Low-intensity Electromagnetic Radiation Research Articles

The influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation on the development of bovine embryos in vitro

In view of practical significance of modern electronics, the study of the impact of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on biological systems is relevant. Electromagnetic waves influence on reproductive function, affecting gametes, embryo and fetus development. However, there is still much that needs to be learned about this topic. Not all mechanisms of EMR influence on reproductive cells and tissues are known. As part of this study, an analysis of the effect of low-intensity technogenic electromagnetic exposure on bovine embryos was carried out. The goal was to identify the possible effect of EMR on cells and embryos undergoing gene editing in vitro. The results of this study did not show a significant decrease in the level of blastocyst formation in all experimental groups of embryos. The obtained data can serve as a scientific basis for assessing the impact of non-ionizing radiation as a technogenic factor on the reproduction of agricultural livestock.

The Effect of Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation of Extremely High Frequency on Heart Rate Variability

The Effect of Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation of Extremely High Frequency on Heart Rate Variability

Development of adaptive reactions when applying drinking mineral water and electromagnetic radiation against the background of a high-calorie diet on the model of experimental metabolic syndrome

To identify features of development of adaptive protective reactions when applying drinking sulfate mineral water (MW) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency (EMR EHF) against the background of a high-calorie diet and after its elimination at an early stage of development of experimental metabolic syndrome. Experiments were conducted on 40 non-linear male rats with 200-220 g. weight. The model of metabolic syndrome was reproduced for 60 days. All animals were divided into 5 groups: 2 study groups, 2 control groups and 1 intact one. Rats of the 1st study group were given sulfate MW in combination with EMR EHF against the background of a high-calorie diet, controlled by rats receiving only a high-energy diet. Rats of the 2nd study group also received sulfate MW in combination with EMR EHF but when the metabolic syndrome simulation was finished and the high-calorie diet was eliminated, control was done by rats that were given standard food after eliminating the high-energy diet. Liver, testes and blood were objects of the study. Light-optical, morphometric methods of examination and electron microscopy were used. The use of sulfate MW in combination with EMR EHF against the background of the high-calorie diet was the most cause of increased activity of the antioxidant system and the plastic processes were weaker; the activation of natural adaptive reactions was noted after the elimination of the diet that in combination with actions of MW and EMR EHF led to the further intensification of protein synthesis (RNA, DNA, total protein), intensification of cellular and intracellular regeneration processes. The identified adaptive shifts during the action of the studied factors were caused by their antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and detoxifying actions. The results of the study can be used to develop the problem of regulating adaptive reactions with the application of therapeutic physical factors and to create new highly effective methods of preventing and treating metabolic syndrome.

Modulating Effect of Extremely High-Frequency Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation on Tissue Oxidative Metabolism and Skin Microhemodynamics

We set out to examine the indicators of microhemodynamics and tissue oxidative metabolism in rats after their tenfold exposure to extremely high-frequency low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR). The aim was to elucidate the specifics of skin microcirculation and tissue oxidative metabolism following exposure to tenfold electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency. The experiment was carried out on 40 mature male Wistar rats weighing 200–220 g, which were kept in standard vivarium conditions under natural light regimen. The animals were divided into two groups with 20 rats each. The animals in the first group were biological controls and were exposed to false EHF EMR (placebo); the animals in the second group were exposed to mm-exposure in the morning, 10 sessions daily. On the 10th day of EMR exposure, the indicators of skin tissue fluorescence on the tail base were recorded. Tenfold exposure to low-intensity EHF EMR was shown to increase the concentration and intensity of NADH fluorescence, as well as the FAD and redox ratio. This indicates an increased cellular demand for ATP and the predominance of oxidative phosphorylation over other processes, thus demonstrating the activation of the respiratory chain. At the same time, an increase in endothelium-dependent vasodilation, a decrease in peripheral resistance, an increase in blood flow to the nutritive microvascular bed, and an improvement in venular outflow were observed in the microcirculatory bed. The conclusion is made that the modulating effect of EHF EMR is manifested in the rearrangements of correlations. Thus, the coefficient of variation comes to the fore – the final calculated indicator of microcirculation, which has strong negative associations with all indicators of tissue metabolism (FAD, NADH, RR). In addition, the amplitudes of endothelial rhythms associated with periodic releasing of nitric oxide by the endothelium show a strong negative association with FAD.

The Effect of Photobiostimulation by Light Waves in the Blue Range of the Spectrum on Microcirculation Parameters and the Activity of Oxidative Homeostasis Enzymes in the Skin

The study employs laser doppler flowmetry and laser fluorescence spectroscopy to reveal the changes in microcirculation and activity of coenzymes of oxidative metabolism in the finger skin under the influence of photobiostimulation by monochrome incoherent low-intensity electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 470 nm. Photobiostimulation with light waves in the blue range has contributed to an increase in hemomicrocirculation during and 15 min after the termination of exposure, while the indicator lymph outflow, on the contrary, decreased during the irradiation period and recovered after its termination. The dynamics of changes within the parameters of blood microcirculation, the lymph flow in microvessels and the indicators of oxidative metabolism showed that the skin microcirculation system is an important acceptor of the photobiostimulating effect of light in the blue range of the spectrum. Photobiostimulation triggers the mechanism of activation of hemomicrocirculation by reducing myogenic vasomotion, thereby increasing the conductivity of cardiogenic biorhythm in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed. With an increase in the level of hemomicrocirculation, photobiostimulation is directly associated with the activation of tissue oxidative metabolism.

Drinking Mineral Water and Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation Combinational Effect on Rat Testes in Metabolic Syndrome: а Randomized Controlled Study

INTRODUCTION. To correct disorders in the male reproductive system organs in the metabolic syndrome, it seems reasonable to use a combined effect of natural and artificial therapeutic physical factors – drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic interference of ultrahigh frequency – on an experimental model of this disease. These factors have antioxidant, cytoprotective and regenerative effects and can have a wide range of effects on various adaptation and protective regulatory mechanisms. AIM. To reveal the development of metabolic and structural adaptation-protective reactions in rat testes under the combined effect of drinking sulphate mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation microwave in experimental simulation of metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The experiments were performed on 26 nonlinear male rats weighing 180-200g. The metabolic syndrome model was reproduced for 60 days using a high-caloric diet. The rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st (experimental)-rats received drinking sulfate mineral water in combination with microwave electromagnetic radiation against the background of a high-calorie diet; 2nd (control) – rats received only a high-calorie diet; 3rd (intact) – rats without any influences. Research methods: biochemical, lightoptical, morphometric, electron microscopy. Significance of differences was assessed by Student's t-test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It was found that the combinational effect of drinking sulfate mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation microwave contributed to the enhancement of a number of adaptive and protective reactions in the testes of rats against the background of a high-caloric diet. They were mainly manifested in the activation of antioxidant protection and protein synthesis, improvement of spermatogenic cells differentiation processes and increase in their number, enhancement of cellular and intracellular regeneration. CONCLUSION. The data obtained can be used in the development of new approaches to the methods of adaptation-protective and compensatory-restorative processes enhancement in the organs of the male reproductive system in metabolic syndrome.

Effects of a New Herbal Formula and Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation of Ultrahigh Frequencies in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: an Experimental Study

INTRODUCTION. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is becoming a serious problem for the entire world. AIM. Experimental evaluation of metabolic syndrome-induced changes in the microcirculation, kidney structure, serum biochemistry, the stress resistance of rats and the possibility of their correction with complex phytoadaptogens (CPhA) and low-intensity extremelyhigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) and their combination. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The experiment was performed on 40 male Wistar rats (body mass 330±20 g), divided into 4 groups: Group1 – control, Group 2 – metabolic syndrome (MS), Group 3 – treatment of metabolic syndrome with complex phytoadaptogens (CPhA), Group 4 – treatment with CPhA and EHF EMR. In Groups 2, 3, 4, the animals received a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks. The CPhA of official 70% tincture of Glycyrrhiza glabra and 40% tincture of Rhodiola rosea, Acantopanax senticosus in a ratio of 1:2:1. Group 3 animals were administered CPhA for 14 days with drinking water after 16 weeks on the diet. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The study in question showed that a combined application of CPhA and EHF EMR has systemic effects on the nervous, endocrine, immune systems with changes in the content or synthesis of biologically active substances (hormones,cytokines, neurotransmitters) playing an essential role in the regulatory mechanisms of blood microcirculation. It is a very important aspect for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS), with endothelial dysfunction being the key pathophysiological element. CONCLUSION. Phytoadaptogens are promising drugs for the treatment of MS, especially in combination with EHF EMR, since their effects potentiate each other. CPhA affect the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome through several mechanisms; therefore, they are promising medicines in the complex fight against excess weight.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНОГО ЭЛЕКТОРМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ КРАЙНЕ ВЫСОКОЙ ЧАСТОТЫ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ТКАНЕВОГО ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО МЕТАБОЛИЗМА

The paper considers the indicators of tissue oxidative in rats after 10-fold exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range. The experiment was carried out on 40 mature male rats of the Wistar line weighing 200-220 g, which were kept in a vivarium with a natural light regime. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 20 rats each. The animals in the first group were biological controls and were in normal vivarium conditions, the animals of the second group were exposed to EHF EMR for 10 sessions daily, in the morning. On the 10th day of EHF exposure, tissue fluorescence indicators were recorded by the diagnostic complex “LAZMA MC” (Modification of LAZMA-MC-III, LAZMA, Moscow, Russia). The results of the study showed that rats exposed to 10-fold EHF exposure had an increase in the values of normalized NADH fluorescence amplitudes and an increase in FAD amplitudes by 82.5% (p<0.05) and 42.6% (p<0.05), as well as redox potential - by 36.9% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to with control. These changes indicate that 10-fold exposure to low-intensity EHF EMR causes an increase in the contribution of aerobic metabolism in rats mainly due to oxidative phosphorylation, leads to activation of the respiratory chain. It can be assumed that these changes in oxidative metabolism are determined primarily by the process of adaptation of microcirculatory blood flow to the needs of tissues for nutrients and the removal of metabolites.

Показники прооксидантно-антиоксидантної системи і білкового обміну у щурів, після впливу слабких електромагнітних полів

The purpose of the work was to study the state of the components of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and indicators of protein metabolism in animals after a long period after exposure to weak electromagnetic fields. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on three-month-old white outbred rats. The animals were exposed to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in the centimeter range for 2 months, 4 hours daily. The study of biochemical parameters of blood serum was carried out 3 months after the end of the experimental exposure. When conducting the research, an emitter in the form of a rectangular horn with a base area of 875 cm was used. Energy radiation was expressed in the power flow density in the area where the experimental animals were located. In the comparison group (n=10), animals were placed in a similar chamber every day, but were not exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Research was conducted in the first half of the day, taking into account circadian rhythms. The analysis of biochemical parameters of blood serum was carried out 3 months after the end of exposure, that is, for rats aged 8 months. Results and discussion. It was revealed that in animals exposed to weak electromagnetic radiation, after a long period after the cancellation of the action, there is an imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant system; activation of the non-enzymatic link of antioxidant protection is observed – an increase in the level of s-nitrosothiols against the background of a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation, which, in addition to a destructive effect on the cell membrane, is a necessary element in maintaining the system of renewal of functionally important component of the lipid layer of cell membranes. The experimentally established dysproteinemia (decrease in the α1 fraction and increase in the α2 fraction of globulins) in animals of the main group may indicate a specific change in the enzymatic spectrum of the synthesis of these proteins in the liver. The activation of antioxidant defense components that we discovered is probably a protective measure aimed at maintaining homeostasis after prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Conclusion. A decrease in the level of final products of protein metabolism was revealed: creatinine and urea, which suggests a decrease in the rate of protein catabolism. It is concluded that in animals, after a long period after exposure to weak electromagnetic fields of the centimeter range, the level of lipid peroxidation is reduced, specific changes in the indicators of protein metabolism are noted, indicating a decrease in the level of their catabolism. It is suggested that this may be related to a decrease in total muscle mass

Study of the Effect of Low-Intensity Sub- and Millimeter Waves on the Induction of Adaptation Reactions in Experimental Burn

Burns are an actual problem of modern medicine. Oxidative stress, microcirculation, and hemostasis disorders are important links in the pathogenesis of burn disease. It is shown that these processes are significantly influenced by the point effect of low-intensity (LI) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the millimeter (MM) and submillimeter (subMM) ranges. However, the final opinion on the advantages of a particular range has not been formed. We have given a comparative assessment of the results of the effects of various frequency-energy parameters of microwaves on the indicators of adaptive reactions in rats under experimental thermal trauma and viscoelastic properties of blood in the case of burn disease.

The use of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at an early stage of metabolic syndrome development (experimental study)

To reveal the features of adaptive metabolic development, light-optical and ultrastructural reactions under the combined action of drinking mineral water (MW) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) at an early stage of development of the experimental metabolic syndrome. The study was performed on 28 non-linear male rats weighing 180-200 g. Animals of the experimental group on the background of a high-calorie diet received at first (from the 8th day of the experiment) a course of drinking sulfate MW (24 procedures), and after its completion - a course of low-intensity EMR UHF (12 procedures), daily, 2 minutes per lumbar region in the zone projections of the adrenal glands using the Aquaton-2 device (power flux density 1 μW/cm2, frequency 1000 MHz). Animals fed only a high-calorie diet served as controls; intact animals were also used. The objects of study were the liver, blood, thymus. Biochemical, histological, electron microscopic and morphometric research methods were used. The combined use of drinking MW and low-intensity UHF EMR contributed to the development of adaptive metabolic and regenerative processes: the level of glucose and high-density lipoproteins decreased in the blood, antioxidant activity clearly increased in the liver, the content of RNA, DNA and total protein increased, and the number of dystrophic and necrobiotic cells decreased. Strengthening of the processes of intracellular regeneration was manifested in an increase in the number of mitochondria, peroxisomes, as well as protein-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes and polysomes. Functional activity of the lysosomal system increased. The number of nuclei increased In thymus and specific activity of the thymocyte genome increased as well. The revealed effects were mainly due to the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, and immunomodulatory effects of MW and UHF EMR. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the combined use of drinking MW and low-intensity UHF EMR can be very promising in the light of the development of new approaches to the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome in the early stages of its development. To optimize the adaptive-protective and compensatory processes, more adequate modes of combined exposure to MW and UHF EMR should be used.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НИЗКОИНТЕНСИВНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ МИЛЛИМЕТРОВОГО ДИАПАЗОНА НА ПИГМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ И ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. В УСЛОВИЯХ ХЛОРИДНОГО ЗАСОЛЕНИЯ

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMP) of the millimeter (mm) range (wavelength – 7.1 mm, radiation frequency – 42.3 GHz, radiation power flux density – 0.1 mW / cm2, exposure 30 minutes, once) on the pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of juvenile plants of Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Selyanka, under osmotic stress caused by chloride salinity. To measure the intensity of photosynthesis, we used the assimilation flask method according to L. A. Ivanov and N. L. Kossovich, a colorimetric method was used to determine the amount of chlorophyll in wheat plants. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using the Kruskell-Walliss test of reliability. All measurements and studies were carried out on equipment that passed metrological verification and expertise. The results of the study indicate that under the influence of low-intensity EMR of the MM range, the indicators of the amount of chlorophylls increase by 51.8 % compared to plants under osmotic stress; and compared with the control, the accumulation of chlorophyll increases by 23.2 %. In addition, the effect of this physical factor has a stimulating effect on the accumulation of chlorophyll and its content was 30.9 %, which is 46.6 % more than in the control variant. The stimulating effect of EMR is also observed at a concentration of 150 mM sodium chloride. With the use of EHF-radiation, the content of chlorophyll was 28.2 % of the mass of raw leaves, by 43.3 % compared to the experimental versions without the use of EHF-radiation. The intensity of photosynthesis under the influence of EHF-radiation increases in relation to the control by 14.0 %. Thus, a positive effect of low-intensity EMM of the mm range on the pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of Triticum aestivum L. both under optimal conditions and under conditions of osmotic stress has been established. The results obtained on the quantitative content of chlorophylls showed that their content increased both under normal conditions and under osmotic stress by an average of 20 %. An increase in the intensity of photosynthesis in experimental plants was established by 30.0 % in comparison with control plants under osmotic stress.

Influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range on the antioxidant system of juvenile Glycine max L. plants under osmotic stress

This study is devoted to identifying the adaptogenic effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the millimeter (MM) range (wavelength – 7.1 mm, radiation frequency – 42.3 GHz, radiation power flux density – 0.1 mW/cm2) on the antioxidant system indicators of juvenile plants Glycine max L., cv. Apollo under osmotic stress caused by salinity. The stimulating effect of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation on the content of proline and carotenoids in Glycine max L. plants was revealed. The results obtained on the quantitative content of carotenoids showed that their content increased both in the normal conditions and under osmotic stress by an average of 1.2–1.8 times. An increased content of free proline in leaves was found in comparison with soybean roots under optimal conditions and under salinity.

The influence of the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of mm-range on the ulcerogenic damages, induced by chronic hypokinetic stress

The antiulcerogenic effectiveness of the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimetric range was studied in the model of chronic hypokinetic stress. It was found out that chronic hypokinetic stress causes the development of the ulcerogenesis, the intensity of which depends on the duration of the stress factor, which for animals is being in hypokinesia. Along with this, the maximum ulcerogenic damages are registered after 10 days of the mobility restriction; this is evident by the increase of the affected animals’ number, and by the growth of Pauls’ index by 586 % (p≤0.05) in comparison with the first day of the mobility restriction.The application of the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimetric (mm) range has the gastroprotective effect in the conditions of hypokinesia. The effect depends on the length of the impact, the maximum ulceroprotective effect was observed after the ten-fold mm-impact: the number of the affected animals decreases by 50 %, Pauls’ index decreases by 70 % (p≤0.05) in relation to the same in the group of animals, having undergone the hypokinesia, and the index of antiulcerogenic activity of mm-impact was 3.3, (>2), this indicates the occurrence of the antiulcerogenic activity of the mm-radiation.

Adaptogenic effect of low-intensity millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation on Glycine Max L. under osmotic stress

This study is devoted to identification of the adaptogenic effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the millimeter (MM) range (wavelength – 7.1 mm, radiation frequency – 42.3 GHz, radiation power flux density – 0.1 mW/cm2) on seed germination and growth processes of Glycine max L., cultivar Apollo under osmotic stress. The stimulating effect of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation on seed germination, morphometric parameters (height of the aerial part, length of the main root, accumulation of wet and dry matter mass) in plants of Glycine max L., cultivar Apollo has been revealed. Thus, it has been shown that pre-sowing irradiation with this physical factor increases the salt tolerance of Glycine max L., cv. Apollo. Germination energy and laboratory germination increase on average by 8–12% at simulated chloride salinity in the experimental variants, compared to the control ones. The positive effect of low-intensity EMR of the MM range on the morphometric parameters of Glycine max L. was established, while the shoot height significantly increased by 14%, the length of the main root – by 18%, the weight of the wet matter – by 5–13% in the experimental plants compared to control conditions of chloride salinization.

Experimental evaluation of the radiomodifying efficiency of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in acute x-ray irradiation of mice

It was found that acute exposure to ionizing radiation at doses of 7.5 and 8 Gy leads to the development of bone marrow syndrome of acute radiation sickness in mice. On the 7th day after exposure at doses of 7.5 Gy and 8 Gy, the mortality rate of animals was 66.7%, on the 10th day 83.3 and 86.7%, and by the 14th day it reached 91.7 and 100%, respectively. Prophylactic exposure to electromagnetic radiation from a helium-neon laser modulated with preparations with the tissue of the hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse (P1-4) before X-ray irradiation at doses of 7.5 and 8 Gy contributed to a decrease in the mortality of animals from acute radiation sickness during the first 14 days, which was 28.6 and 50%, respectively. However, with this method of protective action, by the 22nd day after the radiation damage of 7.5 Gy, the mortality rate reached 64.3%, and 8 Gy-90%. On the contrary, with a therapeutic and preventive method of exposure to electromagnetic radiation by a helium-neon laser modulated by drugs with tissue from hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse (R1-4) after a radiation lesion at a dose of 7.5 Gy, the mortality on the 25th day was 23.3%, and 8 Gy 30% and remained at this level for more than 30 days. We believe that the increase in the resistance of mice to ionizing radiation and the different nature of the course of acute radiation sickness with preventive and therapeutic methods of exposure is due to several factors. On the one hand, it is the realization of antihypoxic, antioxidant effects when exposed to electromagnetic radiation modulated by drugs with tissue from hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse. On the other hand, the effect of electromagnetic radiation modulated by the preparation of the bone marrow and spleen of a newborn mouse has a cytoprotective effect on the bone marrow cells of mice with acute radiation sickness. It is also possible that this effect contributes to adequate neuroimmune regulation in the development of acute radiation sickness in mice.

Study of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells in rats with experimentally induced metabolic syndrome and after balneophysiotherapy

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MS) can cause impaired spermatogenesis and a decrease in sperm counts. However, the details of the effect of MS on developing spermatogenic cells remain unclear. Difficulties in solving this problem, the inconsistency of published clinical data, indicate the advisability of using experimental models to solve this urgent problem of andrology and reproductology.The study objective is to describe to investigate the specifics of the course of meiotic prophase I and the activity of the processes of phagocytosis and autophagy in Sertoli cells of rats with experimentally induced MS and in the course of therapeutic and prophylactic procedures during the development of experimental MS.Materials and methods. The animals were divided into three groups, each of which included four sexually mature male rats: 1st group – males fed a standard diet; 2nd group – males receiving a diet high in fat and fructose for 60 days; 3rd group – males with MS receiving sulphate mineral waters therapy, low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation therapy. Testicular cells were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. For the first time in animals with MS, an immunocytochemical study of the peculiarities of chromosome synapsis in prophase I of meiosis was carried out on the basis of analysis of spread synaptonemal complexes of meiotic chromosomes and immunocytochemical analysis of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells in squashed preparations of seminiferous tubules. The parametric Student’s t-test and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical data processing.Results. As a result of a histological study of the structure of the seminiferous tubules of animals of three groups, a statistically significant decrease in the indices of the spermatogenesis index in 2nd and 3rd groups compared to the control was revealed. Immunomorphologically, in the spread nuclei of primary spermatocytes of rats of the 2nd and 3rd groups, violations of the architectonics of nuclei, the formation of synaptonemal complexes fragments and circular synaptonemal complexes, numerous atypical inclusions were found. Signs of pachytene arrest were found in 40–50 % of spermatocyte nuclei. In the study of squashed cells preparations of the seminiferous tubules of rats of the 2nd and 3rd groups, signs of phagocytosed synaptonemal complexes were found in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, which were confirmed using antibodies to the SCP3 protein. Thus, evidence for the phagocytosis of degenerating primary spermatocytes by Sertoli cells has been obtained. In Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids, many autophagosomes are found, using LC3B protein marker. The presence of autophagosomes in Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells in animals of these two groups was also confirmed by electron microscopy. In male rats of the 2nd group, significant disturbances in the structure of the pachytene nuclei were revealed. In the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells and spermatids of rats of the 2nd group, lipid droplets, numerous phagolysosomes containing cell detritus were revealed. Structural damage and phagocytosis of mitochondria were found in Sertoli cells and spermatocytes. Аutophagy in Sertoli cells were most distinctive in animals of the 3rd group.Conclusion. In male rats with experimental MS, significant disturbances in the structure of the nuclei of meiotic cells, a high content of primary spermatocytes with signs of pachytene arrest were revealed. The results obtained are in good agreement with the data of other authors, who revealed a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the epididymis of rats and mice when modeling MS. It is assumed that the activation of autophagy is an important factor in supporting the viability of Sertoli cells and supporting the viability of germ cells in stressful situations, including MS. Apparently, autophagy is an adaptive mechanism that removes the remnants of apoptotic spermatogenic cells that are selected as a result of MS development.

Action features of the of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at an early stage of the experimental metabolic syndrome development induced by a diet high in carbohydrates and fats

The work was carried out on 40 nonlinear male rats weighing 180-220 g. In the experimental group, the rats were kept on a high-calorie diet for 2 months; in the control group, only the model was reproduced without the action of EMR/UHF; in the intact group, the animals were not exposed to any influences. The course of EMR/UHF (10 procedures) was carried out daily for 2 minutes on the lumbar region in the adrenal gland projection area using the Aquaton-2 device (power flux density less than 1 μW / cm2, frequency about 1000 MHz). The objects of the study were the liver and blood. Biochemical methods were used (RNA, DNA, total protein content, liver antioxidant activity, insulin and glucose levels in the blood), transmission electron microscopy, morphometric analysis of mitochondria (number, average and total area). The use of low-intensity EMR/UHF at the background of the MS development caused an increase in a number of adaptive changes: the level of insulin in the blood increased; the content of total protein in the liver increased, and the severity of fatty degeneration decreased. The ultrastructural reorganization of hepatocytes was manifested in the activation of the protein synthesis apparatus (the phenomenon of hyperplasia of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, as well as ribosomes and polysomes). At the same time, the total area of mitochondria decreased, although their bioenergetic potential increased due to the condensation of the matrix. The revealed adaptive shifts were due to the antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects of EMR/UHF on general neuroendocrine and local mechanisms. Low-intensity EMR/UHF microwave can be a promising factor in the development of new methods of treatment and prevention of MS. In order to optimize the adaptive-protective and compensatory processes, as well as taking into account the decrease in the number of mitochondria, it is advisable to use EMR/UHF in more adequate modes.

Changes in skin microcirculation in response to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range

The tissue microhemodynamics plays a significant role in a tissue homeostasis. Any pathological processes were changes in functioning of microhemodynamics. This is causes is significant interesting to safe methods for its correction. One of such methods is exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter (MM) range, which has pronounced of biological activity. The aim of the work was to identify changes in the processes of microcirculation in human skin when exposed to a low-intensity EMR MM range (wavelength - 7.1 mm; power flux density - 0.1 mW/cm2). The study was conducted on 40 volunteer girls aged 18-20 years. The exposure of low-intensity MM radiation was carried out daily for 10 days with an exposure of 30 minutes on the area of biologically active area GI-4. Microcirculation indices were recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry both in the area of influence of MM radiation (contact point of registration) and in the symmetrical effect of the area (distant point) to detect local and systemic changes in tissue blood flow under the action of this physical factor. The results of the study revealed for the first time that when exposed to low-intensity MM radiation, local changes in tissue blood flow in the contact point area were observed, manifested in changes in myogenic and endothelial oscillatory activity, starting from the first sessions of exposure, which indicates a decrease in peripheral resistance of precapillary sphincters and an increase in secretory activity of microvascular endothelium; changes in neurogenic oscillations-starting from the third session, which is accompanied by a decrease in arteriolar resistance; changes in pulse fluctuations - during the last tenth session of exposure, which is an indication of an increase in arteriolar blood filling. These changes were maintained during the entire period of exposure to this physical factor. Systemic changes in microcirculation parameters at a distant symmetrical point during the course action of MM radiation were characterized by changes in the neurogenic oscillator component, starting from the third session of exposure, and changes in the amplitude of endothelial and pulse oscillations - during the tenth session.

Study of photobiomodulation effects with violet-blue and red light in experimental oncogenesis

Introduction. There is still an open question about the limits of medical use of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical range in tumor growth due to the risk of increased proliferation of tumor cells. The conditions under which the tumor process is stimulated, as well as the mechanisms of photobiomodulation in oncological pathology, remain unclear. The aim of the study - in vitro evaluation and comparison of the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on the activity of free-radical processes in tumor tissue and blood in normal and growing experimental neoplasia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on biological material obtained from white non-linear rats intact and with subcutaneously transplanted cholangiocellular cancer MS-1. The sources of low-intensity radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm were led generators. The content of hemoglobin, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, changes in the overall level of free radical processes and antioxidant activity by induced chemiluminescence, and DNA damage by the method of DNA comets were studied. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric statistics methods. Results. The multidirectional effect of radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on free-radical homeostasis indicators at the early and late stages of tumor growth, as well as the dependence of biological effects on the wavelength of radiation, was found. Conclusions. The results obtained allow making a number of assumptions about the mechanisms of action of the optical electromagnetic waves on tumor growth, modulating free radical processes in the tumor-bearing organism.