Low Level Of Competence Research Articles

A Review of Motor Skill Development in State-Level Early Learning Standards for Preschoolers in the United States

The purpose of this study was to examine state-level early learning standards specific to physical development, including fundamental motor skills and gross motor development for preschool-aged children in the United States. All standards related to motor development and specific to children ages 3–5 years were extracted from publicly available online documents from all 50 states. Upon initial review, 961 standards were extracted from all documents. Through aggregation of similar skills and elimination of duplicates across states, 48 unique skills were identified. Frequencies and proportions of states that included each skill in their standards were calculated. Descriptive results indicate that none of the 48 skills were included as a standard across all 50 states. Only three skills, running, jumping, and throwing a ball overhand were a standard in over 75% of states. Most of the skills were standards in less than 50% of states. Trends from these data show that a wide range of motor skills are included within preschool physical development standards within the United States, with large variability among states. Considering this variability, and currently low levels of motor competence among young children, additional evaluation, and future creation of best practice preschool physical development standards are warranted.

Developing and Implementing a Concussion Curriculum in Enhancing Competency

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> Research has identified knowledge gaps among medical trainees on the topic of concussion, but it is still unclear whether such activities affect patient outcomes and knowledge transfer (Provvidenza, 2009). With the shift to competency-based medical education in Canada, there is a need to systematically review and evaluate the effects of concussion curriculum. We conducted a systematic review to determine the most effective concussion curriculum for enhancing medical trainees' competency. <h3>Design</h3> A study protocol was developed and registered in the National Institute of Health Research PROSPERO registry. The report followed the PRISMA guidelines. The studies' quality was evaluated using the MINORS score, an assessment tool to evaluate non-randomized control trials. We used program evaluation models (Kirkpatrick's and Miller's models) to evaluate concussion programs. A comprehensive search strategy utilized 5 bibliographic databases and 11 medical education journals. To be included, studies were required to report on concussion training received by medical trainees at any point during their medical education or career. Studies examining concussion curriculum or formal training were included. Two reviewers screened unique citations for relevance and reviewed the full texts of relevant articles. Two independent researchers extracted data and assessed methodologic quality. At all stages, a third independent reviewer adjudicated discrepancies. <h3>Setting</h3> N/A. <h3>Participants</h3> N/A. <h3>Interventions</h3> N/A. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> N/A. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 6 studies were included from 1177 references and 4 out of 6 of the studies met 80% quality criteria. All studies reflected a Competency Miller's Pyramid level 1, which was very different from the traditional program evaluation model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> All studies identified a low level of competency demonstrated the limited attention given to competency-focused training. The current evidence in concussion curriculum development suggests longitudinal repetitive learning experiences with a focus on social workplace learning.

The Effectiveness of The Pension Fund Disbursement System Through the Taspen Authentication Application in Taspen Cipondoh Branch

The background of this research was focused on the problems in the taspen authentication application system such as system errors, lack of system updates, lack of availability of Human Resources for TASPEN Cipondoh employees, and the number of queues that are still piling up at the beginning of the month. The purpose of this study is to find out how the pension funds disbursement system through the taspen authentication application at PT. TASPEN Cipondoh Branch. The theories used by the theory of program effectiveness according to Duncan in steers (2012: 53) include: Aspects of Goal Achievement, Aspects of Integration, and Aspects of Adaptation. This research uses qualitative methods. The results of the taspen authentication application research there are system problems that often occur such as system errors, unstable networks, and application socialization processes that have not been maximized. The low competence level of officers in providing services so that in terms of its use retirees still do not feel the ease of the Taspen Authentication application. The suggestion submitted by the researcher is PT. TASPEN is improving the taspen authentication application system, improving information publication by conducting gradual socialization and training directly to retirees related to the use of the taspen authentication application, as well as improving the competence of officers by providing special training in the field of information technology.

Motor Competence Among Irish Adolescents: An Investigation of Sex Differences and Relatedness Between Fundamental Movement Skills and Functional Movement.

In prior research, Irish youth displayed poor motor competence across fundamental movement skills (FMS) and functional movements (FM). Our purpose in this study was to compare FMS and FM across male and female Irish adolescents and to determine whether there are associations between these movement domains. We collected data on 373 adolescents (178 females; M age = 14.38, SD = 0.87years) from six Irish secondary schools, including motor competence testing of 10 FMS, and 7 FM. Overall levels of motor competence of both FMS and FM were low, and certain levels of dysfunctional movement were high. We observed significant sex-based differences in both FMS and FM, and there was a moderate association between FMS and FM that warrants further investigation. There is a need for societal intervention and policy changes to address low levels of motor competence among adolescent youth.

Changing distributions of the cosmopolitan mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus Say and endemic Cx. pervigilans Bergroth (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Zealand

ABSTRACT New Zealand has 13 endemic mosquito species, which are predominantly bird-biters, exhibiting low levels of vector competence, and are adapted to their native ecosystems. Anthropogenic land-use change are well-suited to domesticated exotic species that have already established here. While some endemic species, such as Culex pervigilans, can also be found vutilising such environments, there are indications of population decline and displacement. The cosmopolitan Cx. quinquefasciatus has been established in New Zealand for more than 180 years, and was believed to be confined to the warmer, northern regions. However, biosecurity records of obtained specimens collected by the National Mosquito Surveillance Program, at various points of entry (POE) for goods and international travel, suggest an expansion of this range. Changes in the distributions of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pervigilans over the last fifteen years in New Zealand, are evaluated herein, with the conclusion that Cx. quinquefasciatus is increasing both in distribution and population density over time, and should be considered an invasive species. Evidence of a southward spread is likely a result of anthropogenic environmental changes particularly favourable to Cx. quinquefasciatus. A trend of considerable ecological and public health importance. Similarly clear effects on urban Cx. pervigilans populations were not observed.

Promotion of Electronic Information Resources: How to Help Users to Find what is Available in the Library

Promotion of e-resources in library settings remains to be an obstacle for its efficient use. There are three main reasons of insufficient use of e-resources: majority of users remain to be unaware of availability of e-collections in their institutions, lack of searching skills among end-users, low level of competency among librarians on e-resources and e-platforms. The lack of support and training of end-users results in poor usage of research oriented e-resources, especially foreign ones. Recommendations for librarians on promotion of e-resources include redesign of library website as main entry-point to e-collections, correct URLs to publisher platforms and their correct description, information on access options, availability of end-user emails for notification purposes — these and many other tips are important for efficient usage of acquired e-resources for research and educational purposes.

Complaint Responses in Business Emails: An Interlanguage Pragmatic Study of Thai EFL Learners

The study's primary objective is to investigate how Thai EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners use politeness and complaint response strategies similarly or differently in email communication. Email data are collected from 30 male and 30 female Thai EFL learners. The learners' complaint response strategies for handling complaints include gratitude, apology, explanation, offer, appeal, and guarantee. The study shows that complaint response strategies differ among Thai male and female EFL learners. Compared to the female group, the male group uses the offer and appeal complaint response strategies more frequently. More often than the male group, the female group opts for the complaint response strategy of guarantee. Additionally, the chi-square analysis reveals that the use of the politeness strategy of the hedge is significantly different between the male and female Thai EFL learners with varying levels of English proficiency. The employment of the indirect politeness strategy is another crucial difference between male and female students in the high group. However, there is no significant difference in how male and female English language learners with high and low competence levels utilize the direct politeness strategy.

Appraising and reacting to voluntary green behavior at work: The effects of green motive attribution.

Starting from the perspective of social perception of voluntary employee green behavior (VEGB) and studies on the attribution of VEGB, we explore the phenomenon that employees can show different perceptions and behavioral responses to VEGB according to their attribution to VEGB. We served to examine the hypotheses. The results of a two-wave study show that when employees believe VEGB is motivated by instrumental concerns, VEGB is more likely to evoke a low level of warmth and competence, which produces less green advocacy. However, if employees believe VEGB is motivated by moral reasons, VEGB is more likely to prompt more warmth and competence perceptions and elicit greener advocacy from employees. In addition, theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.

RESOURCE-ORIENTED METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS OF THE SUBJECT "DEFENSE OF UKRAINE"

In the article authors present the resource-oriented methodology for the development of leadership competence of teachers of the subject "Defense of Ukraine" and the results of its experimental testing. Leadership competence of the teacher of "Defense of Ukraine" is interpreted as readiness for effective leadership in the implementation of health technologies, to manage military-applied activities of students, to a leadership position in the orientation of students to protect Ukraine from occupiers, which are a set of mutual related components (personal-motivational, activity-behavioral, information-communicative and result-target components). Resource-oriented methodology for the development of leadership competence of teachers of the subject "Defense of Ukraine" authors consider as a set of organizational and methodological conditions - specific interrelated factors (goals, content, forms and methods of activity, leadership communication in the student body, internal and external resources, etc.), necessary for the systematic impact on the personality of teachers in order to develop in the process of continuing pedagogical education their leadership competence. The article presents the results of a local pedagogical experiment, which showed positive dynamics - a decrease in the number of teachers of "Defense of Ukraine", who demonstrated a low level of leadership competence in all components, a significant increase in intermediate and high levels.

Inclusion of parents in speech therapy work on the correction of speech disorders in children

Introduction. The need to include parents in the correctional and educational process of children with disabilities is indicated in international and federal regulations, in Russian and foreign theoretical and practical studies. However, most parents have little idea of possibilities of their participation in the correction of developmental disorders, in particular, the correction of speech disorders in children. The study of parents’ correctional and speech therapy competence in order to develop a program for organizing the speech therapy work of parents with preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment (GSU) determines the relevance of this study. Materials and methods. The study involved 96 people, including 48 preschoolers with three-level GSU at the age of 5-6 and 48 parents at the age of 27±5.4. Research methods and techniques: a questionnaire by V.A. Borodina, K.S. Vasilyeva, which reveals the components of parents’ correctional and speech therapy competence (motivational, cognitive, activity and evaluative ones); statistical processing was carried out using Student's t-test. Results. According to the results of the ascertaining experiment, 54% of parents showed an average level and 46% – a low level of correctional and speech therapy competence. After applying a specially developed program for organizing parents’ speech therapy work with preschoolers with GSU, significant changes in parents’ correctional and speech therapy competence were diagnosed: a low level was detected in 4% of the parents, an average level – in 42%, and a high level – in 54%. When comparing the indicators before and after the formative experiment using Student's t-test, significant differences were revealed in the level of corrective speech therapy competence of parents of preschoolers with GSU (temp =12.0 p≤0.001). Conclusion. The data obtained in the study of the correctional and speech therapy competence of parents of children with GSU show that after the parents are included in speech therapy work to correct speech disorders in children by increasing parents’ motivation to interact with teachers of an educational institution, parents’ awareness of children’s speech development, special training in the organization of speech therapy classes with children, the effectiveness of speech therapy work to overcome general speech underdevelopment in preschoolers has increased.

Сравнительный анализ артикуляционно-акустических характеристик вокализма современных английского и русского языков (на материале биологической терминологии)

The article considers the comparative analysis of the articulation-acoustic characteristics of the vocalism of the modern English and Russian languages (on the examples of the scientific discourse), taking into account combinatorial and positional changes that affect the characteristics of unstressed vocalism, a number of typical modifications in the timbre, temporal, dynamic and tonal characteristics of unstressed languages are identified. Namely: the variability of the timbre features of the vowel depending on the vowel of the Russian language,to which it is assimilated by the speaker; increasing the duration of unstressed vowels; full-sounding pronunciation (absence of elision and haplology processes) of words in a weak position; insufficient degree of the reduction of vowels; variability and expressiveness of the tonal characteristics of unstressed vowels. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the scientific works in the fields of phonology, prosody, acoustic theory of speech, experimental phonetics, taking into account the problems of interaction between the components of the interfered phonetic system in the English language of Russian speakers with different (high, medium and low) levels of phonetic competence. The paper uses a complex methodology of the experimental phonetic study of the prosodic features of unstressed vocalism in the English speech of the Russian language speakers. The methodology for conducting experimental phonetic research includes the use of empirical general scientific methods (measurement, experiment); special methods of auditory and acoustic analysis (computer-oscillographic and spectral), the method of quantitative analysis of processing the results of a phonetic experiment and the linguistic interpretation of the results of the study. The paper analyzes the quantitative indicators and the degree of these modifications of English unstressed vocalism in speech, taking into account the level of their phonetic competence and the experience of communicating in English.

Differences in evidence-based nursing practice competencies of clinical and academic nurses in China and opportunities for complementary collaborations: A cross-sectional study.

To explore the evidence-based nursing practice (EBNP) competencies of clinical and academic nurses and their collaboration needs for supporting EBNP. Academic-practice partnerships have strong potential to overcome the key barriers to EBNP. However, there is little known about the collaboration needs of clinical and academic nurses for EBNP. A cross-sectional study. We recruited clinical and academic nurses online during November 2021 to January 2022. Using a reliable and validated scale and adapted questionnaires, data were collected relating to demographic information, EBNP-related resources availability, EBNP competencies and EBNP collaboration needs. These data were described using descriptive statistical methods. The t test, χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate if the different responses between clinical and academic nurses were statistically significant. This study was reported following the STROBET checklist. Two 240 clinical nurses and 232 academic nurses submitted questionnaires. There was no difference in overall EBNP competence between clinical and academic nurses. However, clinical nurses reported lower levels of competence and stronger intentions to collaborate with academic nurses when searching for, appraising, and synthesising evidence. Academic nurses reported lower levels of competence and stronger intentions to collaborate with clinical nurses for disseminating and implementing evidence. Clinical and academic nurses both reported high needs for collaborating to overcome their perceived role limitations. Clinical and academic nurses have different strengths and limitations in EBNP. These role differences and intentions to collaborate for different dimensions of EBNP competence suggest that clinical and academic nursing roles could be complementary to each other, offering opportunities for synergistic collaborations to better support overall EBNP. Healthcare and academic institutions should promote academic-practice partnerships as opportunities to gain complementary expertise on different dimensions of EBNP, and to improve nurses' competencies and confidence in EBNP overall.

Digital technology and teacher digital competency in physical education: a holistic view of teacher and student perspectives

ABSTRACT Digital technology is growing in popularity in the enacted teaching and learning process. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the evidence of its impact on teaching and learning in physical education. With increasing use in education, digitally competent teachers are essential to the success of its integration. The primary aim of this study was to explore perceived teacher competency levels in applying digital technology to the physical education classroom. Teachers perceived significantly low competency levels in relation to digital technology in physical education. This was a result of both personal and school hindrances which teachers identified as impeding the integration of digital technology in their physical education classes. Drawing on a holistic view of the dichotomy of pedagogy and technology, we suggest that this relationship is more complex than the one stated in most digital competence frameworks, therefore a narrow understanding of teacher digital competency in physical education.

The interplay of math anxiety and math competence for later performance

Math anxiety’s negative effects on performance are well-documented. The interplay of math anxiety and mathematical competence regarding later performance is underexplored. We investigated whether math anxiety’s detrimental effects on learning depend on previous mathematical competence. Hypothesizing a moderation effect, we expected that trait math anxiety should affect pupils of higher competence to a greater extent than pupils with lesser competence. Based on 8th graders in secondary school, we found the expected interaction of math anxiety and math competence (represented by previous math grade) predicting performance three months later. The interaction of math anxiety and math competence on later performance remained despite controlling for math self-concept and gender (and previous topic-specific performance). The moderation showed differential slopes for the effects of math competence on later performance depending on trait math anxiety: At lower competence levels, math anxiety played a lesser role than for higher competence levels. Later performance was lowest for more competent pupils with higher math anxiety relative to their peers with similar competence levels but lower math anxiety. Although the data imply directionality, our design cannot imply causality. Nevertheless, one interpretation of the results is in line with the notion of greater performance losses over time for more competent pupils with higher levels of math anxiety: the learning progress may be aggravated for those, who have the prerequisite in ability to advance their performance. The optimal development of math capabilities may be compromised by math anxiety; good math abilities and low math anxiety may both be prerequisites for long-term learning success.

Digital skills of regular basic education teachers in the context of COVID-19

Background: Objective of the study: The purpose of this study has been to identify the level of digital skills of regular basic education (EBR) teachers in their pedagogical practice in the context of covid 19 through the review of the available literature disseminated among teachers. years 2016 and 2021. Method: The PRISMA methodology has been used; Searches were made in the Scopus database using keywords related to the research topic. Of the 299 investigations identified through the search, 16 were selected that coincided with the inclusion criteria, all of them were research articles, carrying out the compilation and systematic review of the studies referring to digital competences in EBR teachers. Results: The results showed that EBR teachers show a low level of digital competence due to several factors, including a low inclusion in this field since their professional training.&#x0D;

Disrupted Lessons in Engineering Robotics: Pivoting Knowledge Transfer From Physical to Virtual Learning Environments.

This study examined the effects of an Arduino microrobot activity on college students’ interest in robotics through three specific objectives: (1) determining how students’ conceptual understanding regarding the basics of microcomputing and computer programming changes after engaging in an engineering robotics learning module, (2) assessing the impact of these changes on students’ sense of competence in engineering robotics, and (3) explaining the role of students’ perceived knowledge transferability in the relationship between their sense of competence and changes in their interest for pursuing engineering robotics. Participants (n = 58) were recruited from two Engineering Physics courses and surveyed before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) an Arduino microcomputing learning activity. First, significant increases were reported post-activity for interest in robotics, as well as conceptual understanding of microelectronics and computer programming. Second, changes in the understanding of computer programming significantly predicted students’ sense of competence at Time 2. Finally, high and low levels of competence and perceived knowledge transferability were related to changes in students’ interest in robotics. Moreover, high levels of perceived knowledge transferability alone played an important role in students’ interest in robotics. Transferring complex engineering ideas to novel situations was beneficial regarding students’ learning gains associated with computer programming and with the Arduino microcontroller platform. An overview of the virtual lab architecture used is provided with suggested novel directions for teaching college-level courses about engineering robotics.

Novice nurses’ leadership competence: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction. Effective nursing leadership is a key element of the healthcare system and is essential for proper functioning and patient safety. Aim. To explore authentic leadership competencies among novice nurses and the relationship between the competencies components and sociodemographic variables. Methods. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected in 2019 with the Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire – Polish adaptation (ALSAQ-P) and metrics. The analysis was based on 133 completed questionnaires. Results. The majority of novice nurses presents the average level of authentic leadership competencies. They present the low level of competence in relational self-awareness domain. The correlation of seniority with moral processing has been revealed. Compared to women, men present significantly higher authentic leadership competence. Conclusions. Novice nurses authentic leadership competencies should begin to be developed. Actions to strengthen women’s leadership competencies are also an important aspect of nursing development.

Didactic Use of Virtual Reality in Colombian Universities: Professors’ Perspective

This paper presents quantitative research on the perception of the didactic use of virtual reality by university professors in Colombia, with special attention to the differences according to their area of knowledge, as the main variable, and gender and digital generation, as secondary variables. The study involved 204 professors from different Colombian universities. As an instrument, a survey designed for this purpose was used with four scales that were used to measure, on a Likert scale, different dimensions involving the participants’ perception of the use of virtual reality in the classroom. The answers were analyzed statistically and the differences in the perceptions have been identified by means of parametric statistical tests according to the following: (i) area of knowledge, (ii) gender, (iii) digital generation of the participants. The results showed that the participants expressed high valuations of virtual reality, despite having intermediate or low levels of digital competence. Gaps were identified in terms of area of knowledge, gender, and digital generation (digital natives or immigrants) with respect to opinions of virtual reality and digital competence. The highest valuations of virtual reality are given by professors of Humanities, and by digital natives. It is suggested that Colombian universities implement training plans on digital competence for professors and that these plans be aimed at strengthening knowledge of virtual reality.

Improvement of moral competence in university students: An intervention through moral emotions

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of an intervention to improve moral competence in university students. The intervention was carried out through deliberation on emotional dilemmas, perception, and communication of moral emotions by participants. The research design was quasi-experimental, adopting a pretest-posttest design. The control and experimental groups were made up of 26 students. The moral competence of all participants was evaluated using the emotional moral competence index (EMCI). The participants in both groups were chosen based on a very low level of moral competence, an average value (EMCI = 20) below population mean (EMCI Mean = 31.8; EMCISD = 11.8). The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using the difference between the means and the univariate linear regression analysis of the two groups. The results of the experimental group showed significant values and important effects in the increase of moral competence after the intervention.

Nurses Cultural Competence in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundDiversity is a challenge and an opportunity, resulting in a change toward providing services suited to clients’ cultural needs and desires. Nurses working with culturally diverse populations face unique challenges because of the coexistence of diverse cultural and ethnic societies. Hence, the study’s purpose has been to evaluate the current state of cultural competence and the factors that influence it among nurses in Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsFrom December 1 to December 30, 2021, nurses at eight public healthcare facilities in southwest Ethiopia were enrolled in a facility-based cross-sectional study. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi data 4.1 was used to enter the data, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with cultural competence, bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-seven nurses took part in the study, yielding an 86.1% response rate. The mean age was 28.83 years (standard deviation = ±5.48). The mean cultural competence score among healthcare professionals was 1.95 ± 0.32. Marital status (p < 0.05) and the use of healthcare interpreters (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with cultural competence.ConclusionNurses had a low level of cultural competence. Cultural competence varies according to a number of factors, including marital status and the use of healthcare interpreters. Nurses are better suited to focus on the ethnic diversity of their patients, which necessitates the provision of cultural competence training for nurses.