Logical Ability Research Articles

An Exploration of Teaching and Learning Reform in Critical Thinking Courses

Innovation is the display of social progress, but also the basis of the power of educational development. This paper studies and analyzes the teaching and reform of critical thinking course, through the teachers' teaching experience, teaching mode of in-depth investigation and analysis, for effective improvement. Nowadays, in the "teacher-oriented, student-supported" teaching mode, students play a listener, and more to form a "what the teacher teaches, what the student learns" tendency of education, unchanging, which is the role played by the teacher in the teaching process. This is the role played by the teacher in the teaching process. For the students, the class is just a form, only need to listen carefully, take good notes, and even class cannot study, can also be muddle through a class. And this rigid teaching method is not only not beneficial to the development of students, but also seriously hinder the development of students' innovation, thinking and logic ability, so that the demand for talent is not balanced, and finally not conducive to the direction of students' employment. The significance of this paper is to provide a feasible teaching mode and method for educational practice, aiming at elaborating an introductory course based on "point line surface" as the small class teaching mode, guiding students' hands-on practical ability, cultivating students' innovation ability, and stimulating students' enthusiasm in the classroom.

The scope and role of deduction in infant cognition

The origins of the human capacity for logically structured thought are still a mystery. Studies on young humans, which can be particularly informative, present conflicting results. Infants seem able to generate competing hypotheses1,2,3 and monitor the certainty or probability of one-shot outcomes,4,5,6,7,8 suggesting the existence of an articulated language of thought.9 However, sometimes toddlers10 and even children younger than 411,12,13,14 fail tasks seemingly requiring the same representational abilities. One fundamental test for the presence of logical abilities is the concept of disjunction as a way into the conception of alternative possibilities, and of disjunctive elimination as a way to prune them. Here, we document their widespread presence in 19-month-old infants. In a word-referent association task, both bilingual and monolingual infants display a pattern of oculomotor inspection previously found to be a hallmark of disjunctive reasoning in adults and children,15,16 showing that the onset of logical reasoning is not crucially dependent on language experience. The pattern appears when targets are novel, but also when both objects and words are known, though likely not yet sedimented into a mature lexicon. Disjunctive reasoning also surfaces in a non-linguistic location search task, not prompted by violated expectations, showing that infants reason by elimination spontaneously. Together, these results help answer long-standing empirical and philosophical puzzles about the role of logic in early knowledge development, suggesting that by increasing confidence in some options while eliminating alternatives, logic provides scaffolding for the organization of knowledge about the world, language, and language-world relations.

Research on the Mutual Aid Effect of Business Negotiation Teaching in University Courses

Business negotiation teaching can combine theory and practice closely. The form and content of business negotiation need to have the characteristics of a wide range of knowledge, practicality and systematicness. By integrating negotiation teaching into the study of college courses, it can enhance the active atmosphere in the classroom, enhance the interaction between students and teachers, and between teachers, so that students can enhance their language expression ability and thinking logic ability through this form, and improve their adaptability by learning business negotiation strategies and the ability to use and negotiate skills.

Process-dependent reconfigurability in a gradient ferroelectric field-effect transistor

In this paper, we demonstrate reconfigurable ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FETs) exhibiting process dependence based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/molybdenum telluride[P(VDF-TrFE)/MoTe2] heterostructures. By introducing a thickness gradient to a ferroelectric polymer, we constructed a gradient distribution of coercive voltage. This enables programmable configuration of the device (n–p, p–n, p–p, or n–n) depending on the input voltage sequence. Our Fe-FETs exhibit multilevel storage capacity and logic ability, including an on/off ratio of 106, an adjustable rectification ratio from 1 to 45, and a reversible rectification direction. The use of such a structure-gradient design in an Fe-FET provides a valuable strategy for realizing process-dependent reconfigurability and the creation of intelligent devices.

The Demonstration of Mathematical Logic Ability and Control Consciousness of Higher Vocational Students

Math is upmost basic for working and learning. It exists for solving some problems. The authors focus on that only by combining the students’ problem-solving control consciousness in vocational education we can enhance the mathematical logic ability. This paper discusses the best way to solve the paper’s key point, that is connotative relationship between various factors of learners, how to sort out the control consciousness, improve the mathematical logic ability, and then build a practical logic thinking way, to form a system of students’ mathematical self-added value, and put forward new possibilities for the scientific cultivation of the quality of mathematical education talents. This paper emphasizes the effective role of mathematical logic ability and regulation awareness in the application of information technology in higher vocational education learning. Given many examples to demonstrate how to get the useful abilities to solve the problems facing in the future.

Exploration of high school students' reasoning in solving trigonometric function problems

Reasoning has been extensively studied by many experts. However, Research on student reasoning in trigonometric problem solving, particularly those related to logical thinking skills is still sorely needed. This study aimed to explore students' reasoning in solving trigonometric function problems regarding logical thinking skills. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The research subjects involved high school students in Palopo, Indonesia. Based on the logical ability test results, three subjects were selected, namely students with high, medium, and low logical abilities. Research instruments in mathematical problem-solving tasks and interview guidelines are valid and reliable. Data collection was carried out through task-based interviews and think-aloud. The results of the study: (1) the reasoning subjects with high and moderate logical abilities in solving trigonometric function problems are the same in every type of question, always starting with inductive reasoning and then doing deductive reasoning (2) the reasoning of subjects with high and medium logical abilities is different in solving trigonometric function problems in the initial identification. Subjects with low logical ability showed no mental activity in solving trigonometric function problems. The research finding is that the subject has a high logical ability and is solving trigonometric function problems first by inductive reasoning and then deductive reasoning. In general, it is concluded that students with high and moderate logical abilities use inductive and deductive thinking patterns interchangeably in solving trigonometric function problems.

The nature-based school curriculum: A solution to learning-teaching that promotes students’ freedom

This research aims to describe the nature-based school curriculum as a solution to the learning-teaching that promotes students’ freedom. The implementation of the learning-teaching is designed to be fun based on the natural characteristics of children. This research utilized a qualitative-descriptive method involving students, teachers, and parents as participants. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The data analysis consisted of four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicate that the curriculum developed at the nature-based school is implemented by integrating the national curriculum with the natural school curriculum consisting of four pillars: morality, scientific logic, leadership, and entrepreneurship. The positive impact of this research is that the innovation of natural curriculum has been in line with the implementation of independent curriculum by implementing four pillars in learning-teaching process and are carried out through experience-based learning and project-based learning methods. Students are facilitated to express their opinions in different activities and are given the freedom to choose a place to learn in several activities. For example, in some activities, students are free to choose learning places which can be in the prayer room, in the school yard, in the library, or in other places. The learning-teaching can increase students’ enthusiasm to go to school, be happy, feel valued and feel free when they are at schools. With this nature-based school curriculum, children develop according to their nature and grow into meaningful, independent, and beneficial human beings in the surrounding environment who have noble character, have logical abilities, have a good leadership spirit, and have an entrepreneurial spirit.

Emotional conditions and social skills in children with speech delay

This study aimed to determine the emotional factors and social skills that affect a child's speech delay. Speech delay is a problem related to the speech delay of a child compared to the speech stages of his peers.This research used a qualitative descriptive research type through the Single Subject Research (SSR) method. Qualitative descriptive is a method that provides an overview and interprets the meaning of the data collected through giving attention and recording as many aspects of the situation as possible during the research to obtain a general and comprehensive description of the actual conditions. In the aspect of the emotional condition, based on the observations, it was clear that a child with speech delay had difficulty in understanding the instructions. He/she did not really understand the instructions even with short and simple sentences. He did not understand the role of objects and the names of the days of the week. His/her logical ability to reason was deemed not so developed which made it difficult to understand the causal relationship between circumstances, failing to find a solution to solve a problem. He/she also did not understand abstract theories, such as antonyms and anonymous. All of this will ultimately have a negative impact on the child's social skills.Keywords: Emotional condition, social skills, child speech delay.

Unsaid thoughts: Thinking in the absence of verbal logical connectives.

Combining two thoughts into a compound mental representation is a central feature of our verbal and non-verbal logical abilities. We here approach this issue by focusing on the contingency that while natural languages have typically lexicalised only two of the possible 16 binary connectives from formal logic to express compound thoughts—namely, the coordinators and and or—some of the remainder appear to be entertainable in a non-verbal, conceptual representational system—a language of thought—and this suggests a theoretical split between the “lexicalisation” of the connectives and the “learnability” of invented words corresponding to unlexicalised connectives. In a visual world experiment aimed at tracking comprehension-related as well as reasoning-related aspects of the capacity to represent compound thoughts, we found that participants are capable of learning and interpreting a made-up word standing for logic's NAND operator, a result that indicates that unlexicalised logical connectives are not only conceptually available, but can also be mapped onto new function words, as in the case of coordinators, or connectives, a class of words that do not usually admit new coinages.

A Bayesian General Model to Account for Individual Differences in Operation-Specific Learning Within a Test.

The present paper introduces a general multidimensional model to measure individual differences in learning within a single administration of a test. Learning is assumed to result from practicing the operations involved in solving the items. The model accounts for the possibility that the ability to learn may manifest differently for correct and incorrect responses, which allows for distinguishing different types of learning effects in the data. Model estimation and evaluation is based on a Bayesian framework. A simulation study is presented that examines the performance of the estimation and evaluation methods. The results show accuracy in parameter recovery as well as good performance in model evaluation and selection. An empirical study illustrates the applicability of the model to data from a logical ability test.

Logic, Spatial Algorithms and Visual Reasoning

Spatial and diagrammatic reasoning is a significant part not only of logical abilities, but also of logical studies. The authors of this paper consider some novel trends in studying this type of reasoning. They show that there are the following two main trends in spatial logic: (i) logical studies of the distribution of various objects in space (logic of geometry, logic of colors, etc.); (ii) logical studies of the space algorithms applied by nature itself (logic of swarms, logic of fungi colonies, etc.).

BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI FUN COOKING PADA ANAK USIA DINI

This paper aims to determine the extent of the influence of fun cooking in improving mathematics learning in early childhood. This article is based on the assumption that learning in early childhood will be more meaningful by playing and having fun for children. In general, mathematics is introduced to the process of counting, measuring, and weighing. Fun cooking was chosen for the method of introducing mathematics to early childhood because it can improve children's mathematical logical abilities in the cooking process such as counting, measuring and weighing food ingredients. The findings from this article are expected to help teachers in implementing fun mathematics learning for early childhood

Application of the Data Mining Model in Smart Mobile Education

In order to solve the problem that education departments urgently need intelligent and efficient information technology to deal with massive data, so as to mine valuable information for management decision-making, an overall scheme framework of education informatization is proposed. The framework takes data mining as a tool, combined with the theoretical knowledge of cloud computing, and takes the student data of a school as an example to verify the practicability of the framework system. The results are as follows: the framework clusters the students of a school. The overall level of students in cluster 1 is high, accounting for 45.07% of the total number. These kinds of students have solid basic theory, strong logical thinking ability, and excellent professional knowledge learning. The overall level of students in cluster 2 is average, accounting for 38.03% of the total number. This kind of students should pay attention to the study of professional courses and the cultivation of professional skills. The rest are students in cluster 3. These kinds of students have weak basic professional knowledge and poor thinking and logic ability. Through the accuracy before and after pruning output from the model, the accuracy before pruning is 87.32% and the accuracy after pruning is 97.37%. The noise data are eliminated in the process of pruning. The framework established in this study provides a certain decision-making basis for education and teaching and explains the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of data mining technology in educational informatization.

Asymmetric Ferroelectric-Gated Two-Dimensional Transistor Integrating Self-Rectifying Photoelectric Memory and Artificial Synapse.

Ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FET) are promising candidates for future information devices. However, they suffer from low endurance and short retention time, which retards the application of processing memory in the same physical processes. Here, inspired by the ferroelectric proximity effects, we design a reconfigurable two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 transistor featuring with asymmetric ferroelectric gate, exhibiting high memory and logic ability with a program/erase ratio of over 106 and a self-rectifying ratio of 103. Interestingly, the robust electric and optic cycling are obtained with a large switching ratio of 106 and nine distinct resistance states upon optical excitation with excellent nonvolatile characteristics. Meanwhile, the operation of memory mimics the synapse behavior in response to light spikes with different intensity and number. This design realizes an integration of robust processing memory in one single device, which demonstrates a considerable potential of an asymmetric ferroelectric gate in the development of Fe-FETs for logic processing and nonvolatile memory applications.

The Effect of Mathematical Logical Intelligence on Mathematical Problem Solving Ability through Contextual Approach

The purpose of this study was to prove that there is a correlation between mathematical logical intelligence and mathematical problem solving ability through a contextual approach and to prove that is a significant effect of mathematical logical intelligence on mathematical problem solving ability through a contextual approach. The sample used was 31 students of class VIII B MTs Tauhidiyah Sulang with the material used is polyhedron. The learning process in this study was based on lesson plans with a contextual approach, while the data were obtained through mathematical logical intelligence instruments and mathematical problem solving ability tests. After the data was collected and analyzed using two techniques, namely simple linear correlation and simple linear regression, the conclusions were: 1) There is a positive correlation and significant (r = 0.417) between mathematical logical intelligence and problem solving ability through a contextual approach. 2) There is a significant effect of mathematical logical intelligence on mathematical problem solving ability through a contextual approach of 17.4% which is explained by the regression line equation Y=3.360+0.265X, which means that the mathematical problem solving ability variable has a consistent value a 3.360 and it can be said that for every increase 1 unit of mathematical logical intelligence value increase 0.265 trought contextual approach.

Externalism, transparency, and diagonal propositions

Boghossian (Philos Perspect 8:33–50, 1994) argued (a) that externalism is incompatible with a transparency thesis according to which we can know a priori whether any two of our occurrent thoughts have the same or distinct content, and (b) that this transparency thesis is integral to our commonsense conception of rationality, which requires the apriority of our logical abilities. Stalnaker (Our knowledge of the internal world, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008) offered a detailed compatibilist response to Boghossian. Boghossian (Philos Stud 155:457–465, 2011) criticized this response, and Stalnaker (Philos Stud 155:467–479, 2011) replied. But the outcome of that important discussion remained unclear, partly because it was unclear how to understand the amended transparency thesis at which Stalnaker was gesturing. My aim in this paper is to settle the matter. I wish (i) to clarify the terms of the debate, also by highlighting the relevant commitments of Stalnaker’s two-dimensionalist account, and (ii) to show that his compatibilist response, which appeals to diagonal propositions, is unsuccessful.

Emergence and Embodiment in Economic Modeling.

Exploratory ventures outside the established disciplinary boundaries can yield added insights and explanatory power. Imposing cognitive limitations on human logical reasoning ability (bounded rationality) is a well-known case in point. Extending cognition to parts of body outside the brain, and to environment outside the body is another. In contrast, the present article takes a constructive approach, also in an exploratory spirit. For the sake of exposition, we consider three tiered realms of scientific inquiry: physical or inanimate, biological or animate, and socio-psychological or sentient. In this three-tier framework, we explore the extent of gains in modeling human action within the confines of physical principles such as optimization. In this exercise, concepts of complexity and emergence account for the absence of analytically derivable mapping from micro or finer grain phenomena to macro or coarser grain phenomena. A general notion of embodiment captures the inclusion of a more expansive range of explanatory factors in modeling and understanding a given phenomenon. Emergence and embodiment play complementary roles in exploration of human behavior.

A Study on Teaching Strategies of English Writing in Senior High School From the Perspective of Thematic Progression

Writing is an important competence for English learners, which can reflect their English expression ability and logical ability. However, there are still many problems in English writing teaching, such as students’ lack of logic and teachers’ lack of writing teaching strategies. By analyzing the problems in English writing teaching in senior high school, this study puts forward some pre-writing and post-writing teaching strategies from the perspective of thematic progression, in order to provide more insights for the field of English writing.

Relationship between Logical Ability and Tactical Understanding in Women’s Soccer

In soccer, techniques, followed by situational judgment, heavily influences victory or defeat. Logical ability in sports is thought to be associated with situational judgment, coupled with the judgment of individual players and the general manager’s tactical understanding. This study aims to examine the factors related to understanding the coach’s tactical strategies from the perspective of logical ability. The study surveyed 52 university students and 16 high school students belonging to soccer clubs for women. We evaluated players’ level of understanding regarding the coach’s tactics through video tasks. The students were then classified into high-, middle-, and low rank groups in depending on their scores. Further, the study examined the difference in factor scores among the groups by using an evaluation scale designed to measure logical ability in sports. The results highlighted that the factor scores for logical ability in terms of analysis, discovery, explanation, and communication were significantly higher for the high- and middle rank groups compared. Moreover, the low rank group exhibited low levels for “speed of judgment on the flow of the game” and “willingness to share ideas with teammates,” suggesting that these aspects significantly influence tactical understanding.

Natural Computations and Artificial Intelligence

The research program focused on the analysis of computational approaches to natural and artificial intelligence is one of four accepted for implementation at the Center for the Philosophy of Consciousness and Cognitive Sciences of the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences. Presumably, it should become a direction of interdisciplinary research at the crossroad of philosophy, cognitive psychology, cognitive and social neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. The working hypothesis proposed for discussion attended by the relevant specialists is as follows: if an acceptable computational theory of mind appears, we will be able to restrict our research to a simple scientific ontology describing only parts of a physical implementation of computational algorithms, adding a relevant version of computational mathematics thereto. Another hypothesis proposed is that there is an essential ontological intersection between the mechanisms underlying human cognitive abilities and their social organization, both of which serving as an implementation medium for complex distributed cognitive computations. Particularly those which are associated with social organization are responsible for logical and verbal (“rational”) cognitive abilities. As a result of some previous research, an ontology of nested distributed computational systems was generally formulated, which, as expected, can demonstrate significant heuristic potential if supplemented with an adequate mathematical apparatus. Since only individuals with certain cognitive abilities can be social agents, a philosophical problem arises: are cognitive abilities necessary or sufficient to involve their carriers in stable social interactions? In the first case, we have a weak thesis about the cognitive determination of sociality, in the second — the strong one. The choice between these positions is, too, a subject of future research.