Logical Ability Research Articles

Morphosyntax and logical abilities in Italian poor readers: The problem of SLI under-identification

The study investigated morphosyntactic abilities and semantic-pragmatic competence in 24 children with developmental dyslexia aged 7 -12 years. Morphosyntactic abilities were investgated in a direct object clitic production task, semantic-pragmatic competence in a quantifier comprehension task. Children with dyslexia produced fewer clitics than their age controls and vocabulary controls. Ten children with dyslexia scored less than 1.5 SD below the mean score of an additional group of 89 children of the same age, selected across a range of oral and reading abilities. No difference was found in quantifier comprehension. These findings suggest that a large number of children with dyslexia are likely to be affected by SLI, although not diagnosed, and the authors recommend language assessment, including assessment of clitic production, when children are referred for dyslexia. By capitalizing on theories that see SLI as a deficit in the processing of complex aspects of linguistic relations, the authors argue that the production of clitics is particularly challenging because of their syntactic and morphosyntactic complexity.

Learning by Doing: Implementing in Microcontroller Course

Many Engineering applications use microcontrollers as one of the important component. Hence, in our curriculum, Microcontrollers course is one of the core subjects for the undergraduate students of Electrical and Electronics stream. Traditionally, the course was taught as a theory subject in classrooms, accompanied by practical sessions. However, it was observed from the course end survey that, the students were not able to appreciate the subject, as they were not involved in applying the concepts in developing a project. In this paper, an alternative approach of teaching Microcontroller course with emphasis on projects or open ended experiments along with traditional method of teaching is presented. The learning level of the students is found to be increased with this approach. The method is also found to improve students' logical ability and spirit of team work.

Help to perpetuate traditional gender roles: Benevolent sexism increases engagement in dependency-oriented cross-gender helping.

Based on theorizing that helping relations may serve as a subtle mechanism to reinforce intergroup inequality, the present research (N = 1,315) examined the relation between benevolent sexism (i.e., a chivalrous yet subtly oppressive view of women) and helping. In cross-gender interactions, the endorsement of (Studies 1, 3, and 4) or exposure to (Study 2) benevolent sexism predicted (a) men's preference to provide women with dependency-oriented help (i.e., direct assistance) rather than tools for autonomous coping, and (b) women's preference to seek dependency-oriented help rather than tools for autonomous coping. Benevolent sexism did not predict men's and women's engagement in dependency-oriented helping relations in same-gender interactions. Studies 1 and 2 examined behavioral intentions in response to a series of hypothetical scenarios; Studies 3 and 4 examined actual behavior in tests of mathematical and logical ability, and pointed to assumed partner's expectations as a potential mediator. The converging evidence supports the hypothesis that benevolent sexism encourages engagement in cross-gender helping relations that perpetuate traditional gender roles.

Updating Biomedical Studies by Recruiting More Mathematics or Physicsmajored Talents

Currently, the expense of biomedical scientific investigations is expanding greatly. A great part of these biomedical studies is repeat work and less significance. Mathematics or physics-majored students and talents have a number of unique characters that are very important for biomedical scientific investigations-include disciplinary, good intuitions, sensitive to numbers, higher logic ability of data abstraction/deductions and new model imaginative capability. They can play unique roles in the fields of biomedical science study. In order to update biomedical studies, it is a good way to recruit more mathematics or physics-majored students and talents. This editorial offers our vision on this matter. Possible future achievements are foresighted herein.

Inferential Rationality and Internalistic Scarecrows

Abstract In a recent paper, Manuel Perez Otero attempted to turn the tables on Paul Boghossian's claim that content externalism is incompatible with the 'a priority of our logical abilities'. In reply, Boghossian argued that Perez Otero's criticism misses the main point of his argument through concentrating on the semantics of singular (as opposed to general) terms. I elaborate on Boghossian's reply by showing that even taken on its own terms Perez Otero's paper fails to engage with internalism through systematically misrepresenting what a truly internalistic account of the semantics of singular terms should be.

Evaluate Knowledge of Cognitive Skill based on HCI System and Analyze the Reliability Factor using Mathematical Method

An aim of this research is to analyze the reliability factor between logical reasoning, numerical ability and perceptual speed which relates to the qualification of mother and father and hours spend to daily variables based on Karl Pearson Correlation Coefficient. These analyses help to students’ self development and level of confidence in their ability reason and can justify their thinking will increase and stimulate the skill positively. Based on framing the hypothesis, an analysis can be carried out by Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method and differential analysis (T-test) to find out by significant difference between the variable.

Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health

During recent years psychologists have broadened their understanding of the concept of intelligence, which traditionally was largely understood as linguistic and logical abilities. Influenced by the theories of multiple intelligence, psychologists are talking of emotional, creative, social, practical, existential, and spiritual intelligences (Bar-On, 2000; Gardener, 1983, 2000; Emmons, 1999; Goleman, 2001; Mayer & Salovey, 1993; Sternberg, 1997, 2005). Consequent upon the research findings by Goleman (1998) and Hedlund and Sternberg (2000) that IQ, a measure of cognitive intelligence abilities, accounts for only about 20 to 30 percent of professional success, researchers began to define intelligence in different ways. Goleman (2001) has conceptualized emotional intelligence as a set of abilities that draw on the emotional resources of the individual which contribute more to success in life than do traditional intelligence.It is known that emotion is a complex state of feeling that results in physiological changes which influence the thought and behavior of the individual. Positive emotions such as love, motivation, appreciation, friendship, self control, satisfaction, freedom, fulfillment, autonomy, peace, awareness and happiness are associated with positive state of mind and good health. Hence, they need to be maintained and used effectively as and when the situation demands. Similarly, since negative emotions like anger, failure, fear, disappointment, frustration, obligation, guilt, resentment, emptiness, bitterness, dependence, depression, loneliness are associated with negative state of mind and unhealthy physiological functioning (Herbert & Choen, 1993), they are required to be managed and regulated. Emotions aroused in a particular situation depend not so much on the situation itself, as on how it is appraised. The meaning of the term intelligence being the cognitive capacity for abstract thought, understanding, reasoning, learning, planning and problem solving, the ability to understand, appraise, monitor and use the emotions or feelings of one's own as well as that of others define the concept of emotional intelligence (Mayer & Salovey, 1993). Golman (1995) suggests five major domains of emotional intelligence, such as self awareness, Self regulation, Motivation, Empathy, and Social skills.There is no dearth of studies reporting the importance of emotional intelligence. Singh and Saini (2007) studied the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationships. They revealed that the persons who are emotionally stable posit good interpersonal relations, enjoy the trust of other and tend to be less aggressive and hostile to others. Emotionally intelligent people are better at negotiation and conflict management due to the very nature of their ability to understand the needs and desires of others. It is easier to give people what they want if one can perceive what it is. Emotional intelligence also seems to affect our attitude and outlook towards life. It can also help to alleviate anxiety and avoid depression and mood swings. Emotional Intelligence has been found to be correlated negatively with depression proneness, and positively with subjective happiness and life satisfaction (Saklafske, Austein, & Minski, 2003).In the context of the above mentioned findings, it is natural to expect a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and mental as well as physical health. Salovey et al (1999) claim that individuals who can regulate their emotional states are healthier because they accurately perceive and appraise their emotional states, know how and when to express their feelings and can effectively regulate their mood states. Failure of emotional self-management leads to significant negative influences on physical health and mental health (Salovey, 2001). It is observed that people low on the dimension of emotional intelligence, resort to smoking, drinking and eating fatty foods as a way of coping to emotional stress (Taylor, 2001). …

Captain Coconut & the Case of the Missing Bananas by Anushka Ravishankar (review)

Reviewed by: Captain Coconut & the Case of the Missing Bananas by Anushka Ravishankar April Spisak Ravishankar, Anushka Captain Coconut & the Case of the Missing Bananas; illus. by Priya Sundram. Tara, 2015 96p ISBN 978-93-83145-22-5 $16.95 R Gr. 2-5 Though Captain Coconut considers himself a remarkable detective, his deductive and logical abilities are not exactly Holmesian. Nevertheless, he’s the man called in for the job when Mrs. Y notices that some bananas are missing from a large bunch purchased the day before. The intrepid detective only takes a moment to determine how many bananas are missing (though the book is billed as a number mystery, the target audience will gloss over the simple math), but he requires more time to determine who the actual culprit is; ultimately an unpleasant bathroom situation is the final clue needed to solve the comic mystery. Clever Bollywood song interludes, clothing cues, and the rich, brown shades used for the characters will give the audience all they need to place this graphic novel in the book’s home country of India. The bold and unusual color choices throughout, paired with the collage panels, make this a true visual treat, and the subtle, dry humor will keep older readers amused as they pore over the sophisticated illustrations. This is the first graphic novel in what will be a series; readers will almost certainly find that Captain Coconut is worth another read when the next one comes around. Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

An eye-tracking study of feature-based choice in one-shot games

Previous experimental research suggests that individuals apply rules of thumb to a simplified mental model of the “real” decision problem. We claim that this simplification is obtained either by neglecting the other players’ incentives and beliefs or by taking them into consideration only for a subset of game outcomes. We analyze subjects’ eye movements while playing a series of two-person, 3 × 3 one-shot games in normal form. Games within each class differ by a set of descriptive features (i.e., features that can be changed without altering the game equilibrium properties). Data show that subjects on average perform partial or non-strategic analysis of the payoff matrix, often ignoring the opponent´s payoffs and rarely performing the necessary steps to detect dominance. Our analysis of eye-movements supports the hypothesis that subjects use simple decision rules such as “choose the strategy with the highest average payoff” or “choose the strategy leading to an attractive and symmetric outcome” without (optimally) incorporating knowledge on the opponent’s behavior. Lookup patterns resulted being feature and game invariant, heterogeneous across subjects, but stable within subjects. Using a cluster analysis, we find correlations between eye-movements and choices; however, applying the Cognitive Hierarchy model to our data, we show that only some of the subjects present both information search patterns and choices compatible with a specific cognitive level. We also find a series of correlations between strategic behavior and individual characteristics like risk attitude, short-term memory capacity, and mathematical and logical abilities.

Effective Teaching of Course on 8051 Microcontrollers through Course Project

Practice and application-oriented approach in education is important and some research on active learning and cooperative problem-solving has shown that a student will learn faster and understand subject in depth. This paper describes our experience in effective teaching of 8051 Microcontrollers through course project. The course project is designed to improve students' practical thinking, logical ability and to make students, work in team. The course project is aimed at exposing students to the field of embedded systems, and will provide a knowledge foundation which will enable students to pursue subsequent courses in real-time embedded systems software and computer design. Students will become familiar with the associated technical vocabulary and will learn about potential career opportunities in the field of embedded system design. In this paper we present our experience in using a new approach for teaching 8051 microcontroller course and it's associated laboratory.

Evaluation and analysis of cognitive function in chronic renal failure patients

To explore the characteristics of cognitive impairment and correlation analysis in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The Addenbrooke's cognitive examination revised (ACE-R) scale was used to evaluate the cognitive function for 101 cases of chronic renal failure patients (group CRF) receiving outpatient and inpatient treatments and selected 30 individuals with normal renal function as normal controls (group NC) for cross-sectional analysis. T test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and other statistical methods were adopted for comparing differences. (1) Compared with group NC (83.4 ± 6.5), group CRF (71.9 ± 17.6) showed significantly statistical difference on Addenbrooke's cognitive examination revised (ACE-R) scale scores (P < 0.01); (2)compared with normal controls, the patients with CRF had significantly statistical difference on the scores of visual spatial ability (11.5 ± 3.2, 14.0 ± 3.0 respectively), language fluency (7.0 ± 2.6, 8.7 ± 1.9) (P < 0.01) and memory (18.1 ± 7.0, 21.5 ± 3.6 respectively) (P < 0.05); (3) the cognitive function of patients with CRF were significantly positive correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = 0.614, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the duration of illness (r = -0.492, P < 0.01); (4) From ROC curve and the area under curve (AUC), ACE-R scale (AUC = 0.680) showed a higher sensitivity than mini-mental state examination scale (AUC = 0.576) in assessing cognitive function in patients with CRF (P < 0.01). (1) Under similar basic conditions of age, level of education and background, CRF patients showed significant damage overall cognitive function, cognitive impairment in visual spatial ability, executive function, long-term memory and logical judgment ability was particularly impaired. Immediate and delayed memory, attention, orientation and language ability also manifested different degrees of decline; (2) the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with CFR was closely related with the level of GFR; (3) the ACE-R scale showed a higher sensitivity than mini-mental state examination scale in assessing cognitive function in patients with CRF.

The Application of Multimedia Technology in Mathematics Teaching

Multimedia technology as a means for effective teaching, can effectively stimulate the students' information that teachers want to pass and strengthen the students' interest in mathematics through the visual form, diversification, enrichment. At the same time, it can reduce the teachers hand-painted, transcription, such as time, increase classroom information density, improve the students' logical ability and imagination, achieving the goal of improving the quality of mathematics teaching, thus has high practical significance. This paper survey the background and related theory, the characteristics of multimedia technology in understanding, focusing on analyzing advantage and the necessity of its application in mathematics teaching, and the application effects of the study.

Inferential abilities based on pictorial stimuli in patients with right hemisphere damage: influence of schooling.

Inferences are mental representations, formed through the interaction between explicit linguistic information and an individual's world knowledge. It is well known that individuals with brain damage in the right hemisphere (RH) often fail on this task and that schooling may be a variable affecting this.ObjectiveTo compare the effect of schooling on an inference comprehension task based on pictorial stimuli in patients with RH lesion.MethodsThe inferential abilities of 75 controls and 50 patients with RH lesion were assessed through the pictorial stimuli from the instrument "300 exercises of comprehension of logical and pragmatic inferences and causal chains". Both groups were stratified into two subgroups according to schooling level: 4 to 8 years and 9 or more years.Results and ConclusionHighly educated subjects performed better than low educated individuals, both on intergroup and intragroup comparisons (p<0.0001) for logical and pragmatic inference ability.

O036 Impact of Fetal Heart Maturity in Brain Development and later Neurocognitive Functioning in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease

(copy:u¼165.000; p<0,001;memory:u¼204.000;p<0.001),Symbol Search(u¼1099.000; p¼0.004),BADS (u¼162.000;p<0.001), Stroop Test, words (u¼162.000; p<0.001), colors (u¼247.500; p<0.001), interference (u¼157.000; p<0.001) and Trail Making Test, A (u¼1426.500; p<0.001) and B (u¼1379.500; p<0.001). Several correlations were apparent between fetal/ neonatal parameters (mainly, the head circumference at birth) and neuropsycho- logical abilities in CHD. However, cyanosis and the Head circumference at birth stand as main correlations with cognitive development later on in CHD (R¼0.408;R 2 ¼0.167; F¼5.203;p¼0.009;HC:b¼0.256;t¼1.979;P¼0.053;Cyanosis:b¼-0.270;t¼-2.086; P¼0.042). Conclusion: Adolescents with CHD have worse neuropsychological performance than the control group, and the cyanotic worse than the acyanotic patients. The fetal anomalies in heart and circulation seem to have impact in delaying cerebral and somatic growth, pre- dicting cognitive impairment in adolescents with CHD. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared

Personality and Education Mining based Job Advisory System

  Abstract — Every job demands an employee with some specific qualities in addition to the basic educational qualification. For example, an introvert person cannot be a good leader despite of a very good academic qualification. Thinking and logical ability is required for a person to be a successful software engineer. So, the aim of this paper is to present a novel approach for advising an ideal job to the job seeker while considering his personality trait and educational qualification both. Very well-known theories of personality like MBTI indicator and OCEAN theory, are used for personality mining. For education mining, score based system is used. The score based system captures the information from attributes like most scoring subject, dream job etc. After personality mining, the resultant values are coalesced with the information extracted from education mining. And finally, the most suited jobs, in terms of personality and educational qualification are recommended to the job seekers. The experiment is conducted on the students who have earned an engineering degree in the field of computer science, information technology and electronics. Nevertheless, the same architecture can easily be extended to other educational degrees also. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is a first e-job advisory system that recommends the job best suited as per one's personality using MBTI and OCEAN theory both.

Serious Gaming at School

The concept of Serious Gaming refers to the adoption of classical entertainment games for purposes other than entertainment, including learning and instruction. In this paper the authors report on a Serious Gaming field experiment where typical board games (such as battleship, master mind and domino) were employed with the shifted purpose of triggering and sustaining primary school students' reasoning and logical abilities. The results of the field experiment showed that: 1) there is a strong correlation between school achievement and the ability to play and solve this kind of games and that 2) motivation and engagement in game-based learning tasks is very high, irrespective of the level of achievement of the subjects. Final considerations are drawn about the potential and the opportunity of adopting the considered games to support those reasoning skills that are widely recognized as transversal to any kind of learning and thus deeply affecting overall school performance.

Improving Learning Performance with Happiness by Interactive Scenarios

Recently, digital learning has attracted a lot of researchers to improve the problems of learning carelessness, low learning ability, lack of concentration, and difficulties in comprehending the logic of math. In this study, a digital learning system based on Kinect somatosensory system is proposed to make children and teenagers happily learn in the course of the games and improve the learning performance. We propose two interactive geometry and puzzle games. The proposed somatosensory games can make learners feel curious and raise their motivation to find solutions for boring problems via abundant physical expressions and interactive operations. The players are asked to select particular operation by gestures and physical expressions within a certain time. By doing so, the learners can feel the fun of game playing and train their logic ability before they are aware. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed somatosensory system can effectively improve the students' learning performance.

The effect of age and educational level on the cognitive processes used to comprehend the meaning of pictograms

Pictograms, designed to be a universal communication system, are often created from several concrete and easily recognizable drawings. Does understanding depend on a logical approach? Or is it the ability to inhibit the concrete sense of each picture that allows access to a higher level of comprehension? (ability to abstract). These executive functions are sensitive to the effects of aging and educational level. The aim of our study was to evaluate the nature of the cognitive processes underlying the meaning of pictograms and to test the effect of aging and educational level. We enrolled 19 older adults (60-69 years old) and 63 young adults (20-29 years old). Of these 63 young adults, 43 had a high educational level (Young-High participants), and 20 had a lower educational level (Young-Low participants). Each participant was asked the meaning of 20 pictograms and underwent an assessment of abstraction and logical abilities with WAIS-III test. Older adults had lower pictogram assessment scores and abstraction and logical abilities when compared with young adults. In both groups, abstraction and logical abilities were correlated with the interpretation of pictograms but only abstraction ability remains strongly correlated with pictogram comprehension in the older group after adjustment of sex, age and educational level. Consequently, the poorer performances of older adults to determine the meaning of pictograms could be explained by the decline of abstraction ability in elderly. Pictograms are not the universal communication system as we formerly thought. Age and educational level may influence the performance in determining the meaning of pictograms.

Enhancing Digital Fluency through a Training Program for Creative Problem Solving Using Computer Programming

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a training program for creative problem solving based on computer programming. The proposed program will encourage students to solve real‐life problems through a creative thinking spiral related to cognitive skills with computer programming. With the goal of enhancing digital fluency through this proposed training program, we investigated its effects. Two sets of experiments were performed in which 119 typical students and 30 younger, gifted students participated. Two synthetic creative problem solving tests, which had a high correlation with logical ability, scientific problem solving ability and divergent thinking ability, were developed to measure creative problem solving ability. We provided the treatment group with a paper‐based booklet with relevant problems developed specifically for that group. ANCOVA statistical procedures were used to analyze the pre‐ and post‐synthetic creative problem solving tests. The findings of our study are as follows: with typical students, the originality of the treatment group outperformed the control group, a result that was compatible with previous research. With gifted students, the fluency of the treatment group outperformed the control group, and overall creative problem solving ability was enhanced. Remarkably, fluency increased significantly, a notable difference from the results of prior studies. In conclusion, we inferred that, given the definition of digital fluency, if creative problem solving ability is enhanced by a training program for creative problem solving based on computer programming, digital fluency will ultimately be improved. In this paper, we discuss the result of fluency enhancement that contradicts prior research. We suggest that this training program could be a new learning environment for the students who have grown up with digital media.

IS 47. Frequency-dependent boosting of fluid intelligence during weak prefrontal alternate current stimulation

Background Modulation of ongoing brain activity through transcranial direct and alternate current stimulation have been already demonstrated, using both steady state cortical excitability and task-related motor performances as final outcome indexes. The opportunity to modulate, i.e. enhance or inhibit, higher level cognitive abilities in the same way is an intriguing scenario, especially for a cognitive rehabilitation perspective, although no evidences have been provided so far. Objective To originally investigate the possibility to modulate abstract reasoning and logical abilities through transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS), 15 healthy subjects, naive to tACS, underwent a Raven progressive matrices-alike cognitive task, composed by 60 randomized stimuli divided into 4 increasing difficulty levels (namely “1”, “2”, “ 3 Relations ” and “ Logic ” matrices). Five parallel version of the task have been created using SANDIA software and used during 5 randomized separate tACS sessions (5/10/20/40 Hz/sham at 1 mA stimulation intensity), carried out using a bipolar montage (active electrode on left middle frontal gyrus, vertex reference). As a control task, additional reaction times (RTs) were measured throughout the experimental sessions, by using a low-cognitive load odd/even pc-based task. Methods The relationship between performance and the predictors of interest, i.e. tACS (sham/5/10/20/40 Hz) and kind of test (LOGIC and 1/2/3 RELATIONS) was investigated through gamma (for reaction time) and logistic (for accuracy) regressions. Results A main effect of Task on both accuracy ( X 2 = 3668.5, p X 2 = 424.6, p X 2 = 13.6, p X 2 = 0.3, n.s). Consistently, the presence of interaction between tACS and task for RTs (40 Hz; X 2 = 97.7, p X 2 = 125.6, p Conclusions results originally show a possible online boosting of higher order cognitive abilities using tACS. The frequency-dependent gamma-band tACS effect on RTs offers an interesting hypothesis about a cognitive flexibility improvement during high loading tasks (3 relations and logic), possibly induced by an entrainment of gamma stimulation. Such an entrainment might cause an increase of gamma bursts occurrence typically observed during problem solving.