Local Budgets Research Articles

EXPENDITURES OF LOCAL BUDGETS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF LOCAL BUDGETS IN WARTIME CONDITIONS

Introduction. In the first year of the war, despite the growing need for spending, local budgets were completed with a surplus. It is important to investigate the reasons for the surplus of local budgets in wartime conditions. The purpose of the article is to analyze local budget expenditures in the context of ensuring the financial stability of local budgets in wartime conditions. Methods. In the process of carrying out scientific research, a systematic methodical approach was used in combination with the methods of statistical research Results. The article assesses the financial sustainability of local budgets by expenditures. The trend of unbalanced local budgets in the first year of the war revealed. The regional peculiarities of changes in the financial stability of local budgets have been clarified. Conclusions. It is substantiated that the increase in the surplus of local budgets in the first year of the war was achieved, on the one hand, due to the growth of budget revenues, including personal income tax on the financial support of military personnel, and on the other hand, the underfunding of local budget expenditures occurred due to the reduction of expenditures of special funds. The strengthening of the gap between the execution of budgets in front-line and other types of regions will obviously grow, which needs to be taken into account when developing the mechanisms of state regional policy.

The research of the transport infrastructure development in Ternopil

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the state of transport infrastructure of the city of Ternopil in order to further develop a plan for sustainable urban mobility for territorial community of Ternopil city. To satisfy the existing needs of passengers in high-quality transport service, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of buses with large and medium passenger capacities. However, according to the principles of sustainable urban mobility, exploitation of the new “green” electric vehicles should be the priority for the modern transport policy of the community. Currently, the most problematic situation with insufficient parking spaces can be observed in the central part of Ternopil. In particular, the city is experiencing such situation due to the growing level of motorization of residents of Ternopil territorial community and, accordingly, the growing demand for the use of individual transport. To solve the current problem, various sources of financing, such as the city budget, the state budget, investments, loans, funds of individuals and legal entities are attracted. Despite this, the implementation of measures still largely depends on the local budget. Analysis of the allocation and development of fundings showed that there has been a prolonged underfinancing of works related to the transport infrastructure of Ternopil. An analysis of the actual indicators of the development of financial resources that have been allocated from the local budget to improve the state of SN for 2020 showed that they did not reach the planned values by 36.4%. Also, in 2020, according to the local budget, it was planned to finance the Program for the development of bicycle infrastructure of the city. The amount of financing was meant to be 2000.0 thousand UAH. However, in fact, no investments were actually made.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of financial support for regional development in Ukraine. The importance of financial support for the development of the region is emphasized. It is noted that the formation of an effective system of financial support for regions plays a key role in creating the prerequisites for their socio-economic development, improving the level of satisfaction of citizens' interests, providing high-quality public services to the population, and coordinating the interests of the state and territorial communities. A model of financial support for regional development has been developed, which reflects the results of solving the tasks of the region's development at different levels (national, regional, local). The dynamics of revenues of the general fund of the State and local budgets of Ukraine (without transfers) in 2018-2023 were analyzed. The structure of local budget revenues by types of revenues was studied. It was established that tax revenues and official transfers took the main share in it, while non-tax revenues accounted for less than 6%. It was established that thanks to the rapid adaptation of enterprises, as well as state and local self-government bodies to the requirements of martial law, in 2023, the increase in revenues of the general fund of local budgets was ensured compared to 2022. It was noted that there was an excess of revenues to local budgets in Ukraine over their expenditures in 2023. The main directions of expenditures of local budgets and the State Budget of Ukraine have been analyzed. The need to optimize financial support for the development of the regions, to improve the management of their functioning in general, and to find optimal ways of attracting investment resources to the regions was emphasized. It was noted that this will be facilitated by the formation of a favorable investment climate in Ukraine and its regions; overcoming corruption phenomena; implementation of constant monitoring of the influence of factors that activate or restrain the process of financial support; formation of an effective legislative and regulatory framework that will allow improving the actual filling of local budgets; use of modern financial instruments, etc.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИЛ ОБОРОНИ НА МІСЦЕВОМУ РІВНІ: БЮДЖЕТНО-ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТ

The success of the end of military operations in Ukraine depends on a reliable internal front, namely, support for the defense forces at all levels of government. The article analyses the budgetary and legal instruments for supporting the Armed Forces of Ukraine. According to the current legislation, the main source of support is the State Budget of Ukraine and financial support from partner countries. The current state of financing of the defense forces units of Cherkasy region is analyzed. It is found that the existing approach to providing these units does not meet the urgent needs: their maintenance is carried out at their own expense, with the help of volunteer organizations and domestic business. It is determined that an additional source of stable provision of such units may be free funds of local budgets and revenues from the personal income tax (military personnel), which have significantly increased the revenues of local self-government budgets. The author substantiates the ways of resolving the issues of inconsistency in the current legislation, in particular, the Laws of Ukraine "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine" and "On the Fundamentals of National Resistance".

РОЛЬ НДФЛ КАК ИСТОЧНИКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДОХОДОВ РЕГИОНОВ

Redistribution of income from personal income tax is the main problem of the regions. As you know, personal income tax is transferred to those regions where individuals receive income. But most individuals go to work in large cities and regions, and small regions lose their income. The role of personal income tax is significant, since thanks to this tax, cash flows into regional and local budgets, regulates the level of income of the population, as well as the structure of own consumption and savings. Also, the role of personal income tax can be characterized as follows: ensuring constant cash revenues to the budget; distribution of national income among all segments of the population, in which it is possible to achieve social stability of society and the implementation of the constitutional rights of citizens.

Новітні цифрові фінансові інструменти: сутність і перспективи використання при відбудові постраждалих територіальних громад України

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence and determine the prospects for attracting additional revenues to local budgets in the context of the development of creative industries and the use of the latest digital financial instruments for the reconstruction of the affected territorial communities of Ukraine in the post-war period. The article identifies the main creative forces of digital transformation of the economy, discloses the institutional essence of digital financial instruments, assesses the sources and preferential mechanisms for attracting financial resources for the reconstruction of the affected territorial communities in the post-war period, substantiates the role of local governments in the development of creative economy industries using the latest digital financial instruments. Based on the analysis of the impact of changes in the institutional structure of the space-time of the banking metaverse on the possibilities of financial support for the affected territorial communities, it is proved that the transformation of the metaverse is taking place from the quantitative growth of entertainment and distracting gaming technologies to qualitatively new creative socioeconomic dimensions, which are considered as a virtual integrated system associated with real life. It is proved that due to the combination of the properties of digital and financial instruments, the formation of the latest digital financial instruments takes place, which combine the characteristics of the previous ones, while being more effective in terms of the possibilities of their use, accessibility to the general public and profitability in the long run. Some forecast scenarios for the growth of the metaverse economy for the period up to 2032 have been developed. An estimate of the proportion and volume of the metaverse in the digital economy and global GDP for each of the scenarios is provided. It is emphasized that in modern conditions, the development of creative industries using the latest digital financial instruments is the most investment-attractive segment of investing assets in the medium and long term. Proposals on the need to apply stimulating norms of the current legislation to encourage representatives of local and foreign creative businesses to implement the latest digital solutions at the regional level in order to provide territorial communities with unique instant services for managing online funds of local budgets in hybrid space-time are substantiated. Prospect for further research in this direction is to update the normative framework for AI regulation in order to achieve a synergistic effect of innovation and singularity at the stage of reconstruction of the affected territorial communities of Ukraine in the post-war period.

ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ФІНАНСОВИЙ АУДИТ: РЕАЛІЇ, ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА НАПРЯМИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ

The effective operation of the state, as well as its successful development, depends on the availability of budgetary funds, their proper distribution and use. That is why the problematic aspects of auditing in the field of public finance are of great importance. The state financial audit helps to assess the reliability of financial statements of state institutions and enterprises, which ensures transparency of their financial activities to the public and international partners. The audit helps to identify shortcomings in financial management and reveal opportunities for reducing costs and optimizing budget resources. Based on a thorough analysis of the national legislative and regulatory framework, the article presents the key differences between an independent audit and a state financial audit according to the following comparison criteria: concept; subjects; legal regulation; grounds for conducting; organizational and managerial support; financing; and documentation of the audit results. Particular attention is paid to the objects of the state financial audit, such as the implementation of budget programs, local budgets, activities of business entities, investment projects, use of information technology, state (regional) target programs. The article analyzes statistical reports on state financial audits conducted by the State Audit Service of Ukraine for 2018–2023. In particular, it was found that since 2019 the number of state financial audits conducted annually decreased, and in 2023 their number increased. At the same time, the share of components of the state financial audits conducted is approximately the same, except for state financial audits of investment projects, which were conducted only once in 2019 and twice in 2020. Based on the results of the state financial audits conducted in 2018–2023, the losses of financial and material resources caused by inefficient management actions or risky operations were compensated and prevented, and financial violations that caused losses of financial and material resources were eliminated. It is found that every year (except for 2021) both the amount of compensation and the amount of elimination of losses of financial and material resources, as well as the amount of eliminated financial violations, are increasing. The authors provide directions for improving the implementation of the state financial audit in Ukraine, which is an important tool for ensuring the stability and sustainable development of the Ukrainian economy, promotes confidence in public institutions, attracting investment and efficient use of budget funds.

Taxes on real estate- an effective economic management tool in many countries worldwide and lessons for Vietnam

The state budget is a crucial political task for governments, with taxes being a significant source of revenue. In developed nations, property taxes constitute the primary source in total tax revenue and local budgets. Vietnam currently does not levy property taxes on real estate but only imposes taxes on agricultural land use and non-agricultural land use based on very low predetermined land values. Introducing property taxes not only generates a substantial and sustainable source of revenue for the budget but also helps curb speculation in land and real estate, promoting transparency in asset ownership. Due to a lack of comprehensive and standardized legal, technical, and economic statistics, and the rapidly changing market prices for land and real estate, formulating property tax laws in Vietnam has been challenging. Despite significant differences in conditions compared to other countries, property taxes are deemed essential in the near future. Researching theoretical foundations and the experiences of other nations in real estate tax laws, especially those undergoing economic transitions like Vietnam, is crucial. It is known that this tax has been under thorough examination to gradually develop, enact, and implement it in line with practical needs and, most importantly, to garner public and societal consensus.

Проблемы и перспективы налоговой политики в целях устойчивого развития регионов

The subjects of the research are the policy of the federal center in relation to the regions and its impact on ensuring sustainable development and economic growth in Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of regional tax policy, in the development and justification of measures that contribute to solving existing problems in ensuring sustainable economic development. The essence of two terminologically similar concepts is analyzed: "regional tax policy" and "regional tax policy" – and it is proved that they have a fundamentally meaningful difference. The substantiations are given, indicating that the current regional tax policy does not fully contribute to increasing economic activity, strengthening the responsibility of regional and municipal authorities, ensuring the sustainable development of the relevant territories and generates dependency. It has been established that the achievement of sustainable development of the territory can be ensured on condition of increasing the level of independence of regional and local budgets and increasing the share of their own, and primarily tax, revenues. It is proved that a shift in emphasis is required from financial assistance to regions and municipalities towards increasing the share of their own tax revenues, as well as decentralizing the tax powers of government authorities by giving regions and municipalities their rights to tax administration and management of elements of federal taxes received by the relevant budgets. Conclusions are drawn that further improvement of regional tax policy should be carried out by practical solutions to the problem of increasing the budgetary independence of regional and local authorities, increasing the efficiency of their activities, responsibility and interest in the sustainable development of the economy of the territories and accelerating the pace of development of the Russian economy as a whole.

STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES OF CULTURAL POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COURSE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The purpose of the research deals with proving the need for the formation of strategic foundations of cultural policy in Ukraine for the conditions of military aggression and the post-war period, taking into account the requirements of the state course of European integration. The current state of the cultural sphere in Ukrainian society is demonstrated to be characterised by at least the following factors: the destruction of a large number of infrastructure facilities of cultural institutions due to military operations, a significant reduction in the financing of culture from state and local budgets and the requirement to learn European practices in the implementation of cultural policy as a result of Ukraine's acquisition of the status of an EU member. Given these circumstances, the political class and the administrative establishment of Ukraine are faced with the task of creating a renewed cultural policy that would be able to overcome the losses and traumas of the war period, ensure cultural development in the post-war period, aimed at forming a stable identity of Ukrainians. Hence, the task arises through the means of culture of forming the European component of Ukrainian identity, since the condition for the success of the course of European integration is the need to master the values on which the European community is built. It is established that an updated strategy plan for cultural development is required to address these issues. The necessity of modernization of the legislative base of cultural policy is shown, in particular, the approval of decentralization of the functioning of government bodies, strengthening support for culture from the state and municipal budgets, creating a legislative base for public-private partnership in the cultural sphere, strengthening the information component of the cultural process.

Challenges and financial opportunities of the development of territorial communities in the conditions of war

The article analyzes the main trends in the financial capacity of development of territorial communities under the influence of the war with Russia. The dynamics of own revenues of local budgets of territorial communities across the regions of Ukraine were analyzed, taking into account the inflation index, the rate of growth of personal income tax from the financial support of military personnel, local taxes, and interbudgetary transfers. New, war-induced, financial challenges to the development of territorial communities are highlighted, namely: unforeseeable and numerous changes in the legal field, which required LGUs to constantly monitor them and change current plans; strengthening of the asymmetry of the development of territorial communities and the dependence of the level of financial capacity of the territorial community on the presence of a registered military unit on its territory; a decrease in the revenue part of local budgets due to a decrease in the amount of local taxes, the largest fee for land, a single tax, etc.; organizational problems of local tax collection that arose during the war; a decrease in capital investments due to government-imposed restrictions on special fund expenditures, a decrease in transfers from the state budget to local budgets, in particular, the amount of educational subventions and the need to increase expenditures on general secondary education from the own revenues of local budgets of territorial communities, and others. At the same time, in the conditions of the war, the communities had new opportunities for local development, in particular, the budgets of the territorial communities were replenished at a faster rate due to income tax on the income of individuals (PIT) from the financial support of military personnel. The «big bonus» of the most financially capable communities was the reverse subsidy, which for the most part remained at the disposal of local self-government bodies, which in turn increased the asymmetry of the financial capacity of the development of territorial communities and developed undesirable effects of procrastination.

Проблемні аспекти та вдосконалення майнового оподаткування в Україні

The aim of the article is to study the problematic aspects of property tax administration and identify approaches to its improvement. It is found that property tax revenues in Ukraine are at a low level relative to GDP, their share in GDP does not exceed 1%, while the level of this ratio in the EU Member States is on average 2.2%. During the period under analysis, there is a tendency to a slow reduction in the share in GDP of both local taxes and fees, as well as property tax, which makes local budgets dependent on transfers from the State budget and the shares of national taxes and fees assigned to them. There is a steady tendency to reduce the share of property tax in the tax revenues of local budgets of Ukraine in recent years, which is associated with the full-scale war in Ukraine and the tax benefits for the payment of property taxes adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. It is determined that the largest share in the structure of property taxes falls on land payments, while the share of transport tax is very low due to the limited list of objects that are liable to taxation. The main problems of property tax regulation in Ukraine have been allocated as follows: insufficient level of effectiveness in the administration of real estate tax, imperfect process of determining the property tax base, unreasoned establishment of property tax benefits, centralized administration of property taxes. Different approaches to tax administration and foreign experience on this issue are analyzed. The expediency of transferring the powers to administer property taxes to local self-government bodies in order to strengthen the financial capacity of communities and reduce public expenditures is substantiated. It is defined that local self-government bodies represent the most interested subject in the formation of a self-sufficient system of local finances, and tax service bodies have insufficient resources and have low motivation to administer property taxes. The problems for local authorities in case of obtaining powers to administer property tax are outlined. A new model of property tax administration has been proposed, in which local self-government bodies exercise the entire set of powers to administer property taxes. Directions for improving the property tax administration system in Ukraine are also proposed.

БЮДЖЕТ РАЗВИТИЯ – ОСНОВА РОСТА СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ИРАФСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ-АЛАНИЯ

The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of local budgets as one of the main components of the formation of a development budget using the example of the local budget of a municipal entity (hereinafter referred to as MO) of the Irafsky district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (hereinafter referred to as RNO-Alania). The development budget is a state financial system that is based on attracting external and internal resources to finance investment programs, as well as a permanent economic system based on the systematic replenishment of credit resources. The object of the study is the local budgets of North Ossetia-Alania. The subject of the study is the revenue and expenditure parts of the local budget of the Iraf district. The purpose of this article is all possible ways to find the main ways and methods of increasing the revenue base of local budgets, in order to form a development budget at the local level on this basis. Achieving this goal was carried out through the use of general scientific methods: qualitative, quantitative, comparative and statistical methods, as well as abstract logical and systems analysis. The result of the study was the formation of a development budget, both at the local and municipal levels. After all, it is this budget that determines the size and pace of development of the production capacities of organizations and enterprises, the scale and efficiency of research and development work. The theoretical and practical significance of the obtained result of the scientific article is that the development budget allows us to identify all problem areas of the economy and determine the necessary reforms in it, also helps to attract investments into the budget and create the necessary favorable environment for investors, which improves the socio-economic situation local authorities as a whole. The research materials were federal and legislative acts that are directly related to the subject of the study. The problem of the development budget is a very important aspect of productive work, which is increasingly attracting the attention of the professional community and, of course, public authorities of the Russian Federation at all its levels.

Методологічні основи розробки податкової політики країни

The article is devoted to the problems of determining the methodological bases for the development of the country’s tax policy. The institutional powers of the main regulators of tax policy are defined. These regulators, when interacting, must comply with the criteria of Nash equilibrium in order to ensure sustainable socioeconomic development. The principles of formation and implementation of tax policy are characterized, in particular, fiscal sufficiency, social justice, efficiency, effectiveness, stability, adaptability and neutrality in relation to the level of competitiveness of the payer. A two-stage algorithm for determining the efficiency and effectiveness of tax policy has been proposed. The specifics of planning and forecasting activities in the system of tax regulation of socioeconomic development are disclosed, the need for permanent improvement of the methodology of medium-term planning of tax revenues and introduction of scenario modeling is substantiated. The need to assess the financial solvency of taxpayers in order to build realistic forecasts and plans is emphasized. The reasons for the occurrence of transaction costs associated with the administration of taxes are disclosed, a methodical approach to their distribution into ex ante and ex post expenses is substantiated. The features of the formation of tax policy under the conditions of further implementation of the reform of fiscal decentralization and taking into account Samuelson’s «randomness theorem» are determined. The need to find optimal parameters for the distribution of revenues from the payment of national taxes between the State and local budgets is emphasized. The role of the information component in the environment of development and implementation of tax policy is defined. The basic characteristics of the architecture of effective tax administration are determined. Promising directions of digitalization of tax administration have been identified, taking into account the peculiarities of the architectonics of fiscal space.

IDENTIFYING BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO TAX CHANGE OF LABOR INCOME IN UKRAINE

Introduction. The National Revenue Strategy states that one of the directions for the further development of the national taxation system is the restoration of the progressive rates’ scale of personal income tax. Such a proposal looks appropriate and corresponds to the trends in the development of the labor market, the system of income generation in the national economy, and the demands of society. At the same time, the opportunistic reaction of taxpayers to the introduction of additional (increased) tax rates may lead to further evasion of labor income from taxation and, accordingly, an increase in tax risks of the state budget. Purpose of the article is to identificate of the behavioral response effect of the economic agents to tax change of labor income in Ukraine. Results. Changes in the taxation of labor income in 2015-2017 are characterized by the dynamics of such analytical indicators as the average effective tax rate and the tax wedge. The nominal growth of the wage fund in 2016 and 2017 is due to the following changes in taxation: an increase in the tax base and an increase in the average effective tax rate. In the short and medium term, reducing the tax burden did not have the expected positive effect, as predicted by the logic of Laffer's model. There is a significant increase in the share of wages at the average level, from 53.5% in 2012 to 63.8% in 2020. The share of labor income in the intervals from the lowest to the average earnings as of 2020 was more than 80%. The presence of an alternative system of income taxation with a significantly lower level of tax burden than the general system creates additional risks of effective implementation of personal income tax with a progressive scale of rates. Conclusions. The system of formation and distribution of labor income has undergone significant changes. The extremes of the income distribution (lowest and highest) were in relative gain compared to others. the introduction of a progressive scale of taxation rates exclusively for labor income in Ukraine does not have sufficient fiscal potential. In the case of a suboptimal political decision, with insufficient institutional capacity of control bodies and the presence of an alternative system of income taxation, there is a high probability of a significant increase in tax risks for state and local budgets.

Роль місцевих бюджетів у відновленні регіонального розвитку

Local budgets have become of particular importance for the development of the regions of Ukraine in the context of the functioning of a decentralized system of government management. During this period, both the mechanisms for regulating the economic development of the regions and the powers of local self-government bodies (LSGB) have changed. Especially during the period of full-scale russian military aggression, local self-government bodies took on the role of the financial and social basis of communities and regions. Actively supporting residents and military personnel affected by the attacks of russian aggression, local self-government bodies organize shelter for internally displaced persons, provide employment, and support for relocated businesses. Among the regional development priorities specified in the State strategy for regional development remain: economic growth, competitiveness, building up jobs, improving employment conditions, and financial recovery of regions. Therefore, topical issues in the languages of martial law are the use of a complex of anti-crisis instruments that are adaptive in nature to restore regional development. The purpose of the study is to systematize the theoretical and methodological foundations of local budget planning and to disclose their role in recovering regional development using practical financial instruments under martial law. To date, the use of modern anti-crisis financial instruments will allow local governments to create conditions for: restoring the economic situation in regions and communities; increasing employment in communities by creating new jobs; opening new or modernizing existing and relocated business; support for entrepreneurship programs in the communities of the region.

Wages in the system of economic relations of sustainable development: separate issues

The article analyzes individual issues of wages in Ukraine in conditions of sustainable development and war. The low level of wages does not contribute to development and social transformations. The average salary level in the country is much lower compared to European countries. This reduces the purchasing power of the population and the general standard of living of individual citizens. At the same time, a significant part of the economy functions in the shadow, that is, without official accounting. Workers who receive an «envelope» salary do not have social guarantees and protections, such as pensions and paid holidays. There are significant disparities in the level of wages between different regions and industries, salaries in large cities are significantly higher than in rural areas and IT specialists – than other workers. Employers often do not index wages in accordance with the level of inflation, which leads to a decrease in the real purchasing power of employees. The tax burden on wages is very high, which reduces the net income of workers and can encourage shadow payments. Low productivity is often the reason for low wages. Business cannot pay high wages due to lack of innovation and low production efficiency. The high level of labor migration during martial law, especially of youth, blue-collar workers and skilled workers, to other countries where wages are higher creates a labor shortage in Ukraine and affects the labor market. Corrupt practices in the system of financial distribution and an ineffective management system can lead to an unequal distribution of budget resources, and therefore opportunities for workers to receive decent wages. These problems require a comprehensive approach to the solution, including economic reforms and changes in the legal framework for the remuneration of individual employees and motivations for this business. Based on the review of the literature and the regulatory field of regulation of the best practices of payment of labor in Ukraine, it was determined that the reduction of the tax burden on wages contributes to its legalization, and therefore to the filling of local and state budgets. The advantages of remuneration in the special legal regime of Diya.City, which was designed to support, stimulate and practical development and improvement of the IT industry in Ukraine, were studied. It provides significant tax, certain labor and other preferences and benefits. They stimulate the growth of the technological IT environment, attracting investments and increasing innovation.

КРАФТОВІ НАПОЇ ЯК СЕРВІСНА ІННОВАЦІЯ В ГОТЕЛЬНОМУ ТА ТУРИСТИЧНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ

The current state, significance and prospects for the development of the hotel and restaurant business and tourism in Ukraine and the world are analyzed. The concept of craft products and drinks as a component of tourism, prerequisites for the emergence of craft productions, advantages and prospects for their development are considered. The advantages of the development of craft beverages as a service innovation in tourism have been studied. Characteristics of wines, gastronomic tours and wine regions of Ukraine are given. The relationship between craft drinks and the hospitality and tourism industry is shown. Measures to support craft production in different regions of Ukraine were considered. The essence of gastrotourism is substantiated and the objects to be visited are determined. It was determined that there is a high potential for the development of wine tourism in Ukraine, and the most popular craft wineries of Ukraine are listed. It has been established that Ukraine has great potential for the development of craft production, which is an integral part of tourism. Craft production definitely contributes to the entrepreneurial activity of the local population, and as part of the cultural heritage of the region, it fulfills the function of tourism development. The development of tourism is closely related to the formation of high-quality, exclusive products that are similar to the region and will form a regional brand. The impossibility of producing craft products on a large scale, as a disadvantage for attracting a large number of tourists, turns into an advantage in modern conditions, since its originality and accessibility become decisive factors when planning a trip. Each producer of a craft drink is distinguished by its individuality and accessibility. It is necessary to stimulate the promotion of Ukrainian production of craft products on the world and European market by various methods, including with the help of gastronomic routes, tours within the country itself, which will expand the understanding of Ukrainian viticulture and winemaking for both domestic and foreign tourists. It is shown that craft beverages as an innovation in the hospitality and tourism industry can become an additional revenue segment for local and state budgets.

Path optimization of local people's congress budget supervision in China

Path optimization of local people's congress budget supervision in China

Бюджетна складова фінансової безпеки регіону та її оцінювання в умовах війни

The aim of the article is to disclose theoretical and applied approaches to assessing the budgetary component of the financial security of the region. It is proposed to consider the financial security of the region as a state that reflects the financial capacity of the territory to ensure the potential for development by balancing financial resources, taking into account existential risks, threats and dangers. An approach to assessing the budgetary security of the region has been developed on the example of the Lviv region. It is noted that the revenue part was formed at the expense of tax, non-tax revenues, income from capital transactions and official transfers, which consisted of subsidies and subventions. In the structure of tax revenues, the largest share was occupied by taxes on income, profit, rent and payment for the use of water, subsoil, and other natural resources. Non-tax revenues were formed at the expense of own revenues of budgetary institutions and income from property, administration of fees and payments, income from non-commercial economic activities. Transfers in the form of subsidies and subventions came from public administration bodies to the local budget, among which subventions prevailed in targeted areas of use, aimed at supporting the needs of the State functioning under martial law, health care institutions and measures, educational needs, road repairs, etc. It is proved that the independence of budgets is possible only if there are sufficient own revenue sources. From the standpoint of observing the financial security of the region and taking into account international experience, an approach is recommended, according to which the share of own revenues in the budgets of self-government bodies should be at least 40%. It is substantiated that for 2018–2022 most of the expenditures of the regional budget of the Lviv region were directed to the socio-cultural sphere (education, health care, social protection and social security). Further research will be aimed at developing a comprehensive methodology for assessing the financial security of a region in the context of certain components and calculating an integral indicator of its level.