Lithium Salts Research Articles

Enhancing ionic conductivity and controlling lithium dendrite growth via ferroelectric ceramic Bi4Ti3O12

BackgroundSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have gained numerous research interest in the field of lithium metal batteries. Solid polymer electrolytes have improved safety compared to liquid electrolytes. Despite this, their low ionic conductivity remains a major barrier to practical applications. To overcome the challenge of low ionic conductivity in SPEs, our study introduces a novel approach that integrates ferroelectric ceramics with polymer solid electrolytes. MethodsWe used a one-step molten salt method to synthesize Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT), combined with a poly (vinylidene difluoride) matrix to form the composite solid-state electrolyte. Through various electrochemical characterizations and COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, we discovered that the ferroelectric properties of BIT significantly increase the dissociation of lithium salts, leading to a greater concentration of mobile lithium ions and more efficient ion transport. Significant findingsThis electrolyte showed a remarkable improvement in lithium-ion conductivity, reaching a value of 8.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Batteries made with these composite electrolytes demonstrate superior cycling stability, the capacity retention rates for LFP/SPEs/Li cells remain high, reaching 95 % even after 1,000 cycles at room temperature (25 °C). These findings highlight the promising applications of ferroelectric ceramics in solid-state batteries.

(2-Furanylmethyl)spiro(N/N)cyclotriphosphazenes and some quaternized derivatives: syntheses, structural elucidation and free radical scavenging activity studies

In the present study, the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3CI6, HCCP) and N1,N2-bis(2-furanylmethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane (1) yielded the tetrachloro-spiro(ethane-1,2-diamino)-N,N-bis(2-furanylmethyl)cyclotriphosphazene (2). Tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene (2) was then converted to fully substituted cyclotriphosphazenes (2a-2e) using secondary amines and sodium dimethylaminoethoxide. Compound 2e with dimethylaminoethoxy chains was quaternized in substituted nitrogen by reacting with methyl iodide (CH3I) to give polyiodo salt (2f). Subsequent metathesis with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiNTf2) gave the corresponding ionic salt (2g). This phosphazene-based amide salt (2g) arose as a viscous liquid at room temperature. The structures of 2–2g were confirmed by elemental analysis, HRMS, FT-IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR data. The crystal structures of 2 and 2b were also elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of the phosphazene derivatives were investigated using free radical scavenging assays. The highest radical scavenging activity values (%) were detected for compounds 2e (53.4 ± 0.4) and 2f (56.1 ± 0.2).

A rare example of monoanionic coordination of thiourea ligands to chromium: synthesis and structure

First example of thioureato ligands with chromium(II) has been isolated and is reported here. The reaction of two equivalents of the in situ generated lithium salt of the bulky 1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)thiourea ligand (L) with [CrCl2] in tetrahydrofuran and subsequent crystallization from hexane led to the formation of the corresponding CrL2 complex. Single crystal X-ray analysis shows a centrosymmetric Cr complex with a square planar geometry in which the crystal packing of the complex is stabilized by C–H⋅⋅⋅H and C–H⋅⋅⋅S interactions. The strongest contributions (6.2%) due to S⋯H/H⋯S interactions have been further confirmed by Hirshfeld analysis that appear as dark red spots in the finger plots. The title compound, [C42H54CrN4S2], crystallized in the triclinic space group, P-1 with cell parameters: a = 9.3310(19) b = 10.987(2) c = 11.061(2) Å, α = 97.36(3) β = 107.26(3) γ = 108.88(3)°, V = 992.6(4) A3, Z = 1.

Composite polymer electrolyte facilitated by enhanced amorphousity and Li+ conduction using LaFeO3-embedded PVDF-HFP for solid-state lithium metal battery

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are a promising alternative to flammable conventional liquid electrolytes for high-safety lithium-ion batteries. Establishing low-cost filler that enhances the amorphous nature of polymer in the CPEs and exhibits efficient Lewis acid-base interaction between fillers and anions of lithium salt, leading to improved dissociation of salts for enhanced conduction, is indispensable. In this work, for the first time, we construct a solid composite polymer electrolyte of poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) embedded LaFeO3 (LFO) particles prepared by solution casting and electrospinning methods and study their performances. The 5 wt% LFO filler embedded CPE made by means of solution casting and electrospinning methods exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 5.9 × 10-4 and 1.49 × 10-3 S cm−1 at room temperature and electrochemical stability window up to 4.6 and 4.45 V, respectively. Further, as-assembled solid-state lithium-ion batteries using electrospun CPE showed an initial discharge capacity of 166 mAh/g at 0.1C-rate and solution-casted CPE showed excellent cycling stability with 98.6 % capacity retention at 0.3C-rate even at 50th cycle. Such excellent performance originated from the introduction of the LFO particles as filler into the polymer matrix to enhance the ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and lithium metal compatibility of the resulting CPEs.

Boosting the Ionic Conductivity of Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Plastic Crystals by LLZO Fillers.

Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) have attracted attention as novel organic solid electrolyte materials, but their insufficient mechanical strength and ionic conductivity have prevented their application. In this study, a lithium salt, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSA), and an inorganic solid electrolyte, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), were added to an OIPC, N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C2epyr][FSA]). The fabricated organic-inorganic hybrid solid electrolytes were evaluated thermally, mechanically, and electrochemically to reveal which factors affect the properties of the electrolytes. All samples showed excellent thermal stability regardless of LiFSA or LLZO concentration, and they were found to be highly plastic and ion-conductive solids at a wide range of temperatures. It was also revealed that the addition of LLZO raised the nanoindentation stiffness (HIT) of the [C2epyr][FSA]/LiFSA composites. The ionic conductivity of the hybrid electrolytes was higher than that of the pristine OIPC, reaching a value of 2.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C upon addition of appropriate amounts of LiFSA and LLZO. Overall, samples with higher LiFSA concentration and moderate LLZO concentration exhibited higher ionic conductivity. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that the [C2epyr][FSA]/LiFSA/LLZO composites were lithium-ion conductors. These findings indicate that by optimizing the concentrations of lithium salt and LLZO, it would be possible to realize their applications as solid electrolytes.

Photoreduction of Trifluoromethyl Group: Lithium Ion Assisted Fluoride-Coupled Electron Transfer from EDA Complex.

Photoinduced single-electron reduction is an efficient method for the mono-selective activation of the C-F bond on a trifluoromethyl group to construct a difluoroalkyl group. We have developed an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex mediated single-electron transfer (EDA-SET) of α,α,α-trifluoromethyl arenes in the presence of lithium salt to give α,α-difluoroalkylarenes. The C-F bond reduction was realized by lithium iodide and triethylamine, two common feedstock reagents. Mechanistic studies revealed the generation of a α,α-difluoromethyl radical by single-electron reduction and defluorination, followed by the radical addition to alkenes. Lithium salt interacted with the fluorine atom to promote the photoinduced reduction mediated by the EDA complex. Computational studies indicated that the lithium-assisted defluorination and the single-electron reduction occurred concertedly. We call this phenomenon fluoride-coupled electron transfer (FCET). FCET is a novel approach to C-F bond activation for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds.

Nonflammable Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Safety and Ultra‐Stable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractHigh safety and stability in batteries are crucial factors for the large‐scale application of lithium‐ion technology. In this work, flame‐retardant aluminum diethylphosphonite (ADP) is coated by urea‐formaldehyde (UF) shell to conquer the side reactions caused by ADP during cycling process. And then the core@shell structured ADP@UF is combined with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), high thermal stability can be realized. When exposed to high temperatures, ADP@UF generates N⋅ and P⋅ radicals to eliminate the combustion the H⋅ and OH⋅ radical, to inhibit fire. By controlling the percentage of flame retardant added, PEO‐ADP@UF has totally achieved the effect of inflaming retarding, realizing stable electrochemical properties at the same time. The −NH2 in UF forms hydrogen bonds with PEO, and acts as a Lewis base to promote the dissociation of lithium salts to increase the lithium‐ion mobility number. Compared to PEO, battery with PEO‐ADP@UF has outstanding cycling performance (103 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 2.5–4.2 V) and long service life (800 cycles).

Mechanisms of physiological and toxic effects of lithium salts on the body (literature review)

The study of the influence of various chemical elements on the human body is an important direction because it allows determining the patterns of the distribution and migration of these elements in tissues, as well as their role in the development of specific diseases. Among inorganic chemical compounds, a special place is occupied by lithium salts, which are widely used in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The search and selection of literature sources to identify the physiological effects and characteristics of the toxic effects of lithium salts on the human body and experimental animals was carried out using the bibliographic databases: Scopus, MedLine, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, RSCI, Cyberleninka. Data analysis has showed lithium salts to be classified as moderately hazardous substances (hazard class 3) and in high concentrations have a damaging effect on the functions of the nervous system, kidneys, thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Anionic Effects on Concentrated Aqueous Lithium Ion Dynamics.

The dynamics, orientational anisotropy, diffusivity, viscosity, and density were measured for concentrated lithium salt solutions, including lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium nitrite (LiNO2), and lithium nitrate (LiNO3), with methyl thiocyanate as an infrared vibrational probe molecule, using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and viscometry. The 2D IR, NMR, and viscosity results show that LiNO2 exhibits longer correlation times, lower diffusivity, and nearly 4 times greater viscosity compared to those of the other lithium salt solutions of the same concentration, suggesting that nitrite anions may strongly facilitate structure formation via strengthening water-ion network interactions, directly impacting bulk solution properties at sufficiently high concentrations. Additionally, the LiNO2 and LiNO3 solutions show significantly weakened chemical interactions between the lithium cations and the methyl thiocyanate when compared with those of the lithium halide salts.

In Situ Species Analysis of a Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Containing LiTFSI and Propylene Carbonate.

In this study, we analyzed the species in a model electrolyte consisting of a lithium salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide (LiTFSI), and a widely used neutral solvent propylene carbonate (PC) with excess infrared (IR) spectroscopy, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD), and quantum chemical calculations. Complexing species including the charged ones [Li+(PC)4, TFSI-, TFSI-(PC), TFSI-(PC)2, and Li(TFSI)2-] are identified in the electrolyte. Quantum chemical calculations show strong Li+···O(PC) interaction, which suggests that Li+ would transport in the mode of solvation-carriage. However, the interaction energy of each hydrogen bond in TFSI-(PC) is very weak, suggesting that TFSI- would transport in hopping mode. In addition, the concentration dependences of the relative population of the species were also derived, providing a scenario for the dissolving process of the salt in PC. These in-depth studies provide physical insights into the structural and interactive properties of the electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries.

A Flexible and Mechanical Robust All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte with Microphase Separated Structure for Lithium-Ion Battery.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes are the most widely used solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) due to their high safety, excellent ability to dissociate lithium salts, low cost, and ease of preparation. However, low ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window limit their potential for further development. "Polymer-in-salt" electrolytes exhibit superior electrochemical performance; however, the high lithium salt concentration makes the SPE mechanically fragile when facing lithium dendrites. Therefore, preparing an SPE that can withstand a high concentration of lithium salt while still maintaining good mechanical properties has become a valuable challenge. In this study, a macroscopically homogeneous but nanoscopically phase-separated polymer matrix was designed as an electrolyte that can withstand a high concentration of lithium salt while retaining good mechanical properties, and this study investigated changes in the Li+ solvation structure within the electrolyte and analyzed the reasons for the simultaneous achievement of good ionic conductivity (1.02 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 60 °C) and mechanical properties (7 MPa at room temperature). The formation of large ion clusters at the phase interface and selective enrichment of lithium salt in specific regions are found to play crucial roles, and the critical current density (CCD) can reach a value of 2.2 mA cm-2. This work demonstrates a promising design approach for polymer electrolytes that achieves an optimal balance between SPE conductivity and mechanical properties through microstructure control.

Reprocessable, Highly Transparent Ionic Conductive Elastomers Based on β-Amino Ester Chemistry for Sensing Devices.

Ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) exhibit a compelling combination of ionic conductivity and elastic properties, rendering them excellent candidates for stretchable electronics, particularly in applications like sensing devices. Despite their appeal, a significant challenge lies in the reprocessing of ICEs without compromising their performance. To address this issue, we propose a strategy that leverages covalent adaptable networks (CANs) for the preparation of ICEs. Specifically, β-amino ester bonds as dynamic motifs are incorporated into a poly(ethylene oxide) network containing lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) salt. LiTFSI-containing β-amino ester networks (LBAEs) exhibit superb transparency (94%), thermal stability (>280 °C), and modest conductivity (0.00576 mS·cm-1 at 20 °C), and some LBAEs maintain operational capability across a wide temperature range (-20 to 100 °C). By regulating the lithium salt content, the mechanical properties, conductivities, and viscoelastic behaviors can be tailored. Benefiting from these features, LBAEs have been successfully applied in sensing devices for monitoring human motion (e.g., finger bending, swallowing, and clenching). Notably, even after four reprocessing cycles, LBAEs demonstrate structural integrity and maintain their operational capability. This novel approach represents a promising solution to the reprocessing challenges associated with flexible conductive devices, demonstrating the successful integration of CANs and ICEs.

Co-doping strategies for advanced solid state electrolytes with lithium salt: a study on the structural and electrochemical properties of LATP

The commercialization of lithium-ion batteries has revolutionized the field of energy storage, yet their usage of organic electrolytes has led to significant safety concerns. Solid-state electrolytes have emerged as a promising solution to these issues, enabling the development of high-performance solid-state lithium batteries. The NASICON-type solid electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7P3O12 (LATP) has demonstrated excellent properties and significant potential. This study involves the solid-state synthesis of LATP electrolytes doped with Cobalt and Silicon. Furthermore, adding 8% LiBr into LATP-0.04 significantly enhanced ionic conductivity, reaching a value of 3.50 × 10−4 S cm−1. This can be linked to lithium salt filling vacant spaces between grains, resulting in a significant drop in grain boundary resistances. The electrochemical analysis through Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) indicates that the investigated material demonstrates the capability to sustain stability and functionality even under the influence of elevated voltages, notably up to 5.45 V. These findings imply that optimal cobalt doping and Lithium salt contribute to superior ionic conductivity compared to pristine LATP.

A contribution to understanding ion-exchange mechanisms for lithium recovery from industrial effluents of lithium-ion battery recycling operations

Industrial effluents or process waters generated from spent lithium-ion battery recycling operations often contain high concentrations of lithium ions (Li+). This study characterizes the composition of process water obtained from pre-treatment and concentration operations of LIBs recycling. Ion-exchange experiments are conducted using synthetic lithium solutions (1 g/L) and industrial waters to understand Li+ recovery. Employing four commercial cationic resins, fast Li+ exchange kinetics are observed fitting the pseudo-second order model. The equilibrium isotherm data corresponds to the Langmuir adsorption model and reveals a Li capacity of 30–32 mg/g using Amberlite™ IRC 120 H, 70 mg/g using Lewatit® TP 308 H, 37–40 mg/g using Lewatit® TP 208 Na, and 37–41 mg/g using Lewatit® TP 260 Na. While the resins initially demonstrate moderate affinity for Li+, this can be significantly enhanced by increasing the Li+ concentration. Notably, as LIBs recycling operation effluents typically contain minimal competing ions, these results underscore the potential of employing ion exchange as a viable method to recover and concentrate lithium before precipitation into lithium salts.

Lithium‐Mediated Nitrogen Reduction for Ammonia Synthesis: Reviewing the Gap between Continuous Electrolytic Cells and Stepwise Processes through Galvanic Li─N2 Cells

AbstractElectrochemical N2 reduction reaction (E‐NRR) has recently gained increasing interest within the scientific community, due to the ongoing energy crisis and pursuit of process sustainability. In this scenario, emerging lithium‐mediated (Li‐m) strategies are obtaining promising Faradaic efficiency (FE) and NH3 production rate values. In this work, the Li‐m scenarios are classified and explained toward a more sustainable process. Continuous processes, with a lithium salt and a proton donor in an electrolytic cell, are analyzed and compared with stepwise pathways. Different parameters are summarized in relation to the system stability, for which the importance of a tailored solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer emerged. Among stepwise processes, the thermochemical direct nitridation of lithium is discussed together with the recently developed Galvanic Li─N2 cell strategy.

Sixty years of recurrence prevention in mood disorders.

This year, we observe sixty's anniversary of the article by a British psychiatrist, Geoffrey Hartigan, demonstrating, for the first time, the possibility of preventing of the recurrence of mood disorders by using lithium salts. Herein, a history of prevention of recurrences of mood disorders both worldwide and in Poland will be presented concerning both lithium and other mood-stabilizing drugs. The merit for verifying the prophylactic lithium effect in the 1960-1970s should be given to Danish researchers, Mogens Schou and Poul Baastrup. In Poland, the first paper on prophylactic lithium appeared already in 1971. In the 1970s, French researchers showed prophylactic activity of valproic acid amide, and Japanese researchers - carbamazepine. In the 1980th, studies on valproic acid amide were performed in the 2nd Psychiatric Clinic of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology led by Prof. Pużyński. Since the mid-1990s, 2nd generation of mood-stabilizing drugs has been introduced, including some atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone) and anticonvulsant drug, lamotrigine, showing prophylactic activity in bipolar mood disorder. The studies on lithium resulted in the identification of factors connected with its prophylactic efficacy as well as the antisuicidal, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects of this drug. From a sixty-year perspective following Hartigan's article, it seems that his pioneering concept on the possibility of pharmacological influence on the course of mood disorders was fully confirmed. Current Polish recommendations on pharmacological prophylaxis of mood disorders were presented in the books "Standardy leczenia niektórych zaburzeń psychicznych" and "Psychofarmakologia kliniczna", both published in 2022.

Synthesis of lithium and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry and its antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Synthesis of lithium and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry and its antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The synthesis of NPs (nanoparticles) using lithium and silver salts and its characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. The effect of silver (AgNPs) and Lithium (LiNPs) nanoparticles (NPs) on the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was evaluated. For all concentrations evaluated, inhibition of bacterial growth was observed with a MIC close to 0.8 mg/mL-AgNPs and 0.6 mg/mL-LiNPs against S. aureus and 1 mg/mL- AgNPs and 0.6 mg/mL- LiNPs against K. pneumonia. Given the actual development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, we contributed with an alternative for the future treatment of bacterial infections in humans and animals by evaluation of activities of synthetic metallic nanoparticles.

Designing high-chaos mixed-salt electrolytes for enhancing graphite-electrolyte interfacial stability in lithium-ion batteries

The interfacial stability between graphite anodes and electrolytes is crucial for the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries, particularly at low temperatures. This study investigates the effect of incorporating four common Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) components—LiF, LiNO3, Li2O, and Li2CO3—directly into two types of commercial electrolytes: carbonate-based (1.0 M LiPF6-EC/DMC, LP30) and ether-based (1 M LiTFSI-DOL/DME+2 % LiNO3, LDD) both with 5 % FEC (v/v) to create high-chaos mixed-salt electrolytes (LP30-FEC-4S and LDD-FEC-4S). Our findings show that Li/graphite cells exhibit significantly enhanced rate performance in both LP30-FEC-4S and LDD-FEC-4S electrolytes, compared to commercial LP30 and LP57 electrolytes. LiFePO4/graphite full cells using LP30-FEC-4S and LDD-FEC-4S electrolytes also showed excellent electrochemical performance (124.73 mAh g−1 and 119.21 mAh g−1 specific capacities at 0.5C). Remarkably, stable SEIs form rapidly on the graphite anode surfaces in the designed electrolytes even at low temperatures of −10 °C. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Li+ solvation structure is fundamental in determining the overall electrochemical performance. This study suggests that enhancing the mixing entropy of the system by adding multiple lithium salts to a commercial electrolyte is an effective and cost-efficient strategy for improving graphite-electrolyte compatibility.

Synergistic effect of Ti3C2Tx MXene/PAN nanofiber and LLZTO particles on high-performance PEO-based solid electrolyte for lithium metal battery

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been considered the most promising separators for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) due to their ease of processing and low cost. However, the practical applications of SPEs in ASSLMBs are limited by their low ionic conductivities and mechanical strength. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected MXene (Ti3C2Tx) network and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) particles synergistically reinforced polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based SPE, where the association of Li+ with ether-oxygen in PEO could be significantly weakened through the Lewis acid-base interactions between the electron-absorbing group (Ti–F, −O–) of Ti3C2Tx and Li+. Besides, the TFSI− in lithium salts could be immobilized by hydrogen bonds from the Ti–OH of Ti3C2Tx. The 3D interconnected Ti3C2Tx network not only alleviated the agglomeration of inorganic fillers (LLZTO), but also improved the mechanical strength of composite solid electrolyte (CSE). Consequently, the assembled Li||CSE||Li symmetric battery showed excellent cycling stability at 35 ℃ (stable cycling over 3000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, 0.1 mAh cm−2) and −2 ℃ (stable cycling over 2500 h at 0.05 mA cm−2, 0.05 mAh cm−2). Impressively, the LiFePO4||CSE||Li battery showed a high discharge capacity of 145.3 mAh/g at 0.3 C after 300 cycles at 35 ℃. This rational structural design provided a new strategy for the preparation of high-performance solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.

Analysis of Trace Impurities in Lithium Carbonate.

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is a critical raw material in cathode material production, a core of Li-ion battery manufacturing. The quality of this material significantly influences its market value, with impurities potentially affecting Li-ion battery performance and longevity. While the importance of impurity analysis is acknowledged by suppliers and manufacturers of battery materials, reports on elemental analysis of trace impurities in Li2CO3 salt are scarce. This study aims to establish and validate an analytical methodology for detecting and quantifying trace impurities in Li2CO3 salt. Various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), were employed to analyze synthetic and processed lithium salt. X-ray diffraction patterns of Li2CO3 were collected via step-scanning mode in the 5-80° 2θ range. SEM-EDX was utilized for particle morphology and quantitative impurity analysis, with samples localized on copper tape. XPS equipped with a hemispherical electron analyzer was employed to analyze the surface composition of the salt. For ICP-OES analysis, a known amount of lithium salt was subjected to acid digestion and dilution with ultrapure water. Multielemental standard solutions were prepared, including elements such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and S. Results confirmed the presence of the zabuyelite phase in XRD analysis, corresponding to the natural form of lithium carbonate. SEM-EDX mapping revealed impurities of Si and Al, with low relative quantification values of 0.12% and 0.14%, respectively. XPS identified eight potential impurity elements, including S, Cr, Fe, Cl, F, Zn, Mg, and Na, alongside Li, O, and C. Regarding ICP-OES analysis, performance parameters such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ), variance, and recovery were evaluated for analytical validation. ICP-OES results demonstrated high linearity (>0.99), with LOD and LOQ values ranging from 0.001 to 0.800 ppm and 0.003 to 1.1 ppm, respectively, for different elements. The recovery rate exceeded 90%. In conclusion, the precision of the new ICP-OES methodology renders it suitable for identifying and characterizing Li2CO3 impurities. It can effectively complement solid-state techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDX, and XPS.