Lonicera Kamtschatica Research Articles

Protocols for Adventitious Regeneration of Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii and Lonicera kamtschatica 'Jugana'.

The aim of this work was to assess the regeneration capacity of Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii and Lonicera kamtschatica cv. ‘Jugana’ from different types of explants under various hormonal treatments. The whole leaves, petioles, and internodal segments of in vitro plants were examined as explants. Several plant growth regulators (cytokinins and auxins) were evaluated for their ability to induce adventitious regeneration. Direct and indirect organogenesis was achieved under certain culture conditions in both species. The frequency of shoot regeneration was strongly dependent on concentrations of plant growth regulators in the induction media (L. kamtschatica ‘Jugana’) or concentrations of plant growth regulators in the induction media and type of explant (A. alnifolia var. cusickii). Results showed that leaves were not suitable explants for A. alnifolia var. cusickii. Both species were able to regenerate shoots from internodal segments and petioles. The highest induction of shoots was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with 2 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for Amelanchier alnifolia and with 1 mg/L TDZ and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for L. kamtschatica ‘Jugana’. Obtained adventitious shoots were further proliferated in order to investigate their multiplication capacity. The multiplication of shoots was successful in all cultivars, with the best results reported in A. alnifolia var. cusickii (7.07 shoots/explant on average).

The Elucidation of Total Polyphenols, Individual Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity of Three Underutilized Fruit Species—Black Crowberry, Honeyberry, European Cranberry with Their Accumulation

Total polyphenols content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and polyphenolic spectrum assay of three underutilized fruit species—black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), honeyberry (Lonicera kamtschatica) and European cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos) is the aim of the present work. TPC and AA assay was performed by spectrophotometry and “individual phenolic compounds” were established by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that TPC ranged from 1.61 ± 0.16 (European cranberry) up to 5.65 ± 0.01 (Black cowberry) gallic acid mg/g fresh weight. The highest value of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay was determined in black crowberry fruit (7.43 ± 0.34 mmol TROLOX/g fresh weight of fruit). In all samples, the most prevalent phenolic acid was ferulic acid with the highest content in the samples of black crowberry (77.73 ± 3.99 µg/g FW of fruit), black crowberry and honeyberry were present by the highest level of gallic acid (21.82 ± 1.53; 15.07 ± 2.45 µg/g FW of fruit). Honeyberry represented a valuable source of quercetin (12.18 ± 7.88 µg/g FW of fruit), whereas European cranberry and honeyberry are a source of rutin (28.48 ± 0.83 and 27.99 ± 1.78 µg/g FW of fruit, respectively). The results of statistical analyses proved significant differences between cowberry and European cranberry in TPC content and in AA among assayed species. In the same way, statistically significant differences were confirmed in phenolic acids among the assayed species except for European cranberry-honeyberry (in trans p-coumaric, protocatequic and cinnamic acid) and honeyberry-cowberry (in cinnamic acid content). The catechin content is significantly influenced by species (p ≤ 0.05), on the other hand the species has no influence on the resveratrol content (p > 0.05). Each of the studied species can be considered as valuable source of total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds. Polyphenolic compounds were most frequently accumulated in the vacuole as well as in the outer layers of pericarp.

Fruit maturity stage in relation to content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of selected clones of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark

The article is dealing with evaluation of four fruit maturity stages of 6 selected clones (LKL-3, LKL-14, LKL-19, LKL-33, LKL-96 and LKL-103) of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark in relation to total polyphenols, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of berries. The experiment in 5 replications of each clones has been established in the conditions of Botanical Garden in Nitra (Slovak republic)in 2016. The results of analyses proved that in respect of the total polyphenols content (TPC), the content of flavonoids (FC) and the antioxidant activity the most valuable clones at the stage of full ripened fruit were following: LKL-14 (8.77; 2.57 g/kg FW; 9.07 g/kg), LKL-33 (6.77; 2.84 g/kg FW; 9.16 g/kg) and LKL -3 (8.19; 2.61 g/kg FW; 8.94 g/kg). The results of statistical analyses by one-way analysis of variance proved significant differences among assayed clones in total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of fruit but no differences among content of total polyphenols and assayed stages of fruit maturity.

Evaluation of genetic diversity of edible honeysuckle monitored by RAPD in relation to bioactive substances

The aim of this study was clarifying the relation between genetic diversity of edible honeysuckle (Lonicera kamtschatica) and the major group of biologically active substances as total polyphenols content (TPC) including antioxidant activity (AO). Fruits of edible honeysuckle becomes more and more popular, especially in Europe. The current status of research on polyphenolic compounds in the berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including recommended utilization, are reviewed.The biological material including 14 cultivars of the edible honeysuckle (´Zoluška´, ´Amfora´, ´Pruhonický 44´, ´Vasilijevsky´, ´Moskovskaja´, ´Vojtek´, ´Sinoglaska´, ´Altaj´, ´Lipnická´, ´Kamčadalka´, ´Sinaja Ptica´, ´Fialka´, ´Modrý Triumf´, and ´Leningradský velikán´) originated from Czech republic (Žabcice near Brno). The content of TPC and AO were determined by location and its soil-climatic conditions and these environmental circumstances determines the RAPD profiles of analysed honeysuckle acessions, too. DPPH method was used to analyze AO and Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine TPC. The results of experiment showed that the highest value of AO was determined at the cultivars ´Zoluška´ (81.04 mg.L-1) and the lowest was measured in ´Kamčadalka´ (54.122 mg.L-1). On the contrary, the highest content of TPC was determined at the cultivar ´Kamčadalka´ (51.09 mg.L-1) and the lowest value was measured at the cultivar ´Pruhonický 44´ (21.65 mg.L-1). Phylogenetic trees were similar in genetic distance. The content of TPC and AO were not statistically significant in relation to cultivar. The analyzed cultivars of the edible honeysuckle were separated in 4 clusters according to used primers. In both gel images, the amplicon size ranged from 100 to 1,500 bp. We found that genetic diversity was partially related to content of total polyphenolic substances and antioxidant activity. Based on phylogenetic trees we have stated that variety ´Lipnická´, ´Sinoglaska´, ´Altaj´, ´Leningradský velikán´, ´Modrý Triumf´, ´Sinaja Ptica´ and ´Kamčadalka´ were grouped in the similar cluster. The highest genetic distance was determined at the variety ´Vasilijevskaja´ and ´Amfora´. In the same way, there were variety ´Vojtek´, ´Fialka´ and ´Zoluška´.

Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Berries of Four Russian Cultivars of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark

Nowadays increasing attention has been focused on polyphenolic compounds as the main representants of antioxidants in horticultural crops including fruits. The edible honeysuckle has an unique position among lesser known fruits due to its high level of antioxidants. In the present study we determined polyphenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of four Russian cultivars of edible honeysuckle including ‘Gerda 25’, ‘Amfora’, ‘Morena’, ‘Lipnicka’, which found together in a single location in Mendel University in Brno, The Czech Republic. Polyphenolic compounds were detected by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). The antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH test. According to the results there were differences among cultivars in terms of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity and Lonicera kamtschatica ‘Gerda 25’ were found to be possessed the highest content of phenolic compounds corresponding to the highest value of antioxidant activity.

Antocianinų kiekis sausmedžio (Lonicera kamtschatica) klonuose šaldymo metu, priklausomai nuo antioksidantinės ir maistinės vertės rodiklių

The aim of the study was to determine changes in anthocyanin content of 17 selected Klcov’s clones of honeyberry (Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark) during freezing at −18°C for 6 months and find out the relationship between anthocyanins and dry matter, sugar, organic acids and ascorbic acid content in fresh fruits by cluster analysis. Clones of honeyberry can be divided into three clusters according to dry matter, sugar, organic acids and total anthocyanin content and total antioxidant capacity. The total anthocyanin level measured in fresh samples was 5.96–19.80 mg 100 g -1 of fresh mass (FM). The scavenging effect of acidified 80% ethanol extracts on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical ranged from 30.03% to 41.13%. Anthocyanins displayed a negative weak correlation with total antioxidant capacity (R = −0.585).

Pollen productivity and morphology of pollen grains in two cultivars of honeyberry (Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark.)

In the years 2004-2006, investigations on the abundance of pollen production in two cultivars of <i>Lonicera kamtschatica</i> (Sevast.) Pojark. - Atut and Duet, were conducted at the Felin Experimental Farm of the Agricultural University in Lublin. Moreover, the viability of pollen grains was estimated and measurements of their size were taken. Ten flowers of both studied cultivars supplied 11.42 mg of pollen and the average pollen productivity per 1 ha of a several-years-old plantation was 30.04 kg. The pollen of the observed plants was eagerly collected by honey bees. Pollen grains of both cultivars are suboblate. Considering their size, they can be described as large ones (P=47.55 µm, E=60.37 µm). Pollen viability for both cultivars is high, about 95%.

Structure of trichomatous nectaries in flowers of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark.

The structure of the floral nectaries of <i>Lonicera kamtschatica</i> was examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Nectariferous tissues are located in the lower portion of the corolla tube. It was found that the secretory tissue of the nectary was composed of two layers of epidermal formations: short papillae and about 3x longer unicellular trichomes. They cover the adaxial surface of a small spur. Nectar secretion takes place through the apical portion of the trichomes and papillae. The cell wall of the upper part of the trichome has protuberances participating in nectar transfer to the subcuticular space which reaches large dimensions. The lateral walls of the trichomes are saturated with cutin. The papillae have much thicker walls than the trichomes. In the papillae, there are no wall protuberances. Less secretion accumulates in the subcuticular cavities of the papillae than in the trichomes.

Blooming biology and sugar efficiency of two cultivars of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark.

The studies on the period and abundance of blooming, flower development, as well as nectar productivity of two cultivars of <i>Lonicera kamtschatica</i> (Sevast.) Pojark. were carried out in 2004-2005 in Lublin. The investigated plants bloomed between the third decade of April and the middle of May. The life span of protogynous flowers was about 4-5 days. The mean amount of sugars secreted by 10 flowers of the examined cultivars ranged from 17.77 mg to 28.31 mg. The sugars yield amounted to from 44.08 to 67.81 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Flowers of the investigated plants were a good nectar source for honeybees and bumblebees.

Effect of irrigation on intensity of respiration and study of sugar and organic acids content in different development stages of Lonicera kamtschatica and Lonicera edulis berries

This article investigates the effect of irrigation on the intensity of respiration of <I>Lonicera kamtschatica </I> and <I>Lonicera edulis </I> during different stages of fruit development in the conditions of Nitra in 2002 and 2003. Changes in organic acids and sugar content during fruit ripening process were also monitored within non-irrigated variant of <I>Lonicera kamtschatica </I> and <I>Lonicera edulis </I> in 2002. The intensity of respiration can be divided into 4 stages corresponding with intensive cell division of fruit (stage I), enlargement of fruit pericarp and fruit colouring (stage II) and fruit softening (stage III). In the early stages of fruit development the intensity of respiration increased (stage I), then declined (stage II), and then increased again to the “climacteric peak” (stage III). In this stage fruit achieved the best quality for direct consumption; it was characterized by the highest sugar content (9.5% in <I>Lonicera kamtschatica </I> and 7.7% in <I>Lonicera edulis </I>) and the lowest organic acids content (3.61% in <I>Lonicera kamtschatica </I> and 3.32% in <I>Lonicera edulis </I>). After this stage, fruit became overripe and its quality declined (stage IV). During the two-year observation, there were no statistically significant differences in respiration intensity of fruits of <I>Lonicera kamtschatica </I> and <I>Lonicera edulis </I> grown with or without irrigation.

Electrochemical Determination of the Antioxidant Potential of Some Less Common Fruit Species.

Various berries and fruit types of less common fruit species are known to contain antioxidants. Consumption of high amounts of antioxidant flavonoids, which display a variety of biological properties, including antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity, may have a positive impact on human health, particularly for the prevention of cancer and other inflammatory diseases. In these studies, based on the hypothesis that the fruit extract with the highest content would possess significantly higher health benefits, flavonoid-rich extracts were obtained from some less common fruit species – Blue Honeysuckles (Lonicera Kamtschatica and Lonicera edulis, Turcz. ex. Freyn), Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) and Chinese Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) – grown from germplasm held at the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic and then characterized in terms of biological value based on the results from a relative antioxidant capacity assessment. The antioxidant content evaluation was based on the total flavonoid amount, determined by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). A DPPH• test was applied as a reference. The antioxidant content measured in Chinese Hawthorn fruit extract identified it as a potent source of flavonoid antioxidants, with a content 9-fold higher than that seen in Amelanchier fruit. The multifunctional HPLC-ED array method coupled with a DPPH• reference appears to be the optimal analytical progress, accurately reflecting the nutritive-therapeutic properties of a fruit.

In vitro propagation of blue honeysuckle

We have developed a rapid shoot multiplication procedure for <I>in vitro</I> propagation of blue honeysuckle (<I>Lonicera kamtschatica</I> [Sevast.] Pojark). Shoot tips of two genotypes 20/1 and Altaj were successfully established <I>in vitro</I> and micropropagated on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) based media containing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Multiplication rates varied depending on the genotype and concentration of BAP. The highest multiplication rate was obtained for the genotype 20/1 that produced 10.5 ± 0.7 shoots (longer than 10 mm) on the MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP. The lowest multiplication rate was obtained for Altaj producing only 1.6 ± 0.1 shoots on MS medium containing 4 mg/l BAP. Moreover, <I>in vitro</I> rooting on the modified MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was reported. Rooted shoots were transferred to the greenhouse for further evaluation.

The study of irrigation influence on nutritional value of Lonicera kamtschatica - cultivar Gerda 25 and Lonicera edulis berries under the Nitra conditions during 2001-2003

Two species of edible honeysuckle were studied in the trial established in the autumn 1994. The spacing used was 2.0 × 1.5 m and the experiment included irrigated as well as non- irrigated variants. The aim of this study was to provide a summary of nutritional values of <i>Lonicera kamtschatica</i> and <i>Lonicera edulis</i> berries under the Nitra conditions during the period 2001−2003. The berries were examined for the content of dry mater, sugar, organic acids, ascorbic acid, mineral substances − K, Ca, P, Mg, Na and anthocyanins from pomace and juice. The results of our experiments refer to the exceptionally high content of ascorbic acid ranging from 28.56 up to 86.96 mg/100 g, potassium 10,175 to 14,764 mg/kg and anthocyanins from pomace 6.245−17.36 g/kg. The values of ascorbic acid varied and they were statistically significantly depending on the year; similarly, only year can be taken into account as a statistically significant factor for forming content of sugar, magnesium and sodium. The content of dry mater, organic acids, potassium, calcium and anthocyanins in juice was influenced not only by year but also by species. The interaction species − year as a source of statistically significant differences is evident in the case of phosphorus and organic acids. A significant influence of irrigation on all evaluated nutrients was not confirmed.