Low Coercive Field Research Articles

Structural modification and evaluation of dielectric, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Nd- modified BiFeO3 – PbTiO3 multiferroic ceramics

0.9Bi1- x Nd x FeO3 − 0.1PbTiO3 solid solution with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 were success fully synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction method. The effect of Nd3+ion substitution on structural, micro structural, ferroelectric, magnetic and dielectric properties of 0.9BiFeO3-0.1PbTiO3 have been investigated. The XRD analysis for the samples under study revealed distorted rhombohedral structure with R3C space group. 0.9Bi1- x Nd x FeO3 − 0.1PbTiO3 i.e. (BNFPT)x with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 compounds crystallized as single-phase materials with the same structure as the parent BiFeO3 compound. The SEM study revealed the uniform grain scattering for all prepared samples. Raman spectroscopy showed disappearance of some Raman modes indicated a structural phase transition with substitution of Nd dopants at Bi site and also confirmed the distorted rhombohedral perovskite structure of (BNFPT)x compounds with R3c symmetry. Dielectric measurements reveals that, around Neel temperature, all the samples exhibit magneto-electric coupling and also improved dielectric properties with addition of dopants in BiFeO3(BFO) compound. All the prepared samples exhibit weak ferro-magnetic character at room temperature. However, the variation in linear behavior and enhancement in magnetization is found at 5 K which shows gradual increase in remnant magnetization from 0.00785 emu/g to 0.37513 emu/g with increase in Nd doping for all (BNFPT)x samples. Nd doping reduces leakage current by three orders of magnitude, from 10−4 to 10−7. Ferroelectric study revealed the pinning effect in hysteresis loops with low remnant polarization and coercive field which can be related to the energy storage performance of the samples.

Ferroelectricity and Schottky Heterojunction Engineering in AgNbO3: A Simultaneous Way of Boosting Piezo-photocatalytic Activity.

As an efficient and economical way of dealing with organic pollutants, piezo-photocatalysis has attracted great interest. In this work, we demonstrated that ferroelectricity and Schottky heterojunction engineering could significantly enhance the piezo-photocatalytic activity of AgNbO3. The poled 20 mol % K+ doped AgNbO3 disclosed its superior piezo-photocatalytic activity of 0.131 min-1 for 10 mg·L-1 RhB, which is 7.8 times of the pristine one under the condition of illumination only. The designed piezo-photocatalyst also exhibited good piezo-photocatalytic stability after four cycles. These merits are attributed to the built-in electric field associated with the large spontaneous polarization and low coercive field originated from the stable ferroelectric state after ferroelectricity engineering, plus with the electron trapper effect of the in situ precipitated metal Ag particles. Our work not only provides a promising piezo-photocatalyst for degrading organic contaminants but also paves a good way for developing high piezo-photocatalytic activity catalysts.

Magnetic FeM (M = Ag, Co, Cu, and Ni) nanocrystals as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

Iron-based magnetic nanocrystals (FeM@OAm, M = Ag, Co, Cu, and Ni; OAm = oleylamine) electrocatalysts have been successfully synthesized via oleylamine reduction of metal salts method. FeCo is arranged in a body-centered cubic (bcc) unit cell, while FeNi, FeAg, and FeCu are in a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. All the samples have different morphologies with a diameter average size varying of 6.4 ± 1.0 to 21.7 ± 5.1 nm, depending on the bimetallic composition. The samples have ferrimagnetic behavior with low coercive field and high saturation magnetization values at room temperature. Furthermore, it has been shown that FeAg fits better in the solid solution category. Among heterogeneous electrocatalysts synthesized, FeCo nanocrystals show lower overpotential (−564 mV) in comparison to FeAg (−584 mV), FeNi (−666 mV), and FeCu (−591 mV). The Tafel plots showed that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity for electrocatalyst following a mixed of Volmer−Heyrovsky reaction mechanism, suggests that reaction Volmer is the determining step. In addition, all electrocatalysts showed stability in tests of continuous operations showing only low potential variation. The EIS study shows system characterized by two time-constant, both of them may related to the kinetics of the HER related to the charge transfer kinetics and the hydrogen adsorption. Thus, these materials are sustainable for electrochemical water splitting since showed acceptable electrocatalytic performance toward HER in alkaline media with excellent physical stability and abundance of active sites for HER.

Transport and magnetic properties in polycrystalline Ba(Mn[formula omitted]Cr[formula omitted])[formula omitted]As[formula omitted] and Ba[formula omitted]K[formula omitted](Mn[formula omitted]Cr[formula omitted])[formula omitted]As[formula omitted

Here we report the structure, electrical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Ba(Mn1−xCrx)2As2 (x=0.0-0.1) and Ba0.8K0.2(Mn1−xCrx)2As2 (x=0.0-0.4). Upon the substitution of Cr for Mn in BaMn2As2 semiconductor, it is found that the resistivity can be substantially decreased by five orders in magnitude without changing the structural symmetry. The XPS and Hall measurements demonstrate that the valence of doped Cr is +3 instead of expected Cr2＋, which can effectively introduce electron carriers. Meanwhile, a magnetic transition shows up at ∼40 K with small saturated moment of Msat=0.02 μB/Mn(Cr) and a low coercive field of Hc=135 Oe. The transition may originate from the change in spin re-orientation from ideal AFM to canted AFM state. For p-type AFM metal Ba0.8K0.2Mn2As2, doping Cr3＋ equivalently provides electrons to compensate the holes, leading to a metal–semiconductor transition and a similar canted AFM state. Our results demonstrate that majority carriers, resistivity and magnetism in BaMn2As2 can be controlled through relatively low levels of Cr3＋ doping.

Influence of particle size on magnetic and electromagnetic properties of hexaferrite synthesised by sol-gel auto combustion route

Magnetoplumbite barium hexaferrite (BaFe11.8Co0.2O19) is synthesised through sol-gel auto-combustion method under two pH conditions of precursor solutions (acidic i.e. pH < 1 and neutral i.e. pH = 7). The XRD analysis followed by Reitveld refinement indicates the formation of phase pure samples in both cases but the barium hexaferrite obtained from acidic precursor solution has smaller crystallite sizes. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis followed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) confirms a lower particle size of ∼20 nm for barium hexaferrite synthesised from acidic pH precursor solution. The shift in Raman peak (520-540 cm−1) by 20 cm−1, represents the whole structural block and further confirms the differences in the distribution of particle sizes due to the method of synthesis. The magnetic studies display a lower coercive field for the samples with smaller particle sizes. This is due to the crystalline size-induced microstrain that controls the magneto-crystalline anisotropy, shape anisotropy and stress anisotropy. The electromagnetic characterisation confirms broader absorption in the range of 8–18 GHz (X-band) with RL ≤ −7 db for the entire range for the samples with smaller particle sizes.

Growth of large size near-stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystals with low coercive field for manufacturing high quality periodically poled lithium niobate

Periodically poled lithium niobate is an important component in mid-infrared lasers due to its perfect nonlinear optical property. However, fabrication of high-power laser based on periodically poled lithium niobate is still a great challenge, because lithium niobate crystal wafer with large thickness for large clear aperture periodically poled lithium niobate is hard to be completely poled due to the high coercive field of commercial congruent lithium niobate (LiNbO3). In this work, we have successfully grown 3-inch near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 by efficiently regulation of temperature gradient with the aid of thermal field simulation. Characteristics on the as-grown large size near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 proved that the [Li]/[Nb] of crystal is around 1:1, and the crystal possesses a typical single domain with high optical homogeneity. Compared with congruent and Mg-doped LiNbO3, the near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystal has better piezoelectric performance. The forward and backward coercive fields of the near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystal were 2.90 kV/mm and 2.43 kV/mm, respectively, which were approximately 8 times lower than that for CLN (21 kV/mm). The periodically polarization experiments proved that only 1.36 kV can realize the complete polarization for a 1 mm thick near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 wafer. The mass-productive near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals grown in this work will have great applications in high-power mid-infrared solid-state laser.

Tailoring the coercive field in ferroelectric metal-free perovskites by hydrogen bonding

The miniaturization of ferroelectric devices in non-volatile memories requires the device to maintain stable switching behavior as the thickness scales down to nanometer scale, which requires the coercive field to be sufficiently large. Recently discovered metal-free perovskites exhibit advantages such as structural tunability and solution-processability, but they are disadvantaged by a lower coercive field compared to inorganic perovskites. Herein, we demonstrate that the coercive field (110 kV/cm) in metal-free ferroelectric perovskite MDABCO-NH4-(PF6)3 (MDABCO = N-methyl-N’-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium) is one order larger than MDABCO-NH4-I3 (12 kV/cm) owing to the stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the former. Using isotope experiments, the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperature and coercive field are verified to be strongly influenced by hydrogen bonds. Our work highlights that the coercive field of organic ferroelectrics can be tailored by tuning the strength of hydrogen bonding.

Axial compressive stress for depolarization suppression and source level enhancement of underwater projectors made of [011]-poled PZN-PT single crystals

Lead-based relaxor-PT single crystals of rhombohedral phase, such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3, exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties and are candidate active materials for high-performance underwater projectors. However, their low coercive field would cause depolarization under high ac drive field, making them unsuitable for high power applications. The present work investigates the effect of axial compressive stress on the depolarization and phase transition behaviors of [011]-poled 32-mode PZN-5.5%PT single crystals. Our results show that with appropriate compressive stress in the [100]-crystal direction, the magnitude of depolarization field of the crystal can be increased to close to the R-O phase transformation field, enabling the application of higher ac drive field. The result further shows that with optimal axial compressive stress, &amp;gt;5 dB increase in the figure-of-merit (FOM) can be achieved without dc bias. The effect of axial compressive stress on material properties of [011]-poled 32-mode PZN-5.5%PT single crystals are also presented, which are useful for underwater projector design purposes.

Enhanced electrocaloric effect, energy storage density and pyroelectric response from a domain-engineered lead-free BaTi0.91Sn0.08Zr0.01O3 ferroelectric ceramic.

A BaTi0.91Sn0.08Zr0.01O3 (BTSZ) ceramic was prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Its structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric properties were carefully studied. The Rietveld refinement was used to characterize the structural proprieties of the synthesized ceramic. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Phase transitions observed in the temperature dependent dielectric permittivity (ε r-T and tan δ-T) showed a transition close to room temperature, resulting in improved piezoelectric, pyroelectric and electrocaloric performance. In addition, it was found that an electric field poling process changed the character of ε r-T and tan δ-T plots. Resonance modes in the polarized state, where maximum power transmission was achieved, were observed in the impedance spectrum. The extra-slim hysteresis loops revealed a relatively low coercive field and hysteresis loss related to the diffuse phase transition, which can significantly improve energy storage efficiency up to 75% at 100 °C. To characterize the electrocaloric effect (ECE), indirect and direct methods based on the thermodynamic approach were used. Both methods results showed good consistency and revealed a large ECE peak evolving along the phase diagram. Furthermore, pyroelectric figures of merit (FOMs) for voltage responsivity (F v), current responsivity (F i), energy harvesting (F E), new energy harvesting and detectivity (F d) were calculated. Finally, thermal energy harvesting (N D) was determined by using the Olsen cycle. The obtained maximum N D was 233.7 kJ m-3 when the Olsen cycle operated at 25-100 °C and 0-30 kV cm-1. This study introduces not only a technique to produce a high performance ceramic for refrigeration devices, but also broadens the range of applications for BT-based lead-free ferroelectrics beyond actuators, sensors, and energy harvesting to solid-state cooling.

Unusual symmetry breaking in high-temperature enantiomeric ferroelectrics with large spontaneous polarization.

Chiral organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have gained extensive research interest due to their combination of chirality and the excellent optical, electrical and spin properties of perovskite materials, especially in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. Herein, we report two-dimensional organic-inorganic perovskite enantiomeric ferroelectric [(R)-β-MPA]2CdCl4 (1) and [(S)-β-MPA]2CdCl4 (2) (MPA+ =methylphenethylammonium). Their mirror relationships are verified by both circular dichroism (CD) and crystal structures. At the same time, the two exhibit very similar ferroelectricity and related properties, including high Curie temperature (343 K), large spontaneous polarization (4.65 μC cm-2), and low coercive force field (13 kV cm-1). Unusually, at room temperature the crystal phase is monoclinic with the space group C2 and above the phase transition temperature it is triclinic with the space group P1, which means that the symmetry decreases with the increase of temperature. In addition, it exhibits a flexible switchable SHG response, while [(R)-β-MPA]2CdCl4 and [(S)-β-MPA]2CdCl4 have wide band gaps of 4.21 and 4.26 eV, respectively, mainly contributed by inorganic CdCl6 octahedra. This discovery opens a new way for the construction of two-dimensional enantiomeric molecular ferroelectrics.

Stable room temperature ferroelectricity in hydrogen-bonded supramolecular assemblies of ambipolar π-systems.

This article reports H-bonding driven supramolecular polymerization of naphthalimide (A)–thiophene (D)–naphthalimide (A) (ADnA, n = 1–4) conjugated ambipolar π-systems and its remarkable impact on room temperature ferroelectricity. Electrochemical studies confirm the ambipolar nature of these ADnA molecules with the HOMO–LUMO gap varying between 2.05 and 2.29 eV. Electron density mapping from ESP calculations reveals intra-molecular charge separation as typically observed in ambipolar systems. In the aggregated state, AD1A and AD2A exhibit bathochromically shifted absorption bands while AD3A and AD4A show typical H-aggregation with a hypsochromic shift. Polarization vs. electric field (P–E) measurements reveal stable room temperature ferroelectricity for these supramolecular assemblies, most prominent for the AD2A system, with a Curie temperature (Tc) ≈ 361 K and saturation polarization (Ps) of ∼2 μC cm−2 at a rather low coercive field of ∼2 kV cm−1. Control molecules, lacking either the ambipolar chromophore or the amide functionality, do not show any ferroelectricity, vindicating the present molecular and supramolecular design. Computational studies enable structural optimization of the stacked oligomer(s) of AD2A molecules and reveal a significant increase in the macro-dipole moment (in the range of 10–12 Debye) going from the monomer to the oligomer(s), which provides the rationale for the origin of ferroelectricity in these supramolecular polymers.

Influence of Plasma Treatment Conditions on Structural-Phase Composition and Magnetic Properties of Barium Hexaferrite (M-type) Films on C-Sapphire

In the work investigated the influence of plasma treatment conditions on the structural-phase composition and magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite films (0001) BaFe12O19 on C-sapphire. Two treatment modes were used: with a weight average plasma temperature of 4-5 kK and 8-10 kK. It has been shown that the films obtained at the low treatment temperature have a pronounced magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetization of 42 emu/g. The films obtained at high temperature have weak magnetic anisotropy, but have a higher saturation magnetization value of 62 emu/g. All films have low coercive fields of less than 500 Oe, which indicates the low magnetic hardness of barium hexaferrite samples and the possibility of their use as magnetic conductors of transformers, electromagnets, in measuring devices. The presented results demonstrate the promise of the plasma treatment technique in the formation of coatings with high anisotropy. Keywords: barium hexaferrite, sapphire, plasmatron, magnetization.

Влияние условий плазменной обработки на структурно-фазовый состав и магнитные свойства пленок гексаферрита бария (M-типа) на c-сапфире

In the work investigated the influence of plasma treatment conditions on the structural-phase composition and magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite films (0001) BaFe12O19 on C-sapphire. Two treatment modes were used: with a weight average plasma temperature of 4÷5kK and 8÷10kK. It has been shown that the films obtained at the low treatment temperature have a pronounced magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetization of 42 emu/g. The films obtained at high temperature have weak magnetic anisotropy, but have a higher saturation magnetization value of 62 emu/g. All films have low coercive fields of less than 500 Oe, which indicates the low magnetic hardness of barium hexaferrite samples and the possibility of their use as magnetic conductors of transformers, electromagnets, in measuring devices. The presented results demonstrate the promise of the plasma treatment technique in the formation of coatings with high anisotropy.

FeZrN Films: Magnetic and Mechanical Properties Relative to the Phase-Structural State.

The paper presents results of investigation of Fe65.3–100Zr34.7–0N7.5–0 films prepared by dc magnetron deposition on glass substrates and subsequent 1-hour annealing at temperatures of 300–600 °C. The influence of the chemical and phase compositions and structure of the films, which were studied by TEM, SEM, XRD, and GDOES, on their mechanical properties determined by nanoindentation and static magnetic properties measured by VSM method is analyzed. The studied films exhibit the hardness within a range of 14–21 GPa, low elastic modulus (the value can reach 156 Gpa), and an elastic recovery of 55–83%. It was shown that the films are strong ferromagnets with the high saturation induction Bs (up to 2.1 T) and low coercive field Hc (as low as 40 A/m). The correlations between the magnetic and mechanical properties, on one hand, and the chemical composition of the films, their phase, and structural states as well, on the other hand, are discussed.

The Magnetic Susceptibility Bifurcation in the Ni-Doped Sb2Te3 Topological Insulator with Antiferromagnetic Order Accompanied by Weak Ferromagnetic Alignment

The magnetic susceptibility reveals a discontinuity at Néel temperature and a hysteresis loop with low coercive field was observed below Néel temperature. The magnetic susceptibility of zero field cool and field cool processes coincide at a temperature above the discontinuity, and they split at temperature blow the discontinuity. The magnetic susceptibility splitting is larger at lower external magnetic fields. No more magnetic susceptibility splitting was observed at a magnetic field above 7000 Oe which is consistent with the magnetic anisotropy energy. Our study supports that these magnetic susceptibility characteristics originate from an antiferromagnetic order accompanied by weak ferromagnetism.

The effect of thickness-dependent strain relaxation on magnetoelectric behaviors for highly c-axis oriented BiFeO3 films on Si substrate

The thickness-dependent strain-relaxation behavior and the associated impacts upon the magnetic, electric properties and magnetoelectric coupling effect for the highly c-axis oriented BiFeO3 (BFO) film films grown on (001) oriented Si substrate were studied. The result shown that the value of remnant polarization and coercive field were suppressed as the strain relaxes with increasing thickness. The BFO films also presented typical weak ferromagnetic hysteresis loops with a low coercive field and small remnant magnetization, and the saturated magnetization and remnant magnetization decreasing with increasing film thickness. The room temperature dynamic magnetoelectric coupling was approved by the transverse magnetoelectric voltage coefficients, which also decreased with strain relaxation due to the increase of thickness, and the maximum was around 265 mV/cm.Oe when the film thickness is 50 nm.

Spontaneous polarization and DC resistivity investigations in Ba[1.6-(3x/2)]Sr2.4ErxNa1.4Li0.6Nb10O30 tungsten bronze structured nano-phased relaxor ferroelectrics

Spontaneous polarization and DC resistivity investigations in Er+3 doped nano-structured relaxor ferroelectrics, viz., Ba[1.6-(3x/2)]Sr2.4ErxNa1.4Li0.6Nb10O30 for x in the range of 0–1 with 0.1 step are reported. Spontaneous polarization and remnant polarization exhibit enhancement with Er doping. For x equal to 0.1 normal ferroelectric behaviour observed. For x equal to 0.2 and 0.3, relaxor nature with low Pr value observed. A transition from normal FE relaxor to a linear dielectric behaviour is observed with doping. Smeared dielectric anomaly addressed by subtle morphotropic transformation from commensurate to incommensurate phases. Er content with x equal to 0.2 and 0.3 exposed to 20KV/cm vouched greater charge storage, slim hysteresis and low coercive field. Overall decreasing trend of polarization for 0.4 < x < 1.0 inferred resumption of paraelectric behaviour with doping due to induced defects and electron traps. Reduced ferroelectric response with increasing Er3+ doping is addressed by decreasing particle/grain size. Distinct slopes of resistivity plots vouched for low temperature PTCR, and medium or high temperature NTC behaviour. At low temperatures, the vacancies at grain boundaries exhibit diffusion. For medium temperatures, hybrid transport mechanism contributed by electrons and defects proposed. At higher temperatures, polaron hopping process takes lead to realize super-Para-Electric (SPE) behavior. Heterogeneous electric profiles and striations result for diffused DC resistivity and mediated by compensation of global charge by local charge. NTC behaviour in medium and high temperature regions addressed by diversity of potential barrier and conductivity paths across the grain boundaries. Er doping for BSNN resulted for distinct PTC, relaxor and NTC behavior. NTC behaviour in higher temperatures is attributed to eventual release of charge carriers from the Oxygen vacancies. Low ranged activation energy Ea due to relaxing behavior of charge carriers involves mobile dipoles, holes or defects with deep acceptor traps. Relatively lower activation energies by Er+3 doping at low and medium temperatures are indirectly tuned by Oxygen ion vacancies and entangled dipoles, while the latter get freed at higher temperatures to exhibit Super Para Electric behaviour.

Enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties of chemical solution processed lead-free Ba1− x Ca x Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 thin films

Lead-free Ba1− x Ca x Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 thin films were deposited by sol-gel synthesis route. Dielectric studies demonstrate that the BCZT film for x = 0.15 exhibits a high dielectric constant ε ′∼5838 and a low loss tan δ∼0.070 at 10 kHz. The BCZT thin films exhibited ferroelectric properties with a high saturation and remnant polarization P s∼25.5 μC/cm2 and P r∼13.8 μC/cm2, respectively, and a low coercive field E c∼15.04 kV/cm observed for sample with x = 0.15. The enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties at x = 0.15 may be due to its morphotropic phase boundary composition.

Production of Fe-6.9 wt%Ti alloy sheets for application in electric machines: Physical properties characterization

Early structural damage and resulting failures can be caused by vibration in AC electrical machines. Since the stator is under a magnetic field that varies with time, the stator magnetic material contracts and expands due to the magnetostriction, producing noise and vibration. Therefore, a low magnetostriction value is desirable to minimize the effect of vibration and avoid earlier motor breakdowns. However, not only a low magnetostriction value is enough. Low values of magnetic losses avoid the material heating, consequently preventing magnetic properties degradation. To minimize these magnetic losses, a suitable material might have high resistivity and magnetic permeability, and also low coercive field. Fe-Ti alloys have low magnetostriction values and are soft magnetic material, making them good candidates for using in motors’ stators. In the present work, two Fe-Ti alloys with composition 6.9 wt% Ti (8 at.%) were studied. One of the alloys was studied after the as cast ingot annealing at 1200 °C. The other alloy was hot rolled from 7 mm down to 0.5 mm of thickness. The maximum magnetic induction of the rolled alloy was 1.74 T, about 12% higher than the not rolled one. In addition, the rolled Fe-Ti alloy magnetostriction is lower than 1 ppm up to 1.25 T, while in the not rolled condition is also 1 ppm, but only up to 0.75 T.

A wearable, nozzle‑diffuser microfluidic pump based on high‑performance ferroelectric nanocomposites

New target applications for microfluidic devices have been focused on home usability, wearability and cost-effectiveness. Towards these goals, in this work, a controllable, bendable, and all‑organic, nozzle‑diffuser microfluidic pump was designed, fabricated and tested. First, to resolve the crucial issue of high driving voltage, the ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‑trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‑TrFE)) was optimized by adding core‑shell structured Al2O3@CNT nanofillers. The membrane so developed with 1.1 wt% Al2O3@CNT showed an increase by nearly 7 times in the induced strain in comparison to the neat P(VDF‑TrFE) at low electric fields, because the modified membrane simultaneously achieved a lower coercive electric field and a higher polarization. Accordingly, the required operating voltage of the microfluidic pump integrated with optimized membrane significantly decreased from 1000 V to 160 V. Meanwhile, this pump exhibited a wider range of flow rates (13–135 µL/min) than the reported results, associated with the higher output pressure in our membranes. Importantly, the designed pump still possessed an excellent controllability of the fluidic processes, though it underwent a large bending up to 74°. Consequently, the extremely promising application of the as‑prepared microfluidic pump in wearable, biomedical devices was demonstrated.