Livestock Business Research Articles

ANALISIS SISTEM AGRIBISNIS USAHA TERNAK KAMBING SABURAI PADA KOPERASI PRODUSEN PETERNAK (KPP) SABURAI MANDIRI DI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

This research aims were to determine the procurement system saburai goat livestock business production facilities, saburai goat livestock business income, saburai goat production cost, saburai goat marketing channel, saburai goat agribusiness system supporting services and the role of Saburai Mandiri Producer Livestock Cooperative (KPP) in the saburai goat agribusiness system. The research was taken a case study at KPP Saburai Mandiri located in Gisting Sub-District Tanggamus District. The procurement of saburai goat livestock business production facilities has been right with an accuracy level of 83,96 percent. Saburai goat livestock business average income was Rp22.563.979,21 per year. Saburai goat production cost was Rp31.248,68 per kg. Saburai goat marketing channel was divided into two types product which each has four marketing channels. Saburai goat agribusiness system supporting services were financial institutions (banks), extension agencies, government policies, farmer/livestock groups, transportation facilities, information and communication technology and markets. The role of KPP Saburai Mandiri in saburai goat livestock agribusiness system was already good enough. Key words: Agribusiness, cooperative, livestock business, saburai goat.

Robustness of dairy cattle farming industry against Covid-19 pandemic in business group (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang, Malang

The impact of Covid-19 pandemic disrupts the supply chain for livestock breeds, feed, medicines, and others interfere sustainability of livestock businesses. This study aimed to determine the dairy cattle business’s changes during the pandemic at Business Group (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The data were obtained using the purposive sampling method. Respondents consisted of 17 dairy farmers (10%) of the total KUB members. The results showed that the farmer had been farming for 10-30 years with a population of three to eight cows. The average milk production of a cow can be maintained at 20 liters/head/day. Cows were given forage and concentrate (made by KUB) two to four times a day. The total cost of feed per month has not changed, which is around IDR 500,000 to IDR 3,000,000. The selling price of milk is IDR 5,400 before and during the pandemic. Health management methods include routine sanitation, injection vitamins, pre-dipping with warm water, and post-dipping with iodine. From this study can be concluded that the farmer of KUB Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang can survive with their management and farming experience, so they were able to sustain and have no problems with their business during the pandemic.

Analysis of Broiler Chicken Farming Business Income in Partner Patterns in Muaro Sentajo Village, Sentajo Raya District, Kuantan Singingi Regency (Case Study of Mrs. Suniati's Livestock Business)

The purpose of this research is to find out how much the cost, income, efficiency and Break Event Point for the broiler chicken breeder business partner Mrs. Suniati in Muaro Sentajo Village, Sentajo Raya District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. To analyze the data used mathematical analysis with descriptive and quantitative analysis. This research is a case study research in which research is focused on only one broiler chicken farming business. Results for analyzing revenues, costs and production are analyzed once in the production process. The results of this study indicate that Ibu Suniati's partner broiler chicken pattern with a scale of 3000 tails uses a cost of Rp.79,200,323, - / period, the receipt is Rp.81,154,080 /, - period, with a total profit of Rp.1,953. 757 / period, and an efficiency level of Rp. 1,025 / period which means 1 rupiah of the cost incurred then obtains revenue of 1,025 rupiahs or a profit of 0.25 rupiahs. And the level of Break Event Point in this study is that the production BEP is 4,342 kg, where the broiler breeder, the partner pattern of Ibu Suniati, must produce broiler chickens above 4,342 kg, while the price for the BEP is Rp. 18.136, - means that this broiler breeder, Ibu Suniati's partner pattern, must sell at a price of Rp. 18,136.

The production risk of broiler farm management at plasma breeders: Evidence from Indonesia

The broiler chicken business is essential to providing national meat consumption in Indonesia. However, the business also faces a very significant management risk. The purpose of this research is to study broiler farm management and the effect of its business management on the production and production risk. This research was conducted in Lamongan regency of East Java by interviewing broiler chicken farmers and using descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research show that the implementation of broiler farm management reached 73.48% of ideal situation, with planning reaching 67.64% ideal situation, 65.58% for ideal organizing, 84.18% for optimal direction, 74.43% for ideal coordination, and 77.58% for ideal control. Also, the management had a positive influence on the production of the broiler livestock business, with an elasticity of 0.700. The management had a negative effect on the risk of production of broiler livestock business with the elasticity of 0.237. Production risk was negatively affected by the number of chicks and the amount of feed. To provide support for breeders in their business, it is necessary to have a policy of low cost of broiler cultivation, especially the cost of chicks and feed, by setting DOC prices and cheap or cheaper feed. Besides, it is required to develop cooperation with companies using broiler primary products, as well as certain policies so that there will be businesses that use broiler primary products as their main ingredient.JEL Classification D13; Q02; Q12

Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ternak Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif di Kelompok Ternak Sapi Potong Sido Makmur Umbulsari Jember

The sustainability of the livestock business does not only depend on the success of the maintenance system which aims at increasing productivity, but also on the ability to process the resulting livestock waste. Livestock waste is the main source of quality degradation for the environment, this occurs due to the presence of ammonia and methane gas which is formed from the decomposition of organic matter. Ammonia along with other gases can cause acid rain, while methane gas causes a greenhouse effect. This community service partner is a farmer who is part of the "Sido Makmur" beef cattle group in Umbulrejo village, Umbulsari sub-district, Jember district. The purpose of this community service activity is to transfer knowledge and technology regarding livestock waste processing to be used as biogas. The selection of waste treatment topics is based on a situation analysis of the "Sido Makmur" livestock group. The results of the situation analysis show that generally livestock manure is not processed and is left around the stables and there are some group members who have difficulty buying LPG fuel because it is considered quite expensive. The implementation of the service consists of several activitie, the first was outreach activities, demonstrations / practices and assistance of community service activities. The results of the community service survey which have shown that the application of technology in the processing or utilization of livestock manure into a useful material that even has economic value will support the creation of an environmentally friendly livestock system or zerro waste system, besides that it will also improve the welfare of breeders through minimizing the cost of purchasing fuel.

POTENTIAL ANIMAL FEED RESOURCES BASED ON FOOD CROP WASTE SUPPORTS DEVELOPMENT OF BEEF CATTLE IN WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA

The increase in the need for animal-based food consumption creates opportunities in the development of cattle farming in the future. But the problems in the field are a decrease in livestock productivity such as a decrease in livestock population and a decrease in livestock body weight, this is due to the lack of availability of sustainable animal feed. The solution offered is to use food crop waste as an alternative feed for livestock, so it is necessary to analyze the carrying capacity of food crop waste in an area. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential resources of beef cattle feed based on food plant waste in West Sumatra Province and to analyze the nutritional content of food plant waste. The research was conducted in West Sumatra Province in January 2021. The method used was literature study and secondary data analysis. The data required consists of: (1) food crop production data, (2) beef cattle population data in West Sumatra Province. Data were analyzed by analyzing the carrying capacity of food plant waste. The results showed the availability of feed in West Sumatra Province 728,195.32 tonnes BKC / year, while the current total feed requirement is only 410,159.32 tonnes BKC / year. This shows the large potential for feed that has not been utilized, and this means that there is a large opportunity for Prov. West Sumatra in the future development of ruminants. The carrying capacity index of food plant waste (IDD) is 2.37, which means that it has a safe status where food plant waste is able to help support the needs of animal feed in West Sumatra Province. To increase the nutritional value of food plant waste, it can be overcome by giving a touch of waste processing technology innovations such as fermentation, silage, or ammonia. The results of this study are important as recommendations for the government regarding the sources of information on areas that have the potential to develop livestock business, which can be seen from the status of the area’s carrying capacity index or the potential availability of abundant animal feed.

Carrying Capacity for Ruminant Based on Plantation Byproducts and Potency of Enteric Methane Emission

Feed is one of the main pillars that need to be considered in optimizing production parameters in order to develop an efficient livestock business. Two aspects that need to be considered in order to make agricultural byproducts as a source of feed; those are the availability of raw materials for animal rations with high economic value and the function to reduce environmental pollution. Methane emissions are not only related to environmental problems, but also reflect the loss of some energy from livestock so that it cannot be used for the production process. The purpose of this paper is to review and estimate the carrying capacity for ruminant based on plantation by-products based feed and potential enteric methane emissions. The availability of feed from agricultural byproducts in Indonesia is estimated at 69.6 million tonnes of dry matter (DM), 34.8 million of total digestible nutrient (TDN), and 5 million tonnes of crude protein (CP)/year so it is estimated that it can accommodate 62.4 million livestock unit (LU) based on the DM availability or 39.1 million LU based on TDN availability or 51.6 million LU based on CP availability. From these calculations, it was found that the carrying capacity for ruminant in Indonesia could still be increased much greater than the current livestock population, namely 21.7-45 million livestock units if all byproducts are used entirely as components in rations. There are two groups of feed originating from plantation byproducts based on the potential for methane emissions produced, namely low (65-73 g CH4 / kg of material) and high (83-103 g CH4 / kg of material). Utilization of plantation byproducts as ruminant feed is expected to overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season. Utilization of these byproducts which in line with efforts to reduce methane emissions would enhance the development of livestock populations in friendly environment.

Niğde İl Kaliteli Süt Üretimi Optimum Toplama ve Taşıma Planlaması

Bu çalışmada, Niğde İli Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliğine üye büyükbaş hayvancılık işletmelerinden sabah ve akşam toplayarak işleme tesislerine sattığı sütün kalite değerlerinin korunmasını esas alan bir toplama ve taşıma modelini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma kapsamında birliğe üye 19 hayvancılık işletmesinden 12 ay boyunca ayda 2 kez çiğ süt numuneleri alınmış ve birliğin laboratuvarında teknik personellerce analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerde yağ, protein, yağsız kuruma madde, toplam kuru madde ve laktoz değerlerinin yanı sıra somatik hücre ve toplam bakteri sayısı ölçüm değerleri toplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda sütler toplam bakteri yüküne göre dört farklı tipe ayrılmıştır. Hayvancılık işletmelerinin coğrafi konumları ve belirlenen süt tipine göre toplama rotaları oluşturulmuştur. Bu kapsamda önerilen model “Tank Bazında Bölünebilir Talepli Matematiksel Model” olup GAMS 23.4.3 versiyonunda CPLEX 12.1.0 Solver‘ı kullanılarak çalıştırılmış ve optimum süt toplama rotaları oluşturulmuştur. Planlama 19 süt üreten büyükbaş hayvancılık işletmesinden Toplam Bakteri Sayısı esasına göre belirlenen 4 farklı tipteki sütün Toplama Merkezine belirli kısıtlar altında taşınmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Son yıllarda yaşanan süt arzındaki artış işleme tesislerinin daha seçici davranmalarına imkân vermiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak daha temiz ve kaliteli sütü alma konusundaki kriterleri artırmıştır. Ayrıca bu işletmeler kalite değerleri yüksek süte daha fazla ücret ödemeyi de kabul etmektedirler. Niğde Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği‘nin işleme tesisleri ile yaptığı kalite bazlı sözleşmeler sonucu yeni toplama modellerini uygulanması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bundan sora yapılacak çalışmalarda hayvancılık işletmesinden alınan sütün nihai ürün olarak tüketiciye gidinceye kadarki süreçte izlenebilirliği oldukça önemli bir çalışma konusu olacaktır.

Produksi dan keuntungan usaha ternak puyuh sebagai pendapatan alternatif

PRODUCTION AND PROFIT OF QUAIL FARMING AS AN ALTERNATIVE INCOME. The demand for livestock products every year had increased, so it needs to be balanced with its availability. Local poultry including quail can be developed to support self-sufficiency in providing food sources of animal protein. Quail had the prospect of being developed considering the city of Manado as a foreign tourist destination and its population tends to increase. Youth of Ulil Albab Mosque as a group that had introduced the quail farming business. The problem was the extent to which the success of the quail livestock business introduced by the Youth Group of Ulil Albab Mosque. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the production and profit of quail farming as source of alternative income. The research method was survey method, the sample was determined purposively. The data collected were primary and secondary data. Respondents were youth group of the Ulil Albab Mosque on the Unsrat Campus determined by purposive sampling of 4 people. The data analysis was descriptive. The success of quail business depends on the characteristics of the group members. The business was developed as many as 200 heads with egg production increasing every day. Egg marketing was through online. Quail egg consumers were housewives. Purchases of eggs were made for consumption by family members. In conclusion, egg production of quail business of the Ulil Albab Mosque Youth group increased and the profits obtained were positive with R/C value of 1.38 Suggestion, it is necessary to expand the business so that the maximum consumption of quail eggs can be increased.

Peran penyuluh terhadap pengembangan peternakan sapi di Kecamatan Sangkub

THE ROLE OF EXTENSION WORKERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATTLE FARMING IN SANGKUB SUBDISTRICT Sangkub sub-district has natural resources and human resources that have the potential to support the development of cattle, however, the development of cattle in this region has not been carried out effectively. This study aims to determine the role of extension workers towards the development of cattle farming, as well as analyzing the relationship between the role of extension workers and the development of cattle in Sangkub subdistrict.Determination of village samples is determined deliberately (Puposive), Pangkusa village. The selection of farmer respondents was taken entirely from farmers in Pangkusa Village, which amounted to 61 people. Measurement of research parameters is done by applying Likert scale. Testing the relationship between the variable role of extension workers and the development of cattle farming using spearman correlation coefficient test. The results showed that the role of extension workers shows that the indicators of the role of extension workers are reviewed from several aspectsthat is, the main activities of counseling 100% good, the preparation of counseling materials 33.3% cukub good 66.6% is not good, the application of 100% support method is not good, livestock business development is 33.3% good enough 66.6% is not good, the monitoring of the principles and implementation of counseling 66.6% is good 33.3% is not good, 33.% skills are good 33.3% good enough, the role of extension workers as educators, mentoring, and advisors 100% good. In general the assessment of the development of cattle farms based on measured parameters indicates a varied value, most breeders (51%-69%) categorized successfully, and there is a strong relationship between the role of extension workers and the development of cattle farming, with rs correlation value = 0.6385 and z-count (49,457) > z-table (1,640). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the role of extension workers is mostly in good categories, there is a strong relationship between the role of extension workers and the development of cattle farms in Sangkub subdistrict.

PROFITABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY FARMING IN SLEMAN REGENCY

The eruption of Mount Merapi has caused a serious impact on dairy farming in Sleman Regency. The death of livestock and the destruction of forage has decreased the income of dairy farmers, which is the main livelihood of the community. This study aims to analyze the profitability, the factors that influence the level of milk production, the level of technical efficiency, and the factors that cause the in-efficiency of dairy farming in Sleman Regency. This study used a questionnaire on 62 respondents. Analysis of profitability and production functions of the stochastic frontier is used for data analysis. The results showed that the business activities of dairy farming in Sleman Regency were profitable businesses with an average income from cash production costs per year is Rp. 18,347,565.38 per livestock business or Rp. 6,437,742.24 per unit of livestock. Factors that influence milk production were concentrate feed and the amount of livestock ownership. The level of technical efficiency of dairy farmers is 88.9%. The level of technical efficiency was influenced by the age of the farmer and animal’s health examination.

Penerapan Aplikasi Berbasis Android Untuk Ternak Ayam Petelur Sebagai Wadah Untuk Menghubungkan Pemilik Modal Dengan Calon Peternak

Laying hens are one of the producers of animal protein through the production of eggs, eggs that contain many nutrients needed by the body. The need for chicken eggs in NTB in 2019 reaches 1.3 million eggs, but regional layer hen breeders are only able to produce as many as 6000 eggs so that to meet the need for eggs, the government needs to bring eggs from other regions. The government also encourages people to raise laying hens through the poultry village program, which is one of the industrialization programs in the livestock sector to make NTB egg independent. However, to start raising livestock there are several problems that become sellers, namely the problem of capital and land. People who have capital do not have the choice of where to invest their money in the end only save their money in a bank whereas on the other hand farmers who own land need capital to start a livestock business. Therefore, the authors provide a solution by creating a well-known application as a place to connect investors with prospective breeders through an Android-based application so that investors can easily find potential breeders and breeders find it easier to get capital to start raising laying hens

IDENTIFIKASI KEBUTUHAN PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH PETERNAK LEMBU DI DELI SERDANG

Abstract: This research identifies the needs of cattle breeders for Islamic financing for cattle business development to provide solutions to problems faced by breeders in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, especially in obtaining access to capital through Islamic financial institutions. The condition of the breeders included in the non-bankable criteria and did not have the 5 C criteria (character, capacity, collateral, capital, and conditions of economic), which are the main requirements for distribution of financing. One way to provide a solution to this problem is by providing easy access for farmers to obtain financing from LKMS with the most appropriate financing schemes and models for farmer business activities. In order to reach this stage, it is necessary to identify the needs of breeders. The research method used is a qualitative approach. Data were collected based on primary sources in the form of interviews with breeders, LKMS around Deli Serdang Regency. The results showed the main needs (needs) of breeders in managing their livestock business to be successful where the availability of capital during the maintenance period, the need for knowledge and skills in processing potential waste from livestock manure to become business and additional income from livestock management, the availability of routine health assistants. Conduct visits to help and provide counseling and control the health of livestock. The Islamic financing model for cattle breeders shows very promising business potential and opportunities for both parties of Islamic cooperatives and cattle breeders. The welfare opportunities formed in a multiplier manner from the sharia financing model for cattle breeders and sharia cooperatives based on investment with a yield within 42 months reach an equivalent rate of 72.5%.

Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Produk Pangan Asal Pertanian dan Peternakan di Desa Cileles Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang

Cileles Village has enormous potential, both from human resources and natural resources. The entrepreneurial atmosphere in Cileles Village has been formed with the emergence of home industry entrepreneurs such as banana chips, cassava chips, catering, resin sculpture, furniture business, farming / livestock business, bag convection business, and groceries business. Entrepreneurial activities carried out by the community in Cileles Village have various obstacles that can hinder the running of the business, including marketing, regeneration, knowledge of how to produce good processed food, use of labels, raw materials, and licensing. The marketing area carried out by entrepreneurs in Cileles Village is only around Jatinangor, so that their business is underdeveloped. Increasing knowledge of entrepreneurs in Cileles is needed, assistance to PKK members is one of them. The method used in this extension is through entrepreneurship training. The target is PKK members as many as 30 people. The training materials include simple bookkeeping with Google sheets, food safety training on good food processing, repairing packaging, repairing labels, choose an alternative product if raw material is difficult and assistance in preparing permits.

Faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha ternak kambing di Kecamatan Pusomaen Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

FACTORS INFLUENCING GOAT LIVESTOCK BUSINESS INCOME IN PUSOMAEN SUBDISTRICT SOUTHEAST MINAHASA REGENCY This study aims to determine the income of goat livestock as well as factors that affect the income of goat farms in Pusomaen Subdistrict. This research was conducted in Pusomaen Subdistrict, Southeast Minahasa Regency with a research period of one month, from January – February 2020. This study uses survey method. Data collection using interview techniques on goat breeder respondents using questionnaires that have been prepared. The method of determining the location of farmer samples was by purposive sampling on six villages that currently has biggest population of goat in this research site. Samples of breeders then were selected by total sampling sampling of all goat breeders in Pusomaen Subdistrict which amounts to 58 breeders. The average income gained by goat breeders in Pusomaen sub-district was IDR 2,518,017.24/year by ownership of 5 cattles, with the average revenue from the sale of goats as much as IDR. 3,635,344.82/year, production costs incurred by farmers amounted to IDR. 1,117,327.58/year Factors that have very significant effect on the income of goat livestock business was the selling price and feed costs whereas the number of livestock sold had significant effect on farmers income from goat business

Peran penyuluh dalam meningkatkan adopsi inovasi teknologi pakan ternak sapi di Kecamatan Totikum Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

THE ROLE OF COUNSELING IN INSCREASING ADOPTION INOVATION OF FEED TECHNOLOGY ON BEEF CATTLE IN DISTRICT OF TOTIKUM BANGGAI ISLANDS. The aim of this study was to determine the role of guidance in introducing innovations in the use of feed technology in increasing the cattle population.The respondents in this qualitative study were determined by means of "targeted sampling", with 22 breeders being selected as respondents, based on the criteria of having more than 3 cattle with experience over 3 years. The results showed that the advice given to respondents did not relate to specific feed technology material, although farmers really need this knowledge for the development of livestock businesses. In addition, the perception of farmers is that due to their formal educational background, the existing cultivation workers fall under the competence of animal husbandry experts and were not in the animal husbandry field. In general, cattle farming in Totikum Subdistrict, Banggai Islands Regency was still aimed at meeting family food needs, not for commercial purposes, but when in an emergency situation farmers sell cattle through intermediaries in the village at a price that was not affordable for farmers. Therefore, it was concluded that the expansion activities carried out in Totikum District, Banggai Islands Regency played no role in the introduction of innovations in cattle feed technology.

TEKNOLOGI PETERNAKAN TERPADU BERBASIS ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DI KABUPATEN TANGERANG

Tangerang Regency has the largest cattle farm in Banten Province. Animal husbandry business activities can have a positive impact, namely increasing community economic activities, as well as negative environmental impacts, namely livestock waste both solid and liquid waste. Partners in this activity are the Arafah Agro livestock business group and Barokah UMKM located in Pakulonan Barat Village, Kelapa Dua District, Tangerang Regency. So far, livestock waste management is only limited to being collected and then used for plant fertilizer. The technology to be implemented is a biogas reactor with a capacity of 12 m3, a chopper, a feed mixer, a solar powered water pump and a 500 liter water reservoir, and a PLTS with a capacity of 300 WP. The stages of its activities start from identifying the real conditions of partners related to the application of technology, designing and making technology systems, testing the technology systems that have been made, and conducting training and mentoring to partners in operating and utilizing technology that has been disseminated. The output of this activity is the use of cow biogascoture for cooking and lighting for cages, the installation of a solar powered water pump to suck water from the well into the reservoir, which can later be used for drinking and bathing cows and other stable operations, grass chopper and feed mixer. help provide high quality cow feed, thereby increasing cow productivity by up to 50%.

Profitability analysis of goat marketing in Ado Ekiti metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Profitability of a livestock business has a great influence on its sourcing, distribution and sustainability. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the profitability of goat enterprise. A total of sixty respondents were randomly selected from two major markets in Ado-Ekiti metropolis (Shasha and Oja-Oba markets). Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire coupled with personal interview on socio economic characteristics of the respondents, cost and returns from goat marketing. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgeting analysis. The results on socio economic characteristics showed that goat marketers were predominantly married (63.3%) and relatively old (with a mean age of 58 years) in the study area. Profitability of a livestock business has a great influence on its sourcing, distribution and sustainability. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the profitability of goat enterprise. A total of sixty respondents were randomly selected from two major markets in Ado-Ekiti metropolis (Shasha and Oja-Oba markets). Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire coupled with personal interview on socio economic characteristics of the respondents, cost and returns from goat marketing. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgeting analysis. The results on socio economic characteristics showed that goat marketers were predominantly married (63.3%) and relatively old (with a mean age of 58 years) in the study area. The costs and returns analysis showed that mean Total Variable Cost (TVC) incurred in the marketing of goats per annum was N489, 700.00 while the mean Total Revenue (TR) was N720, 000.00 and the mean Gross Margin (GM) per seller was N230,300.00. The results implied that goat marketing in the study area is a profitable business involving both young and old, male and female, educated and illiterate.

Why Do People Stay Poor?

There are two broad views as to why people stay poor. One emphasizes differences in fundamentals, such as ability, talent or motivation. The other, the poverty traps view, differences in opportunities which stem from access to wealth. To test between these two views, we exploit a large-scale, randomized asset transfer and an 11-year panel on 6000 households who begin in extreme poverty. The setting is rural Bangladesh and the asset is cows. The data supports the poverty traps view - we identify a threshold level of initial assets above which households accumulate assets, take on better occupations (from casual labor in agriculture or domestic services to running small livestock businesses) and grow out of poverty. The reverse happens for those below the threshold. Structural estimation of an occupational choice model reveals that almost all beneficiaries are misallocated in the work they do at baseline and that the gains arising from eliminating misallocation would far exceed the program costs. Our findings imply that large transfers which create better jobs for the poor are an effective means of getting people out of poverty traps and reducing global poverty. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

GrazingFutures: learnings from a contemporary collaborative extension program in rangeland communities of western Queensland, Australia

Producer reliance on drought subsidies instead of proactive planning and timely destocking in low rainfall years has prompted Queensland government investment in promoting business and drought resilience. GrazingFutures (AU$6 million budget, 2016–2022) is an extension project focussed on enhancing business management skills of extensive livestock producers in western Queensland, Australia. The region’s rangelands are in productivity decline, span 1 million km2 and are managed by graziers operating more than 2400 livestock businesses (beef, sheep and goats). The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries delivers GrazingFutures as a component of the Drought and Climate Adaptation Program, in partnership with regional natural resource management groups and other public and private organisations. Project delivery emphasised upskilling multi-agency staff and livestock producers to promote practice change within three whole of business themes: (1) grazing land management; (2) animal production; and (3) people-business. Three independent surveys (2018, 2019, 2020) indicated positive practice change was occurring in grazing businesses as a consequence of the project. Graziers instigated management changes even under major environmental challenges including extended drought (2013–2020), an extreme flood event in 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This paper details the rationale, progress against the objectives, challenges and future direction of the GrazingFutures extension project.