LNG Power Research Articles

Self-superheated combined flash binary geothermal cycle using transcritical-CO2 power cycle with LNG heat sink as the secondary cycle

Combined flash binary geothermal cycle (CFBGC) is an efficient geothermal energy conversion technology. Natural gas (NG) is a preferred fuel in the current energy scenario. LNG gasification is a needed step for delivering NG among the end users. In the present study, a self-superheated single-flash geothermal steam cycle, a transcritical CO2 power cycle and an LNG gasification unit are integrated into a CFBGC. This study shows that the LNG gasification rate and power output can be increased simultaneously by increasing the steam turbine inlet pressure. At a higher steam turbine inlet pressure, desirable steam quality (i.e., 0.9) at the steam turbine exit is maintained by implementing self superheating of the steam. It is observed that 15°C DSH of steam enables the CFBGC to operate at a steam turbine inlet pressure that substantially enhances the output power without a noticeable increase in levelized electricity cost (LEC). The CFBGC operating at this condition yields 9.97% higher power output compared to that of the CFBGC operating at steam turbine inlet pressure requiring no DSH of steam. As a geothermal-based power plant emits very low CO2, the proposed energy system may emerge as a future sustainable energy option.

Simultaneous Optimization of Exergy and Economy and Environment (3E) for a Multistage Nested LNG Power Generation System

The study introduces an innovative three-stage nested power generation system that enables the cascading utilization of LNG cold energy. It makes the most of wasted energy by using ship jacket cooling water (JCW) and exhaust gas (EG) as heat sources, a trans-critical carbon dioxide cycle as internal circulation, and utilizing the pressure exergy of LNG. We choose two azeotrope mixing fluids that match the requirements and create four cases for the outer and middle cycle working fluids in the three-stage nested system. To discover the ideal system performance from the perspectives of exergy (E), economy (E), and environment (E), four cases were subjected to multi-objective optimization using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization technique (MOPSO). Finally, the optimal solution was found by applying the TOPSIS decision-making method. Through comparative analysis, the optimal system is selected among the four optimization results. R170 (22.66%) and R1150 (77.34%) are used as the outer circulating working medium, while R170 (90.86%) and R1270 (9.14%) are utilized as the inter-cycle working fluid. The net output work is 575.75 kW, the optimal exergy efficiency is 46.09%, the optimal electricity production cost is $0.04009 per kWh, the carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by 36,910 tons, and the payback period is 2.548 years. After optimization, a more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly power generation system is obtained.

Measurement Techniques, Calculation Methods, and Reduction Measures for Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Inland Navigation—A Preliminary Study

Emissions originating from inland navigation should be reduced to achieve climate targets. This paper aims to identify (1) onboard GHG emission measurement systems, (2) calculation methods for GHG emissions of inland vessels and (3) reduction measures. A systematic literature review, examining 6 databases, yielded 105 initial outcomes, with 17 relevant references. The review reveals a scarcity of studies, with the majority concentrated in Europe and Asia, while North America, Africa, Australia, and South America remain largely unexplored. Four of the seventeen relevant studies focused on real-world GHG emissions measurement. Future research should explore more efficient and calibrated approaches for real-time CO2 insights in inland vessels. In the section on calculating GHG emissions, most papers attempt to adapt the EEDI or EEXI to inland navigation. Reduction measures for GHG emissions concentrate on alternative fuels, like LNG, methanol, hydrogen, or alternative power sources. As the research in this area is limited, prioritizing it in academic discourse is not only essential for advancing our understanding but also imperative for shaping a resilient and environmentally conscious future for inland navigation.

INVESTIGATION DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL (THE DAMPING RATIO AND SHEAR MODULUS) FOR RESISTANCE DESIGN AT THE LNG BAC LIEU GAS PIPELINE PROJECT BY CYCLIC TRIAXIAL TEST

The LNG Bac Lieu gas pipeline project is part of the 3.200MW LNG power plant complex in Bac Lieu province. The entire pipeline will be designed underground at the sea floor to be directly subjected to dynamic loads (earthquakes, waves ...). Soil response to dynamic loads is measured by the soil's dynamic properties such as dynamic strength, shear modulus and damping ratio. These soil parameters are very significant to study the movement of the ground as well as the local reaction of soil sediments under the effect of loads and cyclic soil structure. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the earth's dynamic properties (dynamic strength, damping ratio and shear modulus) to design seismic resistance for this project. From the relevant literature, it is known that the dynamic properties of the soil are influenced by the soil type and the position of the soil structure. 6 soil samples were examined randomly at different depths to determine soil properties. When studying dynamic strength, people often use direct test methods such as torsion cutting, cyclic flat cutting and cyclic triaxial test to determine the dynamic strength (dynamic resistance) of the soil. In which, the cyclic triaxial test method allows the simulation of real-world conditions to be easily simulated. The results of applying this method to soft clay and clay phases show that the damping ratio is 0.117-0.162D, the average is 0.136D, the shear module is 1650-2632kPa, the average is 2141kPa.

Assessing challenges to sustainability and resilience of energy supply chain in Pakistan: a developing economy from Triple Bottom Line and UN SDGs’ perspective

ABSTRACT This research aims to identify and analyse the challenges faced by the energy–power supply chain (LNG Power) in Pakistan a developing economy from combined perspectives of supply chain sustainability and resilience in the context of the Triple Bottom Line framework, UN SDGs 7, 13 and energy security. The significance of this research increases many folds as energy-power supply chains have been severely disrupted by events such as COVID-19, the Russia–Ukraine war and massive devastation caused by floods in Pakistan. Pakistan meets more than 60% of its energy-power needs from natural gas (including LNG), being less harmful than coal and oil power generation. The industry is in a state of deep crisis as it faces a complex set of challenges. Exploratory research design using a mixed method case study approach was used for the identification and shortlisting of challenges. Later these were ranked using group BWM. Major challenges were lack of strategy, top management commitment, weak compliance to UN SDGs, stalled structural reforms, disasters, lack of supply chain orientation, risk management culture, financial instability, LNG non-availability, demand uncertainty, infrastructure inadequacies and lack of awareness of Industry 4.0. The research enables policy-making besides providing energy practitioners a roadmap to overcome these challenges.

신재생발전량 확대에 대한 실증분석

Factors affecting the change in the amount of renewable power generation of KEPCO's power generation subsidiaries were empirically analyzed. For empirical analysis, a general power generation fuel demand model was established, and panel regression analysis was attempted using data from power generation subsidiaries for the period 2011-20. The empirical analysis results are summarized as follows. First, it is estimated that when the relative price of new and renewable power is high, the amount of renewable power is estimated to decrease. Second, renewable power generation has a substitute relationship with bituminous coal power generation and a complementary relationship with LNG power generation. have. Third, the RPS system directly and significantly played a leading role in increasing the amount of renewable power generation of power generation subsidiaries. Fourth, the emission trading system does not appear to have a significant effect on the increase in the amount of renewable power generation of power generation subsidiaries, which is why the emission trading system is not effective for renewable power generation. Fifth, the volatility of renewable power generation had a negative effect on the amount of renewable power generation as the supply of new and renewable power generation facilities increased. It can be inferred that as the amount of renewable power increases, the volatility of power generation increases, putting a burden on power generation subsidiaries.

Risk Assessment and Application of Port Liquefied Natural Gas Trucks Bunkering Based on Hazard Identification and Computational Fluid Dynamics

In order to safely and orderly promote the application of LNG as a clean energy for inland river ships, the paper takes a port truck to bunker a 2000 tons LNG power bulk carrier for example, carrying out a qualitative risk assessment based on HAZID method, putting forward risk prevention and control measures, and using FLACS software to get CFD accident consequence quantitative calculation. The analysis shows that the overall risk is controllable under certain measures. It is the first time that this method has been applied to the risk assessment of Trucks Bunkering.

자가용LNG발전소와 주변지역지원제도

LNG power generation is emerging as a new alternative. LNG power generation is said to have many environmental and economic advantages, with only 10% emission (emissions : urine output) and excellent efficiency such as facility management compared to thermal power generation such as coal. Accordingly, the government has also changed its policy stance in the direction of converting thermoelectric power plants into LNG power plants and has been providing various benefits to LNG power generation. For this reason, not only private enterprise operators but also public power generation companies are planning to change their facilities to LNG power plants or build new ones. Particularly noteworthy is that major companies, which have been consumers of electricity, are pushing for plans to build LNG power plants by themselves to produce and consume LNG power plants independently. Of course, since LNG power generation is environmentally and economically superior to existing thermal power generation, there is no need to oppose the expansion of LNG power plants. However, the reality is that they are not welcomed by the residents where the power plants are located. Nevertheless, many LNG power plants are already under construction across the country, and almost all of them are facing conflicts with residents. Therefore, in order for LNG power plants to become environmentally, socially, and economically useful and sustainable power generation facilities, legal and institutional measures should be prepared to correct the legislative deficiencies of the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas’ to dispel residents' concerns and opposition. Therefore, legislative adjustments should be made, such as significantly improving the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants’. First of all, it should specify that LNG power plants are included in the current legislation, stipulate not only commercial power plants(utility generation power plants), but also isolated power plants(non-utility generation power plants), and clearly support corporate funding and obligations for their own isolated power plants. Second, it is to improve the unreasonable regulations of the existing Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants. For example, the scope of the surrounding area should be set around the living area based on the distance from the existing power generation facilities, and sufficient compensation and support should be provided according to the degree of damage to residents. Third, the most important thing is to form an independent and a permanent scheme that jointly investigates and monitors environmental damage, which can be said to be the core of the conflict. This should be the cornerstone of a governance organization, including a producer utility generation(including private power plants), government, resident, representatives, and environmental experts. We hope to become a sustainable power plant that is welcomed by residents through the revision of the Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas.

자가용LNG발전소와 주변지역지원제도

LNG power generation is emerging as a new alternative. LNG power generation is said to have many environmental and economic advantages, with only 10% emission (emissions : urine output) and excellent efficiency such as facility management compared to thermal power generation such as coal. Accordingly, the government has also changed its policy stance in the direction of converting thermoelectric power plants into LNG power plants and has been providing various benefits to LNG power generation. For this reason, not only private enterprise operators but also public power generation companies are planning to change their facilities to LNG power plants or build new ones. Particularly noteworthy is that major companies, which have been consumers of electricity, are pushing for plans to build LNG power plants by themselves to produce and consume LNG power plants independently. Of course, since LNG power generation is environmentally and economically superior to existing thermal power generation, there is no need to oppose the expansion of LNG power plants. However, the reality is that they are not welcomed by the residents where the power plants are located. Nevertheless, many LNG power plants are already under construction across the country, and almost all of them are facing conflicts with residents. Therefore, in order for LNG power plants to become environmentally, socially, and economically useful and sustainable power generation facilities, legal and institutional measures should be prepared to correct the legislative deficiencies of the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas’ to dispel residents' concerns and opposition. Therefore, legislative adjustments should be made, such as significantly improving the current ‘Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants’. First of all, it should specify that LNG power plants are included in the current legislation, stipulate not only commercial power plants(utility generation power plants), but also isolated power plants(non-utility generation power plants), and clearly support corporate funding and obligations for their own isolated power plants. Second, it is to improve the unreasonable regulations of the existing Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants. For example, the scope of the surrounding area should be set around the living area based on the distance from the existing power generation facilities, and sufficient compensation and support should be provided according to the degree of damage to residents. Third, the most important thing is to form an independent and a permanent scheme that jointly investigates and monitors environmental damage, which can be said to be the core of the conflict. This should be the cornerstone of a governance organization, including a producer utility generation(including private power plants), government, resident, representatives, and environmental experts. We hope to become a sustainable power plant that is welcomed by residents through the revision of the Act on Assistance to Electric Power Plants - Neighboring Areas.

A study on financial mechanisms to develop the power system in Vietnam

Vietnam’s commercial electricity demand grew by 9.6% per year during 2011 - 2020. The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) forecasts that the average annual investment cost for the power system over 2021 - 2030 will be around USD 9.0 billion to USD 12.6 billion per year for generation sources and USD 1.5 billion to USD 1.6 billion for the grid. This article discusses the financial options to mobilise this capital. The private sector interest in financing new thermal power projects is low for coal and uncertain for gas; the current energy price crisis suggests deferring any new LNG power plant openings until after 2026. There, the state-owned sector takes the lead. For renewable energy, private investors have shown eagerness to finance new solar and onshore/nearshore wind projects under the feed-in-tariff regime. The subsequent mechanisms will be market-based: auctions and direct power purchase agreements. Offshore wind projects allow the state-owned oil and gas industry to invest jointly with international private developers and reorient its strategy in response to the energy transition. Developing the green bond market is an opportunity for Vietnamese banks. State-owned enterprises can use them to raise money through non-sovereign debt. Finally, a gradual increase in electricity prices will improve the sector’s ability to finance the necessary power system expansion.

Decision-Making on the Selection of Clean Energy Technology for Green Ships Based on the Rough Set and TOPSIS Method

In the context of the decarbonization of the shipping industry, the application of clean energy technologies is a catalyst for decarbonization. With the number of potential clean energy technologies expanding, the uncertainties in terms of technology maturity, policy regulation, and economics make clean energy technologies decision much more difficult. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a clean energy technology selection scenario for the green ship industry to assist shipowners in decision-making. Based on this, a technology selection model based on rough set (RS) and approximate ideal solution ranking (TOPSIS) is constructed. Using RS to reduce the evaluation index and calculate the weight can avoid the one-sidedness of subjective weighting. Using the TOPSIS method to rank alternatives. This paper selects seven clean energy technology alternatives, namely LNG power, LPG power, methanol power, HVO power, pure battery power, hydrogen fuel cell, and ammonia fuel cell, respectively, as the evaluation objects. Taking two types of vessels as examples, it is concluded that LNG power technology is suitable for large coastal ro-ro passenger vessels, and pure battery power technology is suitable for small inland river short-distances vessels. The results are in line with reality, which verifies the scientificity and validity of the proposed model.

Modeling and Sustainability Assessment of Outdoor Chlorella vulgaris Cultivation in South Korea for Renewable Bioplastic Feedstock Production

UTEX 2714 (Chlorella vulgaris) is cultivated outdoors in vertical bubble columns contained within a greenhouse to serve as a renewable blending bioplastic feedstock (BPFS). This application has potential advantages over traditional biofuels due to a simpler downstream process and higher marketability of the bioplastic product (> 1200 USD/ton). To assess sustainability for further scale-up and predict growth for varying seasonal conditions, mathematical modeling of growth kinetics was performed. Pilot plant data for parameter estimations were provided by the Pangyo LNG power plant complex. For early June 2021 during which the data was collected, algae productivity was 0.13 kg/m3/day, with the unit cost of production and specific carbon footprint being 2768 USD/ton and 1.33 ton CO2-eq/ton, respectively. Monthly average productivity dipped to 0.061 kg/m3/day in February and peaked at 0.16 kg/m3/day in early August. Seasonal variations in temperature and light intensity significantly influenced the economic viability and greenhouse gas emission reducibility of the BPFS process, which highlights the need to improve the accuracy of the growth prediction model and expand the risk assessment scope for guiding future R&D.

RBM 방법론을 이용한 BOG 회수 시스템 의사결정 지원 시스템 개발

Failure of a BOG re-liquefaction system of a floating LNG power plant can cause accidents such as fire or explosion. To prevent the failure of the BOG re-liquefaction system, operators have to maintain the system in correct maintenance methods. However, it is not easy to decide appropriate maintenance methods. Operators need to find the methods to minimize the amount of damage caused by the failure while considering of economic feasibility. To this end, systematic things must be in place to help the operators make appropriate decisions. In this paper, we developed a decision making assistance system for the BOG re-liquefaction system using risk based maintenance methodology. The developed system estimated risk of equipment in consideration of failure rate and severity of the equipment failure. Afterwards, the developed system found maintenance methods that can minimize damage caused by the equipment failure. Finally, after economic evaluation, the developed system proposed the maintenance methods to operators.

복합화력발전소 융합탈질설비에서 질소산화물 배출저감분석

Recently, the concern of the fine dust is increasing in our society and nitrogen oxides(NOx) has been considered as precursor of fine dust. Because, as well as the coal-fired power plants, the combined cycle power plants using LNG fuel also emit nitrogen oxides, our society strongly demands to lower the emission of NOx from the combined cycle power plants. In response of the public demand, Korean government set more stringent emission standard. Therefore, LNG power plants need to cope with it. The purpose of this paper is to study a reactive test that leads to Fast SCR by adjusting the mixing ratio of hydrocarbon reducing agent and NH3 reducing agent respectively. By so, it is expected to minimize the negative impact on the power plant operation and the power generation efficiency and contribute to the environment-friendly operation of power plant. Possessing a DeNOx system applicable to old combined cycle power plants and obtaining leading study results on the simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxides

State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship

In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on ships is traditionally based on engines thermal generators, which use fossil fuels, diesel, or natural gas. Due to the continuous operation of thermal generators in ships, this ends up increasing polluting gas emissions for the environment, mainly CO2. A combination of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with traditional ship thermal engines can reduce CO2 emissions, resulting in a ‘greener’ interaction between ships and the environment. Due to the varying power needs for ship operation, considering the varying nature of load demands during long distance travels and during harbor entry, the use of RES must be evaluated. This paper presents a new control method to balance LNG ship load demands and power generation from RES, based on an accurate model and solution in real conditions. The Energy Management System (EMS) is designed and implemented in a Finite State Machine structure using the logical design of state transitions. The results prove that the reduction of consumption of fossil fuels is feasible, and, if this is combined with RES, it reduces CO2 emissions.

Induced Effects of Environmentally Friendly Generations in Korea

This study estimated the induced effects of LNG, mega PV (photovoltaic), small PV, onshore wind and offshore wind power, which will be used as major power sources under the Korea’s energy transition policy. The 2015 Input–Output Statistics of Bank of Korea were used to reflect Korea’s economic structure. The MCI (manufacture, construction and installation) and O&M (operation and maintenance) of each power source would have different effects, so in the analysis the MCI and O&M of each power source were distinguished. According to estimation results, the induced-effect coefficients of the MCI are greater than those of the O&M in every power source. The induced production effect coefficient of the MCI is decreased in the order of mega PV > small PV > LNG power > offshore wind > onshore wind. The induced production effect coefficient of the O&M is decreased in the order of mega PV > small PV > onshore wind > offshore wind > LNG thermal. The induced employment coefficient of the MCI is decreased in the order of LNG thermal > mega PV > small PV > onshore wind > offshore wind. PV power and wind power have bigger induced effects and bring economic effects in Korean economy. The carbon neutrality and energy transition policies implemented by Korea have a certain level of induced effects and offset the burden of transition costs even if existing power sources are replaced with environmentally friendly power sources.

Design and optimization of LNG vaporization cold energy comprehensive utilization system based on a novel intermediate fluid vaporizer

In this paper, a novel type intermediate fluid vaporizer with LNG vaporization cold energy utilization was proposed and applied to 9200TEU container LNG power ship. Considering the different LNG vaporization parameters of the ship's main and auxiliary engines and the requirements of shipping for power generation, seawater desalination, cold storage and air conditioning, a comprehensive utilization system of LNG vaporization cold energy was constructed with a novel intermediate fluid vaporizer. Through the simulation and analysis of the scheme, and based on the cascade utilization of cold energy, the design scheme was optimized from the perspective of process arrangement and refrigerant selection. Finally, the parameter matching optimization of the determined optimization design scheme was carried out by using genetic algorithm. The results showed that the overall exergy efficiency of the optimal design scheme of the cold energy cascade utilization system of the ship LNG built in this paper based on the novel intermediate vaporizer was 51.09%, the net output electric power of the system was 342.228 kW, and the net profit of the system was about US $224,300 per year, and the cost was recovered in 7 years.

Process Simulation of the BOG Re-Liquefaction system for a Floating LNG Power Plant using Commercial Process Simulation Program

Process Simulation of the BOG Re-Liquefaction system for a Floating LNG Power Plant using Commercial Process Simulation Program

Calculation of Energy Parameters of LNG Power Plant with Utilization its Cold Energy

This paper proposes the possibility of using a cryogenic power plant as part of a hybrid engine, which can be used in the system of urban transport infrastructure. The model of this cryogenic power plant consists of main contour and auxiliary contour of power plants. The parameters of a hybrid cryogenic power plant were evaluated and the characteristics of the main contour of a hybrid power plant driven by a piston expander and a turbo expander with heat input from both the ambient and the exhaust gases of a diesel engine were calculated. Liquid methane is used as the main fuel. The optimal operation cycle of the auxiliary contour of power plant itself has been determined. For this purpose the main parameters of Rankin and Brayton cycles have been analyzed - consumption, power, efficiency. Besides, the most suitable cryogenic fuels for efficient operation were determined and the schemes of the plants were proposed. The calculations were performed using calculation algorithms, examples of which are presented in this article.

Research on Aging of the LNG Powered Ship Based on Computer Technology and Influence on Engine Performance

The ship’s LNG power system is a key part to ensure the normal operation of the ship. Every key part of the ship will be commanded by the LNG power system. In the part that this article focuses on, the main components of the marine engine LNG power technology are the LNG power ignition system, electronic fuel injection system and idle speed control system. The working principle of marine engine LNG power technology first controls the commands issued by the control system through internal sensors, converts the commands into electrical signals through the command input device and transmits them to various electronic control units. Then the control unit processes the signals and finally the actuator Turn each command from the LNG power unit into a specific control operation for the ship. LNG power technology has a huge impact on the entire shipbuilding industry, improving the performance and kinetic energy of ship engines, reducing ship energy consumption, reducing exhaust gas emissions and reducing pollution. This article studies them.