the electoral result, helping Pakatan Harapan become the majority. In addition, this paper examines differences in the voting behaviour among Malay voters and finds that the authoritarian regime of Barisan Nasional had to retain Malay votes by distributing economic merits to them. It is concluded that in the 14th general election, Barisan Nasional could not retain the political loyalty of Malay voters with its authoritarian populism, and simultaneously, it could not marginalise the influence of Chinese voters with its authoritarian electoral system. These two malfunctions of Barisan Nasional’s electoral tactics were the main causality of the regime change in Malaysia.

The effect of trust of a political party as a moderating variable on the leadership towards voters' loyalty

AbstractThis paper aims to conducting an analysis and research with a view to testing and analyzing the effects of leadership on voter loyalty with political communication, a party's image, and voter satisfaction as the intervening (mediating) variables. This research employing a survey method was conducted in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta precisely in July 2013 until August 2013 where the population consisted of fixed voters in the area of Jakarta which, according to the data from the General Elections Commission of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Komisi Pemilihan Umum [KPU] Daerah Khusus Ibukota [DKI] Jakarta), the number of fixed voters in the regional‐head election in 2012 amounted to 6,996,951 people. The sample size was calculated using Slovin's formula with a 5% error level and obtained a sample of 400 respondents selected randomly. The implications of this research is The higher the variable Leadership is, the higher the values of the variables Political Communication and A Party's Image are. Variables A Party's Image and Voter Satisfaction which have a significant and positive influence on Voter Loyalty. Variables Leadership and Political Communication which are not significant on the variable Voter Loyalty (Y4), Moreover, this research also discovers that A Party's Image mediates the influence of Leadership on Voter Loyalty. Loyalty of voters results from a process which is both complex and consists of multiple factors involving the individual voters themselves, the environment, and political parties.

Antecedentes da intenção de repetição de voto no mesmo político

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a influência que a lealdade, o interesse em benefícios, a satisfação e a confiança no político possuem sobre a intenção do eleitor de repetir o voto em um mesmo político. Foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico com os construtos em questão, analogamente contextualizados do marketing de produtos e serviços. Confeccionado o questionário e realizada a coleta dos dados, a amostra final contou com 522 respondentes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por modelagem de equações estruturais e os resultados evidenciaram que a confiança, a satisfação e o interesse em benefícios influenciam positiva e diretamente a lealdade do eleitor, configurando-se antecedentes indiretos da intenção de repetição de voto, haja vista a verificação de que a lealdade influencia positiva e diretamente tal intenção. Conclui-se que a intenção de votar em um mesmo político perpassa diversos elementos comportamentais do eleitor, formando a sua lealdade ao político em reeleição.

Presidential Candidates' Popularity and Voter Loyalty in the Age of Social Media

Several studies have attempted to answer questions related to political popularity and loyalty. However, limited attention was given to examine the degree at which the use of social media drives presidential candidates’ capability to build quality political proposals, innovate, and lead people. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the relationship between specific political capabilities on social media; and to determine the impact of social media on a presidential candidate’s popularity and voter/citizen loyalty. To accomplish this, the authors examine the ability to "Build" quality proposals, the ability to “Innovate,” and the ability to “Lead” people and the relationship of each one with social media. In addition, the study examines the relationship between “Social Media” and political “Popularity and Citizen Loyalty.” Data was collected from 160 Cypriot citizens, aged 18 or over. Using the resource-based view tool (RBV) together with correlation analysis, the results show that a presidential candidate’s ability to “Lead” and “Innovate” has a statistically significant strong positive impact on social media. In turn, the use of social media has a statistically significant strong positive effect on a presidential candidate’s popularity and citizen loyalty. Finally, the researchers draw conclusions and implications for scholars, presidential candidates, and politicians, and offer recommendations for academic future research.

PERBANDINGAN LOYALITAS PEMILIH ABANGAN DAN SANTRI TERHADAP KHOFIFAH DAN SAIFULLAH YUSUF PADA PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2018

This paper will review the comparison of loyalty of Abangan and Santri voters to two contestants in East Java Pilgub 2018. The reason, East Java Pilgub 2018 was followed by two contestants who both came from Nahdlatul Ulama. But on the other hand, political contestation in East Java cannot be separated from the cultural political dynamics scattered in the four corners of Mataraman, Tapal Kuda, Arek and Madura. These four regions certainly have the characteristics and loyalty of different voters both politically and sociologically. The political map certainly cannot be separated from Clifford Geertz classical study of the typology of the “aliran” politics (politik aliran) in Java. The method used in this paper is Library Research. The main information in this study was obtained through the analysis of the publication of the results of Kompas R&D survey in February and May 2018. The result of comparison analysis of loyalty of voters will not only know the extent of loyalty support of cultural groups on both candidates but see the tendency of reorientation of voting behavior in each cultural group from the influence of cadence and culture shifted to the orientation of the issues brought by the candidate.

Examining the relationships between political advertisements, party brand personality, voter satisfaction and party loyalty

PurposeAlthough the concept of political party brand personality has received substantial recognition in the political marketing literature, however, no study as yet has contributed in identifying a causal relationship between the party brand personality and voter behaviour. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap in the academic literature by determining the relationship between the multifaceted advertising-brand personality-satisfaction-loyalty constructs in political context.Design/methodology/approachThe sample for the study consisting of 930 responses was drawn from the major cities of Punjab state in India through multistage stratified random sampling. AMOS-based structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed model.FindingsResults revealed that voters’ attitude towards political advertisements had a significant effect on their satisfaction and loyalty when brand personality had a mediating role in this effect. Additionally, the influence of party brand personality on satisfaction and loyalty of voters was different for the selected four political parties.Practical implicationsThe study carries strong implications for the political parties and the political marketers to develop pertinent marketing and communication strategies that are consistent with their personality traits, with an endeavour to enhance the satisfaction and loyalty of voters.Originality/valueThe most imperative discovery of this study is to determine the mediating role of party brand personality on relationship between political advertisements, voter satisfaction and party loyalty. Such a study of an emerging economy contributes significantly to the marketing theory and practice owing to the diversity and fragmentation across India with respect to religion, caste, creed and race of voters.

Red Tape, Corruption, and Distributive Politics

This paper investigates the distributive politics of red tape, the time-consuming bureaucratic hurdles and minutiae attached to the pursuit of government benefits and services. A simple model suggests that red tape has potentially progressive effects when it is utilized as a mechanism to screen out high-income individuals with high opportunity costs of time by a social welfare maximizing social planner. When implemented by a corrupt bureaucrat, however, red tape is also regressive, screening out poorer individuals who may be willing to pay but are constrained in their ability to pay the bribes required to clear red tape. This provides arbitrage opportunities for clientelist intermediaries who specialize in cutting red tape in exchange for the political loyalty of poor voters.

Political Parties, Elections and Electoral Uncertainty in Post-Transition Nigeria: A Study of the 2015 Presidential Election

Contemporary political parties across the democratic world now compete in extremely volatile electoral markets marked by declining voter loyalties. Indeed, this is increasingly becoming the conventional wisdom and political parties have devised varying strategies to cope with the challenge posed by voter dealignment. Extant literature on political parties and electoral change focuses almost exclusively 011 the experiences of advanced ‘western democracies with little or no attention given to such research in developing countries. Therefore, there is a need to undertake research that documents the nature of electoral uncertainty in transiting democracies, how political parties in emergent democracies perceive these uncertainties and the character of part)’ responses to the electoral challenges. This study investigates electoral uncertainties in Nigeria with a specific focus on the 2015 presidential election. The study is essentially qualitative relying on data generated from the literature and official results of elections. Using the two leading political parties in the 20 f 5 presidential polls as subject of analysis, the paper examines the context of the presidential vote, the unpredictability of the electoral market 011 offer as well as responses developed by the two parties to confront the uncertainties.

Book review: Party Organization and Electoral Volatility in Central and Eastern Europe: Enhancing Voter Loyalty

Book review: Party Organization and Electoral Volatility in Central and Eastern Europe: Enhancing Voter Loyalty

Party–Group Ambivalence and Voter Loyalty: Results From Three Experiments

Renewed emphasis on the group-based nature of political parties makes understanding the relationship between partisan and group identities essential. How do citizens respond to the internal disconnect between their partisan identity and their other politically salient identities? In addition, do differences in the group-based nature of each party lead to asymmetric effects of party–group ambivalence? Using data from an original survey experiment across three samples—the 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, the 2012 Convention Delegate Study, and a 2015 sample from Amazon Mechanical Turk—I find that party–group ambivalence diminishes party loyalty, making respondents less likely to vote for, contribute to, or volunteer for their political party’s candidate. Moreover, the strength of this impact is consistently larger among Republican identifiers than Democratic identifiers. These results suggest that party asymmetry in party coalitions may have an impact on party loyalty.

Party over outsiders, centre over branch: how ANC dominance works at the community level in South Africa

Common to most accounts of South African electoral politics is some version of voter loyalty or party identification. In contrast to arguments that focus on voter behaviour, although less common, are views that point to the reinforcement of voter choice through the relationship of the African National Congress (ANC) and party-state to key civil society and business allies. This article explores this party capture of political organisation at the crucial, and yet understudied, level of the local community or settlement. Drawing on case-study work in Cape Town and Johannesburg, it is demonstrated how the attempted dominance of political society over civil society at national level is reproduced at the most local of levels through a combination of ideological and instrumental factors. Key to the former is the idea of the ANC’s entitlement to rule implied by liberation nationalism. Key to the latter are the forms of patronage politics enabled by the ‘party-state’, where it exists. The result is the representational privileging of political actors over civil society actors, and the party ‘centre’ over branches. Notably, the attempt to construct the local ‘party-society’ is always partial and often weak, not least due to governance failures of various kinds. This leads to periodic crises and popular protest, but the party dominance of representational choice means that new leaders often emerge in the name of the ANC and its allies rather than against it.