Logical Skills Research Articles

FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF LOGICAL THINKING AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF TRAINING MILITARY SPECIALISTS

Problem setting. Today new generation of future military professionals must be prepared for professional activity and life in the ever-changing conditions of military affairs. Military activity is a specific type of activity. Therefore, higher military education should become school of high culture of thinking of future military specialists. The formation of a logical culture of the future military specialist and a holistic personality is inconceivable without the formation of professional thinking. One of the main shortcomings in the training of cadets is the problem of solving new technical problems.
 Recent research and publications analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis of scientific sources and expert assessment of the significance of components of the creative activity of military specialists professional thinking, the criteria for the development of each component and their indicators have been defined. This problem is considered by Zavalishin, Teplov, Yagupov, technical thinking (Kudryavtsev, Kulyutkin, Reshetnikov) and othes.
 Paper objective. In the research the theoretical basis and experimental study of peculiarities of the development of the logical component of future military specialists’ professional thinking in the process of professional training in a higher education institution have been carried out.
 Paper main body. On the basis of theoretical analysis it has been determined that logical thinking is an important component of the professional skill of a specialist, which ensures the successful accomplishment of professional tasks, the adoption of optimal solutions in a certain area of activity, and it is the embodiment of the professional competences of the individual and the condition for his or her professional development. The paper deals with the problem of logical thinking as an important component of training military specialists in psychological and pedagogical sciences. The analysis of thinking as a psychological cognitive process, in scientific works of foreign and native scientists, considering the regularities of the human psyche functioning in extreme situations, has carried out, in order to improve the moral and psychological support of the personnel. The model of future military specialists training for the development of primary school pupils‘ logical skills has been developed and tried out. It includes such units as: purposeful (social control, aim, tasks); methodological (approaches, principles, interaction subjects); content and activity (content, forms, means, methods, technologies); assessment and resultative (criteria, rates, levels, result). Forms, methods and means of educational process according to the future military specialists training for the development of cadets logical skills have been improved. This notion has historical character and complex structure: levels of formal logic and dialectics. The pedagogical ways of formation of culture of thinking of students are also given. The transition in the educational dialogue from oral to written, from the external to the internal dialogue, and vice versa, ensures the development of thinking interlocutors in the process of solving educational problems. Educational dialogue is not only an exchange of remarks between its participants, but it is their social interaction, communication, which activates their mental, emotional, sensuous activity. The characteristics of professional thinking of the organizers of future military specialists, which need to be developed to achieve professionalism in the professional military activity, have been considered.
 Conclusions of the research. Practical meaning of the obtained results lies in the development and implementation into the educational process of establishments of higher education the diagnostics methodology of the future teachers‘ readiness levels for the formation of military specialists logical skills. The number of academic hours has been increased to study the methodology of solving tasks in logic. The characteristics of professional thinking of the cadet, which need to be developed to achieve professionalism in the professional military activity, have been considered.

"BLACK RHETORIC" AS A MANIPULATIVE TECHNIQUE

Problem setting. Manipulations are the main thing in «black rhetoric». Nowadays, it is not difficult to influence with the help of words, different techniques can be used, but they all act as a forced verbal influence on the listener. All of them are formulated and sound based on the power of words. However, where the coercion of submission to another's will is disguised and hidden, there is always contempt and speculation. Therefore, it is no coincidence that most experts raise the question of the moral side of the use of black rhetoric. However, it is fair to say that "black rhetoric" does not mean that it is "forbidden rhetoric." Most likely − this is the reverse side of the classic rules of the communicative process. These are two reverse sides of the same coin: on the one hand, argumentation and logic are clearly presented. On the other hand − rhetoric as a method of securing beliefs. It is believed that black rhetoric is constructive under certain conditions.Paper objectiv. An article devoted to the study of the problems of the application of manipulations with «black rhetoric», coverage of the technology of black rhetoric and methods of resistance to the means and technical manipulative influence on consciousness. The aim of the study is to reveal the techniques of «black rhetoric» and find ways to overcome several methods of manipulating consciousness. Paper main body. According to K. Bredemayer, "black rhetoric" is the manipulation of a complex of rhetorical, dialectical, polemical and rabid methods in order to direct the conversation in the desired direction and lead the opponent or the audience to the desired conclusion and result for the manipulator.
 "Black rhetoric" and logic are interconnected, they are united not only by a common process of proof, but also by the fact that each of the sciences is based on thinking, in fact, the main type of rhetoric is verbal thinking, and the most important argument is manipulation.
 Verbal thinking − thinking that operates with fixed concepts in words, thoughts, conclusions, analyzes and summarizes, builds hypotheses and theory. It takes place in forms that are constant in the language, ie carried out in the processes of internal or ("thinking aloud") external language. Communication through verbal means is nothing more than the use of a living word in the transmission of information. But in addition to language, speech, there are other means of communication. People exchange information through gestures, facial expressions, looks, postures, body movements, which are called non-verbal (non-verbal) means of communication.
 Nonverbal communication is a system of nonverbal cues that serve as a means of exchanging information between people. There is no consensus on the composition of non-verbal components of communication, their classification is based on different criteria. Thus, the communicative nonverbal components of communication are praxodic, kinetic, toxic and proxemic means.
 "Black rhetoric" uses primarily verbal manipulations. Manipulation is the covert control of people and their behavior. The peculiarity of all manipulative language techniques is that the speaker does not directly state his true purpose. The interlocutor seems to come to the conclusion that the manipulator needs.
 Language manipulation can be found in almost all spheres of human life: in advertising, trade, politics, education, psychotherapy, jurisprudence, literature, family communication and more. In addition to language manipulation, there is also psychological manipulation, which has the following characteristics: the attitude of the manipulator to the objects of manipulation as a means to achieve one's own goal; the desire to gain a unilateral advantage; the latent nature of the influence (both the fact of influence and its direction); use of psychological vulnerability of the person.
 The analysis of the listed manipulative techniques of "black rhetoric" shows the absence of logical methods of proof and refutation. Psychological factors, emotional influences, suggestive possibilities are emphasized − thinking avoids logical principles of proof and refutation.
 Conclusions of the research. Strategies such as: take the initiative in the conversation to prevent manipulation; do not allow a skillful interlocutor-manipulator to disturb the normal course of your thoughts in his favor, because black rhetoric seeks to use linguistic means, the purpose of which is the ability to argue and discuss, emphasize and propagate so that the speaker always wins, despite the erroneous judgments.
 To effectively counteract "black rhetoric", psychological influence through critical thinking and reflection should be avoided; emphasize the logical means of discussion; analyze the information by comparing the proposed facts to be verified.
 Mastering the logical methods of introducing a discussion allows you to overcome the dangerous effects of "black rhetoric", to resist suggestions. Information security is thus achieved by mastering logical knowledge and skills of logical proof and refutation.

Neuropsychological profile and correlation with outcomes in patients admitted to spdc

IntroductionLiterature showed that patients suffering from disorders belonging to the schizophrenic (SZ) and bipolar (DB) spectrum have a qualitatively similar but quantitatively different neurocognitive impairment that correlates with the outcomes. However, the majority of former studies are conducted on patients in remission phase.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare cognitive functions between SZ and DB in the acute phase and their possible correlations with treatment outcomes.MethodsIn a prospective longitudinal study conducted at the SPDC Ausl unit of Romagna - Cesena, 57 SZ and 82 DB took part in the study. The diagnosis was based on the SCID5 CV and SCID5 DP. Symptom severity was assessed with BPRS and HONOS both at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization. Executive functions were measured with Tower of London (ToL) and Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (MCST), attention with Attentive Matrices (MA) and Stroop Test (ST), non-verbal logic skills with Colored Matrices by Raven (PM47). The statistical analyzes applied are ANOVA and logistic regression.ResultsThe cognitive tests did not reveal significant differences between SZ and DB. The logistic regression analysis showed that the scores obtained at the MCST and MA positively correlate with the efficacy of the treatment for both groups.ConclusionsCognition in DB and SZ patients was similarly impaired, supporting recent theories that placed diagnoses on a continuum of severity. Moreover, the results indicated that also in the acute phase the best predictors of the outcome were flexibility in problem solving strategies and visuospatial attention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Test Your Logic Skills with Ovegam

Ovegam provides a twist on so-called number grid puzzles by replacing arithmetic operations with the logical connectives ∧ (and), ∨ (or), → (conditional), ↔ (biconditional), and ⊕ (exclusive or, al...

СПЕЦИФИКА И МЕТОДИКИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНО- ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ СТАРШЕКЛАССНИКОВ КАК КОМПОНЕНТА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОМ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ

The research activity of schoolchildren is traditionally viewed as an integral component of the educational process. The article is devoted to the description of the specifics of the study of indi-vidual typological features of high school students in order to take them into account in the course of intellectual management in the mathematical modeling of students ' research activities. A diagnostic complex is presented, which is planned to be used to achieve this goal. The indi-cated set of methods will provide diagnostics of the parameters of the quality and success of the subject's design and research activities: motivation to achieve the goal and motivation for self-realization, value orientations and the significance of research activities, the cognitive compo-nent of creativity, knowledge of logical operations, thinking styles, skills, skills and experience of design and research activities, readiness for scientific communication and dialogue. The article gives a complete description of the diagnostic methods included in the complex: the Amthauer Intelligence Structure Test, a modification of the A. Mehrabian questionnaire test for measuring achievement motivation( TMD), diagnostics of the level of self-development and professional and pedagogical activity (L. N. Berezhnova), the “Value orientations” method (M. Rokich), the “Individual thinking styles” test (A. Alekseeva, L. Gromova), the method of diagnosing the ori-entation of the personality of B. Bass (the Smekal-Kucher Questionnaire; the Bass orientation questionnaire). This diagnostic complex will provide intelligent control in the mathematical modeling of students' research activities in the context of the deployment of their individual edu-cational trajectories. The presented methodological support allows ensuring the consistency of the results obtained at the introductory and final stages of the study.

Бінарні заняття з дисциплін природничого циклу як інтеграційна форма підготовки майбутніх офіцерів

The article explains the role of binary classes as a form of integration knowledge in the process of studying science while training future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine. It has been established that the main advantage of binary classes is that professional knowledge of future specialists is formed in a complex, while studying disciplines in a segmentary way does not give an idea of an integral phenomenon, splitting it into fragments. The form of conducting a binary lesson is exciting and non-standard. The use of different types of activities in the classroom enables the participants of educational process to keep attention, which confirms a developmental effect of learning. Binary classes increase the potential of participants in educational process, lead to defining and understanding cause-and-effect relationships, developing logic, thinking, and communication skills. Binary classes provide an opportunity for creative self-realization for both lecturers and military students as well as contribute to forming professional competencies of military students. It is noted that combining all disciplines results in losing their uniqueness. Therefore, binary classes must be organized from time to time so that military students get an understanding of the relationship between disciplines and the fact that knowledge acquired at one discipline facilitates understanding of the processes that are studied at other disciplines.

DIDACTICS OF LOGIC IN KEN SCHOOLS AND THE CONCEPTION OF LOGICIN THE "ENCYCLOPÉDIE OU DICTIONNAIRE UNIVERSEL RAISONNÉ"

The paper describes the conception of logic in Polish didactics authored by the Commission of National Education (KEN), an important educational institution of the European Enlightenment. Since the documents of the Commission refer to a vision of science presented by such influential works then as the Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire universel raisonné [Great French Encyclopedia], the paper compares the requirements from the Commission’s programmer with the encyclopaedic entries that entail logical problems broadly understood. It turns out that the Commission, following the Encyclopédie, not only recommended a list of textbooks of logic but also shared its eclectic vision of logic. Although it is characteristic of modernity to take a relative approach to the importance of traditional logic, transformed into science on method, or literally an outline of epistemology, understood according to É. Condillac as a specific form of metaphysics, nevertheless some elements of logic were eclectically made valid. This logic, from the times of I. Kant, has been defined as formal logic. Practical logical skills were preferred to the knowledge of logical theories. At the same time attention was paid to the meaning of natural logical skills, and drills in logical reasoningwhen studying languages and mathematics. Despite preferences for the analytical method they also noticed the importance of synthetic method. It seems also that although the documents of the Commission do not say anything about the teaching of syllogistic issues, in didactic practice inspired by the Encyclopédie in the schools controlled by the Commission, the room was made to teach these problems. Condillac’s book was preferred in the schools controlled by the Commission, nevertheless, it was not, as in the case of other textbooks, a must on the reading list, an obligatory reading matter, therefore it was not published in Poland. The conception of logic presented by the Commission as modelled on the Encyclopédie managed to avoid the one-sidedness of Condillac’s approach, the approach that in fact eliminated the teaching of logic.

Game PAUD Berbasis Matematika (GEMPITA) Guna Meminimalisir Ketakutan Matematika Pada Anak Usia Dini

Math seems to be one of the scourges in learning that children are afraid of, even though the use of math is very close and needed in everyday life. This specter or fear is also born from the assumption that the number of calculations and formulas that must be studied is added to the monotonous and rote-only factor of giving material. Therefore, this research was conducted as an effort to improve mathematical logic skills in early childhood thorugh the use of more interesting method in order to be accepted by children. It was the GEMPITA program (a math-based PAUD game). This study uses a literature approach with documentation techniques as a data collection method. In the implementation, the use of various tools and technology is able to increase children the attractiveness to learning mathematical concepts. So that the results are in the form of recommendations for math-based games that are easy and fun to minimize math fear in early childhood.

연주불안 해소를 위한 방안 모색

철학에서의 불안 치료에 관한 논의는 철학적 전통 안에서 심리-치료로서 철학의 실천가능성을 탐구하는 방향의 모색과 함께 전통적인 심리치료 안에서 그 한계를 극복하기 위해 철학을 수용하여 이를 치료에 활용하는 방향으로 진행되고 있다. 이러한 철학적 심리치료를 연주불안에 적용할 경우 그 실천적인 대안으로 자리매김을 할 것으로 보인다. 철학은 학습이나 이론의 습득을 통해 확보되는 것이 아니라 이성의 활동으로서의 ‘철학하기’는 철학적 훈련을 통해 스스로 깨닫는 과정인 것이다. 마음의 병을 치유하고자 하는 철학의 실천적 활동은 철학적 심리치료, 임상철학 등 최근 들어 다양한 형태로 제시되고 있다. 연주불안의 문제에 대한 해소는 심리적인 것이 원인이 되어 육체에 영향을 주는 문제이기 때문에 물리적인 측면에서 치료는 가능한 대안일 수는 없다. 따라서 철학치료만이 가능한 대안일 수 있을 것이고, 이에 따라 앞에서 언급했듯이 그 치료를 위한 다양한 대안을 제시하고 있기는 하지만, 어떤 치료가 연주불안을 해소하는데 가장 적합한 치료일 것인지에 대해서는 실질적인 연구를 통해 그 대안을 찾아야 할 것이다. 철학치료 자체도 최근 논의가 활발하게 진행되고 있는 과정의 문제라는 점에서 연주불안에 대한 치료 방안 역시 다각적인 연구를 통해 실천적 해결방안이 요구된다. 성숙한 인격은 그 자체로 치유효과가 있다는 야스퍼스의 말처럼 철학실천이 심리적 고통을 겪는 사람들에게 단순한 논리적 기술만이 되지 않고, 정서적 교감 속에서 삶의 문제를 해결하는 철학적 방안이 되기 위해서는 철학의 고향 속에서 잃어버린 실천의 모태, 즉 치유제의 역할을 찾아야만 할 것이다.Discussion on the treatment of anxiety in philosophy proceeds in the direction of embracing philosophy and using it for treatment in order to overcome its limitations in traditional psychotherapy, along with the search for the practical possibility of philosophy as psycho-therapy within the philosophical tradition Has become. If this philosophical psychotherapy is applied to performance anxiety, it is expected to establish itself as a practical alternative. Philosophy is not secured through learning or the acquisition of theory, but doing philosophy as an activity of reason is a process of self-awareness through philosophical training. Philosophy s practical activities to heal diseases of the heart have recently been presented in various forms such as philosophical psychotherapy and clinical philosophy. Since resolving the problem of performance anxiety is a problem that affects the physical body due to psychological causes, treatment cannot be a possible alternative from a physical aspect. Therefore, only philosophical therapy may be the only possible alternative, and thus, as mentioned earlier, various alternatives for the treatment are proposed, but through practical research on which treatment is the most suitable treatment for relieving performance anxiety, the alternative You will have to find it. Since philosophical therapy itself is a problem of a process that has been actively debated recently, practical solutions are also required through multilateral studies to cure performance anxiety. As Jaspers said that a mature personality has a healing effect on its own, the practice of philosophy is not just a logical skill for those suffering from psychological pain, but in order to become a philosophical solution that solves life problems in emotional sympathy, We will have to find the mother of practice lost in the world, that is, the role of a healing agent.

Comparative Analysis of Mathematics Textbooks for the 5th Graders from a Perspective of Gender

Fifth graders as young adolescents are recognisable by training their abilities to think critically and questioning gender roles. It is known that any representation of gender in purely traditional roles shapes students’ minds and influences their understanding of their abilities and interests. Therefore, their learning environment must be suited for students‘ growth as intellectuals. Textbooks, being one of the most popular tools between teaching materials, are responsible for the righteous portrayal of gender roles. The object of this study was to evaluate mathematics textbooks for the fifth graders using comparative analysis. For this research, four textbooks for fifth graders were chosen to be evaluated based on their usage in schools. Mixed methodology content analysis was performed together with evaluation analysis that was based on content analysis findings. For research purposes, the author‘s evaluation matrix was created. This research showed results determining the stereotypical portrayals of gender roles in all examined teaching materials. The portrayal of gender mostly dominated in traditional roles, almost in all categories was domination by males, except for traditionally ‘feminine’ household activities, also in some cases, there was a devaluation of women’s logical skills. It showed that the portrayal of man’s gender had superiority over the woman’s gender.

An Analysis of Students Geometry Skills with Different Visual-Spatial and Logic-Mathematic Intelligence in Solving the Problem of Solid Plane Geometry

<div class="WordSection1"><p class="BodyAbstract">This paper aims to find out the geometry skills of students with different levels of visual-spatial and logic-mathematic intelligence in solving the problem of solid geometry plane surfaces. It is qualitative descriptive research. Interview and test were employed to get data about students’ geometry skills in solving the problem of solid geometry plane surfaces. To maintain the worthiness of the data, the researcher implemented the time triangulation method. The data analysis comprised of data reduction, data display, and verification. This research used purposive sampling to determine the subjects. The results of this research indicated that the students with low visual-spatial intelligence and low logic-mathematic intelligence had visual skills level 0, the verbal skills did not reach level 0, the logical skills did not reach level 0, drawing skills of subject RR1 was level 0 and subject RR2 did not reach level 0, and applied skills level 1. The students with low visual-spatial intelligence and high logic-mathematic intelligence had visual skills level 0, verbal skills level 2, logical skills level 1, drawing skills level 1, and applied skills level 1. The students with high visual-spatial intelligence and low logic-mathematic intelligence had visual skills level 0, verbal skills level 2, logical skills level 0, drawing skills level 0, and applied skills level 1. The students with high visual-spatial intelligence and high logic-mathematic intelligence had visual skills level 0, verbal skills level 2, logical skills level 1, drawing skills level 1, and applied skills level 1..</p></div>

Development of a Game-Based e-Learning System with Augmented Reality for Improving Students’ Learning Performance

Currently, the school children usually spend a lot of time on the games in their recreational activities and some of them are even addicted to the games. Compared with other extracurricular activities, the e-Learning system reflects the fact that school children are very interested in the games. As a result, educators have lately craved to develop effective teaching activities that allow the school children to learn some subjects and to play the games simultaneously. Therefore, this study is based on an e-Learning system which combines the serious game by Unity3D Game Engine with augmented reality (AR). Students are able to acquire their knowledge and to foster logical skills via this game-based e-Learning system. According to its efficacy and utilities, this study has assessed and compared the game-based e-Learning system with the traditional learning and other e-Learning systems. The experimental results have indicated that the proposed game-based e-Learning system can outperform other existing systems.

Development of a Game-Based e-Learning System with Augmented Reality for Improving Students’ Learning Performance

Currently, the school children usually spend a lot of time on the games in their recreational activities and some of them are even addicted to the games. Compared with other extracurricular activities, the e-Learning system reflects the fact that school children are very interested in the games. As a result, educators have lately craved to develop effective teaching activities that allow the school children to learn some subjects and to play the games simultaneously. Therefore, this study is based on an e-Learning system which combines the serious game by Unity3D Game Engine with augmented reality (AR). Students are able to acquire their knowledge and to foster logical skills via this game-based e-Learning system. According to its efficacy and utilities, this study has assessed and compared the game-based e-Learning system with the traditional learning and other e-Learning systems. The experimental results have indicated that the proposed game-based e-Learning system can outperform other existing systems.

Raciocínio geométrico e aprendizagem de congruência de triângulos

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar avanços no raciocínio geométrico de um grupo de alunos submetidos a uma proposta didática no tema congruência de triângulos, a partir da manifestação das habilidades lógica e visual. A sequência didática foi elaborada no âmbito de mestrado profissional em ensino de ciências e matemática e aplicada a alunos do oitavo ano do ensino fundamental, sendo utilizados materiais manipuláveis, slides com animação e o software GeoGebra. As análises dos diálogos e dos registros produzidos pelos alunos, feitas com base no modelo teórico de Van Hiele, permitiram identificar avanços no raciocínio geométrico, já que as atividades promoveram: (a) a formação, a inspeção e a manipulação de imagens mentais, o que permitiu interpretar e deduzir informações a partir de figuras (características da habilidade visual) e (b) o processo de análise acerca das afirmações verdadeiras e falsas, e de tirar conclusões a partir de princípios e evidências (características da habilidade lógica). Considerou-se que a aplicação da sequência didática em outros contextos pode gerar análises de modo a avançar no entendimento a respeito do raciocínio lógico na aprendizagem da geometria.

Model of future primary school teachers’ training to form the logical skills of primary school pupils

Model of future primary school teachers’ training to form the logical skills of primary school pupils

Coding Success through Math Intervention in an Elementary School in Rural Amish Country

Coding in the elementary classroom is a relatively new movement in K-12 education that intends to engage young people in computer science and technology-related study. Coding initiatives focus on introducing young learners to coding and developing their computational thinking abilities. Coding helps enhance problem solving, mathematics skills, and higher-order thinking. Nevertheless, educators face many challenges with teaching coding at the elementary school level, because of the newness of computer science concepts and programming languages, gaps in student mathematics knowledge, use of technology, a relatively short attention span of young students and not fully developed reasoning, logic, and inferential skills among many others. This report describes how math interventions helped elementary school students in rural Amish Country become more successful with their coding activities.

Relationship among pre-service teacher conception of geometry and teaching skills

The purpose of this research is to find out the correlation between understanding the geometry concept of mathematics pre-service teacher and teaching ability, in explaining the concept of geometry systematically in a planned order, so that the students are easier to understand. Geometry concepts include (1) visual skills, (2) descriptive skills, (3) drawing skills, (4) logical skills, and (5) applied skills. The research method is an experiment, and the sampling technique is purposive. The research instrument is a practice test. Data understanding of geometry concept comes from the Final Test of Geometry course, while the data of teaching ability comes from teaching practice score on geometry topic. The statistical test uses the Pearson Product Moment correlation test and linearity test. The results of this research are: (1) there is a significant correlation between students’ concept comprehension ability and geometry teaching ability; (2) the relationship between students’ conceptual understanding and geometry teaching ability is in the medium category; (3) the magnitude of the influence between the understanding of student concepts and geometry teaching ability is 46.5%. It indicates that there is another factor of 53.5% that affects the ability of pre-service teacher teaching on geometry topics in addition to student concept comprehension.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ОБРАЗЦОВ ФЭНТЕЗИ

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the process of formation of logical skills of students of pedagogical higher educational institutions on the material of works of art. The logical knowledge and skills that can be improved through pre-designed tasks with logical load are outlined. The author states that the conscious mastering logical skills helps to develop the creative thinking, to develop the argumentation of the teacher, to increase the productivity and effectiveness of the pedagogical activity during the work with the samples of the texts. Within modern conditions of the transformation our national education according to the norm of the European educational environment, we deal with the problem of the training of the future specialist which would be able to compete at high professional level. This teacher has to be mobile, creative and logical. Future specialist has to analyze the given material, to maintain the connections which appear among the phenomena, to implement logical knowledge. Logical skills give students the needed opportunity to think critically, to state the connection between thoughts and samples of the given information, to prove the truth. Also it should me mentioned the importance of the choice and implementation of the literature content which would be used for the forming of the students’ logical skills within the context of the professional training. The creation of various projects, modeling problem situations for the discussions are very useful and effective. Within such condition students have opportunities to reveal their strength, to make complicated decisions and to discuss the consequences, to strengthen their own reflexive position, to analyze the results of their activity. Favorable conditions for the formation of the culture of students' logical thinking arise in classes on literature , history, language, social science, when the teacher, sending students to certain texts, documents and facts, suggests to analyze them and ask questions, the answers to which would reveal the essence of dos leading phenomena. you can invite students to hold a "Binary Lesson", which is a continuation and development of problematic presentation of the material in the dialogue of two lecturers. It is necessary to simulate situations of discussion of theoretical and practical issues by two "specialists", who at the end of the lecture should analyze their own activities and give them an assessment. During the work on tasks with the theoretical logical content we have made the stress on the necessity to develop logical skills during the work with the fantasy fiction’s samples. Key words: logical thinking, creative thinking, own reflexive position.

Formation of Students’ Logical Thinking within the Multicultural Educational Society

The article focuses on the analysis of the aspects of training of future teachers within the modern multicultural society. The modern process of education is characterized by an interacting process of globalization. The multicultural orientation is reflected in the educational standards of teachers’ preparation. These processes cause reform of the education system for Bachelors and Masters of pedagogical specialties. A modern future teacher should be able to create a dialogue with all the participants of the society and human intercultural relationships within the educational process. The article identifies pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the formation of students’ culture of logical thinking. The solutions of the stated goal were provided by a set of methods: systemic interviewing, non-standard tasks, and interactive educational technologies, oriented on the forming of logical skills, testing, questioning, statistical method. The authors of the article offer a number of recommendations for more-effective ways of training future teachers. Special emphasize should be made on the formation of a positive motivational component which is oriented on the realization of personality’s potential abilities and gives the opportunity to form and to develop logical thinking. The article contains the strategy of forming a positive attitude and positive motivational atmosphere within the educational process, the method of non-standard educational work (case study which presents the way of formation multicultural thought, brain-storms, discussions, on-line conferences, mind-maps, etc). The methods of charting, through which students were able to discuss the term or the notion, analyzing positive and negative features, were used for the formation of a culture of logical thinking. Diagnostics of the quality level of students' logical skills by questioning to determine the level of formation of abilities to analyze, to compare, to determine the main idea, to generalize and to make correct conclusions. The strategy, oriented on the creation of a dynamic atmosphere, on the mobilization of the students’ logical thinking is proposed.

GEOMETRI DAN PERMASALAHAN DALAM PEMBELAJARANNYA (SUATU PENELITIAN META ANALISIS)

Geometry teaches us not only about how to give appreciation for something, but also how to find connections that occur between geometry material and other lecture material. In addition, geometry also trains communication through exploration, discussion, conjecture and investigation. The problems that exist in basic geometry skills in a row are problems related to logic skills, drawing skills, visual skills, verbal skills, and applied skills. Based on geometric learning using analytical presentation, the problem of using axiomatic deductive is at the top, then the problem of perception. Misconceptions about visual processes and activities, and finally problems with the use of procedures, concepts, and principles