Abstract
In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on ships is traditionally based on engines thermal generators, which use fossil fuels, diesel, or natural gas. Due to the continuous operation of thermal generators in ships, this ends up increasing polluting gas emissions for the environment, mainly CO2. A combination of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with traditional ship thermal engines can reduce CO2 emissions, resulting in a ‘greener’ interaction between ships and the environment. Due to the varying power needs for ship operation, considering the varying nature of load demands during long distance travels and during harbor entry, the use of RES must be evaluated. This paper presents a new control method to balance LNG ship load demands and power generation from RES, based on an accurate model and solution in real conditions. The Energy Management System (EMS) is designed and implemented in a Finite State Machine structure using the logical design of state transitions. The results prove that the reduction of consumption of fossil fuels is feasible, and, if this is combined with RES, it reduces CO2 emissions.
Highlights
Power demands increase as the needs and standards of living progressively increase
Energy Management System (EMS) enters at this state when ship power demands overcome offered power from Renewal Energy Sources (RES)
Diminishing of Diesel Generators (DGs) activation duration is the decision factor, which contributes to CO2 emission reduction for Scenario 4
Summary
Power demands increase as the needs and standards of living progressively increase. This attribute forces the investigation of new power sources that on the one hand shall not be exhausted soon, and on the other hand, shall not affect ecological balance for the ecosystem due to pollution. Ship operation demands a large quantity of power production for propulsion, lighting, cargo loading, pump operation, etc., which are covered by installed engines—thermal generators using fuels such as oil, diesel, natural gas, lignite Such engines produce gas emissions CO2, CO, SO2, polluting the environment [6,7]. This work undertakes the topic of an LNG tanker and studies the way of improvement of costs of fuels consumed while, at the same time, it diminishes the CO2 emissions by integrating RES-generating units in the electrical energy plant of the ship. A number of alternative algorithms and approaches can be applied for the realization of EMS using Finite State Machine FSM according to ship type and application, and are available on installed ship engines and generators, inducing power demands, fuel and gas efficiency factors, etc.
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