Local Conflicts Research Articles

Historical Significance of the VI Plenum of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the Cpsu on the Process of Restoration of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR

One of the most important stages in the development of the Chechen and Ingush peoples was the criminal deportation of 1944 and the long-awaited return to their homeland in 1957. We are separated from February 1944 and January 1957 by 79 and 66 years, respectively, by historical standards a short period of time, but it included events of a global scale: the Cold War, the change of leaders of the country Stalin - Khrushchev - Brezhnev - Andropov - Chernenko - Gorbachev , the collapse of the USSR, the war in Afghanistan, many other local military conflicts and two “Chechen” wars, space flights and the emergence of new means of communication, computerization.

To be or not to be is not a matter of compromise

To be or not to be is not a matter of compromise

Sineu Pinkout! Promoción turística, conflicto político y renovación festiva en la Mallorca rural

In this article, we propose to analyse the role of tourism promotion in the social and political con‑ flict in the rural municipality of Sineu (Mallorca) between 2013 and 2014 with respect to the celebration of the festivities in honour of their patron saint. In this sense, we emphasize that the emergent festival of La Mucada proposed by young left‑wingers has meant a ritual and performative practice of de‑essentialization of the tourist “otherness” as defended by the right‑wing authorities. At the same time, the inclusive nature of the new festivity and local identity has facilitated tourist participation and integration into the process of political change. This shows that tourism plays a central role in local political conflicts, beyond strict dia‑ metrically opposed stances of for or against, and can be an element of symbolic power to be conquered by various different social and political actors.

Theoretical and Empirical Explanations on the Continued Relevance of Local Conflict Resolution Institutions Among the Afar Community of Ethiopia

Various scholars, to make sense of either the decline or viability of local institutions of conflict resolution, have put various explanations forward. In this article, I shall discuss the relevance and limits of existing analytical frameworks and explore new explanatory possibilities. Most studies view local institution’s vitality in reference to the relative weakness of state institutions. By the same token, their continuity is considered to be transient, implying that as soon as the state becomes strong it incorporates local institutions with which the viability of the latter is doomed to diminish. Henceforth, This article has explored the issue of the vitality of local institutions of conflict resolutions among the Afar from two perspectives. The first one is internal explanation for the continued relevance of local institutions. The second is external explanations with a special reference to state institutions and their mode of incorporation into the Afar cultural world. DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/81-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Resolution of local conflicts involving armed Islamists: the Syrian civil war, 2011–2021

In the 2010s, violent Islamist actors have become increasingly involved in intrastate armed conflicts, but little is known about how these conflicts can be resolved. Previous studies have found that negotiations are less likely to be successful in resolving armed conflicts that involve violent Islamists. Ceasefires are another tool of conflict resolution related to negotiation that may be reached before, during, or after the negotiation process. This article investigates the conditions for reaching ceasefire agreements with Islamist armed groups in Syria by expanding the author’s earlier dataset, codifying the data, and using logistic regression analysis to test three main hypotheses. From 2011 to 2021, 141 local ceasefire agreements were reached in 190 distinct locations during the Syrian сivil war, comprising about half of the agreements reached with Islamist armed actors. The finding is that such actors were more receptive to a ceasefire if the drafting of agreements prioritized (a) humanitarian considerations above tactical ones and (b) gradual implementation as opposed to immediate. Long-lasting sieges, fighting exhaustion, and the associated public pressure on combatants may further explain why humanitarian incentives are motivating for agreements. The gradual pace of implementation might be attributed to efforts made to create confidence. In contrast, as anticipated by earlier studies, the involvement of third parties does not significantly explain a relationship to achieve a ceasefire with these armed actors.

Aiding or Abetting? A Micro-Evaluation of Foreign Aid and the Relapse of Fatal and Non-Fatal Local Conflict

Aiding or Abetting? A Micro-Evaluation of Foreign Aid and the Relapse of Fatal and Non-Fatal Local Conflict

Особенности оказания специализированной хирургической помощи при огнестрельных ранениях шеи с повреждением полых органов (гортани, трахеи, глотки, пищевода)

The objective of this work is to share our experience in providing specialized surgical care to patients coming from stages of medical evacuation with wounds of hollow neck organs. A special military operation (SMO) takes place in an environment different from previous local wars. The nature of military operations and the saturation of the enemy's armed forces with new types of weapons gave a significantly higher number of wounded than previous local conflicts. The predominance of mine-explosive shrapnel wounds, different time intervals from injury to getting to the stage of specialized medical care for wounded with already existing purulent complications of gunshot wounds are the features of the SMO. Wounded with injuries of the hollow organs of the neck, entering the MMCH named after N.N. Burdenko from 3 to 6 days after injury, with already developed purulent complications, require comprehensive intensive therapy and participation in the treatment of specialists of various surgical specialties. An integrated approach with the compliance with the regulations of military-field surgery using new methods of diagnostics and treatment of wounds can improve the effectiveness of therapy and reduce the number of lethal outcomes. This article discusses diagnostic and treatment algorithms for different variants of neck wounds. The experience of the described cases of successful treatment of wounded with injuries of the hollow organs of the neck shows the possibilities of MMCH named after N.N. Burdenko in treatment using various methods, and can be useful to doctors of both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

British-American cooperation in the North Atlantic

This study is devoted to the study of cooperation between the United Kingdom and the United States in the North Atlantic region. This work is relevant due to the escalation of existing contradictions in Europe and the countries adjacent to the basin of the Atlantic Ocean North, as well as the current conflict in Ukraine. The article talks about the increasing importance of control over the above-mentioned water area for London and Washington in the light of global trends and the difficulties associated with this. The problems affecting the control of the waters of the Atlantic Ocean North can be divided into internal and external. Domestic policy issues of the United States and the United Kingdom related to this issue include the economic and industrial crisis, issues of the decision-making system, the need to reform the political and military structure. External complications include the existing contradictions in several closed seas, incomplete local conflicts and the growing power of the powers called the challenge.

Assessment of Water Distribution for the Effectiveness of Water Allocation Modeling

This research intends to conduct the assessment of water distributing performance for supporting the performance index assessment of water allocation modeling. The main aim is intending to solve the conflict of water interest, so there is necessary to be carried out the water allocation so water user society will get the water regarding to their right fairly, efficiently, and sustainably. Along with the increasing of population number and the social and economy conditions of society, there will all be increasing water demand for various uses. However, the quality tends to decrease because it has potency to increase the local conflict becoming a conflict between the regency and city that is unwanted. The water preparation and allocation are activities in operating the water resource infrastructure, whose aim is to optimize the usage of water resource infrastructure. This research was conducted in the watersheds of Manjuto, Slagan, Dikit, Teraman, Muar, Padang Guci, Bangkenang, Manna, Kelam, Nasal, and Luas. The methodology consists of collecting data on each watershed that are water availability and water demand; then, water balance and distribution (allocation) are analyzed. The result of water allocation analysis shows the water availability due to the dependable discharge as the reference such as Q 80 or discharge with the probability of 80%; still several watersheds experience the water deficit in fulfilling the irrigation water requirement, household-city-industry (RKI), plantation, fishery, husbandry, and river flow maintenance needs. A new research is needed for the index assessment of water allocation in the watersheds that experience the water deficit to obtain the plan value of water demand fulfilling allocation in the water deficit condition, whether non-critical, lightly critical, moderately critical, and heavily critical. Keywords : water availability, water demand, water balance, water allocation. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.3.7

СТРАНЫ ЮЖНОГО ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА ПОСЛЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ ПАНДЕМИИ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИК

The article describes the specifics of the urgent problems of the recovery of the economies of the countries of the South Pacific region after the global coronavirus pandemic. On the basis of the sources, the specifics of the individual and general problems of the developing States of Oceania are reflected. On the basis of authoritative sources of the latest period of time, a forecast is given of the prospects for the recovery of subregions in the conditions of a specific geostrategic conjuncture of the world economy, waves of the global economic crisis, issues of assistance from external players to developing countries of the South Pacific region, both from Australia and New Zealand-developed countries of the region, and with the participation of the USA, China, Russia, France and England.. The peculiarities of regional local conflicts that determine the problems for economic recovery in the shortest possible time are taken into account: the Bougainville referendum of 2019 and the consequences of the war of the same name in Papua New Guinea 1988-1997. An explanation is given why the Governments of Australia and New Zealand cannot solve the full range of problems facing the developing States of Oceania. An objective volume of factors has been formed that will allow each state of the South Pacific region to recover within the framework of existing incomplete solutions. The reason why an independent center of the multipolar world has not been formed in Oceania, both on the basis of developed and among developing countries and, or their associations. The specifics of the issues of assistance by developed countries are shown, which rather harms than helps the poor states of Oceania, as proved by the crisis during the influence of COVID-19 in the region. A sub-regional division of developing states has been made, which allows the reader to visually determine on the basis of materials and text which regional parts of the area are being discussed and how they are related to each other. A pessimistic forecast is given regarding the rapid recovery of the national economies of the poor countries of the South Pacific region to the pre-crisis level of 2019. The analysis of the source base confidently indicates that Oceania needs inflows of new volume and quality of foreign investments that would allow a new innovative industrial and financial center to develop on the basis of the region, not only on the basis of the Australian Union and New Zealand, but also in developing countries, including the experience of the Singapore prosperity model. Conclusions are drawn on the speed and foreseeable prospects for the recovery of the economies of the South Pacific region with the key open question of the lack of an independent line of foreign policy of all Oceania countries, regardless of the level of development of each particular state. The Vedomosti thesis allows us to define the South Pacific region as an object of the interests of the great powers with a foreseeable perspective redistribution of spheres of influence in this regional space, taking into account all the above-described material.

Value and structure of isolated limb injuries in modern local conflicts

Value and structure of isolated limb injuries in modern local conflicts

A Governance Structure Based on an Opinion Analysis of Local Stakeholders of Saemangeum Floating Photovoltaic Power Plants Project: Using Text Mining for Each Subject

Background and objective: As the use of renewable energy is expanding worldwide, conflicts are emerging in local communities due to environmental damage and competition for land use with existing industries, including agriculture and fishery. Accordingly, while many studies are trying to find alternatives to address such conflicts, studies on governance to implement these alternatives are insufficient. This study attempted to find options for the contentious field of renewable energy using text mining for each subject, and to suggest a direction for building governance to apply this in practice.Methods: Text mining for each subject was conducted targeting the Saemangeum floating photovoltaic power plants (FPVs) project, a large-scale renewable energy project in Korea.Results: As a result of the analysis, three clusters (stakeholder groups) were identified. First, local public officials complied with the government plan, as well as environmental activists from relatively remote areas. Second, local environmental activists and fishermen insisted on ecological conservation. Third, members of the public-private council (PPC) were concerned about industrial transformation. All groups shared a common perception that it was a renewable energy project that benefited the local ecological environment and people.Conclusion: Based on this, local public officials will play a role in cooperating and arranging improvements in renewable energy projects, fishermen and local environmentalists will play a role in developing ecological environment-based renewable energy plans, and the PPC will play a role in seeking a direction for coexistence with the fishery and revitalizing the region. It was also possible to set the direction of governance to implement a project effectively. As such, establishing governance that is tailored to the area where a renewable energy zone is developed can be a starting point for managing local conflicts and operating a project efficiently.

Contamination detection — new calls

The overview article deals with the current issue of contamination detection. Unfortunately,the threat of the possibility of using weapons of mass destruction in a local conflict caused byRussia cannot be excluded. In addition, analysing contemporary threats, it is necessary to take intoaccount the possibility of activity of terrorists using improvised explosive devices with acetone andurotropin peroxides. The country’s contamination reconnaissance (detection) system is technicallyand procedurally outdated compared to NATO solutions. Point detectors and patrols operating in thearea of contamination domi-nate, while in NATO armies remote systems, e.g., using lidar techniques,unmanned means, etc., are used. Poland has all the elements to establish this type of contaminationreconnaissance system.Keywords: chemical sciences, improvised explosive devices, detection and monitoring of contamination.

Between Physical and Virtual Territories

The article presents the initial steps of a research-creation project that has been developed within the scope of the Federal University of Espírito Santo in Brazil and whose main objective is to give visibility to socio-environmental conflicts in the metropolitan region of Grande Vitória, the capital of Espírito Santo, from the development of interactive and immersive audiovisual works. At first, field research was carried out in a specific territory of the capital – the Jesus de Nazareth neighborhood – in order to identify some of these local conflicts and the community's ways of acting in an attempt to solve the problems. The problem proposed by the ongoing research can be summarized as follows: using research-creation as a methodology and work process, how to develop interactive, immersive and collaborative multimedia works that make it possible to increase the visibility of socio-environmental conflicts existing in a given territory – in this case, the metropolitan region of Greater Vitória – and, in parallel, promote scientific dissemination and the popularization of science? The research has a multidisciplinary character and brings together the following fields of study: i) research-creation and digital humanities; ii) new communication technologies, immersive (augmented/virtual reality) and interactive media; iii) socio-environmental conflicts in the metropolitan region of Greater Vitória (ES) and their impacts on the population; and iv) scientific dissemination. In addition to the objectives and expected results – to increase the visibility of socio-environmental conflicts and social injustices, research data on these issues and disseminate possible solutions –the research is also justified by the possibilities of learning and experimenting with technological resources on the part of professors and students at a public university in Brazil. The article brings data about the main conflicts already mapped in the Greater Vitória region, information about the visited community and theoretical notes on the concept of socio-environmental conflict, understood broadly but which includes the articulation between the environment and social relations. The text also presents the principles of creation as research and its use as a methodological process. The current stage of the study consists of collecting and selecting data from scientific research banks and reviewing the literature.

The Role of Dispute Resolution Council in Dispute Resolution: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Jirga is an ancient institution of conflict settlement in Pakhtun civilization. Its effectiveness declined throughout the course of time, which led to the widespread skepticism among the general populace over their ability to depend on it. This study explores all of the elements that contributed to the unacknowledged and questionable status of the Jirga institution, which in turn created space for the development of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Data gathered from primary and secondary sources in order to conduct an analysis of the alternative dispute resolution system that is currently functional in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Because of the character and environment of the people who live in this area, it was impossible for them to maintain a traditionalist viewpoint towards the aspects of culture and traditional institutions that make up the Jirga political system. A modified version of the traditional Jirga was introduced in KP in 2012 under the name "Dispute Resolution Councils" (DCRs). This was done in an effort to close the gap that existed in the original framework. Since then, DRC has been operational in a number of districts of KP, and residents' perceptions of its effectiveness in settling local conflicts at the doorstep of the parties involved have been generally favorable.

Blast Injuries (Lecture)

The lecture discusses some aspects of anesthetic and intesive care for patients with blast injuries based on the experience of local conflicts and ma n-m ade disasters of recent decades generalized by national and foreign experts. Such casualties are difficult to treat due to potential significant anatomical damage and development of severe functional disorders. Understanding the role of damaging factors facilitates the choice of diagnostic and therapeutic tactics.

Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database.

Mass gatherings are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and are considered soft targets with potential to inflict high numbers of casualties. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks targeted at concerts and festivals reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period. The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against concerts and festivals that occurred world-wide from 1970 through 2019. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, attacker type, and number of casualties or hostages. Ambiguous incidents were excluded if there was doubt about whether they were exclusively acts of terrorism. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate trends over time and differences in attack types. In total, 146 terrorist attacks were identified. In addition to musical concerts, festivals included religious, cultural, community, and food festivals. With 53 incidents, South Asia was the most heavily hit region of the world, followed by the Middle East & North Africa with 25 attacks. Bombings and explosions were the most common attack types. The attacks targeted attendees, pilgrims, politicians, or police/military members who secured the concerts and festivals. This analysis of the GTD, which identified terrorist attacks aimed at concerts and festivals over a 50-year period, demonstrates that the threat is significant, and not only in world regions where terrorism is more prevalent or local conflicts are going on. The findings of this study may help to create or enhance contingency plans.

Война и кризис глобального псевдолиберального цивилизационного проекта

Introduction. War in the nuclear age regardless on the options of limited or local nuclear military conflict represents the apogee of the global crisis of humanity. Theoretical analysis. The purpose of the article is to identify the signs and prerequisites of the crisis of the global liberal civilizational project. The novelty of the research is manifested in the author's argumentation of the relationship of the philosophy of the war of western rationalism with pseudo-liberal modeling of modern civilizational dynamics. In the process of problem research the principle of historicism, socio-cultural approach and methods of critical philosophical reflection are used. The author proves that the key feature of the pseudo-liberal metamorphosis is the orientation of the political strategy of the ruling circles of the United States to achieve the status of a "hegemon country". This practically means abandoning the democratic principle in constructing a polycentric model of the world order. Conclusion. The prerequisite for such a conceptual revolution is the discrepancy between the liberal idea of freedom and the democratic demands of equality, which gave rise to contradictions in the concept of "freedom in inequality". The consequence of this divergence of liberalism and democracy is characterized by the transition from dialogue to war as the priority way of solving political problems. The article consistently highlights the theoretical and moral prerequisites for the transformation of a civilizational project into a pseudo-liberal one.

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

The effectiveness of high-tone therapy in the complex rehabilitation of servicemen with post-traumatic stress disorder complicated by traumatic brain injury.

As a result of local military conflicts that have become more frequent over the past decades, the number of military personnel subjected to combat stress has sharply increased. More than 50% of them suffer from combat posttraumatic stress disorder. The most common comorbidity in this category of patients is a traumatic brain injury. Due to the undesirability of the long-term use of pharmacological agents, for rehabilitation, preference should be given to physiotherapeutic procedures. We examined 50 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in combination with a closed craniocerebral injury. Group 1-25 patients received standard complex treatment at the sanatoriumresort rehabilitation stage (diet therapy, climatotherapy, balneotherapy, exercise therapy, psychotherapy). Group 2-25 patients, in addition to the standard complex treatment, received a course of high-tone therapy. Complex rehabilitation of patients with the use of high-tone therapy contributes to a significant decrease in astheno-neurotic (p < 0.05) and asthenic depressive (p < 0.01) syndromes and has a psycho-relaxing effect on anxiety syndrome (p < 0.01). There was also a decrease in the severity of pyramidal symptoms and regression of the vestibulo-atactic syndrome (p < 0.05). The course application of hightone therapy was accompanied by a significant restoration of the elastotonic properties of the vascular wall and an improvement in cerebral perfusion (p < 0.05). Positive dynamics of electrophysiological indicators were noted: a decrease in the intensity of slow rhythms against the background of an increase in the frequency and intensity of the alpha rhythm in both hemispheres (p < 0.05), which indicates the harmonization of the bioelectrical activity of the brain.