Long-lasting Conditions Research Articles

Atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive updated review of this intriguing disease with futuristic insights.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a paradigmatic prevalent, long-lasting, and inflammatory skin condition with a diverse range of clinical manifestations. The etiology and clinical symptoms of AD are influenced by complex pathophysiological processes, which involve a strong genetic component, epidermal dysfunction, and immunological dysregulation, and a strong influence of other physiological and environmental factors. The FDA has approved targeted and well-tolerated immunomodulators including biologics like dupilumab and crisaborole, and small molecules such as baricitinib, as novel therapies for AD. They effectively treat AD but are too expensive for most patients. The review provides an update on the state of knowledge of AD pathogenesis, discusses the available diagnostic and scoring indices, and provides a scientific foundation for treatment methods for AD. This review also presents data on clinical efficacy of innovative treatments' considering recent guidelines, emphasizing the newest medications and ongoing trials. Finally, the new implication of artificial intelligence (AI) in AD management is explored, where AI can speed up diagnosis and therapy. The PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were used for this review.

A study on the effect of biostimulant application on yield and quality of tomato under long-lasting water stress conditions.

Recently, the use of plant-derived biostimulants has been suggested as a sustainable way to improve the nutritional quality of tomato and mitigate the effects of environmental stresses. In this regard, a two-year experiment was conducted in open field on four cultivars of tomato (two commercial tomatoes and two local landraces of long shelf-life tomato), to assess the crop response, in terms of fruit yield and quality traits, to the foliar application of two plant-derived biostimulants based on protein hydrolysates (PH), under opposite water regimes (no irrigation and full irrigation), in a semi-arid environment of South Italy. Tomato plants in field were sprayed with a solution containing one of the two biostimulants approximately every 15 days. Full irrigation significantly promoted plant productivity, leading to yields the 22% and 57% higher than those produced under no irrigation. Biostimulants significantly promoted plant productivity (+57% and +39%, respectively under no and full irrigation, on the average of the two biostimulants), although in the first year only. Overall, fruit quality was better in fruits produced in plants exposed to prolonged soil water deficit. Biostimulants, across cultivars and water regimes, had no effect or even declined fruit quality in terms of total solids (TS), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), reducing sugars (RS). The antioxidants were higher in fruits produced under prolonged soil water deficit. Except in the two commercial tomatoes, lycopene content was greater under full irrigation. Overall, the effects of biostimulants on the antioxidants were rather inconsistent. Significant interactions among the three experimental factors on fruit quality traits suggest that the application of biostimulant should be modulated according to water regime and cultivar, involving specific open-field experiments. Interesting correlations (positive or negative) among all the examined traits were described in the current study. A PCA analysis was conducted to reduce the dimensionality of dataset considering the large number of variables in combination. PCA analysis allowed to distribute cultivars and treatments in four distinct groups, according to quality traits. Fluctuating results between the two years of experiment indicated that the tomato response to the application of biostimulants is strictly season-dependent. Future multi-sites and multi-year research are needed to fine-tune the use of biostimulants and, ultimately, make the crop more economically and environmentally convenient than the cultivation of untreated plants.

Co-occurrence of Kimura's Disease and Keratoconus: A Case Report

Kimura disease, often referred to as eosinophilic granuloma, is an uncommon and long-lasting condition that is mostly seen in people of Asian ancestry. Early signs include increased levels of IgE in the blood, nodules under the skin, and swelling of the lymph nodes. Keratoconus is a disorder where both corneas get steeper and vision is reduced. It is not genetically connected to Kimura disease, although both illnesses are more common among Asian people. Performing a histopathological investigation of the mass is essential in order to get an accurate diagnosis. This case reports a 24-year-old male patient living in Saudi Arabia who had a growth on his face that extended above and below the medial canthus of his eye. The patient also had a gradual decrease in vision in both eyes. The patient received a comprehensive biopsy procedure and topographical examinations. The biopsy findings indicated the presence of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, and no accompanying lymphadenopathy was seen. The diagnosis of Keratoconus was verified by the examination of the topography. Considering these results, the main therapeutic option is surgical removal of the tumor. This case report offers valuable insights into the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and management of Kimura disease, specifically in relation to keratoconus. Additionally, it contributes to the existing literature by presenting the first documented case of Kimura disease with concurrent keratoconus.

Identification of health trajectories of patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type 2 using latent class trajectory methods.

Persistent spinal pain syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2) is a long-lasting condition that consists of persistent pain following spinal surgery. Although this condition has long-term effects, it is currently studied at a given time point or over a limited period of time, which does not reflect the true impact of pain patients. To bridge this gap, we used latent class trajectory models to extract clusters with different trajectories of patients with PSPS-T2. Data from the PREDIBACK study, an observational, multicentric, and longitudinal investigation carried out prospectively, were used. This study focuses on patients with PSPS-T2, tracking their outcomes at 3-month intervals over a one-year period. Health status was evaluated using a novel multidimensional clinical response index (MCRI). The trajectories of patients' health status were extracted using mixture of mixed effect models. Two hundred (200) PSPS-T2 patients were included. Two clusters were identified, including 'persistent low health' trajectories (63.1%) and 'improving health' trajectories (36.9%). Regarding the factors associated with these trajectories, our results showed that lower age, lower body mass index, lower pain intensity, lower functional disability, lower anxiety and less extended pain surface were associated with improving health status. Clustering methods provide an opportunity to identify two distinct clusters of pain-related health trajectories of PSPS-T2 patients. Persistence of the symptoms was not observed in one third of the PSPS-T2 study patients, who belong to the improving pain-related health cluster, while the other two thirds did not achieve improved health over a 1-year follow-up. Our study findings suggest that the use of trajectory-based methods could improve patient evaluation and pain management as it allows for obtaining a global view of patients during their care pathway compared to conventional methods, which only focus on specific visits. Our study also advocates for multidimensional assessment and management of pain by targeting not only pain intensity but also the psychological distress, functional capacity and pain surface at an early stage of pain onset after spine surgery.

The additional effect of 5% atorvastatin shampoo in the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp: A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.

Background Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a long-lasting inflammatory skin condition that predominantly impacts regions abundant in sebaceous glands, including the scalp. Objectives To assess the efficacy and anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin as an additive treatment among SD patients. Materials and Methods In a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial, 46 patients over 18 years old with mild to moderate scalp SD were randomly assigned to receive either 2% ketoconazole shampoo or 2% ketoconazole shampoo plus 5% atorvastatin. The severity of dermatitis was assessed based on the symptom scale of seborrheic dermatitis (SSSD), and the variables of erythema, scaling, and itching, at baseline and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results Based on our analyses, both treatment methods significantly reduced the SSSD scores. However, the average SSSD score in patients using ketoconazole shampoo plus atorvastatin decreased by an average of five points after 1 month. This reduction was comparable to the average decline of 3.5 points observed in the group using ketoconazole shampoo alone. Specifically, the severity of dermatitis, as assessed by the SSSD score, significantly decreased by 1.92 points more, in individuals using the atorvastatin-containing shampoo compared to the comparison group (P = 0.02). Limitation This research was conducted at a single centre which limits the validity of the findings. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that shampoo containing atorvastatin provides a statistically significant effect compared to ketoconazole shampoo alone, indicating its potential as an alternative treatment for SD. The treatment notably alleviates symptoms associated with scaling and itching which are the common manifestations of the condition.

The Influence of Phytoconstituents for the Management of Antipsoriatic Activity in Various Animal Models.

It is possible for psoriasis to manifest at any point in a person's life, regardless of their age, gender, or geographic location. It is a chronic immune-linked inflammatory skin illness that affects individuals of various racial and ethnic origins. It is recognized to be a longlasting condition. Because of the significant contribution that natural products have made, there has been a significant advancement in the treatment of skin illnesses such as psoriasis. The biggest number of phytochemicals derived from a wide range of plants and herbs are now being used in a variety of applications throughout the whole world. Additionally, a number of phytochemicals, including aloe-emodin, psoralen, curcumin, and others, have been effectively extracted in pure or clear form, and they have shown a great deal of efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis illness. There is evidence that few herbal remedies are effective, and the occurrence of these phytochemicals provides more proof. When synthetic medications are used for chronic therapy, they may cause a variety of adverse consequences; hence, the exploration of natural pharmaceuticals can give a successful natural treatment with a minimal amount of adverse effects. Within the scope of this concise review, a number of plant sources that possess anti-psoriatic activity are investigated, and the antipsoriatic effects of these plant sources are shown on a number of animal models using particular pathways.

Preoperative serum 25(OH)D status and its correlation with an early endoscopic sinus surgery outcome and chronic rhinosinusitis severity.

<b>Introduction:</b> Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a long-lasting inflammatory condition affecting the sinonasal mucosa, which is likely triggered by a dysfunctional immune response. Vitamin D is recognized as an immunomodulator influencing both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, this mechanism of action has sparked interest regarding the possible role of vitamin D in CRS pathogenesis and/or course of the disease.<b>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative serum vitamin D levels and an early outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) as well as its influence on the severity of CRS.<b>Materials and methods:</b> This prospective observational study included 25 patients with CRS with nasal polyps undergoing ESS and 18 healthy controls. The disease was confirmed clinically and radiologically. Demographic and clinical data for each subject were collected. Preoperatively, disease severity was evaluated by the patient using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), and by a researcher using the Lund-MacKay (LMS) and Lund-Kennedy (LKS) scoring systems. On the day of surgery, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured with the use of electrochemiluminescence binding assay. Six weeks postoperatively, reassessment was performed, including the VAS, SNOT-22, and LKS.<b>Results:</b> Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was not significantly lower in CRS patients compared to healthy controls. Subjective and objective measures of CRS severity showed no correlation with vitamin D status. However, participants with higher vitamin D levels presented better outcomes 6 weeks postoperatively.<b>Conclusions:</b> Contradicting numerous previous studies, these findings failed to confirm the correlation between the occurrence or severity of CRS and vitamin D status. Nevertheless, vitamin D status seems to affect ESS early outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Lebrikizumab in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting dermatological condition that leads to skin irritation and inflammation. In cases of severe cases of AD biological therapy may be warranted. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of Lebrikizumab, an IL-13 immunomodulator. Methodology: A systematic search was used in the following databases Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov registry (CT.gov), EBSCO, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. The efficacy of Lebrikizumab was evaluated by using some measures such as Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Body Surface Area (BSA), and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). The measures namely serious adverse events (SAEs), and non-serious adverse events (NSAEs) were used to assess the safety. The risk of bias was determined by the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 1,686 patients who had taken lebrikizumab (n =1,168) compared with placebo (n= 518). The total analysis demonstrated a decrease in the area and severity of eczema as measured by EASI when using lebrikizumab, this decrease was statistically significant compared to placebo (mean difference (MD): -25.60, 95% CI [-38.01, -13.18], P < 0.0001), statistically significant enhancement in the Change of BSA with lebrikizumab compared to placebo (MD: -9.81, 95% CI [-15.39, -4.23], P < 0.0006), and significant enhancement in the EASI 75 score with lebrikizumab compared to placebo (Risk Ratio (RR):2.60, 95% CI [2.17, 3.13], P < 0.00001). Lebrikizumab did not correlate significantly with the incidence of NSAEs and SAEs as concluded by the pooled analysis of safety. Conclusion: Lebrikizumab has demonstrated promise as a treatment option for AD. It has shown significant effectiveness across various measures and has exhibited a favourable safety profile. Future research is required to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy.

Urban trees left high and dry – Modelling urban trees water supply and evapotranspiration under drought

Abstract Long-lasting extreme weather conditions are expected to occur more frequently in the future owing to climate change, as demonstrated by the recent heat waves. In particular, the decrease in precipitation during the summer months had a significant impact on urban tree water availability. Therefore, it is imperative to develop methodologies for determining the available water supply and evapotranspiration rates for urban trees. We mapped data from 49 urban small-leaved linden trees with varying characteristics including groundwater levels, shading situations, tree pit sizes, pavement materials, and sealing ratios. By combining these data with an adapted Penman-Monteith method to calculate evapotranspiration, we simulated the soil water storage and evapotranspiration rates of these trees during the very dry year of 2018 as an example. Model validations were performed using lysimeter and sap-flow studies on Tilia cordata trees in 2022. During the growing season, most trees experienced water stress on > 85% of the days because of weak precipitation events that failed to refill soil water storage. In contrast, trees with additional water supply through capillary rise reached water stress approximately 45 days later. The model results suggest that many trees will require additional water supply during predicted droughts in the future, which could have significant implications for urban forestry management. This model approach can be used to test and refine future water supply management strategies, making it a useful planning tool for improving the water efficiency of trees in urban areas and blue-green infrastructure.

The Microbiome and Atopic Dermatitis

: The microbiome consists of a collection of microorganisms, their genetic material, and their interactions within a specific biological environment. Atopic dermatitis is a complex, long-lasting inflammatory skin condition that causes dryness and itchiness. It is often associated with other conditions like allergic rhino conjunctivitis and asthma. Contemporary methods that do not require culturing have been developed to identify microorganisms and their genetic makeup, which can have both positive and negative effects on their host. There are indications that microorganisms in the gut and on the skin could potentially influence the progression of atopic dermatitis. Although antiseptic treatments have been used for many years, conventional diagnostic methods and genomics are now beginning to help us understand that targeted interventions for imbalanced microbial communities might eventually be incorporated into a comprehensive therapeutic approach.

Management of Scalp Psoriasis through Ayurvedic Modalities – Case Report

In ayurveda skin diseases are described as Kushta Rogas. Kushta Rogas are of two types mahakushta and khudrakushta. Ekakushtha is a type of Kshudra Kushtha. Ekakushtha, as described by Sushruta, presents with distinct clinical features. These include a lack of sweating or dryness (Aswedanam), widespread coverage across the entire body (Mahavastu), and a scaly appearance resembling fish scales (Matsyashakalamam). The skin coloration observed in Ekakushtha can vary, ranging from a dark hue to a pinkish-red tone, according to Sushruta's observations..Psoriasis is a long-lasting skin condition marked by red, scaly patches that are itchy and tend to come and go. These patches can appear anywhere on the body, but they're most commonly found on the elbows, knees, and scalp. Scalp psoriasis specifically causes raised, red patches on the scalp that may be thin or thick and can cover small areas or the entire scalp.The global prevalence of psoriasis varies from 0.12–8%, indicating that it is a common dermatosis.Many treatments are available in modern science but they have various complication & side effects.Here in this case we used ayurvedic shodhan and shaman therapies & successfully treated the case.A 29 years male came in the OPD with chief complaints of red, scaly patch with severe itching and with burning sensation on lower occipital and neck region since 8 months.The patient was treated with Shodhan and Shaman Chikitsa.Patient got complete relief after the completion of therapy with no reoccurrence. Thus it can be concluded that Shodhana(Vamana and Virechna) followed by Shamana Chikitsa with pathya pathya described in Ayurveda is effective in the management of Ekakushtha (Psoriasis).

Persistence, not avoidance, is associated with low back pain-An observational cohort study.

Low back pain (LBP) is increasingly understood as a long-lasting condition with a variable course. Avoidance and persistence behaviour have been described to mediate pain persistence by potentially linking psychosocial factors and biomechanics. The resulting maladaptive changes in musculoskeletal structures can result in movement control impairment (MCI). This investigation aimed to observe avoidance and persistence behaviour and MCI in participants with acute LBP over 1 year and explore their association with pain persistence. In this observational cohort study, 165 participants were assessed at five time points: ≤ 1 month (baseline), 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the onset of acute LBP. Simultaneously collected clinical data such as self-reported outcomes at baseline for avoidance and persistence and assessments of MCI were filled in linear mixed-effects regression models. The mixed-effects analysis revealed for the adjusted model that a one-point increase in persistence scores resulted in a 3.31-point increase in pain intensity while interacting with state anxiety over time (p = 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.07-6.07). This effect was not found for avoidance behaviour at baseline (p = 0.21) and MCI. The relationship between persistence and pain intensity throughout measurement suggests that continuing usual activities beyond pain, coupled with feelings of distress, may lead to persistent LBP. These results underscore the need for a therapeutic shift toward a multidimensional approach that considers the physical and psychological characteristics of persons with LBP. Screening for activity patterns in acute LBP is critical for providing tailored treatment and counselling. In acute low back pain (LBP), maintaining usual activities despite pain and distress can contribute to the continuation of LBP. Alongside a multidimensional approach that considers physical and psychological factors, attitudes toward daily activities are also important. Screening for both maladaptive and adaptive activity patterns in individuals with acute LBP is essential for effective LBP management, improving patient outcomes, and preventing persistent pain.

Perioperative Surgical Recommendations in Patients with Lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a long-lasting autoimmune condition that affects the connective tissues and has a varied and diverse range of symptoms. The severity of the disease varies greatly, with the majority experiencing less severe versions. However, it may be life-threatening depending on the extent of organ involvement. The ailment was identified as early as the Middle Ages, with the 12th-century physician Rogerius being the first to use the name lupus to describe the characteristic malar rash. In 1872, Moric Kaposi was the first to acknowledge the systemic aspect of the disease. During the perioperative period, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may provide significant difficulties for the anesthesiologist due to the presence of accumulated organ damage, coagulation abnormalities, and intricate care protocols. This article focuses on the signs and therapies of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that are relevant to anesthesiologists. It also discusses the perioperative care of these patients, who present unique challenges due to the complexity of their condition.

Incidence of anxiety after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as acquired cerebral damage caused by an external mechanical impact, which has the potential to lead to transient or enduring debilitation. TBI is associated with many forms of long-lasting psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorders. As anxiety is highly debilitating by causing impaired social functioning and decreased quality of life for the afflicted, especially in the form of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder, certain efforts have been made to explore the factors associated with it, and one such factor is TBI.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on January 26th, 2024 for observational case–control or cohort or cross-sectional studies assessing the incidence of anxiety symptoms or disorders in patients with TBI compared to healthy individuals or the same individuals if pre-TBI information regarding anxiety was available. We calculated the pooled incidence and relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95CI) using the inverse variance method. Publication bias was assessed using Eggers’s regression test. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Sub-group analyses were conducted for the type of anxiety (anxiety disorder vs anxiety symptoms), TBI severity, and type of anxiety disorders.ResultsThe incidence rate of anxiety after traumatic brain injury was 17.45% (95CI: 12.59%, 22.31%) in a total of 705,024 individuals. Moreover, TBI patients were found to be 1.9 times as likely to have anxiety compared to their non-TBI counterparts [Random effects model RR = 1.90 [1.62; 2.23], p-value < 0.0001] using a population of 569,875 TBI cases and 1,640,312 non-TBI controls. Sub-group analysis revealed TBI severity was not associated with anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder was the most common type of anxiety disorder reported post-TBI.ConclusionPatients who have experienced a TBI exhibit a significantly greater incidence of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in the aftermath when compared to healthy individuals.

Tongbian formula alleviates slow transit constipation by increasing intestinal butyric acid to activate the 5-HT signaling

Slow transit constipation (STC) is a long-lasting and prevalent intestinal condition, marked by hard, dry feces. The primary cause of STC may be attributed to an imbalance in the gut’s microbial community and alterations in its metabolic byproducts. Tongbian formula (TB), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been used to treat STC and shows a great effect on relieving constipation. The role of TB in regulating intestinal microbiota has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the potential effect of TB on gut microbiota and further explored the potential mechanism behind its effects. Our study demonstrated that TB significantly increased fecal water content and intestinal ink propulsion rate in loperamide (Lope)-induced STC rats. 5-HT signaling was suppressed in STC colon tissue, and the abundance of butyric acid (BA) in colonic contents was significantly down-regulated after Lope treatment. Notably, TB administration led to the restoration of microbial dysbiosis and the up-regulation of BA content, subsequently activating 5-HT signaling pathways. When BA was combined with a tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) inhibitor, which is crucial for 5-HT synthesis, its therapeutic efficacy for treating STC was compromised. TB alleviates STC by reversing the intestinal microbiota imbalance and activating the 5-HT signaling in the colon through increasing BA levels. These findings suggest that TB is an ideal candidate for STC treatment.

Discovery and Validation of Ferroptosis-Associated Genes of Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-lasting idiopathic condition, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Meanwhile, evidence has demonstrated that ferroptosis seems to interlock with the progress of UC. This research sought to identify hub genes of UC related to ferroptosis. First, the relevant profiles for this article were obtained from GEO database. From the FerrDb, 479 genes linked to ferroptosis were retrieved. Using analysis of the difference and WGCNA on colonic samples from GSE73661, the remaining six hub genes linked to ferroptosis and UC were discovered. Through logistic regression analyses, the diagnostic model was constructed and was then evaluated by external validation using dataset GSE92415. Afterwards, the correlation between immune cell filtration in UC and hub genes was examined. Finally, a mice model of colitis was established, and the results were verified using qRT-PCR. We acquired six hub genes linked to ferroptosis and UC. In order to create a diagnostic model for UC, we used logistic regression analysis to screen three of the six ferroptosis related genes (HIF1A, SLC7A11, and LPIN1). The ROC curve showed that the three hub genes had outstanding potential for disease diagnosis (AUC = 0.976), which was subsequently validated in samples from GSE92415 (AUC = 0.962) and blood samples from GSE3365 (AUC = 0.847) and GSE94648 (AUC = 0.769). These genes might be crucial for UC immunity based upon the results on the immune system. Furthermore, mouse samples examined using qRT-PCR also verified our findings. In conclusion, the findings have important implications for ferroptosis and UC, and these hub genes may also offer fresh perspectives on the aetiology and therapeutic approaches of UC.

Teachers Management of Everyday-Living Skills of Intellectually Challenged Learners

Intellectually Challenged Learners (ICLs) are a long-lasting medical condition that affects people for the rest of their lives and typically prevents them from reaching their full potential. This study, therefore, investigated teachers’ management of Everyday-Living Skills (ELS) of ICLs. The research is survey-based and primarily descriptive. The study’s population was made up of instructors in public inclusive basic schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study’s sample consisted of 100 inclusive basic school instructors in total. The researchers employed a well-structured study questionnaire they had created to gather information on the “Management of ELS of ICLs.” A reliability index of 0.72 was calculated with the aid of the Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula. To address the questions posed, a mean rating was used. The t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. This study discovered that when teaching ELS to ICLs, the teacher-direct approach (TDA), generalization and application, task analysis (TA), and positive reinforcement and encouragement (PIE) were consistently used. It was recommended that to enable effective ELS instruction, the government should allot enough funds to equip instructors with the required instructional resources, assistive technology, and improved environments.

Non-pharmacological methods and techniques used in the therapy of children diagnosed with adhd. Study of literature

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is seen as a long-lasting and chal-lenging condition that affects various areas of life, such as academic and career success, relationships, and daily activities. Both the mind and the muscles jump from one task to another, failing to complete the activity, and thus difficulties arise in carrying out activities such as writing, tying shoelaces, riding a bicycle and more. Banal activities we would say, but essential for a normal lifestyle. Medical recovery has a signifiant contribution in relieving symptoms and treating many pathologies, in both physical and mental relaxation. Moreover, it has been shown countless times that physical activity reduces stress, mainly based on muscle relaxation and improving cognitive and motor function through the development of neural functions. More and more children are diagnosed with this disorder, but, not enough attention is paid to these cases, which is one of the reasons why we chose to address this topic. The paper aims to analyze studies carried out in recent years in different countries on motor impairments and other complications that can present children with ADHD, but also the way that balneophysiokinetotherapy has a positive effect in their therapy, being an essential form of therapy, alongside the psychological or medicinal one. The studies analyzed confirm the benefits of physical exercise for children diagnosed with ADHD, showing visible effects on both the motor skills of the children and their lev-els of agitation and attention deficit. Although movement therapy is widely used in this condition, there are no protocols standardizing the type, duration, and intensity of exer-cise programs used. Occupational therapy, massage, and yoga have been noted for their beneficial effects on patients diagnosed with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, hyperactivity, therapy

EPIDEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV COMBINED WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT

Coinfection represents one of the most complex public health issue for therapy and epidemiological surveillance worldwide. The latter in the Russian Federation includes no specific monitoring after HIV and chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) coinfection. Objective: to perform a retrospective epidemiological analysis of CVH, HIV-infection, HIV+CVH coinfection incidence, conduct integral assessment of HIV+CVH coinfection epidemic manifestations in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) during the years 2007-2022. It was established that HIV-infection and HIV+CVH coinfection incidence showed a unilateral long-term growth trend reaching in 2022 up to 4.3 cases/100000 population (by 6-fold higher than in 2007), which for HIV-infection incidence was as high as 30.7 cases/100000 population (by 2-fold higher than in 2007). CVH incidence decrease with average long-term decline comprising 4.4% per year and in 2022 reaching 26.1 cases/100000 population. Primorsky krai had highest incidence of HIV+CVH coinfection in 2022 that exceeded average level recorded among territories of the FEFD by 2.3-fold. Primorsky Krai is a territory historically characterized by widespread of HIV-infection and CVH in human population partly due to broad drug use. Ranking of HIV+CVH coinfection incidence revealed territories with favorable epidemic situation as follows: Kamchatka krai, Khabarovsk krai, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan oblast. HIV infection and CVH are long-lasting conditions so that individuals with verified diagnosis may remain a source of infection, analyzing disease incidence alone was found to be insufficient for assessing epidemic situation. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis was carried out to calculate integral index based on the sum of ranks of HIV+CVH coinfection incidence, prevalence and average long-term incidence, prevalence of CVH among HIV-positive subjects. Ranking of the integral index established unfavorable epidemic situation for HIV+CVH coinfection in the Magadan region and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Both territories had an upward incidence trend, high prevalence of CVH among HIV-positive subjects. In addition, the Magadan region had highest prevalence of HIV+CVH coinfection. Primorsky krai and Jewish autonomous region were also classified as unfavorable. Existing epidemiological surveillance after HIV-infection needs to be supplemented with separate monitoring over HIV+CVH coinfection. Estimating an integral index in addition to evaluation of incidence for assessment of the epidemic situation over coinfection will improve the analysis.

Managing Acne in Individuals with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent, long-lasting skin condition that affects individuals aged 15 to 40. It appears to be a common ailment that occurs during adolescence. Nevertheless, it frequently impacts adults as well. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent cause of acne vulgaris in adult women. The presence of hyperandrogenism and metabolic problems in this condition may lead to the development of comedones, papules, and nodules on the face, chest, and back. This article specifically examines the current therapies for acne that are linked to polycystic ovarian syndrome.