Locus Of Control Scale Research Articles

Personal determinants of acceptance of drinking and driving among Polish drivers

<b>Background</b><br /> <br /> The aim of the study was to explore a number of personal predictors that increase one’s approval of driving under the influence (DUI). In keeping with the previous studies, we assumed this approval will more often be expressed by unmarried young men with a lower level of education, who are additionally characterized by a higher need for stimulation, risk acceptance, sensation seeking, and a preference for hedonic values.<br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> <br /> After examining more than 1000 drivers, we selected a group of 254 individuals (97 men, 157 women) who formed our study group. In our survey, these drivers admitted to driving while intoxicated in the past, but at the same time declared that small doses of alcohol did not limit their driving skills. We used a set of research tools in order to verify the assumptions. The following tools measured temperamental and personality variables: Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory, Risk Acceptance Scale, Stimulating-Instrumental Risk Inventory, Scheler Value Scale, Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, and Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale.<br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> Driving under the influence of alcohol is most often approved of by unmarried men who have a higher level of education and are characterized by low levels of sensory sensitivity, low levels of emotional reactivity, an internal locus of control, a high need for risks, high sensation-seeking tendencies, and who prefer vital and aesthetic values.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> It is well justified to examine personal predictors of various dangerous road behaviors, such as driving under the influence of intoxicating substances. These studies could aid both creating effective social prevention programs and conducting psychological screening tests.

Public Health and Social Desirability in Kazakhstan: Methodological Considerations.

Background:As the Republic of Kazakhstan undertakes new public health efforts to promote healthy lifestyles among its citizens, the local perceptions of health and health behaviors need to be examined and understood from the sociocultural and historical perspectives. The primary aim of this study is to examine the association between perception of control on one’s health and engagement in good and bad health behaviors.Methods:Students enrolled in a health communication course surveyed 310 citizens of Kazakhstan on their perceptions of control over their own health and multiple health behaviors (i.e. smoking status, physical activity, etc.). Twenty-seven students were divided into groups and approached every third passerby as a potential participant during common shopping hours in nine popular marketplaces in Astana, Kazakhstan. Perception of control on one’s health was measured using a validated measure of health control: the multidimensional health locus of control scale (MHLC), developed by Wallston and colleagues. The MHLC measures three separate loci of control: internal, chance, and powerful others.Results:Participants perceived themselves as having highest control over their health (MHLC subscale internal: 29.70±0.64), powerful others had second highest control (MHLC subscale power others: 23.72±0.77), and chance had the lowest but still some control on their health (MHLC subscale chance: 20.82±0.85). Most participants rated their current health as very good (18.1%), good (45.0%), or moderate (32.3%). Approximately 23.4% of participants were smokers, and 22.2% consumed alcohol. Physical activity averaged 3.63 days in the past week, and fruit and vegetable consumption averaged 2 servings of each per day. Tobacco and the powerful others subscale were significantly negatively correlated (r=−0.17, p<0.05).Conclusions:Participant reports regarding personal health behaviors and lifestyle did not reflect the national reports regarding lifestyle behaviors. The relationship between powerful others subscale and tobacco smoking indicate that using healthcare providers may open up avenues to lowering tobacco use through patient education; however, social desirability is a notable concern for public health interventions. More importantly, the surveys uncovered future questions for conducting public health research with the general public, including issues of trust in the healthcare system and social desirability bias. Additional factors such as distrust in healthcare and government also may play a role in the public’s participation in social scientific research. The students who conducted the surveys reported a general skepticism from the public ranging from unfamiliarity with survey research to explicit distrust in the intentions and purpose of the research itself.

Psychological Factors Related with Substance Use Among Regularly Drinking University Students with Low Income

In this study it was aimed to investigate the psychological factors related with regularly drinking university students’ substance use in a social perspective. Among 1720 students selected with convenience sampling who consumed alcohol with a frequency of at least once a month during the past year were selected as “regular drinkers” (n=586). The Sociotropy and Autonomy Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Stress Audit Scale, and the Locus of Control Scale were administrated for data collection. Then, the relationship between ever use of an illicit substance and the aforementioned psychological factors was investigated in high- and low-income groups separately. A low level of Vulnerability to Stress and scoring lower in the Sociotropy Scale were found to be significantly related with a higher risk of substance use among low-income regularly drinking students. In the context of disadvantegous socioeconomic conditions, a low level of sociotropy and a low level of motivation indicate lack of attachment to the society, thus leading to a higher risk for substance use.

Impact of Locus of Control and Job Type on the Perception of Autopsy among Medical and Nonmedical Workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

The impact of locus of control and job type on the perception of autopsy among medical and nonmedical workers in University College Hospital, Ibadan, was investigated. Ninety-two medical and 46 nonmedical workers from the hospital participated in the study. An ex post facto design was used. The Autopsy Perception Scale and Locus of Control Scale were used as instruments. The t -test result ( t [136] = −2.03; P t -test result ( t [136] = −2.29; P t -test result ( t [136] = −0.82; P > 0.05) showed that there was no significant difference between workers who had had an autopsy conducted on their deceased relatives and those who had not. The results were discussed in line with existing literature.

RELATIONSHIP OF ASSESS SELF-ESTEEM AND LOCUS OF CONTROL WITH QUALITY OF LIFE DURING TREATMENT STAGES IN PATIENTS REFERRING TO DRUG ADDICTION REHABILITATION CENTERS.

Objective:Thus, the present research was carried out aimed at determining the relationship between self-esteem and locus of control and quality of life during treatment stages in the patients referring to drug addiction rehabilitation centers of Borujen city, Iran.Methods:The current study was a sectional research of descriptive correlation type. The research sample was 150 individuals of patients referring to addiction rehabilitation centers of Borujen city. For data gathering, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale, and SF36 Quality of Life Questionnaire were used. Following collection of questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS/16 software.Results:According to the results, in the 12th day of treatment, 96 patients exhibited moderate self-esteem, 102 patients had internal locus of control, and the score of their overall quality of life was 40.43±12.71. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that a significant and positive relationship was observed between locus of control and quality of life during different treatment stages.Conclusion:It seems that quality of life improves during addiction treatment stages due to improvement of personality traits including locus of control and self-esteem. Therefore, consultation methods as a very crucial priority in addiction rehabilitation centers shall be taken into account by the health sector authorities and managers and can play an essential role in enhancing quality of life.

The Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of General Causality Orientations Scale in a university sample

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) for a Turkish sample, which can evaluate the source of the behavior and internal processes besides the preference for the perception of external pressure and coercion. Methods: Firstly, GCOS was translated in Turkish with participation of five expert judges. Resulting scale were administered to a college sample of 363 participants (239 females, 66.6%; 124 males, 33.4%). A subsample of 51 participants were retest after three weeks for test retest reliability. Results: Based on item analysis, Pearson’s correlations, and factor analysis, Turkish form of the GCOS was resulted 40 items with two of them are reversed although original form was 51 items. The internal validity of GCOS is 0.81, and correlations with the other scales (Locus of Control Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory) were between 0.10-0.39, which are low but indicating significant conceptual relations. Test-retest reliability coefficients were between 0.71-0.86. Conclusion: Sufficient reliability and validity indexes and suitability of GCOS in Turkish college sample were discussed.

The Relationship of Assertiveness and Locus of Control with Learning Styles of the Physical Education and Sports School Students

The present study have been conducted to investigate Physical Education and Sports School students’ learning style preferences in terms of assertiveness and locus of control to see relationship between and learning style. For this purpose “Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory” translated in Turkish by Askar and Akkoyunlu (1993), “Rathus Assertiveness Scale” which was developed by Rathus A.S. (1973) and “Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale” (1966) which was developed into Turkish by Dag (1990) was administrated to three hundred sixty six Erciyes University School of Physical Education and Sports students. For analysis of the data, Chi-Square test, Spearman correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used and p<0.05 level of significance was searched. According to our findings, assertiveness between learning style were found low levels, negative and significant relationship. Furthermore, the students who have seen their preferred substantially (37.7%) diverge learning style and learning by the feeling and watching.

A 9-Year Follow-Up of Women and Men Reporting Pain: Results from The Swedish National Study Of Aging And Care - Blekinge

Background and aim: Pain is common in older adults, but its relationship with ageing is unclear. The aim was to investigate pain among adults aged 72 years and older by means of a population-based sample followed for a period of nine years. Methods: The Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC) is conducted at four research centres. At SNAC-Blekinge (B), 609 (60.6%) women and 396 (39.4%) men were recruited and included from the baseline sample (n=1,005). Re-examination was carried out on 328 participants, 204 (62.2%) women and 124 (37.8%) men. Pearson Chi-Square and T-test were used to compare groups. Locus of Control (LOC) was measured using a short version of the original health LOC scale. Relief from pain was analysed by logistic regression. Results: At the follow-up investigation, 69/204 (33.8%) women reported pain. Of the women who reported pain at baseline, 82/136 (60.3%) stated that they were pain free. Fewer women reported pain with increasing age, Pearson Chi-Square 7.980, p<0.02. At the follow-up investigation, 27/124 (21.8%) men reported pain. Of the men reporting pain at baseline, 44/58 (75.9%) stated that they were pain free. Low external locus of control (eLOC) were associated with relief from pain (OR 2.18, CI 1.13-4.22), p<0.02. Mean age differences between the groups pain/no pain was found, p<0.001. Conclusions: The number of women reporting pain decreased with increasing age. Pain may contribute to premature death. Relief from pain was higher for men compared to women, and low eLOC may be a contributing factor.

Psychological predictors for health-related quality of life and disability in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Objective: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit low physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQL) and high susceptibility to disability. We investigated the influence of psychological factors on HRQL and disability in COPD individuals recruited from the general population. In line with Leventhal’s common sense model, we expected psychological factors to be associated with HRQL and disability even after controlling for medical status.Methods: Individuals with COPD (n = 502; 59.7 years old; GOLD grades were I: 3%, II: 17%, III: 34%, IV: 46%) were assessed through an online survey administered via COPD patient organisations in Germany. Individuals filled in the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), COPD Assessment Test, Patient Health Questionnaire (modules: GAD-2, PHQ-15, PHQ-9), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, a questionnaire that assesses causal illness attributions, and the internal illness-related locus of control scale of the ‘KKG questionnaire for the assessment of control beliefs about illness and health’. Multiple linear regressions were calculated.Results: The investigated factors explained high variances (disability = 56%, physical HRQL = 28%, mental HRQL = 63%, p ≤ .001). Better mental health, more optimistic illness perceptions, attribution to psychological causes, and stronger internal locus of control were associated with lower disability and better HRQL. Comorbid somatic symptoms contributed to high disability and low quality of life.Conclusion: Psychological factors, such as illness perception, attribution and internal locus of control, were associated with disability and HRQL. These factors should be considered when designing treatments for individuals with COPD, and adequate interventions should be provided to enhance illness understanding and self-management skills.

Are there differences in gender, race, and age regarding body dissatisfaction?

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine any differences that may exist among demographic variables such as gender, age, and race in regard to internalization of society and media messages leading to body dissatisfaction that may lead to disordered eating behaviors such as preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint. A total of 324 participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire for women, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-Revised-Male-Version for men, and Rotter’s Internal-External (I-E) Locus of Control Scale. The results of this study found, as predicted, that Caucasians reported higher internalization, higher body dissatisfaction, and higher preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint than African Americans. This study showed no differences regarding men’s and women’s internalization or body dissatisfaction but did reveal that women reported higher preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint than men. Regarding age, this study found that age did not predict internalization, body dissatisfaction, or preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint.

Parental perceptions of congenital cardiovascular malformations in their children.

We assessed parental attitudes towards congenital cardiovascular malformations in their children in a cross-sectional study in Egypt. Parents face many problems related to concerns about their child's prognosis, but these associations with parental stress have never been evaluated in Egypt or examined in relation to religiosity in a predominantly Muslim society. Accordingly, we conducted interviews in Cairo with mothers of 99 sequential infants born with conotruncal heart malformations (cases) and 65 mothers of age-matched controls. The survey assessed healthcare access and usage, knowledge of congenital cardiovascular malformations, religiosity, the Locus of Control Scale, and the Parenting Stress Index. Results showed that 45% of the mothers of cases had correct knowledge about their child's diagnosis; 85% were satisfied with the clinical care; and 79% reported that the cost of care was burdensome. Compared with parents of cases, parents of controls were more likely to report stress overall and all its subscales. Regarding belief about locus of control over health, God as a determining factor was given the highest endorsement. Mothers in the congenital cardiovascular malformations group reported a higher level of parental locus of control than did those in the control group. The correlations between stress and locus of control were stronger in the control than in the case group. Religiosity was related neither to stress nor to locus of control. Future studies can explore the roles that personal, familial, and societal factors play in exacerbating or reducing stress levels among parents of sick children, particularly in developing countries where economic pressures are acute.

Gender differences in locus of control and student performance in the South African context of accounting studies

Purpose – This paper aims to test the theory that predicts differences in locus of control (LOC) by gender and the relationships between LOC and the performance of accounting students in a large South African university. Design/methodology/approach – Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to test the applicability of Spector’s (1988) LOC scales as a first-order construct in this context. An exploratory factor analysis was then performed to provide a more fine-grained analysis of subordinate constructs. Three component categories were found to emerge from a test of this widely used LOC questionnaire. These component categories were classified as beliefs about the effectiveness of agency, beliefs about chance and beliefs about networks in the contribution to the attainment of outcomes in working contexts. Findings – Further tests revealed that female accounting students demonstrate higher LOC in all the three categories. Females were therefore found to have significantly higher levels of both LOC and student performance; yet, the majority of tested items were not significant in their associations, and total LOC was not found to be associated with higher performance for female or male students. Certain individual items were, however, found to be associated with performance for male students. It is concluded that despite the predictions of seminal theory that predicts convergence around gender, or more egalitarian outcomes in high-skilled contexts over time, accounting student performance in this context might currently be dominated by females. This reflects a current general dominance of females in higher educational attainment and in employment numbers in educational contexts. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the study include: first, the use of a single university; second, a sample of only first-year accounting students. It is not known whether these findings generalise beyond accounting students with similar university environments. This research is also not causal in nature. The statistical testing used in this study cannot indicate causality. Originality/value – It is recommended that further research investigate the more fine-grained dimensions of LOC that can contribute to accounting student performance and that further qualitative or causal research is performed to “surface” the causal mechanisms that underlie these findings. The value of this research is in the fact that it tests theory that predicts differences in LOC and the relationships between LOC and performance in an important formative context of accounting.

Type of Education, Locus of Control and Optimistic – Pessimistic Attitude among Undergraduate College Students

The type of education and locus of control are significant variables in forming optimistic-pessimistic attitude among students. The main aim of the present study, therefore, was to study the effect of type of education and locus of control on optimistic- pessimistic attitude of undergraduate college students. The other objectives were to find out whether arts-commerce and science students differ in their locus of control as well as to examine the relationship between locus of control and optimistic-pessimistic attitude. An incidental (quota) sample of 160 students from different colleges in Islampur and Sangli city was selected for this study, in which 80 students were from arts-commerce faculty and 80 students were from science faculty. Each group comprised 40 male and 40 female students. The age range of students was from 18 to 20 years (M= 18.6 and SD= 0.7yrs). Optimistic-Pessimistic Attitude Scale developed by Parashar (1998) and Locus of Control Scale (LOC Scale) prepared by Singh and Bhardwaj (2010) were used for collecting the information. The data were analyzed by testing the significance of mean difference and calculating coefficient of correlation. The results reveal that, arts-commerce and science students differ significantly on optimistic-pessimistic attitude and locus of control. Science students were more optimistic than arts-commerce students. Also students with internal locus of control were more optimistic than students with external locus of control. Moreover, science students have internal locus of control than arts-commerce students. Furthermore, internal locus of control was positively and significantly correlated with optimistic attitude.

A Study on Locus of Control among College Students of Gulbarga City

The current study focuses on locus of control and the difference in it among different demographic variables such as gender (male and female), course of study (science and arts) and locality (urban and rural) among college students. It is a promising area of inquiry. The age of college students is the age of developing their personality and is a critical context for studying personality. The study was conducted on 171 college student of Gulbarga city who were selected by a random sampling method (lottery method). The questionnaire consisted of personal data sheet, and Rotter’s locus of control scale. Descriptive Statistics and non-parametric statistics as Mann-Witney test (U) were used to analyze the data. The results could not find significant difference on locus of control among males &amp; females, science &amp; arts and urban &amp; rural college students.

The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control in Couples Applied for Divorce Compared with That of Non-divorcing Couples

The present research studied the relationship between attachment styles and emotional intelligence and locus of control in divorcing couples in comparison with that of non-divorcing couples. Statistic population of the research consisted of the all couples applied for divorce (who referred to the family court and filed for divorce, as well as the all couples who were not divorcing in Qazvin City. It was an Ex post facto study (correlation, causal). Convenient sampling method was employed for sampling. Since total statistic population of the study was not clear, 100 divorcing couples and 100 nondivorcing couples were selected as research sample. Attachment Inventory Hazen Shaver, Bar-On Emotional Intelligence-Inventory and Rotter's Locus of Control Scale were used as measuring instruments. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, standard deviation, mean) and inferential statistics (correlation tests, regression analysis and twosample t-test). The results showed that secure attachment style and ambivalent attachment style had a significant relationship with locus of control and emotional intelligence at the significance level of below 0.05. In non-divorcing couples, secure attachment style and ambivalent attachment style had a significant relationship with locus of control –internal control and external control. In couples wanting divorce, there was a significant relationship between ambivalent attachment style and locus of control, internal control and external control. There was, also, a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and locus of control at the significance level of below 0.05. There was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and locus of control (internal control and external control) in couples applied for divorce at the significance level of 0.01 and 0.05. Nevertheless, in non-divorcing couples, there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and locus of control and internal control. Divorcing couples and non-divorcing couples were not significantly different on locus of control.

Health locus of control and cardiovascular risk factors in veterans with type 2 diabetes.

Perceptions of control impact outcomes in veterans with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between control orientation and clinical and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in male veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Cross-sectional study of 283 male veterans from a primary care clinic in the southeastern US. Health locus of control (LOC) was the main predictor and assessed using the Multidimensional Health LOC Scale. Clinical outcomes were glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health component scores for QOL were assessed using the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations between LOC and outcomes. Unadjusted analyses showed internal LOC associated with HbA1c (β = 0.036; 95% CI 0.001, 0.071), external LOC:powerful others inversely associated with LDL-C (β = -0.794; 95% CI -1.483, -0.104), and external LOC:chance inversely associated with MCS QOL (β = -0.418; 95% CI -0.859, -0.173). These associations remained significant when adjusting for relevant covariates. Adjusted analyses also demonstrated a significant relationship between external LOC:chance and PCS QOL (β = 0.308; 95% CI 0.002, 0.614). In this sample of male veterans with T2DM, internal LOC was significantly associated with glycemic control, and external was significantly associated with QOL and LDL-C, when adjusting for relevant covariates. Assessments of control orientation should be performed to understand the perceptions of patients, thus better equipping physicians with information to maximize care opportunities for veterans with T2DM.

Feeling powerless: Locus of control as a potential target for supportive care interventions to increase quality of life and decrease anxiety in ovarian cancer patients

PurposeTo evaluate if an individual's locus of control (LOC) predicts various quality of life (QOL) and mental well-being measures. To identify targets that might enhance the overall spiritual well-being and QOL of ovarian cancer patients. MethodsMulti-site analysis of women with newly diagnosed stages II–IV ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer. Patients completed the following surveys: Locus of Control Scale (LOC), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Ovarian (FACT-O), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual (FACIT-Sp), Edmonton Symptom Assessment score (ESAS), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Herth Hope Index (HHI).Regression models were created to examine the effect of LOC upon QOL, symptoms, and other measures of mental well-being. These models adjusted for the effect of site of care, race, and partnership status as potential confounders. ResultsThis study enrolled 104 patients from three separate treatment facilities. After adjusting for site, race and partnership status, higher levels of external LOC predicted decreased QOL (FACT-O) (p<0.05). Higher levels of external LOC also correlated with increased death anxiety and general anxiety (p≤0.05). Additionally, higher levels of external LOC predicted decreased hope (HHI) (p≤0.01). DiscussionOvarian cancer patients with a high external LOC may be at risk for decreased QOL at the time of their cancer diagnosis. They may also experience higher levels of anxiety and decreased feelings of hope. Identification of these women and interventions designed to increase a woman's sense of control over her situation may improve QOL and overall mental well-being.

Development of the Children's Sport Locus of Control Scale

We developed the Children's Sport Locus of Control Scale (CSLCS) based on Rotter's (1954) social learning theory. Participants were 750 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students. We developed the scale through a series of analyses, including item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, simultaneous multigroup covariance analysis, and criterion-related validity analysis. The CSLCS comprises 12 items, of which 6 items measure ability and responsibility in the internal control dimension, and 6 items measure environment and chance in the external control dimension. The results of the analyses confirmed that this scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement invariance, and that it also satisfies all fit measures. The 6 measures of internal locus of control in the CSLCS are suited for measuring children's sport locus of control, and the measurement results will not differ across gender. Finally, we offer suggestions to future researchers.

Destekleyici Örgüt Kültürü İle Örgütsel Psikolojik Sermaye Etkileşimi: Kontrol Odağının Aracılık Rolü

Bu çalışmanın amacı örgütlerin rekabet avantajını elde etmesi ve sürdürmesinde önemli bir kaynak olan psikolojik sermayeye etki eden destekleyici örgüt kültürü ve kontrol odağının doğrudan ve dolaylı etkilerinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Araştırma anket yöntemiyle, büyük ölçekli bir firmanın 211 çalışanından, Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği, Destekleyici Örgüt Kültürü Ölçeği ve Kontrol Odağı Ölçeği ile toplanan verilerin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılarak analiziyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin açıklanmasında; ortamsal bir faktör olan destekleyici örgüt kültürü ile kişisel bir faktör olan kontrol odağının doğrudan etkilerinin yanında, özellikle destekleyici örgüt kültürü ile psikolojik sermaye ilişkisine kontrol odağının aracılık ettiği dolaylı etkilerin de olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular yazında elde edilen sonuçlarla birlikte tartışılmış ve gelecekteki çalışmalara öneriler sunulmuştur

Professional/Career Orientation, Awareness, And Their Relationship To Locus Of Control

This study aimed at exploring the differences in professional/career orientation and awareness while considering a number of variables including locus of control, academic specialization and school backwardness. Several measures were used to achieve the study’s goals. The first two, a professional/career orientation measure and a professional/career awareness measure, were designed by the researcher, whereas the third measure was Rotter's locus of control scale. Prior to the study, the stability and validity of these tools were verified on 166 female student participants chosen from Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU). The results indicated the presence of differences with respect to the electronic orientation of female students according to Rotter's external locus of control measure. The study also confirmed that there were differences in the professional awareness variable in favor of female students who exhibited an external locus of control, whereas no differences were noted in the professional awareness of female students with different professional orientations. The findings also showed differences in scientific and electronic orientations among students with different specializations, in favor of the female students enrolled in the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, whereas no differences were noted in professional/career awareness for the academic specialization variable. No differences were noted in the professional orientations and awareness among female students who demonstrated school backwardness and those who did not. The results were interpreted in light of the theoretical frameworks and cultural contexts of the sample. The results of the study were also linked to previous results.