Low-level Skills Research Articles

Students’ scientific reasoning skills through RICOSRE model in environmental changes topic

The low level of students' scientific reasoning skills is caused by the low-quality learning process. Action is needed to improve the learning process by applying innovative learning models, the Reading, Identification, Constructing, Solving, Reviewing, and Extending (RICOSRE) learning model. This research aims to determine the effect of RICOSRE Learning Model on Students' Scientific Reasoning Skills on the Topic of Environmental Changes of Class X MAN 1 Medan. This research uses a quasi-experiment with Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study is all class X Science and Technology MAN 1 Medan. The sample consisted of class X Science and Technology 1 with the RICOSRE learning model and X Science and Technology 2 with the conventional learning model. The results of the research show that the average pre-test and post-test data for scientific reasoning skills in the experimental class are 35.65 and 79.14, moreover in the control group are 33.94 and 67.76. Data was analyzed using an Independent Sample t-test using SPSS Version 26. Based on the t-test calculation at α = 0.05, a significance of 0.000 is obtained, which means there is an effect of the RICOSRE model on the scientific reasoning skills of students on environmental change topics.

The Response of Higher-Achieving South African Learners from Poverty to an Extracurricular Mathematics-guided Problem-based Learning Programme

Problem-based learning (PBL) has the potential to enhance both cognitive and affective engagement but has been criticised for being unsuitable for learners with low levels of knowledge and skills, such as South African learners from poor backgrounds. In such cases, guided problem-based learning (GPBL), which includes direct instruction and teacher prompting, may be more effective. However, little is known about the extent to which GPBL can replicate the cognitive and affective benefits of PBL for such learners in the context of middle-school mathematics problem-solving. It is also not clear what the optimal granularity of teacher prompting should be within GPBL. To address these issues, this instrumental case study was conducted with 26 higher-achieving Grade 8 and 9 learners from schools serving poor communities. These learners participated in a GPBL week-long extracurricular holiday mathematics programme in which they were guided to use trigonometry to determine the maximum height reached by a water rocket. Data were collected through video recordings, field notes, written work, and audio-recorded group discussions, and were coded using the multidimensional problem-solving (MPS) framework to identify cognitive and affective behaviors. The learners’ affective responses suggested general positivity towards effortful problem-solving. Their cognitive responses suggested successful engagement in some, but not all, aspects of problem-solving. Although fine-grained prompting did not promote exploratory discussion, it was found to be necessary to guide productive mathematical activity. Medium-grained prompting, which did lead to exploratory discussion, did not appear to be directly productive, although it did appear to enhance learners’ receptivity to subsequent fine-grained prompting.

Analysis of Temporary Works Interest Protection by Negotiation

According to some experts, temporary workers are becoming less willing to speak out when they have made a loss as previously they were. Nonetheless, when their benefits are being infringed, temporary workers will bargain with the employer to safeguard their own interests. However, there is no unified explanation for the reasons behind the formation and solutions. Therefore, this paper collects data on temporary workers employed by some companies and analyzes the correlation between the data and the case of "temporary workers employed by Meituan Takeaway" to investigate the topic of how temporary workers should negotiate with companies to protect their own interests. The study found that there are two reasons why temporary workers are not valued by the company, including the low skill level of temporary workers and the high risk of quitting; the company hires temporary workers not only because it can save human resources costs, but also shows higher motivation for temporary workers. The company should insist on "equal pay for equal work", which is beneficial to the development of the company and establish a good corporate image. In view of the above findings, this paper proposes that the company should actively cooperate with the negotiation process and the temporary workers should use such negotiation skills to communicate with the company.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan 4C Siswa

This research is motivated by the teacher's lack of success in applying the learning model andthe low level of 4C skills in students. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of theThink Pair Share (TPS) learning model in improving students' 4C skills on the respiratorysystem. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted by teachers in theclassroom which aims to improve and improve the quality and quantity of the learning processin class. This research was conducted at MTS Miftahul Ulum Argotirto Sumbermanjingwetan.This research involved 1 science teacher and 17 class VIII students. The data collectiontechnique was in the form of an observation sheet of the student's 4C assessment rubric whichwas carried out in three stages, namely pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. The data obtained werethen analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Theresults of this study are that the final score obtained at the pre-cycle stage is 180, in the firstcycle 280 and in the second cycle 410. Based on these results it can be concluded that theapplication of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model to the material on the respiratorysystem can improve students' 4C skills .

Comparison of Self-Efficacy and Problem-Solving Skills Between Women with Asthma and Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Problem-solving skills and self-efficacy are among the topics that are frequently investigated in people with various chronic conditions. However, there are limited studies on asthma patients. Our study aims to compare self-efficacy and problem-solving skills in asthma patients and healthy controls. We included 23 women with asthma [age: 39 (34-56) years] and 23 healthy controls [age: 42 (30-55) years] in the study. Participants' sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics, Asthma Control Test, and the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale scores were recorded. We examined problem-solving skills with the Problem-Solving Inventory and self-efficacy with General Self-Efficacy Scale. We compared groups with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Independent Sample t-test. Age, body mass index, educational status, marital status, and occupational status were similar among the groups (P > .05). However, smoking was significantly higher in healthy controls (P < .05). It was found that women with asthma had worse self-efficacy and problem-solving skills compared to healthy controls (P < .05). These results showed that there may be problems in socio-cognitive skills associated with the disease. Our study focused on the possibility that female asthma patients may have low levels of self-efficacy and problem-solving skills. Therefore, health professionals designing the rehabilitation program should take these skills into account while conducting the assessment as they may be useful in developing an efficient rehabilitation program.

Application of serious games in chemical engineering courses

The advantages of using elements of games in educational contexts have been reported in literature since the times of Plato in ancient Greece. Modern studies credited games with some advantages in education from different angles (behavioural, motivational or cognitive). In this paper, the application of games that have an explicit and carefully thought-out educational purpose (serious games) in different chemical engineering subjects at the bachelor and master level is discussed. Firstly, some topic definitions are provided along with a historical perspective of the use of games in education and the theoretical foundations supporting it. In section 2, four different applications of games are presented in three different subjects. In particular, the use of board games for the subjects Process Control and Particle Technology is illustrated, and how the combination of simple games (e.g. crosswords) and escape room activities can help to develop both low level and high level skills (following the Bloom’s taxonomy classification) in Optimisation of Chemical Processes is also presented. Their analysis and discussion of the impacts achieved with the different game-based activities are later presented in section 3 along with the main conclussions drawn.

Jobless and Burnt Out: Digital Inequality and Online Access to the Labor Market

This article examines how inequalities in digital skills shape the outcomes of online job‐seeking processes. Building on a representative survey of Spanish job seekers, we show that people with high digital skill levels have a greater probability of securing a job online, because of their ability to create a coherent profile and make their application visible. Additionally, it is less probable that they will experience burnout during this process than job seekers with low digital skill levels. Given the concentration of digital skills amongst people with high levels of material and digital resources, we conclude that the internet enforces existing material and health inequalities.

Uneven transmission of traditional knowledge and skills in a changing wildmeat system: Yangambi, Democratic Republic of Congo

IntroductionIndigenous communities typically hold diverse traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of their social-ecological system. Much of this knowledge is embodied as skills related to subsistence practices within a specific landscape and is associated with community values and norms. Ways of knowing often reflect the different activities traditionally undertaken by men and women. The incursion of external forces, including urbanization, the cash economy and migration tends to diminish transmission of traditional embodied skills. Knowledge can be lost as culturally significant environments degrade or species become extirpated. Lack of opportunity to develop traditional knowledge and skills can diminish feelings of place and identity, and thus capacity for local environmental stewardship.MethodsThe Yangambi region, Democratic Republic of Congo is a hunting territory of the Turumbu ethnic group. We used questionnaires to explore how levels of wildmeat knowledge and skill may have changed over time among the Turumbu.ResultsThe responses showed lower levels of self-reported skill among women who started to participate in the last 10-15 years. This pattern partly reflects the period of ‘apprenticeship’ but may also suggest diminished learning opportunity in recent years. Skills in cooking, smoking, and selling wildmeat persisted at a higher level than skills in curing disease and gathering wild produce. There was a much more marked pattern for men, with diminishing levels of wildmeat skill reported for around 35-40 years, and even earlier for knowledge of traditional medicine and wildmeat taboos. Questions about mentoring suggested that women have maintained knowledge pathways between mother and daughter, while men showed a shift toward increased learning from uncles.DiscussionGender differences in sharing and learning TEK may be linked to the type of skills that remain valuable in a changing social, ecological, and economic context. Men traditionally undertake the capture elements of hunting, while women deal with wildmeat processing, marketing, and cooking. The Yangambi wildmeat system has evolved from subsistence to a strongly market-driven economy during the lifetime of our study participants. This shift may partly explain why market-based kills such as food smoking and selling have endured longer than hunter’s nature-based knowledge.

Improving the undergraduate human resource development curriculum in South Africa

ABSTRACT The Human Resource Development (HRD) curriculum is under-researched at the undergraduate level in tertiary education institutions, particularly in South Africa (SA). This article addresses the need for research on HRD undergraduate education in SA. Using a qualitative case study approach; the researchers interviewed HRD practitioners who have all completed an undergraduate HRD curriculum to determine the deficits in the curriculum under study and what to include in a new HRD curriculum. Findings revealed that the degree title was limited to learning and development only, there were concerns about the faculty that housed the degree, and that the degree replicated lower-level skills certificates. HRD practitioners recommended what to include in a new HRD curriculum that would be relevant and considered credible in practice. The article identifies the implications of the findings for HRD theory, practice, and research. It offers HRD practitioners perspectives on what they consider relevant in an undergraduate HRD curriculum to carry value in the workplace.

STRUCTURAL-SUBSTANTIVE MODEL OF FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL CREATIVITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Socio-economic development in society reflects the high demand for a creative person who can successfully solve problems and change their behavior. Modern conditions increase the need for active, business-minded, creative professionals who are able to move forward and solve various problems on their own in non-standard situations. To be confident in the face of constant change, a future computer science teacher must activate his or her creativity and help students discover their potential and focus on solving the problem. The social demand for education is determined by the needs of the state, society and social groups. In this regard, the social order for creative people capable of creativity, striving for innovation and scientific achievements, non-standard, original thinking makes the issue of formation of pedagogical creativity of future computer science teachers relevant. The purpose of the structural and content model of the formation of pedagogical creativity of future teachers of computer science is to form their ability to pedagogical creativity: the student's understanding of the meaning and content of pedagogical creativity; aspiration of the student to the formation of pedagogical creativity. Creativity and innovation are an integral part of the learning process and the basis of all disciplines. They are an important aspect of how to teach in the process. In addition, creativity and innovation are crucial for teachers who are improving their professional skills. In terms of creativity, teachers play an important and key role in universities, as they provide organizational support for innovation and creativity in the teaching process. The high level of creativity of teachers contributes to the development of students - to increase their competence and demand in the labor market. However, if there is a big difference between the high level of creativity of the teacher and the low level of perception of students, the high creativity of the teacher has a negative impact. In addition, factors that may have a negative impact are: irrationalism on one or both sides; lack of constructivism, low level of communication skills of the teacher; lack of feedback in the learning process, etc. The considered world trends in the development of education are general. In addition, there are new trends in the development of different types and levels of education, depending on their goals, characteristics, the nature of implementation and the new social requirements for the level of training of relevant graduates.

Pojok Literasi Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Baca Di Pulau Panjang, Lepar Pongok, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan

Students Association of Himakuatik was implemented The Bina Desa program in Panjang Island, Penutuk Village, Lepar Pongok District, South Bangka Regency. Panjang Island is one of the isolated islands in the Bangka Belitung Islands which has a low literacy culture, especially among children. One of the causes of the low level of literacy skills of elementary school students in Panjang Island is due to the small collection of fiction and non-fiction reading books at school and at home. The purpose of the work program to create a literacy corner in Pulau Panjang is to provide reading facilities and form reading habits for Pulau Panjang children. The implementation of activities goes through several stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. The results of the service obtained are the availability of literacy facilities in the form of a literacy corner and forming reading habits for children in Long Island Hamlet.

Current state of the accounting outsourcing market in Ukraine

The transition of companies to remote working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced them to use outsourcing companies more frequently to perform certain functions, particularly accounting. As a result of this and numerous advantages of outsourcing for the client, the volume of outsourcing services on the world market has increased. In Ukraine, too, outsourcing relations have gained popularity, which is confirmed by the dynamics of the number of business entities in the field of accounting, the volume of services they provide, and their place in the world ranking. However, due to the lack of necessary knowledge, experience in this field, financial difficulties, the share of accounting outsourcing is much lower than the indicators of developed countries of the world. In the conditions of martial law, almost all indicators of business activity of enterprises in Ukraine decrease: the number of orders, employment of personnel, stocks, volume of production or provision of services, but the share of business entities that have completely or partially stopped their activities as a result of the war is gradually decreasing. Ukrainian business, looking for ways out of the crisis, is ready to invest in export activities. However, this is hindered by: low level of foreign language skills; insufficient knowledge, experience and qualified personnel in this field; difficulties in finding orders, partners; insufficient awareness of foreign markets; non-compliance of products/services with international requirements; financial and logistical problems; lack of experience in international sales and marketing, etc. In order to overcome these obstacles, specialists from outsourcing companies who are familiar with the peculiarities of organising export activities are brought in. The cost of their services is lower than the wages of full-time employees, which is a valid argument in times of war. These factors, together with the advantages of accounting outsourcing, contribute to its development in Ukraine under modern conditions. However, in order to reach the level of outsourcing services of the developed countries of the world, it is necessary to implement electronic document flow, domestic accounting information technologies and create a legislative framework for regulating outsourcing relations.

Optimal income taxation: An urban economics perspective

We derive an optimal labor income tax rate formula for urban models that nests the Mirrlees model as a limiting case. Optimal tax rates are determined by traditional forces plus a new term arising from urban forces: house price, migration and agglomeration effects. Based on the earnings distribution, housing costs and housing tenure in large and small US cities, we find that in a benchmark model (i) the optimal income tax rate schedule is U-shaped, (ii) urban forces raise the optimal tax rate schedule at all income levels and (iii) adopting an optimal tax system induces agents with low skill levels to leave large, productive cities.

Performance Tasks-Enriched Material in Cookery 9 for Enhancing the Practical Skills of Students

The purpose of this study is to improve the practical skills of students in Cookery 9- Prepare Sandwiches by evaluating the effectiveness of a researcher-created learning material that will assist in addressing a low level of performance skills in Cookery 9.The Pearson-Product Moment Correlation was used whether there is a significant relationship between the Performance Tasks-Enriched Materials and the level of proficiency in Practical Skills of the student-respondents in Cookery 9. Further, descriptive-developmental research was used in this study for the acceptance level of the designed performance tasks-enrich intervention materials using the perception of the respondents and the student's proficiency after using the performance tasks-enriched materials. Data were collected from 35 Grade 9 - Cattleya students enrolled in Callejon National High School from 2022-2023 using a pretest and posttest, performance task-enriched material, and a survey questionnaire. According to the findings, the students were generally proficient in their practical skills in Cookery 9. They perceived the performance task-enriched material to be effective in terms of perform mise’en place, prepare variety of sandwiches, present variety of sandwiches and store sandwiches. Their level of mastery, as well as their perception of effectiveness, are significantly related to their pre- and post-test scores. After using the developed material, the learners progressed from the beginning and developing level of performance to approaching proficiency and proficient levels. These findings imply that performance task-enriched material in students' performance tasks improved their practical skills..

Who Responds to Phishing Emails? An International Investigation of 15-Year-Olds Using PISA Data

ABSTRACT Young people are facing an ever-increasing array of online dangers. One of the most common is receipt of a phishing email. This paper presents new evidence on the characteristics of young people most likely to respond to such emails. I find approximately one-in-seven 15-year-olds are at risk of responding to a phishing email, rising to one-in-five amongst those from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. Such risks are particularly high amongst young people with low levels of cognitive skill. Unfortunately, students who are taught about the dangers posed by phishing emails at school are just as likely to take inappropriate actions following their receipt as their peers who have not. I thus conclude that greater emphasis and higher quality instruction needs to be provided to young people about the online risks they face, particularly to those from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds and low academic achievers.

Optimizing The Use Of Social Media And The Importance Of Financial Management For Smes/Smes In Pematang Siantar City

MSMEs are the foundation of the people's economy that supports the nation's economy. In Indonesia, MSMEs contribute a lot to the regional budget. The position of MSMEs is considered very significant because this sector is not only a source of livelihood, but also provides direct and indirect employment opportunities for people with relatively low levels of knowledge and skills. During Covid-19, MSMEs experienced a significant decline. Do not escape MSMEs in Pematangsiantar City. Many MSMEs are confused because their companies are hindered and cannot even develop. Globally, supply chains have weakened due to the impact of Covid-19 due to restrictions in several surrounding areas, commodity prices have fallen, and the possibility of a global economic crisis has increased. The urgency of carrying out this community service activity with the theme of the Workshop on Optimizing the Use of Social Media and the Importance of Financial Management for IKM/UKM Actors in Pematang Siantar City is to provide additional understanding and knowledge to IKM/UKM owners as well as strategies to increase turnover from sales made. The method used in carrying out this activity is through lectures and discussions related to the topic of service. The stages of implementing this event include opening and explaining social media that is often used by consumers, strategies for using social media, explaining the importance of financial management and existing financial reports for a business. After the community service activities are completed, follow-up interviews are conducted regarding the impact of the community service activities. In accordance with the results of the interviews, it is known that the understanding of SME/UKM actors regarding social media knowledge and financial management has increased by 90%.

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN CONSUMPTION BY STUDENTS UNDER STRESS

To preserve and strengthen the health of young people, one of the tasks of the state in the field of healthy nutrition is the development of the production of functional food products enriched with essential water- and fat-soluble vitamins; development of additives of biologically active substances and orientation of higher education to improve the level of education of students of the valeological direction, and the introduction of relevant topics, subjects in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The article is devoted to the problem of monitoring vitamins in the nutrition of student youth in modern conditions. With the help of a questionnaire and a method for determining the content of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in the daily diet, non-compliance with the principles of rational nutrition by full-time students was revealed, which negatively affects their health. For all full-time students, there is a deficiency in the intake of vitamins D 70%, C 62.5%, B9 60% and biotin 74%. The average content of vitamin C in diets for girls is 1.03 times lower than the norm, for boys it is 1.27 times lower than the norm. The intake of vitamins B2, B6, B12 and B5 with diets exceeds the recommended values. The study of the quality of diets of junior students showed that the majority of students have a polydeficient diet, unbalanced in terms of water- and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as a lack of a conscious attitude to nutrition. A low level of skills and abilities of students in organizing their own meals was revealed. An insufficient level of knowledge about proper nutrition is a potential factor in the deterioration of health, the emergence of primary and secondary alimentary diseases, and a decrease in mental performance. The ways of increasing the level of knowledge in practical nutrition of students of higher education and ways of solving the problem of balanced nutrition of students as an effective condition for improving their health as an effective condition for improving their health are proposed. It has been established that one of the priority tasks of our time is to increase the level of education of student youth on healthy nutrition.

Sports Management Skills of Principals and Their Adherence to China’s Double Reduction Policy

This study examined the demographic profiles, sports management skills, and adherence to the double reduction policy of principals in primary schools located in Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China employing comparative-correlational approach. The study's participants consist of principals selected from 24 primary schools in the region. The findings highlight a diverse group of principals in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, and years of experience. The assessment reveals a low level of sports management skills and a gap between policy intentions and implementation of the double reduction policy. The study underscores the importance of professional development and support to enhance principals' skills and improve policy implementation in the given context. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics and challenges faced by principals in this specific locale.

PENGGUNAAN BUKU CERITA FABEL DENGAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR

The present study investigates the low level of early reading skills among first-grade students at Oetona Public Elementary School, as evidenced by their difficulties in letter and syllable spelling as well as distinguishing letter forms. Additionally, students exhibit a lack of enthusiasm when reading sentences or short stories found in books or written by the teacher on the whiteboard. To address this issue, the utilization of Fable Storybooks with the Quantum Learning Model in early reading instruction for first-grade students at Oetona Public Elementary School was introduced, aiming to make a positive contribution to the development of students' early reading skills. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The findings of the study indicate that the implementation of Fable Storybooks with the Quantum Learning Model has a positive impact on students' early reading abilities. The majority of the students achieved a level of "excellent" in their early reading skills. The results and analysis demonstrate that the use of Fable Storybooks with the Quantum Learning Model contributes significantly to the improvement of students' early reading outcomes. Students displayed high enthusiasm and imagination during the learning process and demonstrated notable progress in their reading abilities

Creating Virtual Field Trips for Education: A Comparison of Software and Tools for Creating Virtual Field Trips with 360° Images

Virtual Reality (VR) has gained more importance in the educational sector. A possibility of using VR in education can be Virtual Field Trips (VFTs). This work analyses the possibilities of creating VFTs with different software/tools, output devices, and 360° cameras in the educational sector. The preparatory work, with the recording of own 360° images, is described, including the involved time and comparison of 360° cameras. With a comparison, four categories of software/tools for creating a VFT are analyzed under the aspects of the needed technical equipment, the time effort, the needed skills to create the VFT and the level of immersion and interactivity, and the convey of technical content through the VFT. For the creation and use of a VFT a software/tool and an output device is necessary. The creation of 360° images requires a 360° camera, which is very time-consuming, concerning the everyday workload of teachers. Three of the tested software/tools require through a graphical user interface a low level of skills for creating a VFT. The created VFT with the different software/tools offers different levels of immersion and interaction. It is possible for teachers to create their own VFT, but the accompanying time and cost can limit the possibilities during the everyday work.