Life Of Local Communities Research Articles

Managing Urban Districts Attached to Heritage Sites Case Study: The Pyramids Heritage District

Urban development is considered one of the most sustainable development pillars. It focuses on enhancing the quality of life for local communities. When new urban districts are attached to heritage districts, the communities of the new districts make greater impact on the heritage districts. This is where it gets complicated, since a strict balance is needed to apply urban development while conserving the heritage districts themselves. Many heritage sites have a great problem, which is urban interference with the heritage zones at site borders. This is what happened in The Pyramids heritage district, which was affected by The Pyramids Gardens neighborhood and Kafr El Gabal, Kafr Ghataty and Nazlet El Seman areas. This resulted into urban pressure on the infra-structure, causing negative impact on the heritage site. This is the main research problem, while the research objective is to make an assessment to manage urban districts, which are attached to heritage districts. The proposed management approach can balance between development and conservation, by following the approach of analytic study.

Mitigasi Konflik di Lingkar Tambang: Studi Tentang Kontribusi Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial (CSR) PT. Vale Indonesia di Sorowako

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has played strategic roles in mining industries in Indonesia over the last two decades. CSR contributes not only to improve basic physical infrastructures of local communities such as roads, bridges, health-center, schools and libraries but also to accommodate the needs of indigenous people in preserving and promoting their local art and culture. Some companies have been advancing their CSR roles to actively participate in mitigating the potential of trans-community conflict in their operation areas – a daunting task but worth executing -- to ensure a sustained both social and government license to operate. The paper is aimed at unraveling CSR contribution of PT Vale Indonesia in transforming multicultural communities in its operation and what roles the company played in mitigating social conflict on the ground. The study finds out that company CSR management, which has adopted transparent, accountable and participatory methodologies have effectively improved the quality of life of local communities. The study also reveals that applying participatory methodologies in CSR management is not only enhance community participation in project-based, but also increase their awareness in mitigating social conflict in multicultural communities.

Climate Change-Induced Conflicts in Pakistan: From National to Individual Level

Climate change leading to migration and conflicts is observed in many parts of the world and it is becoming a potential future in Pakistan. Climate change refugees in Pakistan undergo victimization, in situ mitigation, or migration, all three of which have consequences. Direct and indirect security threats posed by climate change can cause great economic losses to Pakistan. Arguably, there is growing evidence of a relationship between climate change and conflicts in Pakistan. Resource depletion and overpopulation result in rural-to-urban migration along with occupational shifts. This unprecedented study explores whether there is a significant relationship between climate change and conflicts in Pakistan. It assesses the given association from national to individual level. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to determine the relationship of climate change and conflict. The science of climate change and conflicts is mostly qualitative. The assessment based on surveying, visits, interviews, literature review, multidisciplinary assessment, and examination of the sites. Furthermore, the relationship or association was quantified based on some of the results. Statistical analysis was performed on the results of the study. Relationship between climate change, socioeconomics, and conflicts has been explored. Surveys and interviews significantly supported that the frequency of the disasters such as droughts, heatwaves, floods, and diseases has increased in the study area and significantly affects the lives of local communities. It was also highlighted that the majority of conflicts in the region are due to overpopulation, economic competition, acquisition of land and resources, and migration. It was found that some associations are statistically significant, while others are not. However, site examination and ground realities suggested that there is a high risk and potential for climate change-induced conflicts in the study area. Data presented in the study indicate that Pakistan has the highest risk value for conflicts and human exposure to these risks. There is a significant causal relationship between climate change, migration, and conflicts. Over population together with resource depletion serves as catalyzing factors for climate change migration and dispute. Data on the subject for Pakistan are absent or lacking. However, it can be significantly established that climate change-induced migration and the conflicts are reality in Pakistan, with potential to induct further economic losses in the future.

Improving the Practice of Landscape Design Collaboration between University and Local Community: Case study in Matsudo, Japan

This paper is based on the two years community-based participatory action research (CBPAR), focusing on Cross-Cultural Design Collaboration (CCDC) landscape design studio, held in Iwase Neighborhood Association area, Matsudo, Japan. We first briefly introduce the problems of Japanese local community and introduce the priorities of collaboration between university and community in Japan. Then, we introduce the Design and Build program, which was incorporated into the Chiba University CCDC studio in 2014. The authors suggest “Students live in the Neighborhood Association” model as an effective way to facilitate the collaborative programs between university and local community. We critically reflect on the process of CCDC landscape design studio held in Iwase, Matsudo city in 2017-2018. Based on that, we provide the recommendations for the implementation of interdisciplinary practical programs in Universities, so they can contribute to the quality of life of local communities utilizing the suggested model.Keywords: community, landscape design, interdisciplinary research, community-based participatory action researcheISBN 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE- Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., U.K. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1491

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: Reflections from the Field

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) was established in 1986 and since then various environmental projects have been introduced in the region, across the three southern states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Local tribal communities have been protesting against these projects, both for its vision and politics that disregard their traditional association with forests. The article substantiates on both these protestations. There have been significant shifts in the governance of forest areas following the establishment of the NBR. Environmental projects have initiated host of actors and interest groups who, along with state departments, play a critical role in the management of forest resources. The focus would be on enunciating the ensuing politics and its implications on the lives of local tribal communities.

Playing the Festival Queen in Appalachia: Exploring the Influences of Local Culture on Classroom Play

ABSTRACTThis case study using ethnographic methods addresses how teachers shape cultural processes related to girlhoods, and the roles of children’s play in this dynamic. Poststructuralist theory of the carnival was used to analyze gendered, classed power dynamics within two rural Appalachian preschool classrooms influenced by a popular local festival. The findings indicate that the “feminist” approach to cultivating “good” girls for the community—those who could go to college to gain the capital to support men if needed (and thus the turbulent extractive industries)—did not always have “feminist” effects of equalizing gender roles. It masked a status quo that supported the domination by men and young boys over women and girls, including the classroom teachers and girls in this study. In addition, it supported the myth of the meritocracy and the role(s) of extractive economies in its construction, a narrative that continually excluded the working class from middle-class girls’ play spaces. The research suggested that place-based education and teachers’ understanding of classed, raced, and gendered tensions related to local community life are important ways of thinking about carnival in the classroom that may support possibilities for shifting power dynamics in play relations.

Strengthening Community Empowerment as a Tool for Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case of Tangkoko Nature Reserve in Indonesia

One of the main principles a community empowerment in sustainable development is that the primary benefits should be returned to the local community and become an integral part of the development activity. However, Tangkoko as a centre for natural tourism development in North Sulawesi, Indonesia has tended to concentrate on tourism development without adequately considering livelihoods of local communities. This study is aimed to examine to what extend The model of community empowerment can be applied into the practice of community empowerment development in Tangkoko Nature Reserve. The study will contribute to the formulation of government policy in formulating and establishing the R- Urban conservation efforts, especially in the utilization of local natural resources by using the principles of sustainable development in Tangkoko Nature Reserve. In addition, the results of the study will be able to promote the use of community-based empowerment and participation through the use high-value natural surrounding environment. This study involves desktop research and fieldwork comprising questionnaire surveys and on-site observations to provide evidences of community-based empowerment in Tangkoko Natural Reserve. This study develops a model of sustainable tourism development through creative community empowerment that will ensure the outcomes from tourism will be returned to strengthen the local economy as well the quality of life of local communities.

A Natural Forest of Commercial Timber Species: Logging or Not Logging

Most tropical forests outside protected areas have been or will be selectively logged because the timber industry is a main income-generating resource for many developing countries. Therefore, understanding the composition of commercial timber species and logging types is key for sustainable forest management in countries like Vietnam as they move toward fulfilling Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) agreements. Seven 1-ha plots were surveyed in the Central Highland of Vietnam, and 18 commercial tree species from these plots, whose timber is widely used by local people for housing and furniture making and timber is easily sold at local markets for high prices, were analyzed. In total, 151 tree species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of ≥ 10 cm were recorded. The 18 commercially valuable species assessed in this study accounted for 33.2% of all stems (total of 524 stems ha−1 for all species), 47.1% of basal area (total of 34.35 m2 ha−1 for all species), and 50.8% of aboveground biomass/AGB (total of 262.68 Mg ha−1 for all species). Practicing diameter-limit harvesting of all commercially valuable species with DBH of ≥ 40 cm, which is widely performed in Vietnam, will reduce the number of stems by 7%, basal area by 31.6%, and AGB by 38.2%. Because such harvesting practices cause severe ecological impacts on the remaining forest, logged forests may require > 40 years to recover the structure status of a pre-logged forest. In addition, the recovery of the 18 commercially valuable species may require a much longer time because they comprised 33.2% of stems. Permission for logging natural forests should be given in Vietnam to sustain lives of local communities, where logging has been prohibited. However, alternative harvesting systems, such as reduced-impact logging systems, should be considered. The systems selected must simultaneously generate economic returns for local people and respect the REDD+ agreements with regard to protecting biodiversity and reducing carbon emissions.

The abundance and spatial distribution of plankton communities in Perancak Estuary, Bali

Perancak estuary is a productive ecosystem and has important role in the balance of nature and the life of local communities. However, research about water quality and organisms in Perancak estuary is still low, especially on plankton abundance and distribution. The aim of this research was to analyze the abundance and spatial distribution of plankton communities. The research was conducted by field surveys in November 2015, samples were taken from 3 stations representing upstream (S1), stream (S2) and downstream (S3). Plankton sampling was carried out by filtering water samples as much as 100 liters of plankton net with mesh size 25μm, diameter 31 cm, and length 80 cm. Filtered samples were stored in the sample bottle and the preserved with 1 ml of 4% formaldehyde. The result showed, an abundance of phytoplankton ranged between 33,600 – 3,002,400 cell/m3 and zooplankton between 6,000-57,000 ind/m3. Total of 6 genera of phytoplankton and 14 genera of zooplankton was recorded during the research period. The ecological index showed that species diversity of plankton in Perancak estuary was categorized as low diversity. Plankton abundance in S1 which located in Loloan River is higher than others. Its caused by anthropogenic waste from agriculture, households and industrial waste.

Peran Pemerintah, Modal Sosial, dan Kinerja Usaha Terhadap Kesejahteraan Subjektif Pelaku Industri Tenun di Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali

Weaving industry is one of the creative industries based on local wisdom of Bali, need to be developed with the concept of modern entrepreneurship (orange economy). Regional economic development strategies need to take into account the dynamics of local community life or social capital in addition to the role of government and other physical capital, in order to improve the performance of weaving industry in Jembrana regency, Bali. Based on empirical theory and facts, this study aims to analyze how the direct and indirect influence of the role of government, social capital and business performance on and subjective wellbeing on the business actors of weaving industry in Jembrana, Bali. Through the modeling of the resulting structural equations is studied: (1) the direct influence of the government's role on business performance and subjective well-being; (2) the direct influence of social capital on business performance and subjective wellbeing; (3) the direct impact of business performance on subjective well-being; (4) the indirect and total influence of the government's role on subordinate welfare mediated by business performance; and (5) the indirect and total social capital influences on subjective well-being mediated by business performance. Based on surveys and structured interviews on 70 business actors of weaving industry in Jembrana District, Bali through data analysis techniques using SEM-PLS with the help of Smart PLS 3.0 software, in the business actors weaving industry found that: (1) directly the role of government have positive and significant (2) direct social capital has a positive and significant effect on business performance, but not significant to subjective wellbeing, (3) directly the business performance have a positive and significant effect on subjective wellbeing, (4) the role of the government indirectly has a positive but insignificant effect on subjective wellbeing, but through full mediation of business performance, the role of the government has a positive and significant effect on subjective wellbeing, and (5) social capital indirectly has a positive and significant effect on the subjective achievement, so totally through the full mediation of business performance, social capital has a positive and significant impact on subjective wellbeing although it directly does not have a significant effect.

Impact of Socio-Economics Tourism to Local Communities (Study on Fishing Tour of Delta Fishing Sidoarjo)

Sidoarjo delta fishing becomes one of family destination that has consequences and impact on socio-economics of local tourism area. The purpose of this research is to identify the impacts or effects of fishing activities on the socio-economic life of local communities. This research method uses descriptive research type through qualitative approach. The results showed that the social impact of tourism activities on the local community, among others, the type of community work has more variation, development and improvement in the education level of local communities, as well as increasing the role and awareness of the community in maintaining the fishing tourist area of delta fishing Sidoarjo. Meanwhile, the economic impact of tourism activities include changes in the level of community income is quite significant on job opportunities and entrepreneurial communities.

THE RIDDLES OF HISTORIC URBAN QUARTERS INSCRIPTION ON THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST

The inscription of historic urban quarters on the World Heritage List can be considered as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, UNESCO's Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention has been introduced as the most effective international instrument for the conservation and sustainable development of cultural heritage. On the other hand, many researchers have been discussing the many problems faced by the World Heritage Sites. This descriptive-analytic study aims to examine the effects of the inscription of historic urban quarters on the World Heritage List on the conservation and sustainable development of these sites. The research population consisted of 36 university professors, experts of cultural heritage and UNESCO experts. The measurement tool was a questionnaire with 34 questions that examined the factors affecting inscription on the World Heritage List by four indicators, including conservation, facilities, cultural sustainability and economic sustainability, in the form of a SWOT model using the Delphi method. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed protection of the cultural heritage against unnatural hazards as the most important positive point; the threat to the local community life due to tourist crowds as the most important disadvantage; increased investment in the historical context as the best opportunity; and a weak recognition of the tastes of foreign tourists as the most important threat. Also, in prioritization of the indicators, indicators of conservation and cultural sustainability were more effective than others.

Barszcz Sosnowskiego (Heracleum Sosnowskyi Manden) zagrożeniem dla ekosystemu

The present article discusses the risks of hasty political and economic decisions under which introduced a new, alien plant species to the local ekosystem. On the example of Borscht Sosnowski (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden), the author shows the scale of danger resulting from low general social knowledge about this invasive species and also about legal loopholes contributing to the lack of a comprehensive fight against this type of plants which are a threat to the life and health of local communities.

DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN PARIWISATA TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT SANUR

This study aims to identify the impact of tourism development on the social and economic conditions of the coastal community of Sanur, Bali.Based on the objectives of this research, several theories, concepts and literature studies referred to in the concept of tourism, the principles of tourism development, and the concept of tourism impacts. Meanwhile, the research method used was descriptive analysis of the social and economic conditions of Sanur Beach community. Direct observation and interviews of village leaders and Sanur coastal communities were conducted to be able to assess directly the existing conditions. From the results of observations and interviews, the data were processed and displayed in the form of narration and tables. By answering problem formulation from this research, the obtained data or information could be classified into positive and negative impact to social life and economics of local community, and contribute strategy to minimize negative impact of tourism to society social and economy in Sanur Beach.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA ALTERNATIF DI DESA PELAGA KECAMATAN PETANG KABUPATEN BADUNG

Based on the Regulation of Regent of Badung Number: 47 Year 2010 concerning Determination of Destinations in Badung Tourism Village, Badung Regency has eleven regional tourist village. One of them developed a decent tourist village is Pelaga Village located at Petang District. It is substantially developed as a community based Tourism destination. Issues raised in this research are: (1) The possibilities for what that support Pelaga Village to be developed as a tourist attraction; (2) How Pelaga village community support of village development plans such as a tourist attraction; and (3) How Pelaga Village Development Strategy as a tourist attraction.The purpose of this research are: (1) To determine the potential Pelaga Village as a tourist attraction; (2) To know the local community support at Pelaga Village of village development plans as a Tourist Attraction; (3) To know the Village Development Strategy as an alternative tourism.The data used in this research is qualitative and quantitative data which a purposive sample taken. The data has been collected and analyzed by descriptive qualitative and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate, that Pelaga Village tourist attractive destination has a decent variety of tourism potential to be developed and has met four (4) an important component in the tourism industry which is known as the four A's: Attraction (tourist attractions), Accessibility (access to reach the tourist areas) , Amenity (facilities and tourism services), and ancillary (institutional and human resources supporting tourism). In addition, the local communities are involved directly in providing of tourism support facilities and in developing Pelaga Village. In the future Pelaga Village can be developed by implementing some strategies such as strategic SWOT ; SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies. The results of this study are expected can give some positive contributions in planning, developing strategies for Pelaga Village in the future time, one day it will give a good impact on the development and economic growth and social and cultural life of local communities.

Kajian Daya Dukung (Carrying Capacity) Lingkungan Perairan Pantai Pasir Putih Situbondo bagi Pengembangan Usaha Karamba Jaring Apung

Sustainable sea cultivation has efficient features in resource use, productive and non-destructive environments. Under the Code of Conduct of Responsible Fisheries governing sustainable aquaculture development, it emphasizes the importance of a preliminary evaluation of the impact of aquaculture on genetic diversity, the integrity of the ecosystem, and the life of local communities (Sudrajat, 2008). This study was conducted with the main purpose of obtaining accurate information about the carrying capacity of the aquatic environment used for the development of floating net karamba business in the Pasir Putih Beach area of Situbondo Regency.Based on the results of research that has been done in Karamba Floating Net Pasir Putih Coastal Situbondo, it can be concluded that (1) The water quality in the aquatic environment in KJA area of Pasir Putih Beach Situbondo is still in accordance with the sea water quality standard of KepMen LH No. 51 of 2004 and considered feasible for the development of aquaculture activities in Karamba Floating Net. Keywords : Carrying Capacity, Karamba Floating Net

Ocena jakości życia w gminach regionu świętokrzyskiego

Jakość życia jest pojęciem o charakterze wielowymiarowym, co przekłada się na trudności w pomiarze tej kategorii ekonomicznej. Mimo to jest przedmiotem zainteresowań wielu dyscyplin naukowych. Celem artykułu jest ocena porównawcza przestrzennego zróżnicowania jakości życia mieszkańców w wybranych gminach miejsko-wiejskich i wiejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego w latach 2010 i 2015. Ocena została przeprowadzona z uwzględnieniem pięciu obszarów badawczych W ramach wyróżnionych składowych wyselekcjonowano zbiór dwudziestu dwóch zmiennych diagnostycznych. Do pomiaru poziomu jakości życia zastosowano taksonomiczną metodę Z. Hellwiga, która pozwoliła uporządkować gminy ze względu na poziom jakości życia społeczności lokalnych. Uzupełnienie wyników badań stanowi aglomeracyjna metoda grupowania Warda, która umożliwiła wyodrębnienie podobnych do siebie jednostek. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła zidentyfikować grupy gmin o najwyższym, wysokim, niskim i najniższym poziomie jakości życia.

Децентралізація та місцеве самоврядування у гендерному вимірі: вітчизняний досвід та міжнародні стандарти.

The problems of the theory and practice of ensuring the principles of non-discrimination on the basis of and equality in local self-government are considered. In modern international political and sociological discourse, the notion of local self-government, decentralization and the functioning of territorial communities are often considered in connection with the concept of gender. Attention is focused on the fact that gender means not just adding a female component to projects and programs. It is, first of all, an analysis and consideration of the various conditions and requirements for women and men, the roles they play in society as a whole, and in the territorial communities and processes of decentralization of public authority, in particular. After all, the idea of the value of a human person, his rights and freedoms at the local level – within the limits of local self-government and processes of institutionalization of the municipal authority – is most clearly shown and is tested. Recognition and formation in Ukraine of local self-government, deep economic and political transformations in society and the formation of a new democratic state on this basis are directly related to the development and practical implementation of fundamentally new approaches to human rights and freedoms for us, to resolve both national and regional, as well as local problems in this area. The main international standards are analyzed, as well as acts of national legislation proclaiming these principles.Among the key challenges and opportunities for equality in Ukraine: promoting mainstreaming in local self-government and strengthening the role of territorial communities in this area, introducing a gender perspective in policy at the local level to ensure access to state and municipal policies for all citizens who have an impact on the daily life of women and men, the elimination of stereotypes in the territorial communities and the promotion of equality and local-regional dimension functioning of society, the development and implementation of strategies for equality and mainstreaming in various aspects of life of local communities and of local government and so on. One of the most gender-sensitive issues characteristic of modern Ukraine is their limited access of women to the authorities in general and the municipal authorities, in particular.It proves that local self-government is one of the most gender-sensitive forms of democracy.

Analysis of conditions and the concept of multidirectional revitalization of the dolomite quarry in Siewierz

The development of mining of rock raw materials in Poland has significantly contributed to economic growth and the quality of life of local communities. However, mining activity, besides a number of positive effects, also implies broadly understood changes in the environment and the formation of brownfields. Reclamation and redevelopment of post-industrial areas, and especially post-mining areas, is currently a huge environmental and socio-economic challenge. Revitalization of post-mining areas is particularly important for small towns and municipalities, where mining was one of the main pillars of development and prosperity. An example of such a municipality is Siewierz in Silesian Voivodship. In the paper analysis the conditions have been conducted and the concept of revitalization of dolomite quarry Górnicze Zakłady Dolomitowe S.A. has been proposed. The AHP method has been used to analyse and select the optimal method of revitalization. As a result of the analysis, the concept of multidirectional revitalization with socially, economically and environmentally beneficial functions has been created, maximizing the potential of the quarry.

Keberlanjutan Kampung Lama Berbasis Potensi Kearifan Lokal di Kota Semarang

The old kampung is an embryo of urban development which has historical and cultural values, as well as the identity. However, the old kampung is threatened physically and noThe old kampung was an embryo for urban development which has historical and cultural values, as well as the identity. However, the old kampung was threatened physically and non-physically due to urban development. The article aimed to showed the strategies to achieve kampung sustainability through the potential of local wisdom. A qualitative research method conducted with qualitative descriptive analysis technique by taking Kampung Bustaman, Semarang as the study location. The analysis showed that Kampung Bustaman has local wisdom in the form of economic activities that has been manifested in the community daily lifes and potentially became the major capital to achieve kampung sustainability. The strategies involved the stakeholder roles, such as local communities, government and other parties through the kampung events. The tourism was able to encouraged communities participation and strengthen the economic as well as the social life of local communities. Local communities participation and local organizations commitment to preserving local wisdom also play an important role for achieving the kampung sustainability.nphysically due to urban development. The article aims to show the strategy to achieve kampung sustainability through the potential of local wisdom. The study was conducted by using qualitative research method with qualitative descriptive analysis technique by taking the study area in Kampung Bustaman, Semarang City. The analysis shows that Kampung Bustaman has local wisdom in the form of economic activity that has been manifested in the daily life of the community and potentially as the capital to achieve kampung sustainability. The strategy to achieve kampung sustainability involves the role of stakeholders, such as local communities, government and other parties through the kampung events. The tourism is able to encourage the communities participation and strengthen the economic and social life of local community. Local community participation and local organizations' commitment to preserving local wisdom also play an important role in achieving kampung sustainability.