Low Level Of Attention Research Articles

Distraction vs Immersion: Use of 360-format Videos in News Storytelling

The study aims to explore 360-format videos in the genre of news storytelling. 360 format videos are wide spectrum videos providing users with a first-hand experience of the event or situation. It transports the users to a virtual space without changing their location. The first-person experience offers immersion a combination of presence and attention. The presence here deals with emotional factors immersive attention refers to the cognition and information-processing ability of the users. The immersive property has found its place in the news industry as well. However, for news storytelling, the content needs to be immersive in both empathy and attention factors. The study intends to identify whether 360-format videos create attention or distraction in news storytelling where distraction is a measure of loss of attention. The study developed a framework based on the theory of the Limited Capacity model for mediated messages memory retention. The experiment was conducted with a sample of n=30 participants who were shown a 360-format video “Punch with Pakistani Girl” on Oculus Quest and pre and post-tests were administered. The results obtained by descriptive analysis are consistent and showed a varied and low attention level of participants of the study. The research implies that the additional visual information in 360 videos serves as a distraction for users and must be eliminated through techniques of navigation and angular placement.

Educational Inequalities Due to Regional Differences in China, Exemplified by Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces: An Analysis Based on Socio-economic, Cultural Context and Policy Factors

Abstract: China's reform and opening up have led to remarkable advancements in education and the economy. However, regional inequality has become a prominent issue, particularly between border and coastal areas. Using as examples, This study examines the educational discrepancies between Yunnan Province and Guangdong Province as examples, aiming to identify the causes of such inequality. The study discovers that one primary cause of regional educational inequality is the disparity in socio-economic development. As a economically developed coastal region, Guangdong possesses greater economic capacity for rapid growth and can allocate more funding towards educational resources and infrastructural development. In contrast, less developed areas like Yunnan have made insufficient investments in this field. Furthermore, cultural differences significantly impact education levels: coastal regions such as Guangdong have higher expectations for higher education and value the role of the family in education; whereas frontier areas like Yunnan prioritize education less due to geographic and cultural constraints, resulting in lower levels of attention and investment. Each local government's policy stance and investment direction differ: economically developed locations tend to attract more qualified instructors and associated resources, while less developed regions lag behind, aggravating the unequal distribution of educational resources. This paper contends that regional economic disparities are the main driver of educational inequality, particularly in terms of investment and access to educational resources. Bridging the economic gap between different regions is crucial for achieving educational equity, which is closely linked to the country's overall prosperity and stability.

The tone of earnings communication conferences and trade credit financing of listed companies

Earnings communication conference serves as a key channel for information disclosure in China, providing incremental information to the capital market. Using data from Chinese A-share listed firms from 2007 to 2021, this research reveals that management's tone at the earnings communication conference significantly promotes trade credit financing. Mechanism tests suggest that management's tone facilitates trade credit financing by enhancing information transparency. Further analyses demonstrate that the aforementioned effect is more pronounced for firms facing higher market competition and supplier concentration while lower level of attention from analysts.

Physiological Mechanisms of The Relationship Between Memory, Attention, and Arousal in Children Diagnosed with Autism

Autism is a developmental disorder with an early onset and lifelong duration that impairs social interaction and communication, with the condition being repeatedly diagnosed. To gain scientific knowledge about autism, one must observe these patients, perform a series of investigations and examinations, and finally obtain a general title. The first stage of getting to know children diagnosed with autism is one of the most important conditions for studying their psychology and inner world. Therefore, studying the psychology of children diagnosed with autism is also considered a responsible task for psychologists. The article presents the results of assessing the level of anxiety, stress, depression, attention and memory indicators in children with autism, which is an actual problem in recent times, in different age groups. The studies were conducted at two different locations: the Special Support, Special Training and Rehabilitation Centre (Tatvan district of Bitlis, Turkey) and the Psychological Centre Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Development Centre “PRIM” (Baku, Azerbaijan). Conducting studies in two different regions will reveal whether there is a difference between patients diagnosed with autism. The study examined children diagnosed with autism aged 6-12 years of both sexes (44 in Turkey; 51 in Azerbaijan). The results obtained in the study were compared with normal test limits. Psychological testing was conducted on an individual basis, and for the comprehensive study, the same child was tested repeatedly, with a certain frequency and with special attention. Although more boys than girls were included in the confirmed cases, since the aim was not to study gender differences, care was taken to obtain generalisable results. The attempt to clarify a complex topic such as stress in a broad topic such as autism characterises a very complex situation. Therefore, we have endeavoured to obtain more accurate results through the use of comprehensive tests. The main objective of the research work is to obtain certain results by using comprehensive psychological research methods in determining the level of stress and anxiety in children diagnosed with autism and to study the main characteristics of autism by comparing them with psychological indicators considered within the normal range. The results of studies conducted in Turkey and Azerbaijan showed the presence of low levels of attention and memory processes, behavioural disorders, aggressive and depressive behaviour in all age groups against the background of increased arousal. Children diagnosed with autism exhibit similar symptoms regardless of their geographical location, indicating that this disease has common characteristics regardless of national, racial, religious, and regional peculiarities.

Presión autoritaria y resistencia democrática en Guatemala

The results of the first and second round of elections in Guatemala in 2023 stopped the accelerated steps towards an authoritarian and corrupt prolongation that the country was going through. This unforeseen turn has given rise to the emergence of signs of a possible opening of a new cycle that would make possible the recovery of the democratization process. But also the emergence of contradictions and antagonisms that threaten the necessary changes. When the year began, the general elections to be held in June, maintained a low level of enthusiasm and public attention. There was a coincidence of analysis that it would be an election dominated by pessimism and probably with the least hope for change in the last four decades. Citizen disillusionment extended everywhere, appreciating as a distant memory the expectations generated in 2015, when anti-corruption movements gave rise to possibilities of containing the repetition of numerous abuses and enrichment of officials, politicians and businessmen, colluded in illicit networks. On this occasion, in the context of these general elections in 2023, the recurrence of official dispositions that have shown a clear tendency to close democratic freedoms and rights and the beginning of a new and prolonged authoritarian period in the country, led by illicit economic political networks, has been a cause for concern. Now, is the recovery and sustainable advance of a new democratization, repeatedly challenged by actors who seek to prevent it, viable? ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 79, No. 774, 2024: 47-64.

Opportunities and limitations to environmental management system (EMS) implementation in UK small and medium enterprises (SMEs) – A systematic review

Human activity has been the primary driver of wicked problems that have resulted in the twinned climate and biodiversity crises, that must now urgently be addressed by all sectors of society. Such impacts are primarily driven by economic activity and how business is conducted. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) make up the majority of global and UK business with relatively unquantified environmental impact. The present study investigates how UK-based SMEs experience environmental management systems (EMS) – tools used to systematically identify the environmental impact of products and processes - to identify key opportunities and limitations to their implementation.Between 2000 and 2021 the topic has received a consistent, but low level of attention, with a marginal increase that coincides with the introduction of environment, social, and governance (ESG) requirements. The study synthesized the findings of 30 publications identified in a systematic review of literature that were comprised of case studies and review articles. Internal drivers for embarking on an EMS were resource use efficiency and cost-savings, and market advantage was a frequent external driver. Limitations were often more internal than external, and included inadequacies in human resource, knowledge and skill to undertake an EMS in house. Legal compliance featured as both a key internal and external driver, but a lack of mandate for EMS implementation and external (e.g., governmental) support were critical external limitations. Consequently, key focal areas to upscale the ambition of EMS for SMEs were the provision of guidance and training, as well as top-down pressure.Overall, there are increasing pressures upon the SME sector to improve their sustainability performance due to the trickle-down effect of stronger, international ESG related policy and legislation into the value chain and EMSs may offer an established framework to enable SMEs to move with larger corporates into a more sustainable future.

Nonlinear relationships between eye gaze and recognition accuracy for ethnic ingroup and outgroup faces.

Researchers have used eye-tracking measures to explore the relationship between face encoding and recognition, including the impact of ethnicity on this relationship. Previous studies offer a variety of conflicting conclusions. This confusion may stem from misestimation of the relationship between encoding and recognition. First, most previous models fail to account for the structure of eye-tracking data, potentially falling prey to Simpson's paradox. Second, previous models assume a linear relationship between attention (e.g., the number of fixations to a to-be-remembered face) and recognition accuracy. Two eye-tracking studies (Ns = 41, 59), one online experiment that manipulates exposure (N = 150), and a mega-analysis examine the effects of ethnicity using what we believe to be more appropriate analytical models. Across studies and measures, we document a novel, critical pattern: The relationship between attention and recognition is nonlinear and negatively accelerating. At low levels of baseline attention, a small increment in attention improves recognition. However, as attention increases further, increments yield smaller and smaller benefits. This finding parallels work in learning and memory. In models that allow for nonlinearity, we find evidence that central features (eyes, nose, and mouth) generally contribute to recognition accuracy, potentially resolving disagreements in the field. We also find that the effects of attention on recognition are similar for ingroup and outgroup faces, which have important implications for theories of perceptual expertise. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

试论≪御制满蒙文鑑≫与≪蒙語類解≫的关系

This article attempts to demonstrate the relationship between qaγan-u bičigsen manǰu mongγol ügen-ü toli bičig and MONG Ŏ YU HAE from the perspectives of philology and linguistics. As one of the 18th century Mongolian textbooks of the Korean Translation Institute(Sa YŎK Won), the compilation style and inclusion of Mongolian words in MONG Ŏ YU HAE follow the characteristics of Qing Dynasty Mongolian dictionaries in many aspects. When conducting this study, scholars from South Korea and Japan also fully recognized the correlation between Mong Hak Sam SŎ and Qing Dynasty dictionaries. They put forward their own views on the issue of “Mong Mun Kam” mentioned in the “Preface to the Reissue of the Three Books of Mongolian School” . Chinese scholars have a low level of attention to this type of literature, and there is a lack of research results. The research perspectives of previous scholars have mostly focused on the ontology research of 18th century Mongolian language reflected in Mongolian textbooks, without carefully demonstrating the relationship between Mongolian textbooks and Manchu literature. This article is a supplement to this aspect.

Communication Development Practice of Sound and Rhythm Perception at SLB YRTRW Surakarta

The ability to detect sounds in deaf children often experiences obstacles, due to obstacles to the auditory senses. To improve the ability to detect sounds in deaf children, a sound and rhythm perception communication development (PKPBI) learning program is needed. This research aims to describe the procedures, methods, and tools used in PKPBI learning, as well as the challenges faced by teachers in implementing the learning. The subjects in this study were PKPBI subject teachers and four grade X students at SLB YRTRW Surakarta. This research used qualitative methods in the form of semi-structured interviews and observations. The results showed that the implementation of PKPBI learning at each stage has different procedures, methods, and tools. The challenges experienced at these four stages include the low level of children's attention, the degree of residual hearing that children have, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure.

Right up their street? News media framing of the protest activities of far-right movement parties

Far-right parties have increasingly emphasised their movement-like characteristics as a novel mobilisation strategy. Existing studies of these so-called ‘far-right movement parties’ have concentrated on their internal organisation and communications to understand how they mediate between a movement and party identity through their own actions. Yet research is lacking on how this identity is constructed and presented by the news media: a crucial interface between institutional politics and public opinion. This paper pursues this enquiry with a comparative analysis of the newspaper coverage of two prominent cases—the German AfD and UKIP—and asks how coverage of their increasing involvement in protests has varied cross-nationally and evolved over time. The analysis reveals the relative salience of the protest activities of the far-right, along with the associated social movement actors, issues and frames used in the reporting. It shows that far-right party protest receives a low level of attention and tends to be accompanied by delegitimising framing, particularly when associated (extremist) movements are also present. In both cases analysed, a critical juncture generated increasing attention to far-right party protest, but also more delegitimising frames. The study provides new insights into the structures and processes which influence how the media has responded to the new far-right ‘movement party’ form in Europe, with implications for our understanding of contemporary far-right mobilisation strategies.

Punishment or deterrence? Environmental justice construction and corporate equity financing––Evidence from environmental courts

In this study, we explore the impact of the establishment of environmental courts, an environmental justice system, on the cost of equity capital. Based on a quasi-natural experiment of establishing environmental courts in China, we find that they have a deterrent effect and reduce the cost of equity capital for heavily polluting firms in localities. We also find that a low proportion of managerial ownership, a low level of analyst attention, and high environmental uncertainty induce this deterrent effect. Furthermore, mechanism tests indicate that environmental courts enhance corporate environmental engagement and corporate ESG ratings, increase long-term institutional investor ownership, and reduce urban environmental violations to achieve a deterrent effect. The findings are more pronounced for the trial court sample, firms in cities with lower public participation in environmental protection, and firms with lower environmental information transparency. We also suggest the impacts and underlying mechanisms of the environmental justice system on the equity capital market, which is conducive to long-term planning by firm managers.

A system of principles as legal instruments that facilitate the achievement of the tasks of the coordination function of administrative and legal support for the coordination of anti-corruption actors

The coordination function of the State in combating corruption is the level of manifestation of the State influence in social relations and the main activity of the State, which consists in coordinating actions between different elements of the State apparatus in combating corruption, in coordinating actions between the State apparatus and non-governmental actors of the social system, in streamlining social and public administration relations, directing them towards achieving common goals or interests, and in which the method of direct imperative control is used rather than the method of coordinating actions in relation to based on common interests and/or competencies, in accordance with the principle of striving for ideal performance.
 Anti-corruption activities can only be effective if the principles of coordination of anti-corruption actors are established at the regulatory level and the principles of administrative and legal support for coordination of anti-corruption actors are established, which is due to the need for quick and complete coordination and its effective implementation.
 The need to study the principles of administrative and legal regulation of the State's coordination function in combating corruption is due to the existence of gaps in the theoretical plane of law cognition and limited scientific substantiation. That is why the issues related to administrative and legal regulation of the State's coordination function in combating corruption are relevant for research, and its principles are among the key ones in this context.
 In general, the coordination role of the state is hardly ever considered through the prism of principles. Given the extremely low level of scientific attention to the issue of administrative and legal support for the coordination of anti­corruption actors, its essence, features and directions, one of the priority tasks should be to define a system of principles of this institution as the basic and initial idea of the entire system of state influence on social relations. Even today, the principles of administrative and legal support for the coordination of anti-corruption actors are not yet considered fundamental categories, as many scholars still perceive them in the abstract and separately from practical activities.

Psychosocial factors affected by burden in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease.

Identify the psychosocial factors affected by the burden on family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. Forty-nine family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease, from a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil, participated in the study. They filled out a form of sociodemographic variables, and answered the Burden Interview Scale (BI-Zarit), Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Caregiver version (CQoL-AD), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Mindfulness and Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). All participants were female with an average age of 54.26 (±8.99). Daughters comprised 77.55% of the sample, and 34.69% were sole caregivers. The Bi-Zarit scale positively and significantly correlated with DASS-21 Depression (r=0.440; p=0.002), DASS-21 Anxiety (r=0.415; p=0.003), DAAS-21 Stress (r=0.583; p<0.001). On the other hand, it showed a negative correlation with MAAS (r=-0.429; p=0.002) and CQoL-AD (r=-0.533; p<0.001). This study demonstrates that family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease may be overloaded, and that the heavier the burden, the lower level of attention, the worse quality of life and the greater the possibility for the caretaker to present symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi Sirancak dalam Pelayanan Disdukcapil Kota Padang

This e-Government plays an active role in distributing government services to the community or the government works with the private sector and the community through technology to realize public policies and services. One of the government's innovations. The Padang City Population and Civil Registration Service is one of the government agencies that initiated digital-based service innovation, namely in the form of creating a service-based application related to civil registration called Sirancak. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through direct observation in the field. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of using the Sirancak application in Padang City Dukcapil Disdukcapil services. With the Sirancak application, applicants for population documents can submit their applications and monitor the processing process anytime and anywhere via smartphone, without needing to come to the office. The Sirancak application is also useful for increasing the accuracy and speed of the population data verification process. The Sirancak application is a means of monitoring employee performance and evaluating Disdukcapil services. Based on a Sirancak user survey, as many as 72% of respondents stated that this application really helps save time and costs in processing documents. However, there are obstacles in implementing the Sirancak application, such as the community's low level of technological literacy, technical problems, and attention to data security that need to continue to be considered and improved.

Artificial Intelligence-based System for Detecting Attention Levels in Students.

The attention level of students in a classroom can be improved through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. By automatically identifying the attention level, teachers can employ strategies to regain students' focus. This can be achieved through various sources of information. One source is to analyze the emotions reflected on students' faces. AI can detect emotions, such as neutral, disgust, surprise, sadness, fear, happiness, and anger. Additionally, the direction of the students' gaze can also potentially indicate their level of attention. Another source is to observe the students' body posture. By using cameras and deep learning techniques, posture can be analyzed to determine the level of attention. For example, students who are slouching or resting their heads on their desks may have a lower level of attention. Smartwatches distributed to the students can provide biometric and other data, including heart rate and inertial measurements, which can also be used as indicators of attention. By combining these sources of information, an AI system can be trained to identify the level of attention in the classroom. However, integrating the different types of data poses a challenge that requires creating a labeled dataset. Expert input and existing studies are consulted for accurate labeling. In this paper, we propose the integration of such measurements and the creation of a dataset and a potential attention classifier. To provide feedback to the teacher, we explore various methods, such as smartwatches or direct computers. Once the teacher becomes aware of attention issues, they can adjust their teaching approach to re-engage and motivate the students. In summary, AI techniques can automatically identify the students' attention level by analyzing their emotions, gaze direction, body posture, and biometric data. This information can assist teachers in optimizing the teaching-learning process.

Project-Based Learning Media: Embossed Maps of Social Studies Material Content

The lack of use of learning media in learning poses and the lack of visual learning media thus affecting the low level of interaction and attention of learners to teaching and learning activities. This study aims to determine the design, feasibility of media, and effectiveness of embossed map media. This research is development research applying the ADDIE model. The data collection method uses observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tutorials of the work. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive, qualitative descriptive, and inferential statistics. The results of the media were obtained to have validity from the test results of design experts 87.5%, learning material experts 90%, learning design experts 87.5%, learning media experts 88.63%, individual trials 90%, small group trials 91.6%, and field trials of 88.6%. The result of the t-test obtained tcount (11.368) is greater than ttable (2.262) so that H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that embossed map media has proven feasible and effective to be applied to class V social studies subjects.

Mental health among undergraduate psychology students from a private university in Southern Brazil

The literature indicates that there are stressful events that accompany the initial and final courses of undergraduate studies, which can result in symptoms of stress, mental exhaustion, anxiety, depression, and the prevalence of common mental disorders. In view of this, the present study is a qualitative and descriptive research aimed at assessing the mental health of students in the initial course and the final course of the Psychology undergraduate program at a private university in the southern region of the country. A total of 68 students were interviewed, with 50 in the first semester and 18 in the final semester of the program. Data collection involved a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Subjective Well-being Scale, and the Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure. The results indicate high levels of anxiety and insecurity among psychology students, as well as low levels of interest, joy, attention, engagemen, enthusiasm, disposition, productivity, and well-being.

Disclosure and Investor Inattention: Theory and Evidence

ABSTRACT Investors have a finite capacity to organize all information they receive from financial disclosures. Under rational inattention, we show that investor processing capacity affects the probability of disclosure. Our main result is that the likelihood of disclosure is inverse-U shaped in investor attention. For low levels of attention, more attention facilitates communication and increases disclosure; for high levels of attention, more attention better identifies, and therefore deters, unfavorable voluntary disclosures. We provide empirical evidence that the relationship between investor attention and management forecast follows the predictions of the theory, using institutional ownership as a proxy for investor attention as well as exogenous shocks to fund manager distraction. JEL Classifications: D83; G14; M4.

Factors influencing health-related quality of life for young single-person households: the mediating effect of resilience

Purpose: To identify factors influencing health-related quality of life for young single-person households, this study investigated physical and mental health status, health behavior, depression, resilience, and health-related quality of life. Methods: An online survey was administered to members of young single-person households from March 22 to 30, 2022. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and a simple mediation model applying the PROCESS macro model 4 with 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results: The participants were 229 members of young single-person households. Health-related quality of life showed significant relationships with residence (t = 2.80, p = .006), monthly income (F = 3.70, p = .026), mental health status (F = 20.33, p &lt; .001), and high-intensity exercise (F = 7.35, p = .001) among general and health-related characteristics. Health-related quality of life had significant correlations with depression (r = -.72, p &lt; .001) and resilience (r = .58, p &lt; .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that depression (β = -.57, p &lt; .001) and resilience (β = .21, p &lt; .001) influenced health-related quality of life. Moreover, resilience had a mediating effect between depression and health-related quality of life (indirect effect = -0.002, 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence interval = -0.003 to -0.001). Conclusion: Members of young single-person households tended to be more vulnerable to emergency situations, such as during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, when lockdowns and quarantines were frequent. To improve health-related quality of life in young single-person households, people with high levels of depression or low levels of resilience need special attention and support to promote mental health.

An EEG Study of the Influence of Target Appearing in the Upper and Lower Visual Fields on Brain Attention Resource Allocation

Visuospatial selective attention can focus attention on a certain spatial area and rationally allocate attentional resources during visual target perception. Previous studies investigated the behavioral advantages of subjects when the target appeared in the upper and lower visual fields. However, the neurophysiological characteristics of the brain are not clear, and there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the external behavior and the internal neurophysiological characteristics. We designed two task paradigms containing a spatial location orientation task and a visual search task. We used event-related potentials (ERP) components (P1 and P2) and electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythms (theta and alpha) to analyze the attention level and allocation of attention resources of the brain. The results showed that when the target appeared in the lower visual field in the spatial location orientation task, subjects consumed fewer attention resources and demonstrated better behavioral performance. In the visual search task, when the target appeared in the upper left visual field, subjects could better mobilize attention resources and behaved more advantageously. The study provides a basis for the design of the target in the upper and lower visual fields in the rehabilitation task, especially for stroke patients with low attention levels due to attention disorders such as spatial attention deficit.