Low Detection Limit Research Articles

Electronic tongue made of gelatin self-supporting films on printed electrodes to detect lactose

An electronic tongue was developed for the detection of lactose content in commercial foods. This was accomplished by employing optimized detection units comprised of gelatin films and information visualization methods for data analysis. The films incorporating gelatin, tannic acid, and zein, served as the basis for the sensors, whose electrodes were screen printed using carbon black ink. Self-supporting films were produced using various combinations of these materials, some of which had limited solubility in water (from 33% to 36%). They were hydrophobic and yielded reproducible electrical impedance spectra to be used as sensing units. Lactose detection experiments were conducted using various standard concentrations and commercial food samples. Capacitance decreased with lactose concentration at low frequencies, with films lacking a hydrophobic coating showing higher capacitance signals (exceeding 200 nF). Low limits of detection were obtained for the most sensitive films, as low as 2.03 × 10−19 mol/L, comparable to existing biosensors to detect lactose. Combining data from four sensing units in an electronic tongue allowed for the differentiation of lactose concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−20 mol/L to 1 × 10−6 mol/L using the interactive document mapping (IDMAP) projection technique, leading to a silhouette coefficient of 0.716. The discriminatory power of the electronic tongue was validated by distinguishing between lactose-containing and lactose-free food products. These findings highlight the potential of electronic tongues made with sustainable materials for applications in food quality assessment and lactose intolerance management.

Ratiometric luminescent simultaneous sensing of aristolochic acids (I-IV) by a novel metal-organic framework and its nanowire.

Aristolochic acids(AAs), which are a group of nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids formed by Aristolochia plant, have become an increasing serious threat to humans due to their nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Fast and accurate approaches capable of simultaneous sensing of aristolochic acids (I-IV) are vital to avoid intake of such compounds. In this research, the novel ratiometric fluorescence zinc metal-organic framework and its nanowire have been prepared. The two different coordination modes (tetrahedral configuration and twisted triangular bipyramidal configuration) within zinc metal-organic framework lead to the significant double emissions. The ratiometric fluorescence approach based on nanowire provides a broader concentration range (3.00 × 10-7~1.00 × 10-4 M) and lower limit of detection (3.70 × 10-8 M) than that based on zinc metal-organic framework (1.00 × 10-6~1.00 × 10-4 M, 5.91 × 10-7 M). The RSDs of the results are in the range 1.4-3.5% (nanowire). The density functional theory calculations and UV-Vis absorption verify that the sensing mechanism is due to charge transfer and energy transfer. Excellent spiked recoveries for AAs(I-IV) in soil and water support that nanowire is competent to simultaneously detect these targets in real samples, and the proposed approach has potential as a fluorescence sensing platform for the simultaneous detection of AAs (I-IV) in complex systems.

An electrochemical aptasensor for zearalenone detection based on the Co3O4/MoS2/Au nanocomposites and hybrid chain reaction.

Anelectrochemical aptasensor was used for the fast and sensitive detection of zearalenone (ZEN) based on the combination of Co3O4/MoS2/Au nanocomposites and the hybrid chain reaction (HCR). The glassy carbon electrode was coated with Co3O4/MoS2/Au nanomaterials to immobilize the ZEN-cDNA that had been bound with ZEN-Apt by the principle of base complementary pairing. In the absence of ZEN, the HCR could not be triggered because the ZEN-cDNA could not be exposed. After ZEN was added to the surface of the electrode, a complex structure was produced on the modified electrode by the combination of ZEN and ZEN-Apt. Therefore, the ZEN-cDNA can raise the HCR to produce the long-strand dsDNA structure. Due to the formation of dsDNA, the methylene blue (MB) could be inserted into the superstructure of branched DNA and the peak currents of the MB redox signal dramatically increased. So the concentration of ZEN could be detected by the change of signal intensity. Under optimized conditions, the developed electrochemical biosensing strategy showed an outstanding linear detection range of 1.0×10-10 mol/L to 1.0×10-6 mol/L, a low detection limit (LOD) of 8.5×10-11 mol/L with desirable selectivity and stability. Therefore, the fabricated platform possessed a great application potential in fields of food safety, medical detection, and drug analysis.

MXene@MnIn2S4‐Gated Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistors with Nanozyme‐Mediated Multiple Quenching Effects for Ultrasensitive Detection of Okadaic Acid

AbstractOrganic optoelectronics have attracted widespread interdisciplinary research interest but lags far behind in the application in marine environmental detection. The organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) shows promise as a powerful tool for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of marine conditions, which can be further enhanced by the valuable signal amplification strategy of nanozyme‐mediated catalytic precipitation. Herein, OPECT technology is integrated with nanozyme‐mediated catalytic precipitation for the first time, establishing an ultrasensitive detection platform for okadaic acid (OA). Specifically, MXene@MnIn2S4 (MXMnIS) hybrid composed of Schottky‐junction is synthesized via a hydrothermal method, which can efficiently modulate the device with high current gain. Linking with a sandwich immunoassay, the Ru‐C3N4 nanozyme with peroxidase‐mimicking activity can catalyze the oxidation of 4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol (4‐CN) to form an insoluble precipitate on the electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in the photocurrent and altering the transistor response. Importantly, the proposed OPECT biosensor presented an excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit (32.5 pM), fully satisfying the fundamental requirements for the quantitative detection of intracellular and extracellular OA in the practical culture media of Prorocentrum lima at different growth stages. This OPECT platform based on the nanozyme‐mediated quenching effect is significant for effectively monitoring the safety of the marine ecological environment and food safety.

Electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide paste electrode for detection of gemcitabine as a chemotherapy drug in breast cancer

The development of a precise and sensitive electrochemical sensor is essential in the field of medical diagnostics in order to identify gemcitabine, a chemotherapy drug that is commonly used to treat breast cancer. This work presents a novel electrochemical sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite and a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (Zr-MOF) with terephthalic acid as a ligand. Gemcitabine (GEM), a chemotherapy medication used to treat breast cancer, is detected with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity by the Zr-MOF-rGO modified graphene paste electrode (GrPE) sensor. By combining the strong structure and active sites of Zr-MOF with the large surface area and electrical conductivity of rGO, the sensor's design maximizes electron transfer rates and GEM adsorption capacity. The sensor outperforms current GEM sensors with its wide linear detection range (0.5–490 μM) and low detection limit (0.008 μM). The sensor's long-term analytical applicability is confirmed by stability and reusability studies, which produced accuracy rates surpassing 94 % and RSD values below 4.21 % in recovery trials using spiked human blood serum and urine samples. Overall, the results of this investigation show that the Zr-MOF-rGO/GrPE electrode has the potential to be a useful platform for the detection of gemcitabine in patients with breast cancer.

Design of a two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor to identify blood cholesterol in humans

The cholesterol detection of human blood using a two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor has been studied in this paper. The structure calculations are done using Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). Photonic crystals can be used to detect biological components by utilizing a two-dimensional structure and resonator nano ring. These nano rings cause waveguide and resonator coupling. The cylinders around the sensing region have investigated the improvement structure output. The quality factor and figure of merit (FOM) for this sensor are 4988 and 57.14 RIU−1, respectively, and the low detection limit (DL) is 0.001(RIU), with a sensitivity of 32 (nm/RIU).

Study on the lower limit of gas detection based on snapshot infrared multispectral imaging system

Study on the lower limit of gas detection based on snapshot infrared multispectral imaging system

Porous Prussian blue nanolayers formed in situ on Fe-MOFs-modified electrode surfaces by electrochemically triggered dual-templating effect for ultrasensitive detection of lead ions and Staphylococcus aureus

In this study, introducing Fe-MOFs as reactants to the electrode surface creates a novel mode for modulating interface performance that can lead to rapid enrichment of reactants in the proximity of electrodes by electrochemical-induced confinement effect. A facile, controllable, and room temperature electrochemical approach utilizes Fe-MOFs as nanotemplates to produce porous Prussian blue (PB) nanolayers on the electrode surfaces. Unlike conventional chemical conversion that needs a supply of exogenous acid regents, the electrochemical method creates a solid acidic condition in the oxygen evolution reaction cycle to release Fe3+ from the Fe-MOFs, improving conversion efficiency and electrochemical activity of PB. Furthermore, small oxygen bubbles generated by splitting H2O near the electrodes are also good templates, promoting the formation of porous structures that can increase effective surface area and mass-transfer efficiency. As a conceptional application, using Fe-MOFs as self-sacrificial tags, an ultrasensitive electrochemical platform with triple amplification is developed to detect Pb2+ and S. aureus based on DNAzyme-CHA cascade reaction. The designed platform shows low detection limits of 8.5 fM and 1 CFU/mL for Pb2+ and S. aureus, respectively. Moreover, the platform has high selectivity, stability and reproducibility, and also shows satisfactory recovery rates when validated using actual samples.

Dion‐Jacobson 2D Perovskite 2AMPPbBr4 with Type II Band Alignment for Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection

Abstract2D hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative material to address the environmental stability and the ion‐migration of the 3D perovskites for direct X‐ray detector applications. Nevertheless, the X‐ray detection performance of the 2D hybrid perovskites still lags because of its low X‐ray attenuation ability and limited solubility for thick film deposition. Here, a high‐performance X‐ray detector in Dion‐Jacobson 2D hybrid perovskite, 2(aminomethyl) pyridinium lead bromide (2AMPPbBr4), is studied. 2AMPPbBr4 exhibits an ultra‐short interlayer distance of 3.43 Å, leading to high X‐ray attenuation ability. Furthermore, DFT results indicate that 2AMPPbBr4 exhibits type II band alignment between 2AMP2+ ligand and the [PbI6]4− layers, facilitating effective spatial separation of photo‐generated carriers. The X‐ray detector made of 2AMPPbBr4 with an average thickness of 200 µm is realized via an improved drop‐casting method. An improved X‐ray sensitivity of 3933.88 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 4.17 nGy s−1 is achieved. This work paves the way for high‐performance X‐ray detectors based on the emerging 2D perovskite materials.

Construction of phosphatase-like COF-OMe@Valine-CeO2 nanozymes for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticides

Construction of highly-active artificial nanozymes for pesticides detection has great significance of human health and ecological systems. Herein, we have successfully designed a two-step approach to synthesize the TAPB-DMTP-COF (hereafter denoted as COF-OMe, TAPB, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene; DMTP, 2,5-dimethoxyterephaldehyde; COF, covalent organic framework)@Valine integrated cerium oxide nanozymes (COF-OMe@Valine-CeO2) with phosphatase-like activities, which can cleave phosphate bonds (PO) of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) for the formation of electroactive p-nitrophenol (p-NP). In detail, the Ce (IV)/Ce (III) species serve as the active sites to polarize and hydrolyze PO bond in OPs, and the excellent adsorption performance of porous COF-OMe toward OPs could promote the hydrolysis process of PO. Moreover, the efficient charge transfer at the covalent interface of COF-OMe@Valine-CeO2 also contributed to this excellent catalytic process. By virtue of those advantages, the COF-OMe@Valine-CeO2 electrochemical platform was successfully applied in methyl-paraoxon (MP) detection. The resulting electrochemical sensors displayed high sensitivity, a wide linear response range of 0.034–76 μmol/L, and low detection limits of 0.011 μmol/L for MP. The research not only provides a preparation method for COF with excellent nanozyme activity, but broadens some new insights for the design of highly efficient nanozymes for on-time detection for OPs.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of a Polyoxometalates‐Based CuII Complex for Efficient Catalytic Oxidation and Electrochemical Detection

AbstractThe development of eco‐friendly, high‐efficiency polyoxometalates (POMs) catalysts is vital for advancing catalytic oxidation and electrochemical detection in environmental protection. Herein, a POM‐based CuII‐containing complex with the molecular formula [H(4‐AP)]8[Cu2(H2O)4(P2Mo5O23)2]·8H2O (1) (4‐AP = 4‐aminopyridine) is synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and the crystal structure is determined by single X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). Structurally, complex 1 exhibits a one dimension (1D) chain arrangement, composed of CuII ions and Strandberg‐type (P2Mo5O23)6− anionic clusters. These 1D chains are further interconnected through [H(4‐AP)]+ ligands, resulting in the formation of a two dimension (2D) supramolecular network. Complex 1 serves as an outstanding heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS), demonstrating a remarkable conversion rate of 99% for MPS and a selectivity of 98% toward methyl phenyl sulfoxide (MPSO). In addition to its catalytic capabilities, complex 1 is also employed in the electrochemical detection of FeIII and CrVI ions, with low limits of detection (LODs) at 4.92 µm for FeIII and 7.82 µM for CrVI.

Electrochemiluminescence Systems for Metal‐Ion Detection: A Systematic Review

AbstractElectrogenerated chemiluminescence or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a chemiluminescence phenomenon generated by electrochemical reactions. Applying this phenomenon for metal ions detections is potentially effectual as it provides excellent selectivity and sensitivity as well as the ease of use and economical cost. Accordingly, the detection methods of many trace metals have been successfully developed by employing ECL systems, including Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Ag(I), Co(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ni(II), and As(III). There are several key components required to comprise the ECL systems, including luminophores that emit light and are directly proportionate toward metal concentrations, co‐reactants that increase the number of excited luminophores, and electrodes where the electron transfer occurs. Some new ECL systems comprising luminophores, co‐reactants, and electrodes have been developed to achieve impressive measurement results with low detection limits. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive illustration concerning the development of ECL‐based metal sensors, to elucidate a development overview of key elements employed in ECL systems and their modifications, explaining the different types of interactions due to the presence of metal ions in ECL systems, as well as to discuss the future opportunities and challenges of the ECL systems.

In-situ evaluation the fluctuation of hypochlorous acid in acute liver injury mice models with a mitochondria-targeted NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe

Acute liver injury (ALI) is a frequent and devastating liver disease that has been made more prevalent by the excessive use of chemicals, drugs, and alcohol in modern life. Hypochlorous acid (HClO), an important biomarker of oxidative stress originating mainly from the mitochondria, has been shown to be intimately connected to the development and course of ALI. Herein, a novel BODIPY-based NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe Mito-BS was constructed for the specific recognition of mitochondrial HClO. The probe Mito-BS can rapidly respond to HClO within 20 s with a ratiometric fluorescence response (from 680 nm to 645 nm), 24-fold fluorescence intensity ratio enhancement (I645/I680), a wide pH adaptation range (5−9) and the low detection limit (31 nM). The probe Mito-BS has been effectively applied to visualize endogenous and exogenous HClO fluctuations in living zebrafish and cells based on its low cytotoxicity and prominent mitochondria-targeting ability. Furthermore, the fluorescent probe Mito-BS makes it possible to achieve the non-invasive in-situ diagnosis of ALI through in mice, and provides a feasible strategy for early diagnosis and drug therapy of ALI and its complications.

Flexible Wearable Electrochemical Sensors Based on AuNR/PEDOT:PSS for Simultaneous Monitoring of Levodopa and Uric Acid in Sweat.

As a facile substitute for the invasive technique of blood testing, wearable electrochemical sensors exhibit high potential for the noninvasive and real-time monitoring of biomarkers in human sweat. However, owing to enzyme specificity, the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers by enzymatic analysis is challenging. Moreover, sweat accumulation under sensors causes sweat contamination, which hinders real-time biomarker detection from sweat. This study reports the design and fabrication of flexible wearable electrochemical sensors containing a composite comprising Au nanorods (AuNRs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for the nonenzymatic detection of levodopa (LD) and uric acid (UA) in sweat. Each sensor was integrated with a flexible three-electrode system and a microfluidic patch for sweat sampling. AuNRs immobilized by PEG-doped PEDOT:PSS showed excellent analytical performance for LD and UA at different potentials. Thus, the newly fabricated sensors could detect LD and UA over a broad detection range with high sensitivity and showed a low limit of detection for both species. On-body assessments confirmed the ability of these sensors to simultaneously detect LD and UA in real time. Therefore, this study could open new frontiers in the fabrication of wearable electrochemical sensors for the pharmacokinetic profile tracking of LD and gout management.

Sensitive Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Substances Using MXene-AgNP-Based Electrochemical Sensors.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a significant threat to the environment due to their persistence, ability to bioaccumulate, and harmful effects. Methods to quantify PFAS rapidly and effectively are essential to analyze and track contamination, but measuring PFAS down to the ultralow regulatory levels is extremely challenging. Here, we describe the development of a low-cost sensor that can measure a representative PFAS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), at the parts per quadrillion (ppq) level within 5 min. The method combines the ability of PFOS to bind to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded within a fluorine-rich Ti3C2-based multilayered MXene, which provides a large surface area and accessible binding sites for direct impedimetric detection. Fundamentally, we show that MXene-AgNPs are capable of binding PFOS and other long-chain PFAS compounds, though the synergistic action of AgNPs and MXenes via electrostatic and F-F interactions. This binding induced concentration-dependent changes in the charge-transfer resistance, enabling rapid and direct quantification with extremely high sensitivity and no response to interferences. The sensor displayed a linear range from 50 ppq to 1.6 ppt (parts per trillion) with an impressively low limit of detection of 33 ppq and a limit of quantification of 99 ppq, making this sensor a promising candidate for low-cost screening of the PFAS content in water samples, using a simple and inexpensive procedure.

Tag-free fluorometric aptasensor for detection of chromium(VI) in foods via SYBR Green I signal amplification and aptamer structure transition.

In response to growing concerns regarding heavy metal contamination in food, particularly chromium (Cr)(VI) contamination, this study presented a simple, sensitive and practical method for Cr(VI) detection. A magnetic separation-based capture-exponential enrichment ligand system evolution (SELEX) method was used to identify and characterize DNA aptamers with a high affinity for Cr(VI). An aptamer, Cr-15, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 4.42 ± 0.44 μmol L-1 was obtained after only eight rounds of selection. Further innovative methods combining molecular docking, dynamic simulation and thermodynamic analysis revealed that CrO4 2- could bind to the 19th and 20th guanine bases of Cr-15 via hydrogen bonds. Crucially, a label-free fluorometric aptasensor based on SYBR Green I was successfully constructed to detect CrO4 2-, achieving a linear detection range of 60-300 nmol L-1 with a lower limit of detection of 44.31 nmol L-1. Additionally, this aptasensor was able to quantitatively detect CrO4 2- in grapes and broccoli within 40 min, with spike recovery rates ranging from 89.22% to 108.05%. The designed fluorometric aptasensor exhibited high selectivity and could detect CrO4 2- in real samples without sample processing or target pre-enrichment. The aptasensor demonstrated its potential as a reliable tool for monitoring Cr(VI) contamination in fruit and vegetable products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Comparison of the Limit of Detection of Paracetamol, Propyphenazone, and Caffeine Analyzed Using Thin-Layer Chromatography and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography

TLC (thin-layer chromatography) and HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) in normal (NP) and reversed (RP) phase systems were combined with densitometry to analyze caffeine, propyphenazone, and paracetamol. This work aims to check whether comparable limit of detection (LOD) values can be obtained on TLC and HPTLC plates. Analyses were performed on five (NP) or four (RP) different stationary phases (chromatographic plates), testing, in both cases, three mobile phases. It is shown that by using both TLC and HPTLC plates, it is possible to develop chromatographic conditions that enable the detection of compounds analyzed in amounts ranging from a dozen to several dozen µg/spot. In the RP system, lower LOD values for all tested compounds were obtained using TLC than HPTLC. However, performing analyses in the NP, similar (of the same order) LOD values were obtained for caffeine, propyphenazone, and paracetamol when using both TLC and HPTLC plates. For example, during the NP-HPTLC analysis using silica gel 60F254 plates (#1.05548) and mobile phase B (n-hexane—acetone—ammonia, 25:25:0.5, v/v/v), LOD values for caffeine, propyphenazone, and paracetamol were 0.010, 0.046, and 0.030 μg/spot, respectively. During NP-TLC analysis using silica gel 60F254 (#1.05554 plates) and the mobile phase C (chloroform—toluene—ethyl acetate—methanol—80% acetic acid, 18:18:7.5:6:0.3, v/v), the values of LOD were 0.054, 0.029, and 0.016 μg/spot, respectively. During RP-TLC analysis using TLC RP-18F254 plates (#1.05559) and mobile phase F (methanol-water, 40:10, v/v), the LOD values were 0.019, 0.024, and 0.053 μg/spot, respectively. Therefore, for economical reasons, TLC plates should be recommended for analyses of caffeine, propyphenazone, and paracetamol, which are several times cheaper than HPTLC plates.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for cysteine and glutathione differentiation and its application for cysteine detection in foods

Cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) are crucial biothiols implicated in cellular redox balance, necessitating accurate detection methods. Herein, we developed a novel fluorescent probe based on the fluorescent dye pyronin (PYR), capable of monitoring both Cys-and GSH using ratiometric fluorescence signals. The probe, named PYR-CG, where "C" stands for Cys-and "G" stands for GSH, demonstrates selective detection capabilities for Cys-and GSH. UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectra changes revealed distinct shifts upon interaction with Cys-and GSH. Theoretical and experimental studies validated PYR-CG's responsiveness to Cys-and GSH, elucidating its mechanism as a ratiometric probe. Notably, PYR-CG exhibited rapid response kinetics for Cys-and GSH, with low detection limits of 88 nM and 164 nM, respectively. Importantly, PYR-CG demonstrated exceptional selectivity for Cys-and GSH over interfering analytes. Screening of molecules with similar structures to Cys-further affirmed PYR-CG's specificity, particularly towards N-terminal Cys-in peptides. Furthermore, recovery experiments underscored PYR-CG's reliability for quantitative Cys-detection in complex food samples. Our findings highlight the innovative design and practical applicability of PYR-CG, offering a valuable tool for sensitive and selective detection of Cys-in diverse biological and food samples.

A new sensitive fluorescence probe based on the molecular recognition for the detection of antipsychotics in human urine

Risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole have good efficacy in schizophrenia. Monitoring the concentration of antipsychotics in patients is helpful to provide a precise medication administration. Although many detection techniques based on large instruments have been developed, they are expensive and cumbersome, which are not conducive to clinical promotion. In this paper, rose bengal (RB) was firstly used as a low-cost fluorescent probe for the detection of antipsychotic drugs. Under the condition of pH 3.9, there is a strong negative electrostatic potential region in RB, which attracts positively charged antipsychotic drugs. This property allows the halogen atoms and oxygen atoms of RB to act as hydrogen bond donors to molecularly bond with the H atoms of the antipsychotic drugs, forming a non-luminous complex. The fluorescence intensity showed a linear quench relationship with the increasing concentration of risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole with low detection limits of 103, 82.0 and 81.0 μg L−1, respectively. This fluorescent method has good selectivity and can be successfully utilized in detecting antipsychotic medications in human urine and pharmaceutical tablets.

Dual-drive strategy-based modulation of the interfacial charge of S-scheme heterojunction and photoelectrochemical ultrasensitive detection of CD44

The efficacy of charge carrier separation plays a crucial role in influencing the practical application of photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection platforms, which can be meticulously engineered to realize highly sensitive detection at the sensing interface. Hence, a novel dual-drive strategy was proposed to integrate thermally-assisted external drive behavior with the internal drive behavior of sulfur vacancies (SVs), realizing the rapid separation of charge at the S-scheme heterojunction sensing interface. On the one hand, unabsorbed solar energy was utilized an external driving force to facilitate efficient photothermoelectric conversion within the In2S3/CdS heterojunction, achieving the photocurrent response intensity 1.5 times higher than conventional PEC detection methods. On the other hand, introducing sulfur vacancies (SVs) as internal driving forces induced ordered migration and directional flow of charge carriers. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results demonstrated that photo-generated carriers achieved rapid separation along the S-scheme heterojunction. Under the optimal conditions, a biosensor constructed based on the dual-drive strategy exhibited high sensitivity for the CD44 (cluster of differentiation-44) cluster, with a low detection limit of 0.132 pg mL−1and a wide linear range of 0.001 ∼ 1000 ng mL−1. The proposed strategy offers new insights into how to effectively harness excess energy in the traditional ultraviolet spectral range for ultrasensitive biosensors.