Liver Of Albino Rats Research Articles

Physiological and histological Study on liver of male albino rats treated with retinol drug (retain)

Isotretinoin, commonly known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is a vitamin derivative used to treat severe acne and several types of skin, head, and neck cancer. According to certain research, isotretinoin causes apoptosis in a number of different types of bodily cells. In instances of clinically obvious acute liver injury with jaundice, isotretinoin has not been definitively linked. It is unknown how isotretinoin elevates serum aminotransferase levels, however, given that this effect seems to occur more frequently with a greater dose of medication, it may be a direct harmful impact. Methods: This study was conducted in the animal house in the College of Science / University of Babylon for the period from 22/11/2021 to 22/12/2021. The study included 40 white male albino rats (Rattus rattus) aged 2-3 months, weighing 100 to 150 g, and at a temperature of (25+3C) and 12 u (light-dark cycle) and then divided into eight groups, each group containing five rats. The animals were left before treatment for two weeks to acclimatize. After that, the rats were treated with Isotretinoin and they were given free water and a ration.

Phyllanthus Emblica Extract Protects the Rat Liver Cells Against the Toxicity of Monosodium Glutamate: Experimental Evidence

Background: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), used widely in the food industry, is a threat to the public health. We investigated whether the MSG administration depletes non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., vitamins C and E in the liver of Wistar albino rats. We also examined the restorative effect of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica). Methods: Wistar albino rats (n=42) were adapted and then randomly divided into seven groups of: 1) control, 2, 3, 4) MSG treatment, and 5, 6, 7) combined MSG and P. emblica extract treatment. All rat groups were treated daily for 120 days. They were orally administered either MSG alone or MSG plus the extract combined. The rats were then sacrificed and the liver was harvested from each group, and homogenized to examine the levels of vitamins C and E in the liver, using RP-HPLC method. Results: The vitamins C and E levels significantly declined (P<0.05) in the liver of MSG treated groups compared to those of the control rats. The combined treatment (extract + MSG) at low and moderate doses restored the vitamin C levels but it restored vitamin E only at the low dose (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated the deterioration of non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., vitamins C and E in the rats’ liver after chronic exposure to MSG. The findings support the toxic effect and oxidative stress due to MSG exposure to the liver and the beneficial effect of the extract of P. emblica that inhibits the MSG’s harmful effect on the liver.

The Biological and Chemical Ameliorative Effects of Bread Substituted with Dried Moringa Leaves

This study conducted to evaluate the effect of additional dried moringa leaves on bread and their effects on the chemical and biological of rats fed it. Wheat flour with dried moringa leaves powder (DMLB) is used at different levels (6 and 9%) to produce moringa bread. We performed a sensory evaluation of wheat bread substituted with dried moringa leaves, chemical properties (approximate composition and antioxidants), microbiology (total bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, fungi, and yeast) and biological analysis (Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine). Therefore, histopathology examination for kidney and livers of male albino rats fed fortified bread with dried moringa leaves compared with the control sample. The results of the approximate analysis showed significant differences by adding moringa leaves and the percentage of ash, protein, fat, and fiber increased with the moisture content. Moreover, carbohydrates decreased from fortified bread with dried moringa leaves compared to the control sample. The best treatment was fortified bread with 6% dried moringa leaves for all sensory evaluations compared to the other samples and moringa bread (DMLB 9%) helped reduce the microbial load during storage. The effect of moringa bread on liver cirrhosis was evaluated in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 . We found out that the effect of moringa leaves on liver and kidney functions in a state of improvement, as for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the proportion of LDL was less than HDL compared to the control sample. At the same time, moringa leaves have a significant effect on reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine in the serum of rats, which may be attributed to the presence of biologically active plant components. It can be concluded that moringa leaves can improve biological and histological of rats feed it.

Estimation of Postmortem Interval by Light and Electron Microscopic Findings in the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rats

Estimation of Postmortem Interval by Light and Electron Microscopic Findings in the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rats

Effect of the Bitis arietans snake venom obtained from Kaltungo, Nigeria on Liver Oxidative Stress Status and Histological changes in Wistar Albino Rats

The venom of the Nigerian Bitis arietans (puff adder) was assessed for its ability to trigger venom-induced necrosis as well as oxidative stress in the liver of Wistar albino rats. The snake was captured in Kaltungo Gombe state and the venom was milked and lyophilized accordingly. A single LD50 dose (1.5mg/kg) was administered and the rats were monitored for two weeks and the liver homogenate samples were analyzed for the changes in oxidative stress markers. Histopathology of the liver tissue was conducted to assess the necrotic effect of the venom. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) values were not significantly changed while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were affected significantly. One week after venom administration, the branching and anastomoses of the hepatocytes in the liver tissue were observed to be not clearly demarcated due to the severity of the necrosis with disintegrated nuclei especially in the wall of the central vein. There was almost total disintegration of the wall of the central vein two weeks after venom administration. The results of this study indicate that the Nigerian puff adder venom can also trigger oxidative stress and promote necrosis in the liver tissue of Wistar albino rats.

Histopathological Changes in Liver and Heart Tissue Associated with Experimental Ultraviolet Radiation A and B Exposure on Wistar Albino Rats.

This study aims to evaluate the influences of ultraviolet radiation A and B (UVA + B) exposure on the liver and heart organs of albino rats. Female Wistar Albino rats, whose hair of the dorsal skin was shaved, were exposed to a combined UVA + B radiation for 2 h/day, for 4 weeks in order to be compared with the control group. Histopathological findings in vital organs (liver and heart) were evaluated. Tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin (pH = 7.2) and embedded in paraffin. The histopathological findings were examined on the H&E stained sections with light microscopy. The results show that the liver and the heart were injured in the UVA + B group. Liver tissue in the UVA + B group showed minimal vacuolation, enlargement of hepatocytes and bile duct proliferation, and the heart tissue showed hibernomas; uniform large cells resembling brown fat with coarsely granular to multivacuolated cytoplasm that is eosinophilic or pale with a small central nucleus. The number of hibernoma cases was significantly higher in the UVA + B group compared with the control group (P = 0.021). The control group showed normal liver and heart histology with normal adipose tissue in the pericardium. As a result, UVA + B exposure has toxic effects, especially on the liver and the heart of Wistar albino rats. UV radiation may cause such adverse effects in humans. Therefore, protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation is of significant importance for skin and organs.

Food, not the photoperiod, entrains the circadian rhythms in the liver of Winstar albino rats

The central oscillator is located in mammals' suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The liver is the non-photic organ and the centre for metabolic activities. Food could be a potential zeitgeber for the liver as the timing of feeding is precise in animals. The present study hypothesized that the food provided at a different time of the day (consistently delay of 6 hours) could lead to the desynchronization of daily rhythms in clock genes in liver tissues. The Winstar albino rats were divided into three groups and were exposed to a daily light-dark cycle (12L:12D; 12h light and 12h dark). The Group 1 (Control group) had food ad libitum, Group 2- second group- 6h food group had daily food availability of 6h (night fed group). In contrast, Group 3- T30 group was provided food for 6 hours but delayed by 6h from the previous day's food timing. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed at six-time points and the expression of clock genes was studied in the liver. Food cycle's effect was observed on body mass, and it was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the T30 group. The circadian clock persisted in both food ad libitum and night fed groups but changed in phase and amplitude. However, it lost daily rhythm in clock genes in liver tissues of the T30 group. These results are significant as they suggest that the food's timing is critical for synchronizing the circadian clock in the metabolic center, i.e., the liver.

Malathion alters biochemical parameters of liver in albino rats

Liver represents a key role in the physiology of animals as most of the metabolic mechanisms occur in it. The pesticides entered into the human body through various routes viz., oral, dermal, inhalation, etc. affect the liver and alter the metabolic rate of the individual. Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide, commonly used in all kinds of crops to protect them from different kinds of pests. Here, we studied the toxicological effects of malathion on the liver of albino rats. Different doses of malathion @ 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ kg body wt. were orally administered to the rats for 7 and 15 days. The selected biochemical parameters such as protein, sugar, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamyl oxalotransaminase (GOT), glutamyl pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glucose-6- phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) values were measured. Results indicates that the value of protein, acid phosphatase and GPT significantly increases as 5.54+0.99 to 7.35+0.48 mg/g, 14.5+2.50 to 27.37+6.43 mol/g/h and 28.52+3.62 to 37.87+3.94 IU/dL, respectively after treatment. But the sugar, alkaline phosphatase and G6PD value significantly decreases after treatment from 126.12+2.64 to 84.5+10.83mg/g, 29.12+2.64 to 15.5+4.24,6.46 +1.56 mol/g/h to 4.62+1.18 IU/gHb, respectively. Value of GOT increased moderately from 38.5+2.44 to44.87+3.31 IU/dL. The above changes revealed the toxic effects of the pesticide malathion.

Histological study for the effect of sesame oil on liver and kidney in female albino rats

The current study was conducted to find out the effect of sesame oil on white female rats by studying changes in the histological structure of the liver and kidneys. The study included 20 animals divided into 4 groups; each group included 5 animals dosed with different doses volume (0.5'0.8' 1 ml)/kg. The period of dosing was for a month between one day and another. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the tissue of the liver and kidney was taken and preserved with (10% formalin) for histological procedure, Histologically results showed that sesame oil had a safety effect on both tissues, and the result was very similar to the normal tissue.

Histopathological alterations in liver, kidney, and testis of obese male albino rats following thunder god vine roots extract treatment

Histopathological alterations in liver, kidney, and testis of obese male albino rats following thunder god vine roots extract treatment

Physiological and Immunological Study for the Effects of Onopordum Acanthium L. Seeds Oil in Male Rats Treated with CCL4

In this study, the attention was focused on the protective role of seeds oil from local Onopordum acanthium L. (cotton thistle) against tissues damage in the liver, kidney and spleen in male albino rats. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups including control group, rats were treated orally with seeds oil (0.5ml/kg), carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) injected group, and last group was intoxicated with CCL4 and daily treated with seed oil (0.5ml/kg). After four weeks of the experiment, rats were anaesthetized and blood was taken directly by cardiac puncture for the evaluation of studied parameters. Samples of liver, kidneys and spleen were fixed in 10% formalin for histological studies. From the obtained results, no significant changes were seen in the estimated parameters in the group treated with oil only. In the group injected with CCL4 and treated with oil extract, the level of serum lipids, liver enzymes, total serum bilirubin (TSB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells (WBCs) were significantly reduced in comparison with untreated CCL4 intoxicated group. The toxicity of CCL4 on the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), renal function parameters, hemoglobin and body weight were ameliorated with seeds oil. These effective roles were further supported by the histopathological improvement of the liver, kidney and spleen tissues of rats against CCl4. Conclusion: from the results of this study, it can be concluded that the extracted oil from local Iraqi Onopordum acanthium L. seeds reduced the tissue damages with an improvement of biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters during the four weeks of the experiment.

Age-Related Changes in the Expression of Tenascin-C in the Liver of Albino Rat

Introduction and aim: Aging is a gradual deterioration in the function of tissues and organ systems and loss of the ability to maintain homeostasis, due to structural alteration or dysfunction. Aging impact directly on all the different types of liver cells: hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), Küpffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Activation of HSCs leads to deposition of collagen in the space of Disse, decrease of fenestrations of LSECs and formation of basement membrane. These changes called pseudocapillarization. Tenascin-C is highly expressed during embryonic development, wound healing, chronic inflammation and cancer. We aimed to investigate the contribution of tenascin C (TnC) to liver pseudocapillarization by comparing expression of tenascin c and levels of fibrosis deposition in space of Disse in different age groups
 Methodology: Different ages (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months) were chosen and sacrificed. Morphometric and serological parameters were assessed and the liver samples were processed for histological and immunohistochemical staining.
 Results: Immunohistochemical staining revealed a gradual increase in TnC deposition from first to forth group then gradual decrease occurred. Masson’s stain revealed gradual increase of fibrosis in space of Disse deposition from 2nd to 6th group.
 Conclusion: TnC appear and increase before appearance of fibrosis but when fibrosis is formed TnC is down regulated again.

Protective Effect of Vitamins E & C and Silymarin Against Paracetamol Toxicity on the Liver of Adult male Albino Rat

Protective Effect of Vitamins E & C and Silymarin Against Paracetamol Toxicity on the Liver of Adult male Albino Rat

Protective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Methotrexate-Induced Acute Toxicity on Liver of Adult Albino Rats

Protective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Methotrexate-Induced Acute Toxicity on Liver of Adult Albino Rats

Ameliorative Effect of Mushroom Extracts against Butyl Paraben Induced Toxicity in Liver and Kidney in Female Albino Rats.

Ameliorative Effect of Mushroom Extracts against Butyl Paraben Induced Toxicity in Liver and Kidney in Female Albino Rats.

Protective role of omega 3 on histological status of liver of albino rats affected by energy drinks

Background: This study was planned to see the toxic effects of energy drinks on the liver. The study was done for a period of one month in the animal house of the postgraduate medical institute, Lahore, on albino rats. Omega 3 was selected as a protective agent against the toxicity of energy drinks on liver parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective role of omega 3 on the histology of liver parenchyma damaged by an energy drink.Subjects and methods: A total of 30 male adult albino rats were used in this experimental study. They were divided into three groups with 10 animals in each: Group 1 was treated with distilled water at the dose of 0.5ml/100g of body weight, Group 2 was given an energy drink at the dose of 1.5ml/100g of body weight and Group 3 at the dose of 0.04-0.05ml/100g of omega 3 and 1.5ml/100g of body weight of energy drink. All doses were given for 4 weeks, orally once daily.Results: Hepatotoxicity was produced by the energy drink, as histological parameters deranged in experimental group 2, which was treated with the energy drink alone. While group 3, which was treated with omega 3 along with energy drink showed the protection of hepatic architecture to some extent by reducing inflammation and nuclear changes to prove the protective role of omega 3.Conclusion: Energy drink when given at dose of dose was 1.5ml/100gram/body wt.1.8ml was average dose adjusted on average base for a period of one month causes hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Omega 3 was given as at dose of 0.04-0.05ml/100 gm of body weight/day for a period of one month. It is concluded that 0.04-0.05ml/100mg of b.w/day of Omega 3 offered partial protection to liver against damage by energy drinks.Conclusion: It is concluded that 0.04-0.05ml/100mg of b.w/day of Omega 3 offered partial protection to the liver against damage by energy drinks.

Atrophic Changes in Hepatocytes by Excess of Garlic Consumption

Background: Garlic (allium sativum) is proved as herbal medicine and is used as self-medication for the control of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart diseases. Prolonged usage and high dosage have harmful effects on liver. Aim: To evaluate the injurious effects of garlic (allium sativum) on the liver of adult albino rats. Study design: Experimental study Place and duration of study: Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 1st October 2013 to 31st March 2014. Methodology: Forty five wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing between 250-350 grams were selected randomly. Two different doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of fresh garlic extract were given to the animals by orogastric tube for thirty days. After this period the analysis of quantitative parameters including diameter of hepatic lobule, diameter of the hepatic lobules, diameters of the hepatocytes and their nucleus was then performed on the livers of the sacrificed rats. Results: In the present study, atrophic changes on the size of hepatic lobule, hepatocytes and their nucleus is noted in both experimental group B and C as compared to control group A (P<0.001). Conclusion: It is worth to note that there is a need to evaluate safe dose and to determine the optimal duration of usage of garlic in general public due to its harmful effects on liver. Keywords: Garlic (allium sativum), liver, atrophy, albino rats

Hepatocurative and Histopathological Evaluations in Albino Rats Exposed to Vitex Doniana Alkaloids

The study investigated the effects of the alkaloid fraction of Vitex doniana on liver and kidney functions in albino rats. A solution of CCl4 in paraffin (1:1) was used to induce liver damage in albino rats. The liver and kidney function tests were carried out by oral administration of varying doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) of the bulk alkaloid to different groups of albino rats for 14 days. The rats were subsequently sacrificed, and the hepatocurative and histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney were carried out to determine the serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TAG), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The total protein, serum albumin, and HDLs were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by alkaloid fraction of V. doniana to values compared with the control. The results also showed that serum CHOL, TAG, LDLs, BUN, and creatinine were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in rats treated with alkaloid fraction compared with untreated. The normal cellular architecture of the liver destroyed by the standard hepatotoxin was restored by the alkaloids. The alkaloids of V. doniana reverse the CCl4-induced hepatocellular damage, supporting its use in managing liver-associated diseases.

Effects of Vitamin C and E on lipid profile and kidney performance of Albino Rats

The current study has been intended to estimate the belongings of vitamins E and C on lipid profile and renal performance of Albino rats. Vitamin E is a chain-breaking lipid dissolvable cancer prevention agent that has been utilized in the therapy of cardiovascular illnesses, immunological and hematological issues, and peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin C is enormous in imperative metabolic exercises including tryptophan digestion, iron retention, development of ferritin as cell cancer prevention agent, electron transport framework and coenzyme for cathepsin, liver esterases, and omega-oxidation of unsaturated fats. Vitamin C and E are known to be powerful antioxidant, utilization of vitamin C and E indicated significantly lowered hypertension and improved insulin activity, and decline lipid profile. Both vitamin C and vitamin E decreased lipid peroxidation. The experiment was conducted on Albino rats and treated with different doses of vitamins according to the protocol. Albino rats were divided into 4 groups, out of four groups one group was called the control group and the other 3 groups were treated groups, treated group A was supplemented with vitamin C, treated group B was supplemented with vitamin E), treated group C was supplemented with both vitamins together and fourth group (Group D) called the control group this group was given free access to food and water throughout the experiment. After completion of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed for the collection of blood, and blood was taken in EDTA for the collection of serum. Serum was collected for the analysis of higher density lipoprotein test (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins test (VLDL), total cholesterol test (TG), meanwhile Urea test, Uric acid test, and Creatinine test were examined. Results showed that means values of initial body weight and final body weight were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Values of Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, and Heart weight (g) of Albino rats were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Values of Urea, Uric acid, and Creatinine of Albino rats were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Values of the lipid profile of Albino rats were significantly (p≤0.05) different.

Histobiochemical changes in early postmortem interval in liver, pancreas, skin and kidney of adult male albino rats

Histobiochemical changes in early postmortem interval in liver, pancreas, skin and kidney of adult male albino rats