Liver Of Albino Rats Research Articles

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles containing Cichorium intybus to treat the sepsis-induced DNA damage in the liver of Wistar albino rats

Abstract Sepsis is a severe reaction of the body to an infection, presenting a critical medical crisis. It represents an imbalance between the body’s anti- and pro-inflammatory reactions. The occurrence of sepsis, which leads to multiple-organ failure and increased mortality, is marked by dysfunction in the lungs, heart, kidneys, and liver. The involvement of reactive oxygen species is believed to contribute to the progression of sepsis. Data suggest potential advantages of phenolic compounds derived from plants in combating sepsis. Plant polyphenols can be antioxidants by scavenging free radicals, chelating metals, and binding to proteins. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced by the aqueous extract of Cichorium intybus leaf for the purpose of treating sepsis-induced DNA harm. The recent study focused on the biological aspect including the cytotoxicity properties on normal (HUVEC) cell line. The AgNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-Vis. The TEM and SEM images of AgNPs exhibited the average size of 35.29 nm with spherical morphology. In the in vivo study, the animals were categorized into four groups: sepsis-induced, sham, AgNPs-20, and AgNPs-100. AgNPs treatment resulted in a significant decrease in tissues damage (p < 0.01). The sepsis-induced group showed a significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level in comparison to the sham group (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the groups that received AgNPs experienced a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in glutathione and superoxide dismutases levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, the rats treated with AgNPs exhibited a reduction in the IL-1β mRNA expression levels (p < 0.01).

Evaluation of the Effect of Gum Arabic on the Histological and Physiological Changes in the Liver of Albino Rats Exposed to Bisphenol A

We designed this work in order to study the protective effect of aqueous extract of gum arabic (GA) from oxidative damage induced by bisphenol A(BPA). This study was conducted on 35 male laboratory Albino rats of Sprague Dawley strain (165-210 grams) and divided into five groups. Each group included 7 rats. The experiment was performed at the animal house of Biology (College of Education for Pure Sciences). The experiment continued for 90 days under conditions Standard laboratory, as follows: The first group was the control; the second group had GA taken orally; the third group had BPA taken orally; the fourth group had GA taken first, followed by BPS, and the fifth group had BPA taken first, followed by GA. According to the above results clearly, Serum levels of AST, ALT and Lipid profile (Cholesterol, Triglyceride) indicated a highly significant increase in these parameters at group 3, While the fourth and fifth groups show significant reductions in AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, and MDA, also significant increases in GSH levels, While the histological changes in the third group were represented by the presence of a state of blood congestion with depletion of glycoprotein and degeneration of some cells, in addition to the presence of a state of necrosis of liver cells, while it was not observed severe histological changes when compared to third group in both fourth and fifth groups. In Short, the above results indicated that GA treatment for BPA-induced liver injury had Therapeutic effect through anti-free radical formation and functional role as free scavenger.

Sub-Acute Toxicity Assay of the smoke of Seeds of Azadirachta indica and Peels of Citrus sinensis used as natural insecticides on the Liver, Kidney, Lungs and Heart of Albino Rats

Abstract Natural plant parts such as seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem seeds) and peels of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) have been used as house-hold remedies against various ailments and bio-pesticides for agricultural purpose due to their repellent, growth regulatory and anti-feedant properties against insects. Despite their beneficial role, these natural insecticides could also have toxic effects on some vital organs of human. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sub-acute toxicity of smoke of the Seeds of Azadirachta indica and Peels of Citrus sinensis on the liver, kidney, lungs and heart of swiss albino rats. In this study, three groups of white swiss albino rats were exposed to the smoke of A indica seeds, peels of C sinensis and their combination at different duration of one hour and two hours respectively. The Control group were not exposed to any of the natural insecticides and were fed normal diet and water. After four weeks of the treatment, the animals were all sacrificed and their liver, kidneys, lung and heart were evaluated using standard biochemical and histopathological techniques. The levels of serum biochemical indices for liver (aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and protein), kidneys (urea, creatinine and electrolytes), and heart (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) were found to be significantly higher at (p<0.05) for all the groups treated with the two natural insecticides when compared to control group. Histopathological changes including fibrosis, hemorrhages, vascular congestion and necrosis were observed in the liver, kidneys and lungs tissues of the rats exposed to the smoke of the seeds of A indica. However, no histopathological changes were observed in all organs of rats exposed to the smoke of the peels of C sinensis compared to control group. Moreover, the severity of the effects of smoke of these natural insecticides on both biochemical and histopathological indices increases with increase in duration of exposure. The results of this study revealed that seeds of A indica have significant toxic effects on both the tissue and biochemical markers of all the major organs of the Swiss albino rats, while peels of C sinensis shows effect on only the biochemical indices at the specific duration of time studied.

Zinc Sulfate and α-tocopherol Supplementation Enhance Reproductive Performance in Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) With Lead Acetate Toxicity

Metal toxicity from lead affects reproductive organ function by activating reactive oxygen species processes. This study aims to see how α-tocopherol and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) affect gonads, liver, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, spermatogenesis (the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids), and Leydig cells in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)2. The samples used were 25 male Wistar rats aged 4 months, separated into five groups. For 30 days, all treatment groups were exposed to Pb(CH3COO)2 at a level of 50-mg/kg body weight (BW). The T1 group was given a dosage of 100-mg/kg BW of α-tocopherol. The ZnSO4 was given to the T2 group at a dose of 0.54-mg/kg BW. Meanwhile, the T3 group was given a mixture of ZnSO4 at 0.54-mg/kg BW and α-tocopherol at 100-mg/kg BW orally. ELISA test was carried out to determine the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a blood plasma sample of 100 μl / 1 mg. Histopathological observations made on the liver included counting damaged cells and seminiferous tubules that included counting the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells. Using SPSS 20 software, the collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s test with a 95% simultaneous confidence level. The highest average levels of FSH and LH in the T3 group were 3.6162 mIU/mL and 14.9658 mIU/mL. The finding showed that Pb(CH3COO)2 caused disruptions in the spermatogenesis and Leydig cell processes. Exogenous antioxidants in combination with ZnSO4 and α-tocopherol had significant effect on enhancing reproductive performance in animals exposed to Pb(CH3COO)2.

Ameliorative role of Honey and Bee venom of Apis mellifera against Methotrexate Induced Alterations On Biochemical Parameters of Liver and Kidney in Male Wistar Albino Rats

Ameliorative role of Honey and Bee venom of Apis mellifera against Methotrexate Induced Alterations On Biochemical Parameters of Liver and Kidney in Male Wistar Albino Rats

The impact of consuming different types of high-caloric fat diet on the metabolic status, liver, and aortic integrity in rats

Consumption of high-caloric diets contributes to the alarming number of overweight and obese individuals worldwide, which in turn leads to several diseases and multiple organ dysfunction. Not only has the number of calories taken per day but also the type of fat in the diet has an important impact on health. Accordingly, the purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of different types of high-caloric fat diets on the metabolic status and the integrity of the liver and aorta in albino rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups: Control group, long chain-saturated fat group (SFD), long chain-monounsaturated fat (MUFAs) group, long chain-polyunsaturated fat (PUFAs) group, medium-chain fat (MCFAs) group, and short-chain fat (SCFAs) group. Body mass index (BMI), Lee index, and visceral fat amount were reported. Serum levels of insulin, liver transaminases, lipid profile, and different oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were evaluated. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin/leptin ratio were also calculated. Histopathological examinations of liver and aorta with Masson’s trichrome stain, and immune-staining for Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) were also done. SFD group showed significantly elevated liver transaminases, inflammatory markers, HOMA-IR, dyslipidemia, reduced adiponectin, and deficient anti-oxidative response compared to other groups together with disturbed hepatic and aortic architecture. Other treated groups showed an improvement. PUFAs group showed the highest level of improvement. Not all high-fat diets are hazardous. Diets rich in PUFAs, MUFAs, MCFAs, or SCFAs may protect against the hazards of high caloric diet.

Impact of chlorogenic acid on submandibular salivary gland and liver of albino rats exposed to sodium nitrite

AimThe aim of the present study is to show how sodium nitrite alters the histology of submandibular salivary glands and livers of Albino rats, as well as how chlorogenic acid may have therapeutic benefits.MethodsA sample size of thirty male Sprague Dawley Albino rats weighing between 100 and 150 g (5-6 weeks old) was randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. Group I: rats were used as controls and were given phosphate buffer solution, whereas Group II: rats were given an 80 mg/kg sodium nitrites (SN) daily dissolved in distilled water. The rats in Group III were given a daily dose of 80 mg/kg SN dissolved in distilled water and after 6 hours each rat received 50 mg/mL freshly prepared chlorogenic acid (CGA) every other day. For 12 weeks, all treatment modalities will be administered orally, every day. After the experiment, all rats were euthanized. Samples from salivary glands and livers were processed and stained with H&E and interleukin 6 (IL 6). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were detected using an ELISA assay.ResultsGroups III had nearly comparable findings to Group I regarding histological pattern with normal submandibular glands and livers features. Group III salivary gland treated with CGA exhibited higher SOD levels (20.60±4.81 U/g) in comparison to the SN group, and lower MDA levels (111.58±28.28 nmol/mg) in comparison to the SN treated samples. In comparison to the SN group, CGA treatment significantly reduced MDA levels in liver samples (167.56±21.17 nmol/mg) and raised SOD (30.85±6.77 U/g).ConclusionsChlorogenic acid has a protective effect against salivary gland and liver toxicity induced by SN in rats. This was mediated via the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of CGA and the restoration of oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat salivary gland and liver.

Ameliorative Potential of Ginger for Mitigating Liver Damage Caused by Fluopyram in Male Albino Rats

Fluopyram is a widely used new generation broad spectrum fungicide and a variety of biochemical and histopathological alterations in the livers of albino rats. These include inflammatory cells, dilated sinusoids, haemorrhage, dilation of central veins, congestion and presence of erythrocytes. Significant increase in blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), acid phosphatise (ACP) and decrease in alkaline phosphatise (AKP) enzyme levels were seen in high dose of fluopyram treated rats as compared to control. The oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes showed a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Rats treated with fluopyram and ginger showed improved histopathological changes in liver. Ginger extract also showed decreased serum levels of malondialdehyde and raised serum levels of antioxidant enzymes. According to the current study, strong antioxidant activity of ginger mediates its protective effect against fluopyram induced liver damage.

The Possible Protective Role of Resveratrol against Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Hepatic Tissue Injury in Adult Albino Rat

Abstract Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in industries and medications. This may elevate the probability of their existence in the environment, which may have harmful side effects on different body organs, especially on the liver. So it became mandatory to search for natural hepatoprotective elements such as Resveratrol. Aim of the Work The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the histological structure and biochemical markers of the liver of adult male albino rats and to evaluate the possible protective role of Resveratrol. Material and Methods 40 adult male albino rats aged 3-6 months, were divided randomly into four groups; Group I (Control group), which consisted of 10 male albino rats with free access to food (rat chew) and water; Group II (ZnO NPs group), which included 10 male albino rats, which received a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight ZnO NPs through oral gavage daily for 4 weeks; Group III (Resveratrol group) was composed of 10 male albino rats which received a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight Resveratrol through oral gavage daily for 4 weeks, and Group IV (ZnO NPs + Resveratrol group) included 10 male albino rats which were co-administered with a combination of ZnO NPs at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight and Resveratrol at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight dose through oral gavage daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All the animals were sacrificed, and the liver was extracted and processed into paraffin blocks for light microscopic examination. A morphometric study and a statistical analysis were done. Results The present work demonstrated that liver sections obtained from adult male albino rats that received ZnO NPs showed disorganized hepatic architecture, severe affection of the hepatocytes, which had small darkly stained nuclei, and deep acidophilic cytoplasm. The hepatocytes sometimes showed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolations. Most hepatocytes had small apoptotic nuclei and were surrounded by clear halos. While some hepatocytes lost their cell boundaries and coalesced together. Central veins were dilated, distorted, and congested with areas of epithelial lining detachment. Most of the blood sinusoids appeared congested with marked inflammatory cell infiltration. The portal tracts showed vascular congestion, dilatation, and proliferation of the bile ducts. There was a marked increase in the collagen deposition around the portal tracts, central veins, and in-between hepatocytes. Marked depletion of glycogen content with sporadic positive PAS reactions within the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes was also noticed. Hepatocyte apoptosis was evident by a significant increase in caspase-3 expression compared to the control group. On the other hand, ZnO NP +Resveratrol group showed the restoration of normal hepatic lobules with few areas of subcapsular haemorrhage. Most hepatocytes appeared polygonal in shape, with acidophilic cytoplasm and central rounded vesicular nuclei. While few hepatocytes appeared degenerated with dark stained pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasm showed hydropic degeneration. Most of the blood sinusoids returned to their normal sizes with flattened endothelial cells. However, sometimes they were congested, dilated, and contained Kupffer cells. Some central veins appeared congested. The portal tract also returned to its normal size with a marked decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and showed apparent minimal collagen fiber deposition. Another finding in the present work was that Resveratrol restored the glycogen content of the hepatocytes which were depleted in ZnO NPs group. This was marked by a strong PAS positive reaction in the cytoplasm of most hepatocytes, with few hepatocytes with weak PAS reaction. Resveratrol co-treatment with ZnO NPs significantly reduced the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. This was evident in our study by the apparent negative Caspase-3 reaction in the cytoplasm of most hepatocytes. Clear deterioration of liver function tests was observed in ZnO NPs group compared with the control, with marked improvement in the group treated with ZnO NPs and Resveratrol together. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the degenerative and hepatotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on the histological structure and function of the liver and the hepatoprotective role of Resveratrol against these effects.

Microplastics exposure altered hematological and lipid profiles as well as liver and kidney function parameters in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus).

The global occurrence of microplastics and their poorly understood health implications underscore the need for scientific investigation. This study aimed to assess the effects of microplastics exposure. Twenty-five (25) albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five (5) groups, each consisting of five rats. Group 1 (the negative control) received normal feed; group 2 (the positive control) was administered a 10 % lead acetate solution; and groups 3, 4, and 5 were administered 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % microplastic solutions, respectively. The rats were monitored for 28 days, after which blood samples were taken for hematological and lipid profiles as well as liver and kidney function parameters. The results revealed dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) alterations in the health indices of the treated rats and the positive control compared with the negative control. Specifically, the hematological parameters, including the white blood cells (WBC) and its subtypes, were reduced, indicating immunosuppressive effects, and the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelets, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were reduced, indicating anemia. The 1 % and 5 % microplastic solutions raised the lipid profiles of the treated rats, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while the 10 % concentration decreased them, causing hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia, respectively. The liver function parameters, including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were elevated, indicating liver damage. Elevation of kidney function parameters, including sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-), urea, and creatinine (CRT), were noticed, suggesting kidney injuries. It can be inferred from these results that microplastics are toxic. Hence, human exposure to microplastics should be reduced to a minimum.

Studies on the effect of curcumin and quercetin in the liver of male albino rats exposed to gamma irradiation

Ionizing radiation produces deleterious effects on living organisms. The present investigation has been carried out to study the prophylactic as well as the therapeutic effects of treated rats with quercetin (Quer) and curcumin (Cur), which are two medicinal herbs known for their antioxidant activities against damages induced by whole-body fractionated gamma irradiation. Exposure of rats to whole-body gamma irradiation induced a significant decrease in erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBCs), platelet count (Plt), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct %), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean erythrocyte volume (MCV); a high increase in plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); a nonsignificant statistical decrease in the mean value of serum glutathione (GSH); a significant increase in plasma alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), serum total protein, serum total cholesterol levels, total triglycerides levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and with marked histological changes and structural changes measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Applying both quercetin and curcumin pre- and postexposure to gamma radiation revealed a remarkable improvement in all the studied parameters. The cellular damage by gamma radiation is greatly mitigated by the coadministration of curcumin and quercetin before radiation exposure.

Chemical Evaluations of Boiled Hemidactylus frenatus and Scolopendridae cataracta Solutions and their Histopathological Effects on Livers and Kidneys of Rats

This study evaluated the chemical profiles of boiled Hemidacylus frenatus (wall gecko, WG) and Scolopendridae cataracta (centipede) solutions and their effects on the liver and kidneys of albino rats. The GC-MS analyses of the solutions revealed that notable among the compounds present in boiled whole wall gecko solution (BWWGS) were hexadecanoic acid, 11-octadecanoic acid and methyl stearate. Hexadecanoic acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-(trimethylsiloxy)-, methyl stearate, 6-Octadecenoic acid and n-hexadecanoic were relatively present at high levels in boiled degutted wall gecko solution (BDWGS) while 9-octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and methyl stearate were also present in boiled centipede solution (BCS). Histological examinations of the kidneys and liver showed that the most notable effects of these solutions after 28-day exposure of the rats were haemorrhage in both organs, vacuolar degeneration in the kidneys and degeneration of the hepatocytes; in dose-dependent manners. The BWWGS and BCS induced hepatic and renal morphological changes in organs of the rats that were treated with them; indicating that the solutions contained toxic substances. The toxic effect was more pronounced with BWWGS relative to BDWGS; suggesting that the gut of WG might have contained agents responsible for the higher toxicity of its boiled solution. In conclusion, the boiled wall gecko and centipede solutions were toxic to the organs of the rats because of the toxic substances detected in them.

Effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Psychotria vogeliana (Benth) leaf on liver function, kidney function, and cytokines level of albino rats induced with rheumatoid arthritis

Plant-based medicines contained bioactive molecules and functions, as reported in our previous study in Psychotria vogeliana leaf using HPLC. This study investigated the effects of Psychotria vogeliana leaf ethyl acetate fractions on liver, kidney, and cytokine levels in albino rats with rheumatoid arthritis. Six groups of eight female albino rats each were constituted from a total of 48. Group A was used as the control group, and they were given simply normal saline. With 0.1 mL of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), rheumatoid arthritis (R.A) was induced in Group B (toxic control). Group C received a standard drug (methotrexate) after being infected with R.A. Groups D, E, and F were given ethyl acetate extract fraction of Psychotria vogeliana leaf at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 28 days after being induced with R.A using CFA. Biochemical parameters measured in R.A rats revealed increased levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, urea, creatinine, BUN, AST, ALT, and ALT compared to the control group. However, albumin and total bilirubin levels decreased. The extracts showed time and dose-dependent ameliorative effects on R.A rats, with anti-arthritic potentials comparable to standard drugs. The extract effectively treated the arthritis by restoring liver, kidney, and cytokine levels against the toxic group. The extracts showed both time and dose-dependent ameliorative effects on arthritic rats, with their anti-arthritic potentials comparable to that of the standard drug. The extract effectively treated arthritis by restoring liver, kidney, and cytokine levels against the toxic group.

Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium versus Silymarin on Experimentally Induced Fatty Liver in Adult Male Albino Rats (A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium versus Silymarin on Experimentally Induced Fatty Liver in Adult Male Albino Rats (A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Evaluating the Nephroprotective and Hepato-protective Effects of Hypoestes rosea in Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats

The leaves of Hypoestes rosea are in use as traditional medicine in the Niger Delta areas in Nigeria and the Western part of Cameroun for the management of different ailments in children, such as anaemia, malaria, fever and other ailments. Regardless of its uses, scanty studies evaluating its organ protective effects exist. Therefore, this research study evaluates the nephroprotective and hepato-protective effects of Hypoestes rosea in acetaminophen-induced toxicity in Albino rats. The objectives of this research study are to evaluate the protective effect of Hypoestes rosea on the kidney and the liver of albino rats. Acetaminophen, which is frequently used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug at high doses, can be harmful to vital organs of the body, affecting the liver and kidneys. In this study, effects of an aqueous extract of Hypoestes rosea (AEHr) on liver function parameters and kidney function parameters of acetaminophen induced-toxicity in albino rats were evaluated using acute (15 days) and sub-chronic (30 days) duration of study and study group comprising of prophylactic (pre-treatment) and therapeutic (post-treatment) phases with six experimental groups in each phase. A total of 112 adult apparently healthy Albino rats weighing (180-220g) were used for this study, divided into six experimental groups of extract control (EC), negative control (NC), positive control (PC), AEHr100mg/kg b w., AEHr 200mg/kg b w., and AEHr 300mg/kg b w. groups each of six rats. At the end of the research study period, blood samples were collected through jugular puncture for liver and kidney function parameters. Results showed that acetaminophen-induced toxicity in albino rats caused toxicity to the kidney and toxicity to the liver, as evidenced by the raised levels of potassium, urea, creatinine and low bicarbonate from the renal function parameters and also as evidenced by significant elevation of bilirubin and liver enzymes with a significantly low total protein and albumin levels from the liver function parameters when compared with other experimental groups. Conversely, AEHr at different concentrations in a dose-dependent pattern at the different treatment phases and different duration periods were able to repair the injury to the kidney and liver caused by acetaminophen induction to normal. Consequently, the findings of this research propose that Hypoestes rosea contains active ingredients accountable for the nephroprotective and hepato-protective abilities in rats and can be recommended for more studies using higher mammals.

Protective effect of diosmin-hesperidine combination on gammaradiation- induced apoptosis in liver of albino rats. Molecular and Immunohistchemistry

Protective effect of diosmin-hesperidine combination on gammaradiation- induced apoptosis in liver of albino rats. Molecular and Immunohistchemistry

Histopathological Changes Induced by Exposure of Mosquito Coil Smoke on the Liver of Adult Wistar Albino Rats – An Experimental Study

Background: Mosquito coils are widely used to control mosquitoes due to their low cost. However, their combustion releases harmful pollutants. Objective: This study investigates the histological changes in rat liver due to exposure to mosquito coil smoke containing d-trans allethrin. Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (Group A), exposed for 4 weeks (Group B), and exposed for 6 weeks (Group C). The rats were exposed to the smoke for 8 hours daily. Liver tissues were collected, fixed, sectioned, and stained for histological analysis. Results: Prolonged exposure to mosquito coil smoke leads to significant liver damage and inflammation due to the release of fine particles and toxic compounds. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to mosquito coil smoke is hepatotoxic. Public awareness and measures to minimize exposure are necessary.

&lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Hepatoprotective Activity of Hydroalcohol Extract of &lt;i&gt;Gyrocarpus asiaticus&lt;/i&gt; Willd and &lt;i&gt;Lactuca runcinata&lt;/i&gt; DC

Objective: Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Gyrocarpus asiaticus Willd (GA) and Lactuca runcinata DC (LR) prepared by hydroalcohol extraction. Methodology: Albino rats were used for the in vivo experiments for the determination of oral acute toxicity study. For these experiments, 6 groups were created of which 5 groups were for each plant extract and 1 group for control. A total of 11 groups were made for the toxicity study. Each group required 2 albino mice. Different doses of 0.025, 0.2, 0.5, 2, and 5 gm/kg body weight were administered orally for each plant extract. For the control group, these were administered with distilled water. For hepatoprotective activity, albino rats were randomly divided into 5 (control, toxic, standard, 2 samples) groups, and 4 animals were randomly divided into each group. For 2 plants, a total of 7 groups were made. 5% gum acacia was used as the vehicle. For induced hepatotoxicity CCl4 and as a standard drug silymarin was used. Result and Discussion: Plant extracts did not show any toxicity, and no histopathological changes were seen in the liver, kidney, or lungs due to toxicity. In the study of GA Willd and LR DC extract prepared by hydroalcohol solution, there was evidence of protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in the Histopathological study of the liver of albino rats. Conclusion: Hydroalcohol extract of LR DC and GA Willd shows no oral acute toxicity and LR DC shows no significant hepatoprotective activity but GA Willd shows significant hepatoprotective activity

The Hepato and Reno Protective Role of Curcumin against the Alterations in Some Biochemical Parameter and Histological Damage Induced by Monosodium Glutamate in Male Albino Rats

The main objective of current research was to investigate toxicity effect of Monosodium glutamate and protective role of Curcumin on some blood biochemical parameters, body weight gain, relative organ weight and histopathological alterations in liver and kidney tissues in male albino rats. Twenty animals of male rats (Rattus norvegicus), their weight ranged from 111 to 165 gm. The animals were divided into four groups: Each animal group contained five rat, first group was control negative (-ve) administrated distilled water, the second group was control positive (+ve) administrated curcumin, third group was administrated by Monosodium glutamate (MSG) at dose 20 mg per one Kg and the forth group was administrated by Monosodium glutamate (MSG) at dose 20mg/Kg of body weight + curcumin at dose 100 mg per one Kg of body weight. All animal groups were administrated orally about 30 days. The study recorded significant p≥0.05 increment in liver and kidney function parameters included [Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Urea and creatinine] after oral administration of animals with MSG and MSG + Curcumin as a comparison with control groups. The study recorded significant decrement p≥0.05 in liver and kidney function parameters included ALT, AST, Urea and creatinine) in group was administrated MSG + Curcumin in comparison with group was administrated MSG only. Additionally, current study revealed histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue in groups were administrated MSG and MSG+ curcumin compared with + curcumin compared with control groups. Furthermore, the study revealed that curcumin had protective effect and result in slight histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue by reducing the damage and in group was treated by MSG+ curcumin for 30 days compared with MSG treated group.

Protective Effect of Pan Bread Fortified with Ginger on Liver and Renal Function of Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Albino Rats

Protective Effect of Pan Bread Fortified with Ginger on Liver and Renal Function of Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Albino Rats