Low Intelligence Research Articles

GLUT1DS focus on dysarthria

Research purposeGLUT1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the SLC2A1 gene that limits the transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier. Speech disorders and dysarthria are typical findings in patients with GLUT1DS, but have never been deeply phenotyped. The aim of the present study was to characterize speech abilities in a sample of patients with GLUT1DS. Results30 patients with GLUT1DS were recruited. We reported impairments in different speech and oromotor domains: the speech was characterized by dysarthria, inaccurate articulation of consonants, abnormal nasal resonance, errors in intonation and prosody and low intelligibility. We observed difficulties in motor planning and programming. Moreover, we observed a significant difference between the dysarthric level of impairment with genotype groups. ConclusionsThe presence of a speech disorder in patients with GLUT1DS represents a core feature of the syndrome. Our findings suggest that patients with GLUT1DS would benefit from a comprehensive neurocognitive assessment to detect strengths and weaknesses of the speech profile. Understanding the speech and language phenotype in GLUT1DS is critical for planning early intervention to positively influence the global development of patients with GLUT1DS.

Structural and functional imaging features of cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

The present study aimed to identify the clinical and MRI features of the distinct cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis (pedMS). PedMS patients (n = 73) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent clinical examination and 3.0T MRI. All patients completed neuropsychological testing, and cognitive phenotypes were identified by performing K-means clustering on cognitive scores. MRI metrics included brain T2-hyperintese lesion volume and normalized brain volumes. Within seven cognitively relevant cortical networks, structural disconnectivity (i.e., the mean percentage of streamlines connecting each pair of cortical regions passing through a lesion) and resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) were estimated. Three cognitive phenotypes emerged: Preserved cognition (PC; n = 27, 37%), mild verbal learning and memory/semantic fluency involvement (MVS; n = 28, 38%), and multidomain involvement (MI; n = 18, 25%). Age, sex, and disease duration did not differ among groups. Compared with healthy subjects, PC patients had decreased RS FC within the default mode network (p = 0.045); MVS patients exhibited lower cortical volume and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p = 0.045); and MI patients showed decreased volumes in all brain compartments except the hippocampus, and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC, MI patients had more severe disability and higher structural disconnectivity within four cortical networks (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC and MVS, MI patients had lower intelligence quotient (all p ≤ 0.005). We identified three cognitive phenotypes in pedMS that demonstrate the existence of a spectrum of impairment. Such phenotypes showed distinct clinical and MRI characteristics that contributed to explain their cognitive profiles.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF BALANCED NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOR WITH THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS

Background: Adolescents with poor nutritional status will have an impact on low intelligence, productivity and body immunity, while higher nutritional status can cause an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Research Method: This research is an analytical research with a cross sectional research design. The research uses primary data, namely data collected by the researcher himself in the form of data on general characteristics, balanced nutritional behavior and nutritional status of adolescents. The research also used secondary data from IKesT Muhammadiyah Palembang for the number of undergraduate students in Nutrition at IkesT Muhammadiyah Palembang. Results: Based on the results of statistical tests, it shows that there is a relationship between balanced nutritional behavior and adolescent nutritional status (p value = 0.000). The level of strength of the relationship is strong with a correlation coefficient value of 0.597. The variable relationship is unidirectional, which means that the better the balanced nutritional behavior, the better the nutritional status. Conclusion: The results of the study show that there is a relationship between balanced nutritional behavior and adolescent nutritional status, p-value 0.000 < 0.05. Balanced nutritional behavior can help teenagers maintain normal nutritional status and prevent nutritional problems

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Organizational Performance in Commercial Banks, Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal

The ongoing debate surrounding Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Organizational Performance (OP) has been a consistent topic of discussion across various cultures worldwide. This article aims to assess the current status of EI and OP in Nepalese Commercial Banks, analyze the relationship between EI and OP, and measure the impact of EI on OP. Employing a deductive research approach, the study utilizes a descriptive and cross-sectional research design, with the population comprising all employees in commercial banks in Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal. The sample size is 167, chosen through convenience sampling, employing a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale to collect primary data. Mean and Standard Deviations assess the status of EI and OP, while Pearson correlation matrix and linear regression analysis measure the impact of EI on OP. Chronbatch alpha is used to test the reliability of constructs. The results indicate a positive presentation of both EI and OP in commercial banks, with statistically significant relationships within the model. The analysis suggests that employees with high EI exhibit higher OP compared to those with lower emotional intelligence. Notably, social awareness emerges as a key construct significantly influencing OP, followed by relationship management and self-awareness. The findings propose potential benefits for banks in enhancing EI levels during recruitment, training, and development programs for their personnel.

Longitudinal Transition Between Regular and Special Education in Autistic Children: Predictors and Policy Effects.

Inclusive education policies stimulate children with special educational needs, including autism, to attend regular education. We aimed to explore change over time in school placement and transitions of autistic children since the introduction of an inclusive education policy in the Netherlands (2014) and to examine the role of individual child characteristics. This study used longitudinal data from 2013 to 2021 on autistic children (N=1463, aged 5-16 years). We expected an increase in regular school placements and transitions to regular schools. Surprisingly, the proportion of children with autism in regular schools slightly decreased. Special school placement was more likely for boys and autistic children with lower intelligence scores, co-occurring conditions or behavioral and peer relation problems. Younger autistic children and those with lower intelligence scores more often transferred from a regular to a special school. The opposite transition was more common in older autistic children and those with higher intelligence scores. The likelihood of special-to-regular transitions did not change, but regular-to-special transitions were more prevalent during the years just after the policy change than in later years. The inclusive policy had little impact on the school placement, and at most led to a delayed drop in referrals to special schools.

Efektivitas Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Emosional Siswa

Low emotional intelligence can have negative impacts on yourself and others because you cannot take an appropriate attitude. Therefore, group guidance is very necessary to increase students’ emotional intelligence. The research method used is Quantitative with a Pre-experiment design Experimental method. The reseach subjects 11 students MTsN 11 Agam those selected using Purposive Sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results of student data analysis after following group guidance 5 times stated that there was a significant difference in scores between the pretest and posttest of students’emotional intelligence after following group guidance.

Effect of Fluid Intelligence on Reading and Listening Abilities

The present study explored the effect of fluid intelligence on reading and listening abilities. A total of 50 undergraduate students (age ranging from 20 to 24 years) participated in this study. Data were collected using the shortened version of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, and the tests assessed reading and listening ability. The obtained data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test. Results indicated that individuals with high intelligence outperformed on reading and listening comprehension compared to individuals with low intelligence. However, no significant gender difference was observed in intelligence, reading ability, and listening ability (p > .05). The findings offer crucial allusions for educational institutions in designing the curriculum for students. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 9(1): 1-6, 2023 (June)

The Duties of the Guardian about the Mentally Retarded: Comparative Study of Qur'an and Afghanistan Civil Law

Idiot refers to a person who does not have the ability to manage his own finances, whether he is a young child or a person who has low intelligence or is mentally disabled in general. The Holy Qur'an has not allowed these people to enter and occupy their property due to the possibility of loss. On the other hand, the Qur'an has also mentioned the preservation of the human dignity of these people. In Afghanistan civil law, mentally disabled people or so-called fools are referred to with the word Mahjoor and, like the Holy Quran, they are not allowed to enter and occupy their property. Both in the Qur'an and in the law, the choice of a guardian or guardian has been given, and the powers of their property have been entrusted to the guardian. Using descriptive and analytical methods, this article has analyzed the defined responsibility of society towards mentally retarded people as a subset of Safha in the Qur'an and the Afghan Civil Code. Finally, it was found that there are shortcomings in Afghan’s civil rights against the daily needs of mentally challenged people, which are generally mentioned in the Qur'an, but ignored in the law.

An exploration into the causal relationships between educational attainment, intelligence, and wellbeing: an observational and two-sample Mendelian randomisation study

Educational attainment is associated with a range of positive outcomes, yet its impact on wellbeing is unclear, and complicated by high correlations with intelligence. We use genetic and observational data to investigate for the first time, whether educational attainment and intelligence are causally and independently related to wellbeing. Results from our multivariable Mendelian randomisation demonstrated a positive causal impact of a genetic predisposition to higher educational attainment on wellbeing that remained after accounting for intelligence, and a negative impact of intelligence that was independent of educational attainment. Observational analyses suggested that these associations may be subject to sex differences, with benefits to wellbeing greater for females who attend higher education compared to males. For intelligence, males scoring more highly on measures related to happiness were those with lower intelligence. Our findings demonstrate a unique benefit for wellbeing of staying in school, over and above improving cognitive abilities, with benefits likely to be greater for females compared to males.

Community Empowerment in Widodaren Village by Creating a Nutrition Garden as an Effort to Prevent Stunting

The stunting rate is increasing every year in Indonesia. The impact caused by stunting in the medium term is in the form of low intelligence and cognitive abilities, and risk. The long term is the quality of human resources and the problem of degenerative diseases in adulthood. Prevention of stunting can be done one of them by implementing specific nutrition programs with food security indicators through the development of local food based on nutrition gardens. This research method uses descriptive qualitative method. The activity begins by looking at the knowledge of Family Welfare Development (PKK) and Integrated Sevices Post (Posyandu) cadres related to the basic skills of Health Integrated Sevices Post cadres. Statistical test results showed a significant difference of 0.000 between the mean before and after the material exposure of 25 basic skills of Posyandu cadres in PKK and Posyandu cadres in Widodaren Village. This activity involved PKK women and Posyandu cadres with the implementation of a nutrition garden using aquaponic technology, a technology that combines fish and vegetable cultivation in one cultivation period. The next activity is processing the results of the nutrition garden in the form of vegetables and catfish into nutrient-dense foods such as processed nuggets and dim sum. Local food-based nutritional gardens can be an effort to prevent stunting.

Investigating low intelligence stereotype threat in adults with developmental dyslexia.

Stereotype threat (ST) is a phenomenon that leads to decreased test performance and occurs when one deals with added pressure of being judged on the basis of stereotyped group membership. The ST effect has been previously investigated in many contexts but not in individuals with dyslexia who are often stereotyped as less intelligent. Prevalent use of intelligence tests in job selection processes and employment gap between people with dyslexia and those without warrants this investigation. Sixty-three participants (30 with dyslexia and 33 without dyslexia; mean age = 33.7; SD = 13.7; 47 F, 13 M, three non-binary) were asked to complete intelligence test typically used in selection processes. All participants were randomly assigned to one of three test instruction conditions: (1) they were told the test was diagnostic of their intelligence (ST triggering instruction); (2) test was a measure of their problem-solving skills (reduced threat); (3) or they were simply asked to take the test (control). Results showed that participants with dyslexia in ST condition performed poorer than those in other conditions and those in the same condition who did not have dyslexia. This study provides preliminary evidence for diminishing effects of ST in individuals with dyslexia.

Research and Analysis on the Characteristics of College Students' Emotional Face Processing Based on Computer Vision Technology

The processing of emotional faces by individuals is an important basis for the perception and understanding of emotions. In accordance with the score of Schutte self-report Emotional Intelligence Scale (SSEIS), students in high and low emotional intelligence groups were screened out. Based on the computer vision technology, four kinds of emotional face pictures, including pleasure, anger, sadness and fear, were randomly presented with the help of the eye tracker, and four interest areas were divided into eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth. The eye-movement indexes of subjects were recorded, and common characteristics of emotional face processing of college students and differences in gender and emotional intelligence were explored. The results showed that college students had a positive bias to emotional face processing and a certain bias to eye area; the number of fixation points in high emotional intelligence group was more and concentrated, and the processing was more rapid and efficient, while the number of fixation points in low emotional intelligence group was less and scattered, and the processing efficiency was lower; female college students were more detailed in emotional face processing.

The impact of emotional intelligence on coping strategies for psychological trauma

The aim is to determine the impact of emotional intelligence on coping strategies for psychological trauma. Methods: The research was conducted using survey and testing based on diagnostic methods: Primary Care PTSD Screen, WCQ, EQ-test. Statistical methods were used: ANOVA, descriptive statistics, regression analysis. Two hundred seventy internally displaced persons (IDPs) aged 23 to 48 participated in the study. The study found that subjects with PTSD signs have low emotional intelligence (M=32.31±14.88) and confrontation (M=12.68±4.08), distancing (M=12.74±4.62), avoidance (M=13.85±4.97) coping strategies. Regression analysis established that a low level of emotional intelligence promotes confrontation (β=-1.926±0.296) and distancing (β=-1.198±0.386) coping, and a high level of emotional intelligence develops a problem-solving strategy (β=1.277±0.298). The results make it possible to expand the range of providing psychological assistance in overcoming psychological trauma through the formation of emotional intelligence. This will ensure the assimilation of constructive coping as elements of conscious overcoming of life's difficulties. Increasing the level of emotional intelligence and adaptive behavior strategies will help reduce feelings of stress due to trauma. The obtained results open opportunities to study the impact of emotional intelligence on individuals who experienced traumatic events. Studying external and internal factors contributes to emotional intelligence development. Identifying individual and socio-cultural aspects of coping strategies enhances psychological support methods. Understanding emotional intelligence's influence helps design programs to develop it and overcome psychological trauma, including telepsychology.

Inconclusive evidence for an increasing effect of maternal supportiveness on childhood intelligence in Dunkel et al. (2023): A simulated reanalysis

In a recent study (N = 1075), Dunkel et al. (2023) concluded that maternal supportiveness is important for children's general intelligence. Maternal supportiveness was measured at ages 14, 24, and 36 months while children's intelligence was measured at ages 14, 24, and 36 months and at 4 and 10 years. The effects of maternal supportiveness at time T (β = 0.12), of maternal supportiveness at time T + 1 (β = 0.08), and of the child's intelligence at T + 1 (β = 0.49) on the child's intelligence at T + 2, were all positive and statistically significant when adjusting for one another. However, it is known that such adjusted cross-lagged effects may be biased due to residual confounding and regression to the mean. In the present study, we fitted various models, including latent change score models, on data simulating the data used by Dunkel et al. We found discrepant effects. For example, a positive effect of supportiveness on subsequent increase in children's intelligence (β = 0.04) was accounted for by maternal intelligence (β = 0.01 after adjustment). Another effect indicated that low supportiveness may compensate for having a mother with low intelligence and allow children to achieve the same intelligence as children to more intelligent and supportive mothers (β = 0.34). These divergent findings suggested that it may be premature to assume an increasing effect of maternal supportiveness on children's intelligence. It is important for researchers to bear in mind that correlations, also in superficially more advanced forms like cross-lagged effects, do not prove causality.

Exploring the Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors of Parental Burnout among Mothers in Ibadan Metropolis

Parental burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, detachment, and a sense of ineffectiveness, has emerged as a significant concern impacting the well-being of mothers worldwide. This study aims to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and protective factors associated with parental burnout among mothers in the Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A sample of 357 mothers residing in the Ibadan Metropolis were conveniently selected and participated in the study by responding to the nine validated scales and demographic questions which assessed all the variables of interest. The findings reveal a 7% prevalence of parental burnout among mothers in the Ibadan Metropolis. Factors such as personality (neuroticism, conscientiousness and agreeableness), low emotional intelligence, and work status predicted or served as risk factors. On the other hand, resilience, marital satisfaction, and parental self-efficacy were significant protective factors mitigating the risk of burnout among mothers. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and the importance of raising awareness about burnout, promoting self-care practices, fostering social support networks, and implementing family-friendly policies in workplaces. The findings can guide policymakers, healthcare professionals, and community organizations in developing evidence-based interventions to support and empower mothers, ultimately enhancing their well-being and the overall quality of family life. Keywords: Parental Burnout, Mothers, Risk and Protective factors

The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Reasonableness of Adolescents with the Peculiarities of Child-parent Relations

Introduction. The article is aimed at studying the relationship of emotional intelligence, as well as psychological reasonableness of adolescents with the peculiarities of the mother’s relationship to the child. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that today in Russian scientific works the topic of psychological intelligence is not sufficiently covered. The study of its connections with emotional intelligence will allow us to understand the relationship between these characteristics for a deeper understanding of the emotional sphere of adolescents, and the study of its connections with the mother’s parenting style will allow us to better understand the process of its formation.Objective. investigate the interrelationships of emotional intelligence and psychological reasonableness of adolescents with the peculiarities of maternal attitude towards them.Materials and methods. Adolescents aged 13 to 15 years (n = 43) were studied as an empirical object. To study emotional intelligence, the methodology “Emotional intelligence of adolescents” by Sadokov and Voronkin was chosen, and the “Scale of Psychological reasonableness, SPR/PMS” was used to study psychological reasonableness in the adaptation of Novikova and Kornilova. The “Teenagers about parents” technique was using the peculiarities of the mother’s relationship to the teenager were established.Results. The emotional intelligence of adolescents tends to be low, while maintaining the average values of psychological reasonableness. Statistically significant negative associations were found between hostility, inconsistency, and criticality of the mother towards the teenager with factors of emotional intelligence and psychological reasonableness. A positive relationship was also revealed between the closeness of the mother with the teenager and his psychological intelligence.Discussion. The results obtained are confirmed in the concepts of other authors. Thus, the preservation of an average level of psychological intelligence with low emotional intelligence of adolescents is explained by the abundance of psychological information in the Internet space in which adolescents spend most of their time. Data on the negative relationship of hostility and criticism of the mother with the peculiarities of emotional intelligence and psychological reasonableness are also confirmed: parents who reject, ignore and criticize a teenager can mainly raise teenagers with a low level of emotional intelligence who do not seek to discuss their problems.

Evaluation of academic performance and social integration of children operated for hydrocephalus in Cameroon.

Low intelligence quotient (IQ) and delayed psychomotor development (DPD) are formidable complications of hydrocephalus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the academic performance and social integration of children operated on for hydrocephalus in Cameroon. The authors present a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from January 2010 to May 2020. All children less than 10years of age who had undergone surgery for a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt indicated for hydrocephalus with a post-operative evolution of 7 to 10years and who were attending school were included. Academic performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC IV), and social integration was assessed using the Vineland II score. Of the 45 children aged 7 to 10years who attended school and were followed-up, the sex ratio was 1.25 in favor of males. 77.8% of these children had a malformation with paralysis being the most common functional sequela (29%). 73.3% of our patients had good social integration. Fifty-three percent of patients had reduced academic performance, with non-verbal performance being the most frequent (62.2%). Long-term memory was the most impaired, with 73.3% having a very low speed of information processing. Non-verbal performance was the most affected (62.2%) particularly long-term memory. Forty percent had an IQ below 70. The statistically significant determinants of social integration were age, sex, malformative etiology, and good psychomotor development, and the statistically significant determinants of educational delay were age, malformative etiology, IQ below 70, and time to care. Academic performance was reduced in more than half of our patients, but most of them had good social integration. Early diagnosis and management improve the chances of good psychomotor development and IQ.

A literature review of outcome and treatment options after acquired brain injury: Suggestions for adult offenders using knowledge from the general population.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major health problem, often with negative effects on behaviour and mental health as well as cognition. Prevalence of ABI is exceptionally high among offenders and increases their re-offending risk. Information on risk factors for ABI and its outcomes among offenders that could guide effective treatment for them is, nevertheless, scarce and dispersed. However, there is a more substantial literature about the general population that could inform work with brain-injured offenders, especially when selecting for samples or subgroups with similar relevant characteristics, such as lower socio-economic status (SES), pre-injury lower tested intelligence score (<85) and pre-injury mental health problems. To explore brain injury data from non-offender samples of otherwise similar socio-economic and mental health and ability characteristics to offenders then, first, to describe their untreated outcomes and, secondly, outcomes after frequently used interventions in these circumstances, noting factors associated with their effectiveness. Three databases were systematically searched for the years 2010-2022; first, using terms for brain injury or damage and cognitive (dys)function, mental health or quality of life. Second, in a separate search, we used these terms and terms for interventions and rehabilitation. In the second review, studies were selected for clear, distinguishable data on age, sex, SES and lifestyle factors to facilitate inferences for offenders. A narrative analytical approach was adopted for both reviews. Samples with characteristics that are typical in offender groups, including lower SES, lower pre-injury intelligence quotient (<85), prior cognitive impairments and prior mental health problems, had poorer cognitive and behavioural outcomes following ABI than those without such additional problems, together with lower treatment adherence. With respect to treatment, adequate motivation and self-awareness were associated with better cognitive and behavioural outcomes than when these were low or absent, regardless of the outcome measured. More complex pre-injury mental health problems and social disadvantages typical of offenders are associated with poorer post-brain injury recovery. This paper adds to practical knowledge by bringing together work that follows specific outcome trajectories. Overall, succesful ABI-interventions in the general population that aim at pre-injury difficulties comparable to those seen among offenders, show that personalising injury-specific treatments and taking account of these difficulties, maximised positive outcomes.

Causes and Forms of Cyberbullying among Teenagers in Indonesian Urban Areas: Cases of Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya

The development of digitalization has had an impact on the increasing cases of cyberbullying among Indonesian youth, especially in urban areas such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung. This article finds out why teenagers in urban areas are rampant in carrying out cyberbullying behavior. The existing studies were examined to map the causes and forms of cyberbullying experienced by teenagers in the three cities by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Employing Anthony Giddens structuration theory, this article reveals that cyberbullying among urban teenagers is the impact of the relationship between agents and structures that shape social reality. In Jakarta, cyberbullying has emerged as a result of the lack of social support from peers and the low emotional intelligence that teenagers have. In Surabaya, cyberbullying arose as a result of lack of self-control and parental evaluation mediation, low self-esteem, and a strong desire for self-recognition in order to show their power. In Bandung, cyberbullying arose as a result of the anonymity and authoritarian pattern of parental care.

Does Spiritual Intelligence Link with Happiness and Psychological Adjustment among University Students?

Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is considered the most basic form of intelligence which enables an individual to deeply understand him and others and thus helps in achieving happiness and well-being in life (Subraniam &amp; Panchanatham, 2015). The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, happiness and psychological adjustment in university students. A total of 350 students (Men = 175; Women = 175) were recruited from the universities of Lahore, Pakistan. The age of participants ranges between 18-30 years (M = 21.76; SD = 2.07). Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and Psychological Adjustment Scale were used to assess spiritual intelligence, happiness, and psychological adjustment, respectively. Results revealed that spiritual intelligence significantly relates to and predicts happiness and psychological adjustment. As compared to men, psychological adjustment and spiritual intelligence were found to be higher in women. To conclude, students having higher spiritual intelligence are more likely to be happier and show better psychological adjustment, when compared to those who showed lower spiritual intelligence. In the future, spiritual intelligence-fostering programs such as community activities, orientation programs, spiritual seminars, counseling, and classroom activities could be catered for students.